engineered with passion … and for safety - abc inc. floreck_falconjet_abc... · engineered with...

Aircraft Builders Council, Inc. Sep. 23, 2014

First Flight: First Half of 2015Certification & Entry Into Service: First Half of 2017

Engineered with Passion … and for Safety

Paul Floreck – Sr. VP Sales, No. AmericaDassault Falcon Jet Corp.



Falcon Family Range3,350 nm up to 6,450 nm

FALCON 900LX4,750 nm – Tri jet

FALCON 2000S3,350 nm – Twin jet

FALCON 2000LXS4,000 nm – Twin jet

FALCON 8X6,450 nm – Tri jet

FALCON 7X5,950 nm – Tri jet

FALCON 5X5,200 nm – Twin jet


The Worldwide Business Jet Fleet

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1

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Business Av.CorporateAir TaxiAirlinesCommuter

Corporate:.14 per 100,00 hr

Accident Statistics

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WW Accidents by Category per 100,000 Flight Hours (NTSB)

Source: Robert E. Breiling Associates


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10

20

30

40

50

% of Accidents

Business Jet Accidents by Phase of FlightBoeing Study: 1998 - 2009

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Pilot Action or Inaction responsible for 53.4% of business jet accidents and major incidents since their introduction.

Maintenance/Mechanical/Design/Manufacturer related causes account for 23.7% of business jet accidents and major incidents since introduction.

A 10% increase in landing approach speed will add 20% to the landing distance.

A one degree (1°) decrease in glide slope angle (flattened angle of approach) can add 13% to landing distance.

A 10% increase in gross weight can increase landing distance by 10%.

Some Other Relevant Bizjet (Safety) Facts

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If Each Engineering Dept. Had Its Way …

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Design & Certification to the Latest Airworthiness Standards Develop & Apply the Best Design Practices and Tools Practice “Smart” Airframe Architecture Build Robust (yet Light Weight) Structures Design Redundant Systems Optimize Flying Qualities, Handling & Control Ensure Broad Flight Envelopes (Low Speed, High Speed) Focus on Operational Flexibility Facilitate Flight Crew Resource Management Enhance Flight Crew Situational Awareness

What About the “Safety” Dept. … ?

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Many Ways to Ensure the Safest Aircraft Designs


Design: FAR Part 25 – Federal Aviation Regulations – Airworthiness Standards. These are the general regulations that apply for Transport Category Aircraft (over 12,500 pounds).

“Clean sheet” Designs must comply with the latest airworthiness standards at the time the aircraft’s type certificate is issued. F900 Certified 1986 F2000 Certified 1995 F7X Certified 2007

“Derivative” Designs may be allowed to have “grandfathered in” features which complied at the time of original type certificate issue, but may not fully comply with today’s requirements.

Bizjet Design and Operating Certification

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May 2011: The European Union and the United States put in force an agreement on cooperation in the regulation of civil aviation safety.

Enables the reciprocal acceptance of findings of compliance and approvals, promotes a high degree of safety in air transport and ensures regulatory cooperation and harmonization between the United States and the EU as regards airworthiness approvals and monitoring of civil aeronautical products, environmental testing and approvals of such products, and approvals and monitoring of maintenance facilities.

Regulatory Harmony for Airworthiness

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Dassault’sCATIAsoftwareenables engineers to create and manipulate acomputer-generated, three-dimensional model which accurately represents every component of the aircraft (structure, cabin and systems down to the fastener) during the design phase… and beyond.

The entire industrial chain, from initialdesign to production and support, ismodeled and simulated on software developed by Dassault Systèmes (CATIA, ENOVIA VPM and DELMIA).

CATIA facilitates compliance withcertification requirements.

CATIA eases maintenance, simplifiestool design; aids access to key serviceareas.

BENEFITS:Better safety, maintainability, partsinterchangeability.

The Right Approach: Life Cycle DesignDassault CATIA / Product Lifecycle Management


Practice in Virtual Reality, Do it Right in Reality


24.6 ft/7.50 m23.5 ft/7.16 m

Maxcabin width

92 in/ 84 in/2.34 m 2.13 m

Falcon 900LX Competitor

Well “Packaged” Design

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Falcons are configured so that their engine rotor burst planes are located away from their pressurized passenger compartment zones. This provides greater safety margins and allows for certification to higher cruise altitudes, also enabling more fuel efficiency.

Some competing aircraft are certificated to lower maximum altitudes because their pressurized cabin areas are not fully protected from potential depressurization due to rotor burst.

