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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012

Index

A Afraz SS, 21

Aghaei A, 32

Aghamohammadian

sharbaf HR, 84

Aghasi Zade M, 26

Akbari MotlaqM, 43

Alamdar H, 34

Alamidoost E, 74

Alipour T, 73

Amirian K, 20, 37

Anjomrouz M, 38

Arab Yaghoobi M, 67

Arkani E, 82

Arzegar A, 45

Asghari Toie MA, 24

Asgharshakeri H, 82

Askari P, 39

B Baghdadi G, 47

Bahrami H, 18

Bidar M, 15, 86

Bolandghamat S, 31

Borhani F, 58, 70

Boroujerdi HR, 29

Borzooei M, 68

C Chamanzari H, 36

Charechahi M, 15

Charles L. Ragan, 79

D Dareke M, 43

Dastgheyb S, 43

Dehkordi MAA, 14

Doosti F, 33

E Ebrahim Zadeh S, 36

Enferadi M, 33

Eshrati T, 72

F Fani J, 76

Fathi M, 17, 23, 33, 42, 44,

81

G Ghabel NM, 15

Ghanae A, 51

Ghanbari Hashemabady

BA, 84

Ghasemi D, 39

Ghaseminejad MA, 72

ghavami B, 82

Goshvarpour Atefeh, 28,

83

H Hadizade Kafash R, 25

Hafez B, 15

Haghi E, 71

Haghkhah A, 49

HajiRezaei HR, 38

Hamidfar B, 40

Harati H, 42

Hashemian A, 27

Heidari M, 67

Heidarwi A, 39

Helmi K, 14

Hormati A, 67

Hosseini M, 73

J Jahanbakhsh S, 29

Jalaly R, 64

Janbaz Freydoony K, 50

Jarahi N, 15

Javanbakht A, 78, 79

Jodi M, 17, 44

Joudi Marjan, 23, 42

Joudi Maryam, 42

Joudi Mitra, 23

Joudi Mona, 23

Judi M, 22

K Kafie R, 57

Kamal shanbadi A, 84

Kamali AH, 39

Kebriaee F, 76

Khadivi zand M, 13

Khaksar MH, 51

Khalilzadeh MA, 51

Khalilzadeh N, 62

Khazaei S, 60

Khosravi A, 27

L Lotfi Fatemi SN, 59

M Makarem A, 55

Maleki Delarestaghi A, 61

Matinnezhad A, 82

Mazhari F, 76

Mirpour M, 53

Mirzamani SM, 18

Modarres Qeravi M, 36

Moghadam-Ahmadi A, 34

Moghaddam A, 53

First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 89

Moghimi A, 31, 51

Mohammad Zade Samako,

65

Mohammad Zade Sarve,

65

Mohammadi J, 49

Moharreri F, 76

Moqhtaderi S, 18

Morvarid M, 61

Musavi H, 67

N Nasrabadi AM, 47

O Omrani L, 34

P Pasalar F, 33

Pasha G, 39

Pour fereidoni F, 23

Pouragha Rudborde M, 63

Purgholami F, 72

R Raffe S, 36

Rafiwi T, 25

Rahati S, 28, 83

Rahimian GH, 32

Ramazani AA, 67

Ramezani H, 54

Ramezani J, 16

Rezaeipour M, 86

Rezayi H, 43

Rezazadeh N, 77

Rohani SA, 26

S Saadatian V, 28, 83

Sabbagh SA, 66

Saberi M, 82

Sabzevari A, 81

Sadat Pournesaei G, 63

Sadeghi A, 23

Saedy M, 22

Safary A, 64

Sahebi M, 17, 81

Sariri HR, 55

Sarraf Shirazi A, 76

Sawadat Nia H, 27

Seydali E, 38

Shafiei SA, 66

Shahbazi K, 32

Shahidi EO, 80

Shahrabadi H, 77

Shareh H, 71

Sharfi A, 23

Sharifi A, 30

Sharifi H, 41

Sharifi-Razavi A, 34

Sohrab M, 33

Sohrabi M, 24, 46, 49

Solati Dehkordi K, 32

Soltani Nadjaf Abadi F, 56

Soltanifar A, 76

Sookhtanlou M, 41

Soukhtanlou M, 17, 81

T Tabatabaei k, 16

Taghizade ME, 14

Tahamy SE, 45

Taheri HR, 49

Takhsha N, 16

Tavakol Z, 19

Teymoori S, 33

V Vatankhah M, 85

Vatanparast S, 80

Vosoughinia H, 27

Y Yousef Zadeh V, 51

Z Zangouei A, 38

Zendehdel Roudi, 86

Zirak N, 29

Zoladl M, 68

First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 1 1

Table of contents

Welcoming Message President of The Congress ................................................................... 4 Welcoming Message of Secretary Congress ......................................................................... 5 Welcoming Message - Head of Anesthesia Department ....................................................... 6 Welcoming Message of Organizing Chairman ....................................................................... 7 Welcoming Message of ISSCH President .............................................................................. 8 Board Members ..................................................................................................................... 9 Members of Scientific Committee ....................................................................................... 10 Members of Executive Committee ...................................................................................... 12 The comparison of effectiveness of two methods of Modular CBT and cognitive- behavioral hypnotherapy in reducing Iranian children anxiety ........................................... 14 Clininal Evaluation of Hypnotism Induced local Anesthesia in Endodontics ....................... 15 Comparison of men and women hypnotizability ................................................................. 16 Study of Correlation between Subscale of Short Form MMPI and hypnotizability Grade .. 17 The investigation of the effectiveness of hypnotherapy n the treatment of subjective tinnitus Moqhtaderi S, Bahrami H

, Mirzamani SM ........................................................... 18

The efficacy of hypnosis as an intervention for labor and delivery pain: A comprehensive

methodological review ........................................................................................................ 19 Hypnotic effect on athletic performance in football players ............................................... 20 A consideratin to parallels between “Hypnosis” and “transactional Analysis” ................... 21 The Acceptance and Commitment Therapy)ACT) method in the treatment of drug addiction disorder using hypnotism .................................................................................... 22 Evaluation of effect of relaxation training in nurses s tress reduction at Shaheed Rajaee hospital ................................................................................................................................ 23 The effect of relaxation training with selected physical activity on girl’s mental health .... 24 Determining the Effectiveness of Hypnoterapy on level of Aggression in University Students ............................................................................................................................... 