8/6/2019 engleza_reguli_gramaticale.[conspecte.md] (1)

1/4

T E N S E S

PRESENT

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect ContinuousV la forma initiala

Usually

Often

Every Always

[?] do? does?

Am/are/is + V _ing

Now

[+] I am playing.[-] Im not playing.[?] Am I playing?

Have/has + V3[!!] nu se indica cinde rezultatul.

Just Ever

Never

For ages

Since

Already

Yet

Today

This

Have been + V_ing

Since

For

[X]: to be, feel, see,hear, understand,recognize, forget,know, love, like,have(ca posesie).-nuse formeazacontinuous

Nu e precizat pinacind continuaactiunea

PAST

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect ContinuousV + _ed // V2

Last week

Yesterday

Ago

Just now [!!]

[?] Did?

Was/were + V_ing

Yesterday

While

Whole

When

From

Till

Ex: I was sleepingwhen mother camehome.

Had + V3 //P.simple

By

Before

After

2 actiuni terminateuna inaintea alteia.

Had been + V_ing

Since

For

O actiune inceputa intrecut ce a duratpina acum/ care ainceput si a durat

pina la alta actiune intrecut

FUTURE

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect ContinuousShall/will + V (gr I)

Tomorrow

Next

Following

[-] shall not shant

will not wont[?] shal/will + ..(pronume)

Will be + V_ing

Tomorrow at

When

From

Till At

[-] .. will not be V_ing.[?] will .. be V_ing?

Will have + V3

By

Este o actiune careva fi terminate pina

la alta actiune inviitor.

Will have been +V_ing

Passive Voice - ( to be + V3 )

ACTIVE Voice PASSIVE VoicePr.SPr.CPr.P

I watch a film.I am watching a film.

I have watched a film.

Pr.SPr.CPr.P

A film is watched by me.A film is being watched by me.

A film has been watched by me.

P.SP.CP.P

I watched a film.I was watching a film.

I had watched a film.

P.SP.CP.P

A film was watched by me.A film was being watched by me.

A film had been watched by me.

F. I will watch a film. F. A film will be watched by me.

8/6/2019 engleza_reguli_gramaticale.[conspecte.md] (1)

2/4

Reported / Indirect SpeechHe says: She loves me {1}Past S : {2} Pr.S P.S Nuse schimba

He says (that) she loves him. (doar) Pr.C P.CP.P.C

Pr.P P.PP.P

He said: She loves me P.S P.PP.C PS + PC

He said (that) she loved him. F. F - in the past.Conditionalul II, III

Conditionals Subjonctive Mood (wish, if only)0. If general truth [Pr.S]I wish + P.S (regrets about

something in the present)

1. IfPr.S will + V(infinitive) [P.S]I wish + P.P (regrets for unlikely orimpossible things in the past)

2. IfP.S would+ V(infinitive) -Use if onlyinstead ofI wish with the sameuse of tenses.

3.IfP.P would have + V3 [regret past]

4. ifP.P would + V(infinitive)

Supositional MoodThat(.) should (Pr.S) ex: It is necessary (that) ypu should know this thing.Is used after the Expresions:- is necessary- is advisable- is ordered- sugest

Future in the past

He will come He said (that) he would come. -In propozitiile cu 2 actiuni cu viitor, in partea secundara dupa cuvintele:if when assoon as before after untila!iigfise foloseastePresent Simple.

Plural Nouns (latin) Transformari:-us -i { R/I Speech } todaythat day

-is -es tomorrowthenext/following day

-a -ae yesterdaythe daybefore

-on -a thisthat

-um -a thesethose-ex/ -ix -ices herethere

agobefore

nowthen

Modal VerbsModal verbs give additional information about the mood of the main verb that follows it. In otherwords, they help to incorporate or add the level of necessity:(must= obligation, requirement, no choice);(should= recommendation);(can /could= it is possible);(may /might= option, choice).(used to + Vinf= obisnuinta in trecut);

(to be used to + Ving = obisnuinta in present);(get used to + V3 = dupa o intimplare)

Phrasal Verbs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb

8/6/2019 engleza_reguli_gramaticale.[conspecte.md] (1)

3/4

Phrasal Verbs are commonly used combination ofverb + preposition or verb + adverbparticle:

(eg: to get up, to listen to, to congratulate on, to participate in, to depend on, etc).

Sometimes the primary meaning of a verb is completely changed. In such way a new verb isformed which may have a totally different idiomatic meaning or even several meanings.

Adjective or AdverbAn adjectivetells us more about a noun.We use adjectives before nouns and after a few verbs:to look to feel

to be to taste to smell to seem.

An adverb tells us more about a verb. It tells us in what way someone does something or in whatway something happens. We also use adverbs before adjectives and other adverbs (eg: terriblysorry incredibly easy).

You can use an adverb before apast participle (eg: totally disappointed seriously surprised).

Order of Adjectives

Noundeterminers, possessivenouns &theirmodifiers.

Ordinals;only

Enumerators; many,other

Descriptiveadjectives

Little

Old

New

Color Categorizingadjectives

Nounadjuncts

Headnoun ofCompound

thefirst three small new whit

e

suburban brick houses

this nextother famous little red English silk dress

my dads lastfive fine old blac

knaval leathe

rbelts

The with the Geographical Nouns with water use The, but lakesEx : Baikal is deep / The Lake Baikal is deep.

Tot ce este pe uscat fara articole in afara de insule si deserturi

- un grup de insule cu articol- o insula fara articolExceptii: The UK, The USA, The Ukraine, The USSR, The Vatican, The Netherlands,The Congo, The Crimea, The Hague

Lant de munti cu articolUn pisc fara articol

GerundIt is the form of the verb that combines the characteristics of a noun and a verb; and isnonfinite with the ending ing

Active PasiveSimple

Gerund

I hate washing. (actiuni

concomitente)

I hate being washed.

PerfectGerund

I deny having washed my cat. I deny having been washed by my cat.

The verbs we usw gerund after: The verbs used with prepositions

8/6/2019 engleza_reguli_gramaticale.[conspecte.md] (1)

4/4

To avoid, to burst out , cant help , to

deny. to enjoy, to excuse, to finish , to

forgive, to give up , to go on , to keep on,

to mind, to postpone , to put of, to stop

To accuse of, to agree to, to approve of, to

be afraid of, to congratulate on, to depend

on, to dream of, to feel like, to insist on, to

look forward to, to object to, to persist in,

to prevent from, to succeed in, to suspect

of, to thank for, to think of

Idiomatic Expressions with Prepositions

agree to a proposal, with a person, on a price, in principle

argue about a matter, with a person, for or against a proposition

compare to to show likenesses, with to show differences (sometimes

similarities)

correspond to a thing, with a person

differ from an unlike thing, with a person

live at an address, in a house or city, on a street, with other people

InfinitiveACTIVE PASIVE

Simple To write To be written

Continuous To be writing -----------Perfect To have written To have been writtenPerfectContinuous

To have been writing -----------

Bare InfinitiveIs used after

auxiliary verbs

modal verbs, except ought

verbs denoting sence perception: to hear, to see, to feel, to watch, etc.

verb to let

to make (to make smb to do smth) and to have (to cause smb to do smth)

to bid

to know (to see, to observe)

the expressions had better, would rather, would sooner, cannot but, nothingbut, cannot choose but