engineering department enen r&d on advanced materials: status and future outlook n. mariani, a....
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![Page 1: Engineering Department ENEN R&D on Advanced Materials: Status and Future Outlook N. Mariani, A. Bertarelli, F. Carra, A. Dallocchio, E. Krzyzak 1 st Meeting](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f065503460f94c1c063/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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N. Mariani – CERN 1
R&D on Advanced Materials: Status and Future Outlook
N. Mariani, A. Bertarelli, F. Carra, A. Dallocchio, E. Krzyzak
1st Meeting AdColMat Working Group19.08.2013
19 August 2013
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N. Mariani – CERN 2
Outline
19 August 2013
Review of materials adopted in LHC collimators
Metal-matrix composites under development
Figures of merit
Materials ranking
Conclusions
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Materials for LHC collimators
N. Mariani – CERN 3
CFC (AC-150-K)
Graphite
Copper OFE
Inermet180
Molybdenum
Glidcop Al-15
Copper-Diamond
Molybdenum-Copper-Diamond
Silver-Diamond
Molybdenum-Graphite
19 August 2013
Already used in collimators active jaw
Already used for collimators, but not in the active jaw
Under R&D: never used for collimators
TCP/TCS
TCDI
TCLP
TCT
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TCP/TCS
TCP/TCS
TCP/TCS
TCP/TCS
Type Material
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N. Mariani – CERN 419 August 2013
CFC and Graphite stand out as to thermo-mechanical performances. Adversely outweighed by poor electrical conductivity, expected degradation under irradiation.
High-Z metals and alloys (Cu, Mo, Glidcop, Inermet) possess very good electrical properties. High density adversely affects their thermal stability and accident robustness.
R&D focused on Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) with Diamond or Graphite reinforcements: goal is to combine the properties of Diamond and Graphite (high k, low r and low CTE) with those of Metals (strength, g , …).
Powder Metallurgy production techniques including: Rapid Hot Pressing (RHP), Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and Liquid Infiltration.
Graphite Punch
Powders
Graphite Die
Vacuum Chamber
Pressure
Pressure
DC Current(continuous or pulsed)
Materials for LHC collimators
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• Materials investigated are Copper-Diamond (Cu-CD), Molybdenum-Diamond (Mo-CD), Silver-Diamond (Ag-CD), Molybdenum-Graphite (Mo-Gr)
• Most promising materials are Cu-CD and Mo-Gr.
• Ag-CD and Mo-CD are, by now, sidelined as they are limited by (relatively) low melting temperature (Ag-CD) and insufficient toughness (Mo-CD).
• Mo-Gr is particularly appealing as it can be cladded with a Mo layer dramatically increasing electrical conductivity …
Cu-CD
Mo-CD
Ag-CD
Mo-Gr
19 August 2013 N. Mariani – CERN 5
Metal-matrix composites
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BC “bridge” stuck on CD surface.No CD graphitization
• Good thermal (~490 W/mK) and electrical conductivity (~12.6 MS/m).
• No diamond degradation (in reducing atmosphere graphitisation starts at ~ 1300 °C)
• No direct interface between Cu and CD (lack of affinity). Partial bonding bridging assured by Boron Carbides limits mechanical strength (~120 MPa).
• Cu low melting point (1083 °C) may limit Cu-CD applications for highly energetic accidents.
• CTE increases significantly with T due to high Cu content (from ~6 ppmK-1 at RT up to ~12 ppmK-1 at 900 °C)
150 x 150 x 4mm3
Developed by RHP-Technology (Austria) inside EuCard WP8.2 activities.
19 August 2013 N. Mariani – CERN 6
Copper-Diamond
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entEN Why Graphite?
Low CTE Low Density High Thermal Conductivity (grade-dependent) Very High Service Temperatures High Shockwave Damping
• Very high melting point (2500+C)
• Low Density
• Outstanding Thermal Conductivity (700+ W/mK). 180% Cu, 170% Ag !!!
• No reinforcement degradation
• Possibility to reach excellent electrical conductivity by Mo cladding.
• Mechanical strength to be improved …
Co-developed by CERN EN/MME and Brevetti Bizz (Italy).