25 The role of stress and its uses hypnosis in patients with MI ............................................... 26 Evaluation of music effects on vital signs of patients need GI endoscopy for a month in Endoscopy Unit of Razavi Hospital from 90.08.1 to 90.08.30.............................................. 27 Nonlinear Dynamics Evaluation of Electroencephalogram Signals during Meditation ....... 28 HYPNOBIRTHING:comparison of benefits and sideeffects .................................................. 29 Hypnotizability Changes and Mental Disorders ................................................................... 30 Structural and functional brain differences in highly hypnotizable individuals ................. 31 The effectiveness hypnotherapy and medication therapy in quality of life ,frequency and severity symptoms of IBS patients ......................................................................................... 32 The effect of hypnosis imagery and non-hypnosis on performance of free throw skill in basketball ............................................................................................................................. 33 Introduction to the Neurophysiology of Hypnosis ............................................................... 34 The Effects of Guided Imagery on Pain of Orthopedic Operations in Traumatic Patients .. 36

2 2


Hypnotapy effect on relapse rate reduction of opiate dependence and withdrawal symptoms ............................................................................................................................ 37 Mind-body interventions as a treatment for cancer-related fatigue ................................. 38 The Effect of Hypnosis on Sport Performance in Footsall Players ....................................... 39 Plummet Induction Technique (PIT): a new method of self-hypnosis instruction for Mobarakeh Steel Complex industrial workers ..................................................................... 40 An analysis of the effect of thermal induction on skin surface temperature under hypnotic trance ................................................................................................................................... 41 Evaluation of the effect of hypnosis on the treatment of tension headache. ..................... 42 Effects of self- hypnosis on the self efficasy of college students ......................................... 43 Surgery: An experience of spontaneous hypnosis ............................................................... 44 Reiew of virtual reality techniques in the treatment and assessment of obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD) .................................................................................................. 45 Comparison of physical practice and random mental imagination on performance and learning of tracking task....................................................................................................... 46 Hypnosis Depth Determination, Using Empirical Mode Decomposition ............................. 47 The influence of mental imagery of focus of attention on performance and learning of dart throwing skill of children and adults .................................................................................... 49 The impact of cognitive-Behaviour Hypnotherapy in decreaseing the anxiety the college level students in 1387. ......................................................................................................... 50 EEG Signal assessment in the OCD patients using Quantification of Event Related Potentials ............................................................................................................................. 51 The effect of hypnotic inspirations upon fluctuations of student's balance ....................... 53 Hypnodontic ........................................................................................................................ 54 A pilot study of the use of hypnosis and suggestion in pediatric dentistry in Mashhad dental school ........................................................................................................................ 55 Anesthesia and analgesia in hypnosis in operation .......................................................... 56 Historical procedure of Hypnotism according to documents and thesis ............................. 57 Effectiveness of Hypnotism in Anxiety Reduction (A Laboratory Study) ............................. 58 Hypnosis and nursing care ................................................................................................. 59 Child Delivery without Labor Pain through Hypnosis .......................................................... 60 Forensic Medicine Hypnosis use .......................................................................................... 61 The effect of hypnosis in treating test anxiety .................................................................... 62 The effectiveness of Hypnosis therapy in reducing anxiety in women with Anxiety Disorder63 Relationship between EI and humanities students, and technical - engineering ................ 64 Investigation to Effectiveness of Neurofeedback on Treatment Major Depressive Disorder in Patients client of Qods Hospital ...................................................................................... 65 The Recommendation of Using Electromagnetic Waves to Facilitate Hypnosis Infusion.... 66 The effect of hypnotherapy on symptoms severity of irritable bowel syndrom ................. 67 Survey effect of Hypnotherapy on improving the health of neurotic patients referred to a psychiatrist and choice Counseling Center of Shiraz ........................................................... 68 Effectiveness of Yoga and Music Therapy in Anxiety Reduction ......................................... 70


