Engines-A Brief Report

INTRODUCTION TERMINOLOGY

MEDIVAL TIME INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

TYPES OF ENGINES HEAT ENGINE

COMBUSTION ENGINE NON-COMBUSTION ENGINE

ELECTRIC ENGINE TWO STROKE ENGINE

INTRODUCTION WORKING

FOUR STROKE ENGINE INTRODUCTION WORKING

A COMPARISON- FERRARI VS. LAMBORGHINI

Content

An engine or a motor is a machine designed to convert energy into useful mechanical motion.

Heat engines including internal and external combustion engines burn a fuel to create heat, which then creates motion.

Electrical engines convert electrical energy into mechanical motion. In biological systems, molecular motors like myosins in muscles use chemical energy to create motion.

INTRODUCTION

Engine was originally a term for any mechanical device used to convert force into motion. Hence pre-industrial weapons such as catapults and battering rams were called siege engines.

It is basically derived from Latin term “ingenium”. Most of the inventions during the industrial revolution were known as engine, example- steam engine.

In modern usage, the term engine  typically describes devices, like steam engines and internal combustion engines, that burn or otherwise consume fuel to perform mechanical work

TERMINOLOGY

More complex engines using human power, animal power, water power, wind power and even steam power date back to antiquity.

Human power was focused by the use of simple engines, such as thecapstan, windlass or treadmill, and with ropes, pulleys, and block and tackle arrangements.

This power was transmitted usually with the forces multiplied and the speed reduced. These were used in cranes and aboard ships in Ancient Greece, as well as in mines, water pumps and siege engines in Ancient Rome.

MEDIVAL TIMES

The Watt steam engine was the first type of steam engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to drive the piston helped by a partial vacuum.

Improving on the design of the 1712 Newcomen steam engine, the Watt steam engine, developed sporadically from 1763 to 1775, was a great step in the development of the steam engine.

Later development led to steam locomotives and great expansion of railway transportation.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

In this presentation basically, two types of engines are being discussed-

Heat engine=in thermodynamics, the heat engine performs the work of converting heat into mechanical energy. It does this by lowering down the temperature of a working substance

Electric engine= An electric motor uses electrical energy to produce mechanical energy, usually through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors. The reverse process is accomplished by a generator or dynamo. 

TYPES OF ENGINES

Heat engines are basically of two types- Combustion engine= Combustion engines are heat engines

driven by the heat of a combustion process. They are further divided into two types- internal and external combustion engines.

Non-combustion engine=Some engines convert heat from non combustive processes into mechanical work, for example a nuclear power plant uses the heat from the nuclear reaction to produce steam and drive a steam engine, or a gas turbine in a rocket engine may be driven by decomposing hydrogen peroxide.

HEAT ENGINE

It is an engine which generates mechanical power by combustion of fuel.

They are basically of two types- Internal combustion engines- In this

engine, the fuel occurs with an oxidizer(air) in a chamber i.e. an internal part of the working fluid flow. E.g.-petrol engine-Specifically two stroke and four stroke

External combustion engine-it is an engine where working fluid is heated by combustion through an external source. E.g.- steam engine

Combustion engines

In this type of engine, the power is not generated by combustion of fuel.

In solar engine there are solar cells which creates power.

The electric engine is based on electromagnetic induction and creates power.eg- windmills electric engines.

Non combustion engines

An electric motor/engine uses electrical energy to produce mechanical energy, usually through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors.  

Electric motors are found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives.

The smallest motors may be found in electric wristwatches. Medium-size motors of highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial uses. The very largest electric motors are used for propulsion of large ships,

ELECTRIC ENGINE

TWO STROKE ENGINE

 Two-stroke, two-cycle, or two-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle in only one crankshaft revolution and with two strokes, or up and down movements, of the piston 

Two-stroke engines often provide high power-to-weight ratio, usually in a narrow range of rotational speeds called the "power band“.

compared to 4-stroke engines, two strokes have a greatly reduced number of moving parts, are more compact and significantly lighter.

The first commercial two-stroke engine involving in-cylinder compression is attributed to Scottish engineer Dugald Clerk, who in 1881 patented his design, his engine having a separate charging cylinder

INTRODUCTION

WORKING

1ST STEP 2ND STEP 3RD STEP

FOUR STROKE ENGINE

Animation showing the four stages of the four-stroke combustion engine cycle:1. Induction (Fuel enters)2. Compression3. Ignition (Fuel is burnt)4. Emission (Exhaust out)

A four-stroke engine (also known as four-cycle) is an internal combustion engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes—intake, compression, power, and exhaust—during two separate revolutions of the engine's crankshaft, and one single thermodynamic cycle.

There are two common types of four-stroke engines. The earliest of these to be developed is the Otto

cycle engine developed in 1876 by Nikolaus August Otto in Cologne, Germany, after the operation principle described by Alphonse Beau de Rochas.

The second type of four-stroke engine is the Diesel engine developed in 1893 by Rudolph Diesel. Diesel created his engine to improve efficiency compared with the Otto engine The diesel engine is made in both a two-stroke and a four-stroke version. Otto's company, Deutz AG, now primarily produces diesel engines.

INTRODUCTION

WORKING

Starting position, intake stroke, and compression stroke.

Ignition of fuel, power stroke, and exhaust stroke.

And Finally……………

The big showdown

WHO WILL WIN?OPEL vs. LAMBORGHINI

VS

THE END…….?