Competitor

Falcon 2000LXS

It’s In The Details

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Engine Rotor Burst Protection


Dassault develops the most advanced analytical and manufacturing tools and conducts ultra-rigorous testing beyond that required by the authorities.

Dassault’s ELFINI software –capable of the most complex finite element analysis on a simulated model of the aircraft’s structural geometry.

Enables engineers to simplify and lighten the structure while still making it stronger and safer.

Aero-elastic deformations as computed by ELFINI software

The Right Tools: Structural Design & Analysis

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Stronger, safer structure. Lower aircraft weight

Lower fuel consumption, Lower greenhouse gas emissions Lower direct operating costs.

No Life-Limits on primary structure. No limits on Turbulence Penetration Speed.

Dassault builds airframes with load capacities comfortably above regulatory requirements. Certified for Damage Tolerance (Considers non-detectable defects which can cause cracking).

Extensive use of the latest manufacturing technologies, such as composites, robotics and SPFDB (superplastic forming and diffusion bonding).

BENEFITS:

Falcon 7X wing forming process

Robust, …

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Falcon 7X wing robotic assembly


… yet Flexible

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Video Clip – Falcon 7X Extreme Condition Testing

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55SDNcX5cq4


Falcons are the only bizjets with pressurized fuel systems to promote fuel flow to the engines even in the case of total fuel pump failure.

Some airplanes have limits on takeoff and flight with wing fuel tank imbalances. Some require abnormal maneuvers to re-balance.

Most Falcons have no fuel imbalance limitations. Only the Falcon 2000 has a relatively generous fuel imbalance limit in flight, which if it occurs, is easily corrected by the crew using cockpit controls.

Pressurization with air reduces fuel vapor partial pressure, thereby reducing its volatility and increasing safety.

FRONT TANK

1-3 3-1 X-TK X-TK

BP

1-3 X-BP BP

BP BP

CENTER Rear TANK Crossfeed

valves XFR

2-3 2-1 X-BP X-BP

ENG 3

ENG 1

APU

ENG 2

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Cool Fuel Under Pressure


An “Extra” Engine

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IN FLIGHT: Failure of one engine is NOT an Emergency!

Greater Systems Redundancy(hydraulic, electrical, pneumatic)

Maintain Higher Altitude OEI Maintain Higher Speed OEI Burn Less Fuel: Fly Farther More Options, Safer

DURING TAKEOFF:Regulations require crews assume loss of engine at most critical time:

Retain 2/3 thrust (vs. 1/2) Less Runway Required Much Better Climb Rate Easier to Control (adverse yaw) More Options, Safer

OPERATIONAL FLEXIBILITY: F900 Engines Can be Battery Started

(so APU not “Critical” for dispatch) Full Stop with Reverser Only & Backup Ferry Flight OK on 2 Engines More Options, Safer

Triple Benefits

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Falcon 2000 & 900 Series hydraulic flight controls, like those of all airliners, are connected to the flight deck exclusively via push-pull rods. The hydraulic system provides “boost” to reduce control forces. Many competing jet aircraft use cables, much like smaller aircraft.

Double Servo Actuators - the same design and manufacture as Dassault’s

Mach 2+ fighters.

Falcon 2000 & 900 SeriesFlight Control System’s exclusive use of push-pull rods

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What is “Full Manual Reversion” ?

Even in the unlikely event of full hydraulic system failure, pilots can

maintain complete manual control of the Falcon at speeds up to M.75 !


“Steady as a Rock” at any Speed (Faster is Safer)

Video Clip – Falcon 50 Stability At High Mach Numbers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7ojhYSSMKc


What is “Fly By Wire” ?


The Architecture of DFCS allows an extremely high level of Safety and Redundancy

Flight Envelope protections, prevents exceedingthe safe flight envelope while reaching maximumaircraft performance. Allows extreme pilot reactionswithout extreme consequences.

Protection from Structural overstress, Stall,Overspeed. Also provides automatic trim.

Handling characteristics consistent throughout flightenvelope.

Maximum performance in case of engine flame-out, or in windshear conditions.

6 FC computers, 3 of them dual channel.

3 Independent Electric and 4 IndependentHydraulic circuits.

Back Up mode (electrical control of horizontalstabilizer and Spoilers) independent of DFCS computers. Ram Air Turbine.

