ENGLISH 51Monday, February 25, 2013Melissa Gunby

FREEWRITE Please respond to the following prompt: You are not here merely to make a

living. You are here in order to enable the world to live more amply, with greater vision, with a finer spirit of hope and achievement. You are here to enrich the world, and you impoverish yourself if you forget the errand. –Woodrow Wilson.

AGENDA FOR TODAY Group Presentation: Ender’s Game chapters

6-7 Group Presentation: Ender’s Game chapters

8-9

Quiz: Ender’s Game

If time, review of clauses and sentence combining

SENTENCE COMBININGFANBOYS, SUBs, and Transitions

INDEPENDENT CLAUSES (IC) Independent clauses have a subject and

verb, and can stand alone as a sentence She ran He spoke He spoke fluent English

DEPENDENT CLAUSES (DC) CANNOT stand alone as sentences, though

they will also contain a subject and verb When she ran Although he spoke fluent English

SANTA CLAUS

HOW TO TELL THE DIFFERENCE Independent clauses will sound complete. Dependent clauses will begin with a

connecting word, and won’t sound complete. Although When And Because After While Since

Santa Claus is a fat man in a red suit with a white beard.

WHY IT MATTERS Knowing the differences between the types

of clauses will help you to identify and correct your mistakes. Some of the most common errors (run-ons and fragments) are caused by joining clauses incorrectly.

FANBOYS = COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONSForAndNorOrYetSo FANBOYS coordinate Star Trek conventions

HOW THEY WORK FANBOYS are used to link independent

clauses (IC) together.

IC, FANBOYS IC

SUBS = SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS When you start a sentence with a SUB, it

won’t be complete. Although Because When If While

USING SUBS SUBs help us connect DCs to ICs. The punctuation depends on the order of the

sentence.

DC, IC

IC DC

You only need a comma if the DC comes first

TRANSITIONS Transitions work like SUBs and FANBOYS in

combining sentences, but they require extra punctuation to be grammatically correct.

Transitions will combine Ics. IC; trans, IC

Common words: However, therefore, thus, moreover, then,

also

REVIEW! With a partner, complete “Jim the Consumer”

on page 163-164

REVIEW

: MEC

HANICS

Spelling, n

umbers, c

apita

l lette

rs, et

c.

BECOMING A BET

TER

SPELLE

R

SPELLING Remember that spell check only tells you

that words are spelled incorrectly; spell check can’t tell you if you’ve used the correct word, like principal or principle.

CAPITALIZATIONRule 1: Proper Nouns:

Specific people’s names: Barack Obama, Johnny Depp, Maria Schriver.Capitalize a title when it comes before someone’s name (Senator Barbara Boxer) or when used instead of a name (Dad). Do not capitalize a title if it follows the name or refers to a general position.

Some specific titles always get capitalized: the Pop, President of the United States.

Capitalize titles that represent academic degrees or abbreviations for degrees, whether before or after a name (Dr. Sanjay Gupta; Sanjay Gupta, MD.)

RULE 2 Names of particular structures, special

events, monuments, etc: the Brooklyn Bridge, the Taj Mahal, the

Eiffel Tower, the World Series

Note: Only capitalize the common noun (lake, bridge, river) if that noun is part of the proper name (Lake Erie, Kings County).

RULE 3 Places and geographical regions: Saturn, Budapest, the Straits of

Magellan

Capitalize north, south, east, and west when they label regions, but not directions. “We’re driving to West Texas” is okay, but not “We’re going West on 80.”

RULE 4 Days of the week, months, and holidays Saturday, Monday, Cinco de Mayo,

Diwali, January

RULE 5 Historical Periods, Events, Documents, and

names of legal cases: the Industrial Revolution, the Battle of

Gettysburg, the Treaty of Versailles, Brown v. Board of Education

note: Court cases are italicized in your essay, but not in works cited.

RULE 6 Philosophic, Literary, and Artistic Movements: Naturalism, Dadaism, Neoclassicism,

etc.

