engineering@iengineering@iowaowa

engineering@iengineering@iowaowa

Designing a Better Quality of Life and Designing a Better Quality of Life and Economy for Iowa CommunitiesEconomy for Iowa Communities

Iowa Values Vision

We need a broader vision of value fund

Value added of course! But build upon – “value based” Sustainable Socially just Healthy (human and environmental

perspectives)

Aligns well with current thinking– but is a level above

Biotech – renewable, green, Health Advanced manufacturing Etc.

Companies that might be interested

Mid America Genecor Rockwell Others…..

A Good Environment and Economy Go Hand-in-Hand Triple Bottom Line

(Elkington, 1998): Economy Environment Social

considerations (culture, equity, quality of life)

State Opportunities Energy production

(from coal, biomass, wind, hydrogen..)

Transportation fuels (ethanol from corn, biodiesel from soy beans)

Recreation (fishing, hunting, boating)

Manufacturing, shipping

Biotechnology, pharmaceuticals

Markets and commodity exchanges

Carbon sequestration

This Idea links together our interests in research and teaching with economic elements – but in a economic environment manner.

Pollution prevention internships (DNR/industries big and small)

PEDE Carbon trading Engineers without boarders…, turn

it around…

Sustainable Futures

Definition of Sustainability: The design of human and industrial systems to ensure that the use of natural resources does not lead to diminished quality of life due either to losses in future economic opportunities or to adverse environmental impacts.

We must design human and industrial systems which do not lead to the impoverishment of plants, animals, and future generations of all ethnic backgrounds.

Sustainability Principles

SustainabilityIssues

Economic SustainabilityProfitResourcesEmployment

Societal SustainabilityRacial/Gender Diversity

Social justice, Equity

Environmental SustainabilityHuman health

Environmental impactsEcosystem health

Biodiversity

Sustainability Metrics: What gets measured, gets managed, and what gets managed can be improved

Ecosystem Health and Biodiversity: A large biodiversity is an indicator of the age of an ecosystem and its health. We should strive to preserve the treasure house of genetic material as it is the major driving force of evolution. Ecosystem health will be estimated from environmental indices such as: (1) impacts of toxic chemicals on food wed elements (e.g., green algae, daphnid, earthworm and fish), (2) Great Lakes contribution to global warming, (3) Great Lakes contribution to ozone depletion, and (4) Great Lakes contribution acid rain and deposition, (5) smog formation, (6) and endocrine disruption.

Human Health: We need to ensure a good life quality for all people regardless of their race, and heritage. They all should be allowed to lead useful and productive lives. We will predict indexes for (7) human non-carcinogenic ingestion and (8) human non-carcinogenic inhalation toxicity (e.g. asthma), (9) human carcinogenic ingestion and (10) human carcinogenic inhalation toxicity.

Sustainability Metrics: What gets measured, gets managed, and what gets managed can be improved

Biological and Manufacturing Production: Sustainable biological production is necessary for long term survival. (e.g., agriculture and forestry). We will develop indexes for (11) agricultural and forest soil erosion, (12) water use for irrigation, (13) fertilizer use, (14) pesticide use and toxicity, (15) forest growth, (16) forest land acreage, and (17) forest yield. Resources Utilization: Natural Resources must be used responsibly and the needs of future generations must be considered. We will develop indexes to track the utilization of natural resources in support of the five major industries which form the basis of this proposal. These indexes will reflect known reserves, production, and utilization rates of (18) iron ore, (19) other mineral resources, (20) crude oil and natural gas, (21) forest resources, (22) recycling of materials and (23) surface and

ground water resources.

Sustainable Futures implies choices

• How do we consider those choices?

• More coal-fired power plants? Nuclear power? Renewables? Biomass? Hydrogen fuel cells?

• Sustainable Fisheries & Agriculture?

• What should the Great Lakes look like in 50 yrs?

• Learn about the present while exploring the future

– Environmental visioning

Imagine what is possible…..

Environmental Visioning

• Environmental visioning at the regional level poses many challenges

• Stakeholder participation, scale issues and jurisdictions are complicated

• Organize, Plan, Enact &Assess-an iterative process

Imagine what is possible…..

Using Markets: Pollution Allowances Trading

We are already working with farmers, utilities, and brokers to establish a nascent market

Farmers plant trees or sequester carbon in soils and models help to document it

Chicago Climate Exchange is establishing an initial market

Carbon dioxide at ~$1/ton now but expected to be at least $10/ton CO2 within few years

Government program is needed; cap and trade system works best

“Engineers without Borders”

The road forward…. Develop the vision…. Implication for CoE/UI research/curriculum Implication for Private Sector Its not (only) an environmental vision! Care to distinguish the plan from (activism…) One outcome could be an Iowa Institute for

Sustainable Industry – focused on helping industry/state in small and big ways…, add this element to existing activities when possible…

CoE actions …..