Digital Flight Control SystemFirst introduced to Business Aviation in the Falcon 7X


Sidestick Pedal

Inertial Ref SystemAir Data System

Auto Pilot

Flight Data Concentrators

Main Flight

Control Computers

Actuator Control

Monitoring Units

Pilot controlsand sensors

Flightcontrol

laws

Electrical control ofactuators

Hydraulic and Electrical

Actuators

SecondaryFlight

Control Computers

Dataacquisition Actuation

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DFCS Architecture


R/H Front Rack R/H Rear Rack

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DFCS Flight Control Computers


DFCS Layout


DFCS Layout – Falcon 7X Tail Surfaces


Proving It Works ! F7X Max. Crosswind TestingKeflavik, Iceland


Clean wings:No vortex generators, fences, ventral fins, etc.

High lift devices: Full span wing leading edge slats

(as on modern airliners) Double slotted Fowler flaps

Reduced takeoff, approach and landing speeds for better safety and reduce field length requirements.

- NATURAL STALL PROTECTION- ACCESS TO MORE AIRPORTS

Steep Approach Certified:Able to operate from London City Airport.5.5°Approach Path

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Uplifting


Landing Approach Speed – Slower is Safer


Drop in Any Time ! London City Airport

All Current-Production Falcons Certified for operations at London City


Cockpit Crew Resource Management (CRM)

Flying Blind – Seeing Trajectory

Situational / Systems Awareness

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Three EASy Topics (Enhanced Avionics System)


CRM in the Old Days

Video Clip from “The High and The Mighty”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qh42k3Kvxck


Shared DisplaysStrategic Information

Tactical Information. Tactical Information

The EASy Approach


Common, Strategic items are handled together as a team

CRM By Design


Since 1929, Most Pilots have Flown on “Instruments” Referencing Pitch and Heading

The more or less standard “6 pack” of flight instruments

Most “glass” cockpits duplicate the“6 pack” round dial concept


We don’t really care where the nose is pointed (pitch & heading) we care about the trajectory (path and track) … we now have

the tools to show that to a pilot…. It started with the military…..

The True Goal is to Fly a Certain Trajectory, Regardless of the Wind or Conditions


The Situational Awareness and Control Benefits of Side Stick Fly by Wire, Path-based Head Up Displays and Moving Maps has been proven over many years in the Mirage and Rafale Fighters.

Rafale CockpitF7X SideStick

Dassault is the only manufacturer building BizJets and Fighters, Side by SideKeep your Chin Up ! Head Up Displays

HUD


Why not Always Fly by PATH… Like with a HUD ?

Aircraft SymbolFixed in center

Flight Director

AccelerationChevron

Flight Path Symbol


CRM & Situational Awareness Today


Giving pilots the vision to see where they are and where they are going……

Two Unfortunate CFIT* accidents…..* CFIT: Controlled Flight Into Terrain …

That is, flying a perfectly good airplane into a mountain

Cali, ColumbiaDec. 20th, 1995

Situational Awareness

Jakarta, IndonesiaMay 9th, 2012


CaliAirport

Crash site

Crew was unawarethey were descending

into the mountainswith their

airbrakes on !

American Airlines B757Cali, Columbia


Sukhoi Superjet 100 Jakarta, Indonesia

2,211 m (7,254 ft)

Salak Volcano


With Terrain Alert:

1. ADI: Pull Up

2. Audible “Pull Up Terrain”

3. Pop Up of 1/6 Terrain Window on Pilot Flying

4. Main I-Nav map converts to HDG Up and shows Interactive Terrain “flashing”

EASy CFIT Warning / Avoidance


EASy: Better visualization tools

B757

EASy


The flight deck of the Sukhoi that crashed…No big picture map showing the terrain or trajectory.


EASy gives a complete picture of the outside world – Heading Up, either along the flight plan route or straight ahead of the plane - Automatically

CFIT Prevention in a Falcon with EASy


Small x-wind, HDG centered … like HUD

EASy II – Even Better Visualization –Synthetic Vision


Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS)

Current Generation Infra Red Technology - Rockwell Collins Flight Dynamics and Canadian Marconi Corp. (CMC) EFVS for the Falcon family of aircraft.

Infrared camera installation

Pilot View at night with EFVS (camera image super-imposed on Falcon Head-up display)

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" Super " Vision, for the Next GenerationEnhancedVision System –Multiple Infra-RedCameras

New manufacturer: ELBITNew design: 3 sensorsFused information


Combined Vision Optimized for SafetyFusedSVS / EVS HUD

engineered with passion … and for safety - abc inc. floreck_falconjet_abc... · engineered with...

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