EnglandEngland

is a country that is part of the is a country that is part of the

United Kingdom, United Kingdom,

which is also known as thewhich is also known as the

United Kingdom of Great United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandBritain and Northern Ireland

SYMBOLS:SYMBOLS:

The The national flagnational flag of England, known of England, known as St. George's Crossas St. George's Cross

The Royal Standard

The The Tudor roseTudor rose, England's , England's national floral emblemnational floral emblem

Motto: "God and my right"

The name The name "England""England" is is derived from the Old derived from the Old

English wordEnglish word EnglalandEnglaland, , which means "land of the which means "land of the Angles". The Angles were Angles". The Angles were

one of the Germanic one of the Germanic tribes that settled in tribes that settled in

England during the Early England during the Early Middle Ages.Middle Ages.

It is a country blessed with It is a country blessed with a long history, a rich a long history, a rich culture and an ever-culture and an ever-

varied landscape. varied landscape. Prehistoric temples, Prehistoric temples,

Roman cities and Roman cities and Medieval castles lie side Medieval castles lie side

by side with ruined by side with ruined abbeys, stately palaces abbeys, stately palaces and humble cottages.and humble cottages.

LANGUAGELANGUAGEAs its name suggests, the English As its name suggests, the English

language, today spoken by hundreds language, today spoken by hundreds of millions of people around the world, of millions of people around the world, originated as the language of Englandoriginated as the language of England

Distribution of the English languageDistribution of the English language

EDUCATIONEDUCATION

After finishing compulsory education, After finishing compulsory education, pupils take a pupils take a GCSE (General GCSE (General

Certificate of Secondary Education)Certificate of Secondary Education) examination, following which they may examination, following which they may decide to continue in further education decide to continue in further education and attend a further education college.and attend a further education college.

The most well-known universities of The most well-known universities of England are…England are…

Christ Church, Christ Church, University of OxfordUniversity of Oxford

King's College, King's College, University of University of CambridgeCambridge

Prominent English figures from Prominent English figures from the field of science and the field of science and

mathematicsmathematics Sir Isaac Newton - developed the ideas Sir Isaac Newton - developed the ideas

of universal gravitationof universal gravitation

Michael FaradayMichael Faraday Robert HookeRobert Hooke Charles Darwin, whose name is related Charles Darwin, whose name is related

to the theory of evolutionto the theory of evolution

Many ancient standing stone Many ancient standing stone monuments were erected during the monuments were erected during the prehistoric period, amongst the best prehistoric period, amongst the best known are known are StonehengeStonehenge

ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE

It was the Romans who founded the first cities and towns It was the Romans who founded the first cities and towns such as London, Bath, York, Chester and St Albans.such as London, Bath, York, Chester and St Albans.

Palace of WestminsterPalace of Westminster, , the seat of the Parliament the seat of the Parliament of the United Kingdomof the United Kingdom

St. Paul's CathedralSt. Paul's Cathedral, English Baroque

The Broadway TowerThe Broadway Tower is a folly, is a folly,or mock tower, in Worcestershireor mock tower, in Worcestershire

FolkloreFolkloreEnglish folklore developed over many centuries. Some of

the characters and stories are present across England, but most belong to specific regions. Common folkloric beings include giants, elfs, trolls, goblins and dwarves.

The legend from after the Norman invasion: Robin Hood and his Merry Men of Sherwood and their battles with the Sheriff of Nottingham is, perhaps, the best known.

Tales originating from Brythonic traditionsentered English folklore, such as the Arthurian myth, featuring King Arthur, Camelot, Excalibur, Merlin and the Knights of the Round Table such as Lancelot.

LITERATURE, POETRY AND LITERATURE, POETRY AND PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY

Early authors wrote in Latin; the period of Old Early authors wrote in Latin; the period of Old English literature provided the epic poem English literature provided the epic poem BeowulfBeowulf, the secular prose of the Anglo-Saxon , the secular prose of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.Chronicle.

William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare ( (Romeo and JulietRomeo and Juliet, , HamletHamlet, , MacbethMacbeth, , A Midsummer Night's Dream)A Midsummer Night's Dream)

remains one of the most championed remains one of the most championed authors in English literature.authors in English literature.

Authors from around the time of the Victorian era Authors from around the time of the Victorian era include include Dickens, Brontë sisters, Jane Austen, Dickens, Brontë sisters, Jane Austen, Rudyard Kipling, Thomas HardyRudyard Kipling, Thomas Hardy and many others. and many others.

SPORTINGSPORTING

Inside Wembley Stadium, the most Inside Wembley Stadium, the most expensive stadium ever built.expensive stadium ever built.

England has a strong sporting heritage, England has a strong sporting heritage, and during the 19th century codified and during the 19th century codified many sports that are now played many sports that are now played around the world. Sports originating around the world. Sports originating in England include: footbal, cricket, in England include: footbal, cricket, rugby, tennis, badminton, squash, rugby, tennis, badminton, squash, hockey, boxing, snooker, billiards, hockey, boxing, snooker, billiards, curling, darts, table tennis, bowls, curling, darts, table tennis, bowls, horseracing and fox hunting. horseracing and fox hunting.

FootballFootball is the most popular of these is the most popular of these sports.sports.