Metacognitive Therapy, Hypnotherapy, and Combined treatment in treating Secondary Vaginismus due to Rape....................................................................................................... 71 Hypnotic and psychiatric disorders ...................................................................................... 72 The effect of using green and red colour in hypnotism suggestion on the rate of blood pressure and heart beat. ..................................................................................................... 73 The Application of Hypnosis in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ..................................... 74 COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF NITROUS OXIDE SEDATION, WITH COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY IN REDUCING DENTAL ANXIETY IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN. ...................................... 76 The study of hypnosis effect on weight loss in over weight person adjuvant to low calorie diet therapy ......................................................................................................................... 77 A Neural Network Model for Schemas Based On Pattern Completion ............................... 78 A Neural Network Model for Transference and Repetition Compulsion Based on Pattern Completion .......................................................................................................................... 79 Comparative effects of hypnosis and lidocaine on modulating pain intensity of episiotomy repair in primiparous women. ............................................................................................. 80 Survey of BA Students of general psychology of Payame Noor University of Mashhad’s vision about Hypnotic .......................................................................................................... 81 Analysis and Comparison of the Effectiveness of Medical Therapy and Hypnotherapy in Anxiety Disorder Therapy .................................................................................................... 82 Wavelet transform of electroencephalogram and heart rate signals during meditation.... 83 The Effectiveness of Relaxation, Cognitive Restructuring under Alert Hypnosis on Woman's common Migraine not treated through pharma cotherapy ................................................ 84 EEG Classification during Hypnosis ...................................................................................... 85 Clinical evaluation of hypnotism-induced local anesthesia in Endodontics ........................ 86 Index .................................................................................................................................... 88

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Welcoming Message President of The Congress

Mashhad University of Medical Science has programmed a proper and appropriate movement -as a mean to make Islamic premier aims and our scientific views possible- to reach a superior position among universities of Islamic world. With regard to this matter, interchanging views and opinions between scientists has an important role and this university appreciates that. We are honored and delighted to announce that the First International Congeress on Clinical Hypnosis and Related Sciences will be hosted by Mashhad, in the spring of 2012 and professors ,researchers and colleagues are invited to this congress. This assembly is an initiative of Anesthesiology Department of this university's collaboration with Iranian Scientific Society of Clinical Hyposis and is also in association with European and International societies of Hyposis. Recent topics and information in this field will be discussed during the congress.

It is our pleasure to welcome and host you as our esteemed guests in this scientific congress.

Mahmoud Mohammadzadeh Shabestari MD

President of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

President of Congress


Welcoming Message of Secretary Congress

It's my honor to invite you to participate in and also submit your articles to the First International Congress on Clinical Hypnosis and Related Sciences. This scientific event will be held by Department of Anesthesia in association with Iranian and other countries scientific forums' to improve hypnosis science. This is a great opportunity for scientifics to get familiar with put them in use for better treatment of patients.

