Engineering and Embedded Systems

Dr. Ahmad Aljaafreh

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Agenda

• Engineering

• Engineering Problem Examples

• Embedded Systems

• Embedded System Examples

• Microcontroller

• Microcontroller Examples

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Engineering

• What is Engineering?

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What is Engineering?

• Engineering is the discipline, art, skill, profession, and technology of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering)

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What is Engineering?

• Engineering is the practical application of science and math to solve problems, and it is everywhere in the world around you.

• Engineers are problem-solvers who want to make things work more efficiently and quickly and less expensively.

(http://www.ece.gatech.edu/academics/outreach/engineering.html)

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Problem Example

• Wireless sensor networks for monitoring

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Wireless Sensor Network

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Sensor Node Architecture

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Problem Example

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Driver Monitoring System

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In-vehicle Embedded System

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What is an Embedded System?

1- Computing systems embedded within electronic devices, Nearly any computing system other than a desktop computer.

2- A computer that is a component in a larger system, and is not visible as a computer to a user of that system.

3- A programmable component of subsystem providing some intelligence functions to the system of which it is a part.

Embedded Systems

• Billions of units produced yearly vs millions of desktop units

• Perhaps 50 per household and per automobile

Embedded Systems

• Automotive systems

• Airplanes

• Toys

• Medical Devices

Example Embedded Systems

PIC

Pulse Width Modulation

Serial Data

SerialMicrocontrollerCompass

Motor DriveInterface

Stream x2

UltrasoundRanging

Pulse Echo

Motor

Bump Sensor

Power

ManagementRegulation &

9VAlkaline

5V

9V

RightBump Sensor

Left

Light SensorLeft

Light SensorRight

Analog to Digital

Converter

LeftMotor

Clock

Module

Serial Extension Bus

Light SensorRear

UltrasoundServo

Right

Example : Guided Vehicle

Example Embedded SystemsExample Embedded Systems

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Examples of Embedded Systems

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Example : Car Door Control, within a Larger Network

DashBoard

AirBag

Radio

Climate

& CD

Door

Door

SteeringDriver's

Seat

CentralControl

CAN Bus

Control

Left

Right

o p e n d o o r s e n s o r

w i n d o w c o n t r o l b u t t o n s

l o c k c o n t r o ll o c k a c t u a t o r

w i n d o w m o t o r

w i n d o w s t a l l s e n s o r

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An embedded system is a system whose principal function is not computational, but which is controlled by a computer embedded within

it.

The Embedded System – Generic Block Diagram

Input Variables

Output

(User Interface)

Variables

(Link to other Systems)

Embedded Computer

Software

Hardware

Sig

nal

Con

dit

ioni

ng

Dat

a C

onve

rsio

n

Out

put

D

rive

(display, keypad etc.)

Embedded Systems

The Embedded System - What Disciplines does it Involve?

Embedded Systems

Electronics

Electric Motors &

Computer Architecture

Software Engineering

Integrated Circuit Design

Digital

Analogue Electronics

Actuators

Sensors and Measurements

Control Engineering

Data Communications

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PIC

Pulse Width Modulation

Serial Data

SerialMicrocontrollerCompass

Motor DriveInterface

Stream x2

UltrasoundRanging

Pulse Echo

Motor

Bump Sensor

Power

ManagementRegulation &

9VAlkaline

5V

9V

RightBump Sensor

Left

Light SensorLeft

Light SensorRight

Analog to Digital

Converter

LeftMotor

Clock

Module

Serial Extension Bus

Light SensorRear

UltrasoundServo

Right

We have seen this.

What is a Microcontroller?

