english 10 grammar & writing #12 mr. rinka participial phrases toefl vocabulary list #7

English 10 Grammar & Writing #12

Mr. Rinka

Participial PhrasesTOEFL Vocabulary List #7

Participial Phrase

Verbals are formed from verbs but function as other parts of speech. The three verbals are:ParticiplesGerunds Infinitives

Regular Verbs

Regular verbs form their past and past participle forms by adding –d or –ed to the base form.Base Form

Present Participle

Past Past Participle

talk (is) talking talked (have) talked

play (is) playing played (have) played

use (is) using used (have) used

Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs form their past and past participle forms differently.Base Form

Present Participle


break (is) breaking broke (have) broken

send (is) sending sent (have) sent

know (is) knowing known (have) known

Irregular Verbs

Base Form Present Participle


begin (is) beginning began (have) begun

blow (is) blowing blew (have) blown

break (is) breaking broke (have) broken

bring (is) bringing brought (have) brought

burst (is) bursting burst (have) burst

choose (is) choosing chose (have) chosen

come (is) coming came (have) come

dive (is) diving dove (have) dived

do (is) doing did (have) done

draw (is) drawing drew (have) drawn

Irregular Verbs



drink (is) drinking drank (have) drunk

drive (is) driving drove (have) driven

eat (is) eating ate (have) eaten

fall (is) falling fell (have) fallen

freeze (is) freezing froze (have) frozen

give (is) giving gave (have) given

go (is) going went (have) gone

grow (is) growing grew (have) grown

hear (is) hearing heard (have) heard

know (is) knowing knew (have) known

Irregular Verbs

Base Form Present Participle Past Past Participleleave (is) leaving left (have) left

put (is) putting put (have) put

ride (is) riding rode (have) ridden

ring (is) ringing rang (have) rung

run (is) running ran (have) run

say (is) saying said (have) said

see (is) seeing saw (have) seen

send (is) sending sent (have) sent

shake (is) shaking shook (have) shaken

shrink (is) shrinking shrank (have) shrunk

Irregular Verbs



sing (is) singing sang (have) sung

sink (is) sinking sank (have) sunk

sleep (is) sleeping slept (have) slept

speak (is) speaking spoke (have) spoken

steal (is) stealing stole (have) stolen

sting (is) stinging stung (have) stung

strike (is) striking struck (have) struck

swear (is) swearing swore (have) sworn

swim (is) swimming swam (have) swum

take (is) taking took (have) taken

Irregular Verbs



teach (is) teaching taught (have) taught

tear (is) tearing tore (have) torn

think (is) thinking thought (have) thought

throw (is) throwing threw (have) thrown

wear (is) wearing wore (have) worn

write (is) writing wrote (have) written

Participles

A Participle is a verbal used as an adjective.

There are 2 types of Participles:Present ParticiplesPast Participles

Participles

Present Participle

Barking dogs can scare people away.

Past Participle

Shattered glass can be dangerous.

Present Participles

Present Participles end in –ing

The moving car almost hit the tree.

Don’t wake the sleeping baby.

Present Participles

Present Participles with a helping verb create a verb phrase.

The car was moving so fast it almost hit the tree.

The baby was sleeping quietly in the crib.

Present Participles

Present Participles with a helping verb create a verb phrase.The dog was barking.

A Participle alone is a verbal used as an adjective.The barking dog woke me up.

Past Participles

Past Participles usually end in –d or –ed. Some are irregularly formed.

The painted chair looked new.

Dad repaired the broken window.

Past Participles

Past Participles with a helping verb create a verb phrase.

The chair was painted recently.

The window was broken yesterday .

Participial Phrase

Past Participles with a helping verb create a verb phrase.Mother had peeled an apple for us.

A Past Participle alone can be a verbal used as an adjective.We ate the peeled apple.

Participles

Steve turned off the running motor.

The teacher read the finished essay.

We were looking for the lost wallet.

Find the Participles

The laughing children were having fun. We recognized the passing car.We could not eat the spoiled meat.All standing passengers must sit down.It is hard to hit a moving target.They were looking for the lost kitten.A written note was lying on the desk. We took pictures of the smiling child.

Participle Phrase

A Participle Phrase is a phrase that contains a participle (present or past) and its complements or modifiers. This phrase acts as an adjective.

Sitting by the fire, I fell asleep.

Shocked by the news, we were speechless.

Participle Phrase

I saw my friend walking down the road.

walking = present participlewalking down the road = participle phrase that describes frienddown the road = prepositional phrase within participle phrase

Participle Phrase

Surprised by the gift, my mother was speechless.

Surprised = past participleSurprised by the gift = participle phrase that describes motherby the gift = prepositional phrase within participle phrase

Participle Phrase

This is information known to many people.

known = past participle (irregular)known to many people= participle phrase that describes informationto many people = prepositional phrase within participle phrase

Find the Participle Phrasehttp://members.cox.net/lenco1/grammarpractice/participle/phrase.htm

Working in the lab, the scientist created a robot.

Early films were still pictures projected on a wall.

Moving pictures came later.

http://members.cox.net/lenco1/grammarpractice/participle/phrase.htm


Food sealed in cans was given to the campers.

Quickly frozen food is necessary to preserve the freshness.

Coming into the room, the boy threw his books on the desk.



Joe, searching for the code, was really excited.

Pork and beans canned in tomato sauce is my favorite.

Relaxing on his back patio, Jeff fell asleep.