CoE Idea Incubator

Goal: to facilitate focused, strategic, and forward-looking discussions of future research directions and opportunities.The possibilities are left up to your imagination!

Long Term Aspiration: Create an Advanced Studies Institute

Viral Insecticide Research

Caterpillars are the most destructive insects to agricultural crops and trees [1]. Corn, soybeans, cotton Douglas fir and pine

1997 - 3.7 Billion dollars spent on chemical insecticides [2].

1. World Wide Web, http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/compendium/butter~1.html accessed 11/01

2. World Wide Web, http://www.epa.gov/oppbead1/pestsales/97pestsales/table2.htm, accessed 7/02

Larvae Spodoptera frugiperda

engineering@iowaengineering@iowa

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Resistant

Species

(Number)

600

500

400

300

200

100

Insect Resistance to Chemical Insecticides

Neonicotinoids ‘95

Pyrethroids ‘78

Carbamates ‘72

Organophosphates ‘65

DTT/Cyclodienes ‘46

I. Denholm, G.L. Devine, M.S. Williamson, 2002, Science, Vol 297, pg 2222-2223.

Baculovirus Safety

Will not infect beneficial species; honeybees, lady bugs, etc.

Typical cole slaw serving = 1.12 x 108 polyhedra

Endocytosed by some mammalian cells - viral proteins are not replicated When virus has mammalian promoters (eg.

SV40) then recombinant proteins are produced

The Baculoviruses, 1997, New York, Miller, L. editor, 371

Baculovirus Polyhedra

Alternative to chemical insecticides Natural pathogen to destructive

caterpillars

Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) infects the most destructive caterpillars: Spodoptera sp. Trichoplusia sp. Bombyx sp.

Polymers from Furfural

O

H

O

Biomass combustion product Project goals

Develop high-temperature polymers Replace formaldehyde as cross-linker in soy

protein-based plastics

Co-investigators:Gary Aurand & Julie Jessop

Chemical & Biochemical EngineeringSponsor:

Iowa Energy Center

Emulsion Photopolymerization of Synthetic Monomers onto Corn Starch

Biodegradable, renewable resource Project strategies

Reduce side reactions Control temperature and viscosity Use less energy during processing Decouple thermal processing and chemical reaction

Principal Investigator:Julie Jessop

Chemical & Biochemical EngineeringSponsor:

Iowa Energy Center O

OHO

HHO

CH2OH

O

OHO

HHO

CH2OH

CH2OH

HOH

OOH

O

Convert low-value organic matter into valuable products.Holy Grail – cheaply produce glucose from cellulose.Cellulose or starch feedstock have been liquefied in supercritical and near-critical water in a continuous flow tubular reactor. The reactions were performed without catalyst addition at ~5000 psig with reactor exit temperatures ranging from 200°C to 400°C (τ = ~1-2 minutes). Under these conditions, cellulose and starch undergo hydrolysis into glucose, followed by conversion into levoglucosan, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde and other products. With, glucose dehydration and decomposition products predominate at supercritical temperatures. At temperatures below 300C, significant glucose yields (~35%) are obtained .

Fermentability of the glucose-rich effluent is being studied. More analysis of the many species of the products will be performed to close the mass balance.

The effect of temperature profile on the product distribution will be studied to improve the yield of glucose.

New reactors will be built which are designed for detailed kinetic studies.

engineering@iowaengineering@iowaengineering@iowaengineering@iowa

Program for Program for Enhanced Design Enhanced Design ExperienceExperience

• Exposing students in a team-Exposing students in a team-based setting to solve real-based setting to solve real-world industrial problemsworld industrial problems

Deere-DubuqueDeere-Dubuque AlcoaAlcoaGeneral Electric General Electric HON Industries HON Industries MaytagMaytagMonsantoMonsantoPellaPellaRockwell CollinsRockwell Collins

www.engineering.uiowa.edwww.engineering.uiowa.eduu

Production of Baculovirus

Larval Production Inexpensive Each Larvae Requires Individual Attention

Batch Insect Cell Culture Expensive Repeated Reactor Set-up and Viral Stock

Preparation Continuous Insect Cell Culture

Unstable

Goal: Develop a Stable Continuous Production System Without Mutant Accumulation

Involves a combination of molecular biology and bioreactor design to overcome mutant accumulation

Cell Growth

Virus Infection

FreshMedium Cells

BaculovirusBiopesticide