• Microcontroller contains a microprocessor with additional peripheral devices integrated into a single package

• Peripheral devices may include:– Serial ports (COM), Parallel (Ports), Ethernet

ports, A/D & D/A– Interval timers, watchdog timers, event

counter/timers, real time clock– Other local processors (DSP, numeric

coprocessor, peripheral controller)

Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller

Microcontroller

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A Gathering of Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

PIC 16F84A

PIC 16F877

PIC 12F508

Motorola 68HC05B16PIC 16C72

Motorola 68000

Microcontroller Example

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Microcontrollers Leading the Way in Innovations

Microcontroller Market Share

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Microchip

• Microchip Technology manufactures the popular PIC microcontrollers (MCUs), with more than 700 different products covering a broad range of

8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit MCUs and digital signal controllers (DSCs).

• These cover the general-purpose MCU market, along with various specialty MCU peripherals to address such applications as motor control, touch sensing, graphics, USB and Ethernet switch-mode power supplies.

• All the microcontrollers are supported by Microchip’s MPLAB integrated development environment.

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Some Examples of the Microchip Mid-Range Family

Device number No. of pins*

Clock speed

Memory(K = Kbytes, i.e. 1024 bytes)

Peripherals/special features

16F84A 18 DC to 20MHz

1K program memory,68 bytes RAM,64 bytes EEPROM

1 8-bit timer,1 5-bit parallel port,1 8-bit parallel port,ICSP.

16LF84A 18 DC to 20MHz

as above As above, with extended supply voltage range

16F84A-04 18 DC to 4MHz

as above As above

16F87 18 DC to 20MHz

4K program memory,368 bytes RAM,256 bytes EEPROM.

2 parallel ports,3 counter/timers,2 capture/compare/PWM modules,2 serial communication modules,2 analog comparators,nanoWatt technology,software-selectable oscillator block,ICSP.

16F88 18 DC to 20MHz

as above as above, and7 10-bit ADC channels

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Arduino Board

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Input/ Output devices

1. Sensors

2. Actuators

3. Communications

Sensors

 HALL-EFFECT SENSOR

HALL-EFFECT SENSOR

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A Hall effect sensor is a transducer that varies its output voltage in response to a magnetic field. Hall effect sensors are used for proximity switching, positioning, speed detection, and current sensing applications.

LINE TRACKING SENSOR

LINE TRACKING SENSOR

• This sensor is for line tracking purpose.  It detects white and black color, and it outputs via TTL signal. (Black for LOW output, White for HIGH output)

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Gas Sensors

Gas Sensors

AIR QUALITY SENSORMETHANE SENSORALCOHOL SENSOR

OZONE SENSORHYDROGEN SENSOR

CO SENSOR(LPG)

GAS SENSORSMOKE SENSOR

FLAME SENSOR

FLAME SENSOR

• The flame sensor can be used to detect fire or other wavelength at 760 nm ~ 1100 nm light. In the fire-fighting robot game, the flame plays an important role in the probe, which can be used as the robot's eyes to find fire source or football. It can make use of fire-fighting robots, soccer robots.

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INFRARED EMITTERS AND DETECTORS

INFRARED PROXIMITY SENSOR 

ELECTRODE - SELF-ADHESIVE

WEIGHT SENSOR (LOAD CELL)

temperature sensor

SOUND SENSOR

LIGHT SENSOR

PHOTO REFLECTIVE SENSOR

VIBRATION SENSOR

DIGITAL INFRARED MOTION SENSOR (PIR)

ULTRA SONIC RANGE MODULE

DIGITAL TILT SENSOR

WATER SENSOR

 WATER FLOW SENSOR

TORQUE SENSORS

Force Sensor

Pressure Sensor

Humidity Sensor

List of Sensors

please see the attachment file.

Actuators

Switches

Switches

Relays

Keypads

Displays

Bumps

Motors

Stepper Motors

Steppers Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Servo Motors

Servo Motors

Servo Motors

Servo Motors

Servo Motors

Communications

Infrared

Radio Waves

Wifi

Bluetooth

Zigbee ZigBee

RFIDRadio-frequency identification

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

GSMGSM

EDGEEnhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution

HSPA+\WCDMAEvolved HSPA

Thank You!

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