Saeed Jahanbakhsh MD

Associated Professor of Anesthesia

Secretary of Congress

6 6


Welcoming Message - Head of Anesthesia Department

Dear colleagues

The first international congress on clinical hypnosis and related sciences has designed

by Mashhad anesthesia department.This meeting is an opportunity to expanding districts of knowledge . I hope it open new windows to researches on this aspect of sciences.

Ghasem Soltani MD

Head of Anesthesia department


Welcoming Message of Organizing Chairman

Dear Friends & Colleagues

It is my honor and great pleasure to invite you to the First International Congress on Clinical Hypnosis and Related Sciences which will be held in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, on 26th-27th April 2012. A wide spectrum of topics on the captioned subject will be covered by an international faculty. A group of experts and opinion leaders, from overseas and from Iran, will deliver and exchange experience and scientific knowledge. This Congress is designed to reinforce the basic and clinical practices in the field of clinical hypnosis, and will include lectures, panel, discussions, workshops, and poster presentations. I am truly proud to invite both Iranian and international researchers to submit their papers and attend this exciting congress. I also proudly welcome you to experience Iran, with all of its cultural attractions, historical sites and exciting places to visit.I look forward to meet you in Mashhad.

Mehdi Fathi MD Fellowship of Cardiac Anesthesia

Assistant Professor of MUMS Organizing Chairman

8 8


Welcoming Message of ISSCH President

I am so delighted that finally after years of effort by artists and scientists of clinical hypnosis,the First International Congress on Clinical Hypnosis and Related Sciences will be held in Iran. Taking history of hypnosis in Iran into account which was surrounded by superstitions and demagoguery and was away from public reach, we are so pleased that clinical hypnosis is now supported by Ministry of Health, is internationally popular and thinkers and innovators of this field are able to exchange new ideas and findings about clinical hypnosis and related sciences. I hope this congress can open a door for more interaction between Iranian and other countries' scientifics, so that therapeutic community will benefit from it .

Ali Sharifi MD

Psychiatrist President of ISSCH


Board Members Mahmoud Shabestari MD President of Mashhad University of Medical

Sciences , Congress President

Jalil Tavakol- Afshari MD Deputy of Education - Mashhad University

of Medical Sciences

Ali akbar Harimi MD International Department of Mashhad

University of Medical Sciences

Saeed Jahanbakhsh MD Associate Professor of Anesthesia-

Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Ghasem Soltani Head of Anesthesiology Department-


Mehdi Fathi MD Assistant Professor of Anesthesia-


Alireza Sabzevari MD Assistant Professor of Anesthesia-


Prof. Camillo Loriedo Psychiatrist- President of ISH

Ali Sharifi MD Psychiatrist -Member of ISSCH

Hadi Manafi MD General Surgeon Founder of ISSCH

Enayatolah Shahidi MD Member of ASCH,ISH,ISSCH

Mohammad Hossein Khaksar Member of ISSCH

10


Members of Scientific Committee

Name & Surname Field of speciality University/Scientic

Organization Dr.Ali Ahmadi Abhari Neuroscientist ISSCH Dr.Hamid Akhavein Forensic Medicine Medical Council of Rasht Dr.Shahram Amini Anesthesiologist MUMS Dr.Morteza Iran-manesh Dermato-Pathologist ISSCH

Dr.Farnad Imani Flowship of Anesthesiology and Pain

TUMS

Dr.Mahvash Agah Associate Professor of Anesthesiology

Shahid-Beheshti Medical University

Dr.Amir Houshang Bagheri Neuroscientist ISSCH

Dr.Alireza Bameshki Associate Professor of Anesthesiology

MUMS

Dr.Morteza Behnam Rasouli PhD of Neuroscience and steriology

Ferdowsi Univesity

Dr.Javanshir Bidokhti M.D. ISSCH

Dr.Arash Peivandi Yazdi Anesthesiologist/Flowship of ICU

MUMS

Dr. Mahyar Taghavi Guilani Assistant Professor of Aneshtesiology

MUMS

Dr. S Ehsan Tahami PhD of Medical Engeneering Azad University of Mashhad Dr. Reza Jalaiean Anesthesiologist MUMS

Dr. Marjan Joudi Assistant professor of pediatric surgery

MUMS

Dr .Farhad Khadivi Zand pediatrician ISSCH Dr. Mohammad Khadivi Zand PhD of Clinical Psychology ISSCH

Dr. Mohammad Ali Khalilzade

PhD of Medical Engeneering Azad University of Mashhad

Dr. Majid Razavi Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology

MUMS

Dr. Sa`adatolah Rohani Hypnotherapist ISSCH Dr. Nahid Zirak Anesthesiologist MUMS Dr. Alireza Sabzevari Pediatric Anesthesiologist MUMS