RULE 7 Races, Ethnic Groups, Nationalities, and

Languages: African American, Latino/a, Korean,

Farsi, English

Note: when the words black and white are used to describe race, they have traditionally not been capitalized.

RULE 8 Religions and their followers: Islam, the Qur’an, Buddha, Jews, God

Note: It’s not necessary to capitalize pronouns referring to God, though some will consider it a sign of disrespect if you do not. A good rule of thumb is any time you’re invoking God as a religious figure to capitalize God and any pronouns used to refer to Him.

RULE 9 Specific Groups and Organizations the Democratic Party, the International

Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, the New York Yankees

Note: When the name of a group or organization is abbreviated, the abbreciation uses capital letters in place of capital words, and you do not need periods.

IBEW

RULE 10 Businesses, Government Agencies, and Other

Institutions: General Electric, Starbucks, Heald,

Lincoln High School, the Environmental Protection Agency, the United States of America

RULE 11 Brand Names and Words Formed from Them Velcro, Coke, Post-it

Note: brand names that have become synonymous with the product (aspirin, nylon) are no longer capitalized.

RULE 12 All Important Words in Titles As a general rule, when writing titles,

any word that isn’t a preposition or conjunction should be capitalized (you don’t have to capitalize for, and, but, of, into)

RULE 13 Capitalize the First Word in a Sentence

RULE 14 When using “I” as a pronoun, it is always

capitalized.

USING ITALIC

S (OR

UNDERLIN

ING)

NOTE! When the MLA revised the standards in 2009,

they dropped the underlining requirement because typewriters have been generally discontinued for use in academic writing. Wherever you previously learned to underline, you can now use italics instead.

RULE 1: TITLES (PG 120) Italicize the titles of the following types of works. All

others get quotation marks. Books, Newspapers, Magazines and Journals (just the

title of the magazine, not the article), Online magazines and journals, web sites, pamphlets, films, tv shows, radio programs, long poems, plays, long musical works, software programs, search engines and web browsers, databases, paintings and sculptures, ships, trains, aircraft (only particular craft, not makes or types), spacecraft

Note: Well known documents and sacred texts aren’t italicized or placed in quotes. The Bible, the Qur’an, the Declaration of Independence

RULE 2: FOREIGN WORDS OR PHRASES Whenever you use non-English words, you

should put it in italics to set it off for your reader for clarity’s sake.

RULE 3: ELEMENTS SPOKEN OF AS THEMSELVES OR TERMS BEING DEFINED Use italics to set off letters, numerals and

words that refer to those things themselves. Is that an a or an e? Also use italics to set off words and phrases

that you go on to define. A closet drama is a play meant to be

read, not performed.

Note: When you use a dictionary definition, put the word you are defining in italics and the definition itself in quotation marks.

RULE 4: EMPHASIS Italics may be used occassionally for

emphasis: Initially, poetry might be defined

as a kind of language that says more and says it more intensely than does

ordinary language.

Note: Overuse of italics may be distracting.

NUMBERS

SPELLED OUT VS NUMERALS Spell out numbers if you can do so in one or two

words The Hawaiian alphabet has only twelve

letters. Class size stabilized at twenty-eight

students.

Numbers that are more than two words long are expressed in numerals.

The dietitian prepared 125 sample menus. The developer of the community purchased

300,000 doorknobs and 153,000 faucets.

CONVENTIONAL USES OF NUMBERS Addresses Dates Exact times Exact sums of money Divisions of works Percentages and decimals Measurements with symbols or abbreviations Ratios and statistics Scores Identification numbers

HOMEWORK T&C 136-149 The essay assignment on page 149 is what

we will begin working on in class on Wednesday (I hope).

1st draft of this essay will be due on Monday 3/4 (yes, a week from today).

Fowles writes “an advertisement communicates by making use of a specially selected image…which is designed to stimulate” and get our attention in some way (137).

Fowles, Jib. “Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals.” Texts and Contexts: A Contemporary Approach to College Writing. Robinson, William S and Stephanie Tucker, eds. 7th Ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2009. Print.