• R&D program still going on to further improve physical properties, particularly mechanical strength
19 August 2013 N. Mariani – CERN 7
Molybdenum-Graphite
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Molybdenum – Graphite core with pure Mo cladding having tailored thickness.
Excellent adhesion of Mo cladding thanks to carbide interface. Sandwich structure drastically increases electrical conductivity:
Simulations foresee a factor 10 Collimator impedance reduction!
Core: 1 MS/m
Mo Coating: 18 MS/m
Carbide layer: 1.5 MS/m
N. Mounet et al., Impedance @ 2013 Collimation Review, May 2013
Wish to install a full collimator with Mo-coated jaw in LHC …
New challenge: turn material R&D into a suitably industrialized product in short time…
… and each new material should be validated by accident simulations and tests (HiRadMat)19 August 2013 N. Mariani – CERN 8
Molybdenum-Graphite with Mo cladding
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N. Mariani – CERN 9
Objectives have been turned into a set of Figures of Merit to assess relevant materials
• Reduce RF impedanceMaximize Electrical Conductivity
• Maintain/improve jaw geometrical stability in nominal conditionsMaximize the stability indicator Steady-state Stability Normalized Index (SSNI)
• Maintain Phase I robustness in accidental scenariiMaximize the robustness indicator Transient Thermal Shock Normalized Index
(TSNI)
• Improve cleaning efficiency (absorption rate)Increase Radiation and nuclear Interaction Lengths, i.e. Atomic Number
• Improve maximum operational temperatureIncrease Melting Temperature.
19 August 2013
kra
R(1-n)cpvEa
Z
Tm
g
Additional “standard” requirements include ...• Radiation Hardness, UHV Compatibility, Industrial producibility of large components, Possibility
to machine, braze, join, coat ..., Toughness, Cost …
Objectives for material R&D
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Material C-C Graphite Inermet MoCopper
(annealed)Glidcop ® Cu-CD Mo-Gr
Density [g/cm3] 1.65 1.85 18 10.22 8.9 8.9 ~5.4 2.8
Atomic Number (Z) 6 6 74 42 29 29 ~11.4 8.3
Tm [°C] 3650 3650 1083 2623 1083 1083 ~1083 ~2520
SSNI [kWm2/kg] 24 15.7 1.2 2.7 2.6 2.5
13.1 ÷ 15.3
85*
TSNI [kJ/kg] 793 608 30.8 40 7.9 37 44 ÷ 51 195*
Electrical Conductivity
[MS/m]0.14 0.05 8.4 19.2 96.2 53.8 ~12.6 1 ÷ 18 **
19 August 2013 N. Mariani – CERN 10
Materials Ranking & Discussion
* Estimated values** with Mo coatingworse better
Are figures of merit considered until now still valid or new requirements should be considered?
For actual figures of merit, Mo-Gr (eventually Mo-coated) seems the best solution for future LHC secondary collimators.
Other refractory metals like Molybdenum could be also of interest for tertiary collimators instead of Tungsten alloy. Need for Sixtrack/Fluka simulations to confirm effective cleaning efficiency of Mo instead of W alloy.
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N. Mariani – CERN 1119 August 2013
Conclusions Mo-Gr (eventually Mo-coated) looks like the best choice for future primary and
secondary collimators.
It is recommended to prosecute with the development, industrialization and characterization of MoGr.
Additional in-house testing equipment to be acquired (Laser Flash, Dilatometer, …)
Proposal for possible time-schedule: Oct-Nov ‘13: Sintering furnace optimization.
End of ‘13: Production of a representative “large” MoGr piece (~140x40x20 mm).
Dec ‘13: Additional samples for radiation hardness tests in BNL.
Early ‘14: Development and manufacturing of Mo-cladded MoGr.
Nov ‘13 – Jun ‘14: Detailed characterization, including:
Thermal properties up to high T (dilatometry, calorimetry and thermal diffusivity)
Electrical properties (electrical conductivity, dedicated RF tests, …)
Static and Dynamic mechanical properties,
Radiation damage resistance.
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N. Mariani – CERN 12
Thank you for your attention!
Questions?
19 August 2013