Dr.Ghasem Soltani Associate Professor of Anesthesiology

MUMS

Dr.Mehdi Sohrabi PhD of Physical Education Ferdowsi University Dr.Mohammadreza Sabz-Ali Zanjankhah

Anesthesiologist MUMS

Dr.Ali Sharifi Neuroscientist ISSCH Dr.Alireza Sharifian Anesthesiologist MUMS Dr.Enayatolah Shahidi M.D. ISSCH


Dr.Ali Sahebi Psychologist Australia Dr.Masoumeh Tabari Anesthesiologist MUMS Dr.Ebrahim Abdolahian Pediatric Psychologist MUMS

Dr.Kambiz Abghari Dentist ISSCH Dr.Mohammad Alipour Anesthesiologist MUMS

Dr.Mohammad Gharavi fard Associate Professor of Anesthesiology

MUMS

Dr.Beheshteh Gholampour Psychologist MUMS Dr.Ali Ghanaie PhD of Neuroscience Ferdowsi University Dr.Mehdi Fathi Cardiac Anesthesiologist MUMS Dr.Rasoul Ferasat kish Professor of Anesthesiology TUMS

Dr.Masoud Fereydouni PhD of Physiology Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Dr.Mohammad Firouzmand PhD of Medical Engeneering

Dr.Hamidreza Feyz Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology

TUMS

Dr.Ebrahim Golmakani Anesthesiologist MUMS

Dr.Fatemeh Mohareri Pediatric Psychologist MUMS

Dr.Mohammadian Erdi Flowship of Anesthesiology and Pain

Ardebil Medical University

Dr.Ali Moghimi PhD of Physiology Ferdowsi University Dr.Mostafa Mousavi Anesthesiologist MUMS Dr.Ali Nasr-abadi PhD of Medical Engeneering Pardazesh Alayem-Houshmand Inst.

Dr.Mostafa Nosrat abadi PhD of Health Psychology Parand Inst. Dr.Mohammad Ali Nazari PhD of Neuroscience Tabriz University

Dr.Mohammad reza Hashemi Golpaygani

PhD of Medical University Amir-Kabir University

Dr.Alireza Hashamian Anesthesiologist MUMS Dr.Farshad Hashemian Clinical Pharmacologist Azad University of Tehran Dr.Bahram Ali Ghanbari Hashem Abadi

Psychologist Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Dr.Camillo Loreido Psychiatrist Italy Dr.Antonio Onofri Psychiatrist ISH/ Italy Dr.Giovanni LoSavio Psychologist MEDR/ Italy Dr.Isabel Fernandez Psychiatrist ISH/ Italy Dr.Julie H.Linden Psychiatrist ISH/ USA Dr.Consuelo Casula Psychiatrist ESH/ Italy Dr.Braian Allen Psychiatrist ISH/ Australia Dr.Matthias Mende Psychologist ESH/ Austria Dr.Nicole Ruysschaert Psychiatrist ESH/ Belgium Dr.Bernhard Trenkle Psychologist ISH/ Germany Dr.Gunnar Rosen Psychiatrist ESH Dr.Arash Javanbakht Psychiatrist USA Dr.Mohammadreza Sadeghi PhD of Clinical Psychology Canada

12


Members of Executive Committee

Peiravi Tahereh Moein Neda Sukhtanlou Mohammad Mojaver Nahid Ahangi Azim Mousazadeh Elham Anjam rouz Mehran Nikoiean Yasamin Bavafa Abolfazl Pasalar Forouzan Boroumand Haleh Pour Rahimi Yasamin Davari Mehdi Rezaeipour Mohsen Derakhshan Hassan Saberi Mohammad Diani Noshin Sadeghi Maryam Ebrahimi Emad Safari Zadeh Farzaneh Farhadi Simin Shahraki Kianosh Haji Rezaei Hamid Reza Sharifi Halimeh Heidari Hossein Takhsha Nasim Kamalizadeh Azam Zangouei Amir Khoda-dadegan Homa Zendehdel Azam Lighat Amir Reza Shir Kalaiee Masoud

Mohammad Hossein Khaksar

Executive Committee Manager

Dr.Alireza Sabzevari

Assistant Professor of Pediatric Anesthesia Director of Executive Committee


Hypnotic incidences

Khadivi zand M1

Questions:

In this report, we present incidences theory and freedom therapy with

recent report of the Iranian Society of Hypnosis about hypnosis and its

application then answer to these questions:

- What are the methods of preparation for hypnosis?

