England and France England and France DevelopDevelop

AimAim: How did the development of : How did the development of France and England lead to democratic France and England lead to democratic

traditions?traditions?Do NowDo Now: What role did the guilds play : What role did the guilds play

in the High Middle Ages?in the High Middle Ages?

Early InvasionsEarly Invasions In the early 800s, Britain In the early 800s, Britain

was constantly attacked was constantly attacked by Vikingsby Vikings

Alfred the Great, king Alfred the Great, king from 871 to 899, was able from 871 to 899, was able to turn back the Viking to turn back the Viking invasionsinvasions

Alfred and his successors Alfred and his successors united the kingdom under united the kingdom under one rule, calling it Englandone rule, calling it England

Early Invasions (continued)Early Invasions (continued)

In 1016, the Danish king Canute In 1016, the Danish king Canute conquered England and combined Anglo-conquered England and combined Anglo-Saxons and Vikings into one peopleSaxons and Vikings into one people

In 1042, King Edward the Confessor, a In 1042, King Edward the Confessor, a descendant of Alfred the Great, took the descendant of Alfred the Great, took the thronethrone

Edward died in January 1066 without an Edward died in January 1066 without an heirheir

This led to power struggle of the throneThis led to power struggle of the throne

The Norman ConquestThe Norman Conquest William the Conqueror, duke of Normandy, was William the Conqueror, duke of Normandy, was

King Edward’s cousin King Edward’s cousin He claimed the throne of EnglandHe claimed the throne of England He invaded England with a Norman armyHe invaded England with a Norman army Harold Godwinson, an Anglo-Saxon, also claimed Harold Godwinson, an Anglo-Saxon, also claimed

the thronethe throne October 14, 1066: The Normans and the Saxons October 14, 1066: The Normans and the Saxons

fought the Battle of Hastingsfought the Battle of Hastings The Normans won the battle and William declared The Normans won the battle and William declared

all England his personal propertyall England his personal property The English lords who supported Harold lost their The English lords who supported Harold lost their

landslands William granted fiefs to about 200 Norman lords William granted fiefs to about 200 Norman lords

who swore oaths of loyalty to him who swore oaths of loyalty to him This became the foundation of a centralized This became the foundation of a centralized

government in Englandgovernment in England

Harold takes an Arrow to Harold takes an Arrow to the Eyethe Eye

Bayeaux Tapestry tells of Bayeaux Tapestry tells of the Norman Invasionthe Norman Invasion

England’s GovernmentEngland’s Government

William the Conqueror’s descendants William the Conqueror’s descendants owned land in both England and Franceowned land in both England and France

The English King Henry II added to The English King Henry II added to these lands by marrying Eleanor of these lands by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine of FranceAquitaine of France

Future English kings tried to add to their Future English kings tried to add to their lands in France and strengthen their lands in France and strengthen their power over the nobles and the Churchpower over the nobles and the Church

Monarchs, Nobles, and the Monarchs, Nobles, and the Common LawCommon Law

Henry II ruled England from 1154-1189Henry II ruled England from 1154-1189 He strengthened the royal courts of justice by He strengthened the royal courts of justice by

sending royal sending royal judgesjudges to every part of England at to every part of England at least once a yearleast once a year

They collected They collected taxestaxes, settled , settled lawsuitslawsuits, and , and punished criminalspunished criminals

He also introduced He also introduced the jury system the jury system (12)(12) These judges established a unified body of laws These judges established a unified body of laws

known as known as common lawcommon law Common law Common law became the foundation of law in became the foundation of law in

many English-speaking countriesmany English-speaking countries

The Magna The Magna CartaCarta

King John ruled from 1199-King John ruled from 1199-12161216

John was not a military leader John was not a military leader and lost his lands in Franceand lost his lands in France

June 15, 1215: Facing a revolt, June 15, 1215: Facing a revolt, John agreed to the Magna John agreed to the Magna CartaCarta

The document guaranteed The document guaranteed basic political rights to the basic political rights to the noblesnobles

Trial by jury, no taxation Trial by jury, no taxation without representation, without representation, protection of the lawprotection of the law

The Magna Carta limited the The Magna Carta limited the power of the kingpower of the king

The Model ParliamentThe Model Parliament

In 1295, Edward I needed to raise taxes for a In 1295, Edward I needed to raise taxes for a war against Francewar against France

Edward summoned two burgesses (wealthy Edward summoned two burgesses (wealthy citizens) from every borough and two knights citizens) from every borough and two knights from every county to serve as a parliament from every county to serve as a parliament (legislature)(legislature)

In November 1295, knights, burgesses, In November 1295, knights, burgesses, bishops, and lords met at Westminster in bishops, and lords met at Westminster in LondonLondon

This became known as the Model ParliamentThis became known as the Model Parliament Commoners and lords served in the Commoners and lords served in the

ParliamentParliament

Capetian Dynasty Rules Capetian Dynasty Rules FranceFrance

French kings also looked to increase French kings also looked to increase their powertheir power

In 987, Hugh Capet succeeded the In 987, Hugh Capet succeeded the last Carolingian kinglast Carolingian king

Capet began the Capetian Dynasty of Capet began the Capetian Dynasty of French kings that ruled France from French kings that ruled France from 987 to 1328987 to 1328

France Becomes a Separate France Becomes a Separate KingdomKingdom

For the next 200 years, For the next 200 years, Capetian kings tightened Capetian kings tightened their grip on French territoriestheir grip on French territories

Eventually, French kings Eventually, French kings would unite all of Francewould unite all of France

Philip II Expands His PowerPhilip II Expands His Power

Philip II, or Philip Augustus, created a Philip II, or Philip Augustus, created a strong strong central governmentcentral government

He established royal officials known He established royal officials known as as bailiffsbailiffs

BailiffsBailiffs were sent to every district in were sent to every district in the kingdom to collect taxes and the kingdom to collect taxes and preside over the king’s courtspreside over the king’s courts

Philip II’s HeirsPhilip II’s Heirs

Louis IX further strengthened France’s Louis IX further strengthened France’s central central governmentgovernment

He created an He created an appeals court appeals court that could overturn that could overturn the decisions of local courtsthe decisions of local courts

These courts strengthened the monarchy and These courts strengthened the monarchy and weakened feudal tiesweakened feudal ties

Philip IV ruled France from 1285-1314Philip IV ruled France from 1285-1314 In a plot to get wider support for a disagreement In a plot to get wider support for a disagreement

with the pope, Philip included commoners in a with the pope, Philip included commoners in a meeting of lords and bishopsmeeting of lords and bishops

The Estates GeneralThe Estates General

Church leaders = First EstateChurch leaders = First Estate Lords/nobles = Second EstateLords/nobles = Second Estate Commoners = Third EstateCommoners = Third Estate These three classes became known as the These three classes became known as the

Estates GeneralEstates General It helped to increase royal power against It helped to increase royal power against

the nobilitythe nobility It did not limit the power of the monarchy It did not limit the power of the monarchy

(unlike Parliament)(unlike Parliament)