Placement of Participial Phrases

A Participial Phrase that does not clearly describe (modify) a word or words in the same sentence is called a “dangling participial.”


Working quickly, the job was finished in two hours. (Who worked quickly?)

Working quickly, my friend and I finished the job in two hours. (Correct)


Lying on the beach, it was a relaxing and stress free day. (Who was lying on the beach?)

Lying on the beach, I enjoyed a relaxing and stress free day. (Correct)


Covered with snow, it was hard to walk outside. (What was covered with snow?)

It was hard to walk on the road covered with snow. (correct)


Left alone at home, it was a long and scary night. (Who was left alone at home?)

Left alone at home, I spent a long and scary night. (correct)


When a Participle Phrase starts a sentence, it should be followed by a comma, and then the word it modifies.

Trying to find my house, Juan needed a map with directions.


Prepared for bad weather, I was not bothered by the rain.

Chosen for the solo, Kim practiced her song every day.


A Participial Phrase that appears to modify the wrong word or group of words in a sentence is called a “misplaced Participle.”


Lost three weeks ago, we found Steve’s wallet. (Awkward)

We found Steve’s wallet lost three weeks ago. (Better)


Thinking about his sick mom, it was hard for Joe to concentrate. (Awkward)

Thinking about his sick mom, Joe found it hard to concentrate. (Better)

Correct These Sentences

Changing the oil frequently, your car will run better.

Piled up in the corner of my room, I needed to wash my clothes.


Changing the oil frequently, your car will run better.

Changing the oil frequently, you can keep your car running better.


Piled up in the corner of my room, I needed to wash my clothes.

Piled up in the corner of my room, my clothes needed washing.


Looking from the mountain top, the view was spectacular.

I went to bed early exhausted by my long day.


Looking from the mountain top, the view of the valley was spectacular.

Looking from the mountain top, I had a spectacular view of the valley.


Jim went to bed early exhausted by his long day.

Exhausted by his long day, Jim went to bed early.


Broken during the move, I had to fix the new lamp.

The dog scared my friend barking so loudly.


Broken during the move, I had to fix the new lamp.

I had to fix the new lamp, broken during the move.


The dog scared my friend barking so loudly.

Barking so loudly, the dog scared my friend

Internet Exercises

http://www.towson.edu/ows/exerciseparticiples2.htm



TOEFL Vocabulary List #7

The following is a list of vocabulary words that often appear on the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) test.

http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm



TOEFL Vocabulary List #7http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm

dictionary (noun): a book of definitions

dict (say, speak) + ion (n. condition or action) + ary (related to)

Juliana looked up the word in the dictionary.




condition (noun): the state of something or someone

con (together, with) + dit (say, speak) + ion (n. action)

Is your car in good condition?




indicate (verb): to show, to point out

in (in, into) + dic (say, speak) + ate (v. cause to be)

The gas gauge indicates that we are almost out of gas.




dictate (verb): to speak for a person to record, to issue an order

dict (say, speak) + ate (v. cause to be)

The lawyer dictated the letter to her secretary.




predict (verb): to say what will happen in the future

pre (before) + dict (say, speak)

Joseph predicts that he will get married in ten years.




addict (verb): to be devoted to something in an obsessive manner

ad (to, toward) + dict (say, speak)

Leslie is addicted to betting on the horse races.




doctor (noun): a person who has earned the highest degree a university offers, a physician

doct (teach, prove) + or (n. person)

Andre is going to medical school so that he can be a doctor like his mother.




doctrine (noun): something that is taught, dogma

doctr (teach, prove) + ine (n. of the nature of)

We learned about the doctrine of "manifest destiny" in our American history class.




docile (adjective): obedient, easily taught

doc (teach, prove) + ile (adj. having the qualities of)

Mrs. Galindez wants to buy a docile dog for her son.




document (noun): an official paper

docu (teach, prove) + ment (n.result)

The library houses many government documents in its collection.




orthodox (adjective): holding conventional beliefs

ortho (straight) + dox (thought)

I don't know if my interpretation of that book is orthodox or not.




dogma (noun): an established opinion

dog (thought, idea) + ma

Some people find the dogma associated with that organization disturbing.



Flashcard Machine

http://www.flashcardmachine.com/machine/?read_only=1114606&p=4gp3




Dublin lay enveloped in darkness but for the dim light of the moonthat shone through the clouds. Here and there through the city, machineguns and rifles broke the silence of the night. Republicans and Free Staters were waging civil war. On a roof-top a Republican sniper lay watching. Beside him lay

his rifle and over his shoulders were slung a pair of field-glasses. His face was the face of a student, thin and ascetic, but his eyes had the cold gleam of the fanatic. They were deep and thoughtful, the eyes of a man who is used to looking at death. He was eating a sandwich hungrily. He had eaten nothing

since morning. Then he paused for a moment, considering whether he should risk a smoke. It was dangerous. The flash might be seen in the darkness,and there were enemies watching. He decided to take the risk. Placing a cigarette between his lips, he struck a match, inhaled the smoke

hurriedly and put out the light. Almost immediately, a bullet flattened itself against the parapet of the roof. The sniper took another whiff and put out the cigarette. Then he crawled away to the left.

English 10 Grammar & Writing #12

Mr. Rinka

Participial PhrasesTOEFL Vocabulary List #7

english 10 grammar & writing #12 mr. rinka participial phrases toefl vocabulary list #7

Documents

past participle forms

types of participles

helping verb

verb phrase

moving car

sleeping baby

participial phraseverbals

grammar writing