- How we can access the unconscious relationships?

- What is the role of hypnosis and hypnosis download?

- Under what circumstances and how hypnosis trance induced?

- How we can determaine the influences of hypnosis?

1 PHD of Psychology- ISSCH

14


The comparison of effectiveness of two methods of Modular CBT and cognitive- behavioral hypnotherapy in reducing Iranian children anxiety

Helmi K, Dehkordi MAA, Taghizade ME

Introduction: Anxiety is one of the most disrupting psychological problems in

childhood. The current research is carried out to compare effectiveness of two

methods of Modular CBT and cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy in reducing

Iranian children anxiety.

Methods: Reynolds- Richmond Revised Children‘s Manifest Anxiety Scale

(RCMAS) as screening tool and Revised Children Anxiety and Depression Scale of

Chorpita was used to compare the results and supporting them among 210

elementary schools in academic year 2010-2011 in third, fourth and fifth grade of

girlish elementary school. Sampling method in this research was of random cluster

method and among all the students, after the required studies, 32 students

recognized with anxiety properties entered the research design divided randomly

into 3 groups. In two experimental groups treatment protocols( Modular Cognitive-

Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Hypnotherapy) were performed in

individual sessions. After 10 therapy sessions, again Revised Children‘s Manifest

Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) was used for 3 groups and the results were studied by the

repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results: According to this, both methods of Modular CBT and cognitive-

behavioral hypnotherapy reduced children‘s anxiety and this reduction was

significant at P < 0.05 in comparison with control group. Cognitive hypnotherapy

method reduced more anxiety in comparison with Modular CBT and this difference

was significant at P <0.05.

Discussion: Considering the major reduction of anxiety by using hypnosis in

conjunction with cognitive-behavioral therapy, and the prevalence of anxiety

between children, and also the high level of hypnotizability at this age, training

hypnotherapy to the practitionars in this field may be suggested. Keywords: Modular CBT; cognitive hypnotherapy; anxiety; anxious children


Clininal Evaluation of Hypnotism Induced local Anesthesia in Endodontics

Bidar M1, Charechahi M2 ,Ghabel NM3 , Hafez B4, Jarahi N5

Introduction: In some cases in dentistry, despite an injection of local anesthetic

material, the teeth with irreversible pulpitis do not become numb, or the use of

common local anesthetic material is contraindicated for the patient. Therefore, in

these cases an alternative treatment, especially hypodontia-the use of hypnosis in

dentistry-can be introduced. The aim of this study was to determine the success rate

of hypnotism in appropriate local anesthesia in root canal therapy (Endodontics). Methods and material:This study was conducted as a clinical trial on male and

female volunteer patients, which referred to the department of endodontics of

Mashhad Dental School for endodontic treatment of vital teeth with irreversible

pulpitis.Examination forms were completed for all the patients. The patients were

excluded from the study if they had any other disease.

Then, if the patient were satisfied with participation in this study, the consent

forms were signed. Finally, 21 patients were recruited. In the presence of the

patient's companion, the patient underwent hypnosis and the necessary time to

reach suitable numbness was recorded. Next, the patients were conditioned to a key

phrase. In the second session, with the use of a key conditioning word, hypnosis

was induced more rapidly and the time to reach numbness was again recorded. The

numbness was checked and confirmed by one of the professors of endodontic

department .If the appropriate numbness existed, the patient underwent endodontic

treatment.

The results were analyzed by Mann Whitney U test, Fisher's Exact test, and

Wilcoxon Sign Rank test.

Keywords: hypnotism-anesthesia-root canal therapy

1 Professor of Endodontics ,Dental Research Center of. Mashhad University of Medical

Sciences 2 Endodontics Assistant of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran

3 Dentist

4 Dentist

5 Dentist

16


Comparison of men and women hypnotizability Tabatabaei k, Ramezani J,Takhsha N Introduction: hypnotizability is differently case by case. Some people response

better to some techniques hypnotizability applies important role in its use. This

study designed to evaluate Comparison of men and women hypnotizability.

Material and method: Method was ethological comparative. We used

waterloo stand for scale for evolution of hypnotizability. Sample was 60cases (30

men and 30women) who have experience hypnotizability state already independent

T test.

Result: female got higher scores both experimental and behavioral scales.

Collation between behavioral scales was seen.

