engaging communities in protected area tourism

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Engaging Communities in Engaging Communities in Protected Area Tourism Protected Area Tourism Steve McCool Steve McCool Department of Society and Conservation Department of Society and Conservation The University of Montana The University of Montana [email protected] [email protected]

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Engaging Communities in Protected Area Tourism. Steve McCool Department of Society and Conservation The University of Montana [email protected]. Starting Points. 1.Goals of protected area and tourism planning Conserving heritage, values, resources and opportunities - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Engaging Communities in Engaging Communities in Protected Area TourismProtected Area Tourism

Steve McCoolSteve McCool

Department of Society and ConservationDepartment of Society and Conservation

The University of MontanaThe University of [email protected]@cfc.umt.edu

Page 2: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Starting PointsStarting Points

1.1. Goals of protected area and Goals of protected area and tourism planningtourism planning

Conserving heritage, values, Conserving heritage, values, resources and opportunitiesresources and opportunities• Tourism is a tool Tourism is a tool

Providing communities and their Providing communities and their citizens with routes to economic citizens with routes to economic opportunityopportunity• Incentives and sources of Incentives and sources of

income/revenueincome/revenue Enhancing quality of lifeEnhancing quality of life

• Recognizing that income is not the Recognizing that income is not the only measure of developmentonly measure of development

Page 3: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Starting PointsStarting Points

2.2. Protection of values in a dynamic, Protection of values in a dynamic, uncertain, complex and contentious uncertain, complex and contentious contextcontext

• In short, a messy situationIn short, a messy situation• Requires new, different approaches to Requires new, different approaches to

planning and public engagementplanning and public engagement

Page 4: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Starting PointsStarting Points

3. 3. Vision of the community Vision of the community and role of tourismand role of tourism• What the community would What the community would

“look” like in the future“look” like in the future• The vision for tourismThe vision for tourism• Contribution of tourism to the Contribution of tourism to the

community’s visioncommunity’s vision• Role of conservation in visionRole of conservation in vision

Page 5: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

ObjectivesObjectives

What makes for successful What makes for successful engagementengagement

What are the implications for how we What are the implications for how we see public engagementsee public engagement

Page 6: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

What makes for a successful plan?What makes for a successful plan?

Implementation

Technical Planning (LAC)

Public Engagement (Consensus and Learning)

Page 7: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Protected Area Decisions Requiring Protected Area Decisions Requiring Public EngagementPublic Engagement

Purpose and goals of the Purpose and goals of the protected areaprotected area• What values are to be What values are to be

protectedprotected• What tourism experiences What tourism experiences

and opportunities are to be and opportunities are to be offered and promotedoffered and promoted

Page 8: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Protected Area Decisions Requiring Protected Area Decisions Requiring Public EngagementPublic Engagement

Framing problems Framing problems Identifying and Identifying and

ranking issuesranking issues

Page 9: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Protected Area Decisions Requiring Protected Area Decisions Requiring Public EngagementPublic Engagement

Setting standards of acceptable Setting standards of acceptable changechange• Management of trade-offsManagement of trade-offs

Conflicting goalsConflicting goals

• How much, what kind, where, tourism How much, what kind, where, tourism development is acceptable?development is acceptable?

Use Level

Impact

How much impact is acceptable?How much impact is acceptable?

?

?

Page 10: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Dimensions of Success:Dimensions of Success:A FrameworkA Framework

Plan is writtenPlan is written Plan is Plan is

implemented implemented (values are (values are protected)protected)• Socially acceptable Socially acceptable

goals and actionsgoals and actions

Traditional Approaches based on a “Culture of Technical Control”

Page 11: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Dimensions of Success:Dimensions of Success:A FrameworkA Framework

Representation Representation • All interests at the tableAll interests at the table

RelationshipsRelationships• Building trustBuilding trust

LearningLearning• Process, content, each otherProcess, content, each other

OwnershipOwnership• Sense of carrying, Sense of carrying,

responsibilityresponsibility Enhanced functioningEnhanced functioning

• Capacity to make and Capacity to make and implement decisionsimplement decisions

Emergent approaches, based on a culture of learning and power-sharing

Page 12: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

So, What’s the Message?So, What’s the Message?

Requires a plan itselfRequires a plan itself• Based on how the specific planning Based on how the specific planning

context is framedcontext is framed• With specific expected outcomesWith specific expected outcomes

Process is critical to a useful planProcess is critical to a useful plan Intertwined with technical aspectsIntertwined with technical aspects

Page 13: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Models of Public EngagementModels of Public Engagement

Technical Planning Process

Expert Based

Page 14: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Models of Public EngagementModels of Public Engagement

Technical Planning Process

Scoping Alternatives

Expert Lead

Page 15: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Models of Public EngagementModels of Public Engagement

Technical Planning Process

Public Participation

Collaborative

Page 16: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Models of Public EngagementModels of Public Engagement

Transactive

Page 17: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Tourism DevelopmentTourism Development

Community and individual Community and individual capacitycapacity• TechnicalTechnical

Business management, Business management, market, guidingmarket, guiding

• ServiceService FinancialFinancial Relationship with Relationship with

protected areaprotected area• Includes legal restrictions, Includes legal restrictions,

personal relationshipspersonal relationships

Page 18: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

What Information Public Engagement What Information Public Engagement Provides Tourism PlannersProvides Tourism Planners

Community Community strengths, strengths, weaknessesweaknesses

Identification of Identification of resources, resources, capacities and capacities and opportunitiesopportunities

Page 19: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

What Information Public Engagement What Information Public Engagement Provides Tourism PlannersProvides Tourism Planners

Social/cultural effectsSocial/cultural effects Acceptability of tourism development Acceptability of tourism development

actionsactions Distribution/availability of skills, Distribution/availability of skills,

capital, business acumencapital, business acumenSocial Effects:CommodificationExploitationTransformationCompetitionDemonstrationHomogenizationDisplacement

Page 20: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Thank you!

Steve McCool

[email protected]

Page 21: Engaging Communities in  Protected Area Tourism

Growth in International TravelGrowth in International Travel