Discussion: Our findings showed that women hypnotizability is as the same as

men then hypnosis is athrapotic approach for both sexes.

Key words: hypnosis, hypnotizability, waterloo stand


Study of Correlation between Subscale of Short Form MMPI and hypnotizability Grade

Fathi M1, Joudi M

2, Soukhtanlou M

, Sahebi M

Introduction:Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory is one of the best

clinical diagnostic instruments in all over the world. The purpose of this study is to

investigate the effect of MMPI Subscale with hypnotizability persons.

Method:Available Sampling method was used in this study. A 25-member

sample was chosen from basic training hypnosis course and they answered MMPI

at the first session. After that, at the second session hypnotizablity test was

performed on them. Data analyzing was performed through Pearson Correlation

Coefficient and with spss.13 software between all of the MMPI subscale and

hypnotizability‘s grade.

Results:Level of hypnotizable in this study was moderate to good. Ma, Sc, Hy,

Hs, Pa scale had direct correlation and D, Pd scale had indirect correlation with

hypnotizable grade. In direct Correlation, the lowest confidence level was for Hs

(0.43) and the most was for Ma (0.885). D subscale had the most and Pd subscale

had the least indirect correlation. However, totally none of the subscale had

significant correlation with hypnotizability grade of persons (P>0/05).

Discussion:This study showed that personality measures could not have a

decisive effect on hypnotizability and hypnotic depth. totally persons who have low

mood exercised mild level of hypnotic. However, it is not quiet sensible.

Perhaps the vast population is able to alter the results.

Key words: hypnotizable, MMPI

1 Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

2 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

18


The investigation of the effectiveness of hypnotherapy n the treatment of subjective tinnitus Moqhtaderi S1, Bahrami H2

, Mirzamani SM3

Introduction: Tinnitus is a annoying disease can cause major problems including

insomnia, impaired concentration and reduced quality of life. This study reviews

the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in the treatment of subjective tinnitus.

Methods and materials: This pilot was an experimental study with a pre-test

and post-test with control group. Number of persons in each group was 10 people,

including people who suffered from subjective tinnitus. People in both groups

completed tinnitus clinical questionnaires both pre-test and post- test and the

severity of their tinnitus was recorded frome one to ten. experimental group were

under hypnotherapy for 10 sessions. The control group did not perform any

psychological treatment. In this study, statistical student T- Test (independent and

dependent) were used.

Findings: The two groups were similar in range of tinnitus and age. Results

from t tests of dependent and independent in α=0.05 percent showed significant

differences between pretest and post test scores and test scores between test and

control groups.

Conclusion: The results showed that hypnotherapy could effectively reduce the

intensity of tinnitus patients in the experimental group; in the other word it

confirms effectiveness of medical hypnosis in the treatment of subjective tinnitus.

Key words: tinnitus, subjective tinnitus, hypnotherapy

1corresponded author, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research 2 PhD

3 PhD


The efficacy of hypnosis as an intervention for labor and delivery pain: A comprehensive methodological review

Tavakol Z1

Introduction: This paper presents a comprehensive methodological review of

research on the efficacy of hypnosis for reducing labor and delivery pain.

Methods and materials: To be included, studies were required to use a

between-subjects or mixed model design in which hypnosis was compared with a

control condition or alternative intervention in reducing labor pain. An exhaustive

search of the PsycINFO and PubMed databases produced 13 studies satisfying

these criteria.

Findings: Hetero-hypnosis and self-hypnosis were consistently shown to be

more effective than standard medical care, supportive counseling, and childbirth

education classes in reducing pain. Other benefits included better infant Apgar

scores and shorter Stage 1 labor. Common methodological limitations of the

literature include a failure to use random assignment, to specify the demographic

characteristics of samples, and to use a treatment manual

Conclusion: This study show that hypnosis to be effective as supplemental way

to reducing labor and delivery pain but more clinical trial is needed to confirm this

role.

Key words: Labor and delivery pain, Hypnosis, Treatment outcomes,

Methodology

1 Tehran University of Medical Sciences

20


Hypnotic effect on athletic performance in football players Amirian K

1

Introduction: Psychologists put aside this old notion that hypnosis transforms

humans into passive creatures and are replaced this belief that for create normal

behavior, should be resorted to hypnosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hypnosis on athletic

performance in football players.

Method and materials: Participants in this study, including 14 players from

20 to 27 years old who were selected randomly simple from the football players of

Songhor city, and were divided into experimental and control groups. To

experimental group were given 7 session 30-minutes in 7 weeks of hypnosis and

mental images in areas to improve on athletic performance, concentrate better and

feel more relaxed, were not given special training to control group, and data were

analyzed with covariance method multivariable.

Findings: Analysis of data showed between experimental and control groups

there are significant differences in the athletic performance players in the area

shoot the gate, constant pass and pass in constant motion.

Conclusion: From where improve the quality of the games is more from the

psychological to the physical, hypnosis can be a cause of deep relaxation. And also

even make changes in level of consciousness, perception and feeling of athletes and

they go beyond his previous record and do not threatened any danger them.

Key words: hypnosis, athletic performance, football players

1 MA in Clinical Psychology


A consideratin to parallels between “Hypnosis” and “transactional Analysis”

Afraz SS1

Introduction:In the traditional view ―Hypnosis‖ and ―Transactional Analysis‖

(TA) are considered as fundamentally different approaches to psychotherapy.

Nevertheless this article analyses the parallels between ―Hypnosis‖ and ―TA‖.

Methods and materials:Methodology of ―TA‖ is based on analysis of the

interactions of the three ego states- ‖ Parental‖, ‖Adult‖ and ―Child‖ in the context

of what TA defines as ―Script of life‖. In this method the therapist tries to reform

one or some of these states by the help of the client. Reformation of ―parent‖ is

done by a process called ―re-parenting‖ which is similar to the classical hypnosis

techniques.

―Re-decision therapy‖ is another TA method used for correction of wrong beliefs

that are made during the childhood. It is similar to ―Child inform‖ that is one of the

―age-regression‖ methods in hypnosis.

When a TA therapist wants to work on the ―Adult‖ state of his client, explains

him concepts like ―discounting‖, ‖racketing system‖, ―drivers‖ and ― stoppers‖

using these concepts to make a connection with the client‘s mind. Then he asks

some questions that guide the client to the goal that he wants. Similarly in hypnosis

the therapist asks some ―yes-set‖ questions that orient the client to the specific

goal.

―Dissociation‖,‖ absorption‖ and ―suggestibility‖ are the main signs of ― hypnosis

‖. A TA therapist who teaches the basic rules of TA to his client makes his client

dissociate from his own thoughts and helps him to change his old beliefs. Also he

focuses on analyzing the client‘s ―script‖ that makes him absorbed. In addition a

client who comes to a therapist and continues his therapy has clear suggestibility

from his therapist on his appointments.

Conclusion:Regarding these parallels, I suggest that hypnotherapy and

psychotherapy by TA methods work based on a common underlying mechanism.

Key words: Hypnosis, Transactional analysis

1 Certificated & member of ‖ITAA world‖; Graduated from ―ISSCH‖; Psychology student of

―IAUCTB‖

22


The Acceptance and Commitment Therapy)ACT) method

in the treatment of drug addiction disorder using hypnotism

Saedy M, Joudi M

Preface: One type of treatment recently developed out of the two older

approaches, namely cognitive and behavioral, as the third approach in behavior

therapy, is the ACT method (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy).This article

introduces hypnotism as a facilitator of the ACT method in the treatment of

addiction.

Introduction:The first step of hypnotism has an overlap with the first step of

ACT, and what is common to both is that communication therapy, the evaluation,

and identification of the inner releasers of addiction in contrast with the outer

releasers. About eight sessions are proposed for work therapy using the present

method, which are presented in the form of paradox, metaphors, stories, exercises,

behavioral tasks, and experiential processes. The ‗mind-fulness‘ method-i.e. being conscious about thoughts, feelings, and

physical senses such as breathing, without judgment and evaluation-which has to

be employed at the beginning of each session using ACT method. The ‗mind-

fulness‘ method has an overlap with the third step of hypnotism, namely focusing

and deepening concentration.

Values, goals, and obstacles can be argued about after the trance stage in ACT

that is when suggestions are presented using metaphors and their results, and the

person becomes aware of the uselessness of his fighting with his inner qualities.

The exercises can be performed in the form of mental imagination, and

behavioural tasks can be assigned after returning to the normal condition.

Generally speaking, It can be said that ACT is a type of psychotherapy method in

treatment of drug addiction disorder which has developed out of the two methods

of behavioural and cognitive therapy introducing a number of changes, and its

steps can be carried out to complete the treatment of the client, It should be noted

that two or more metaphors have been presented for each of the steps introduced in

the ACT treatment method.

Conclusion and Suggestion: Considering the functional commonalities of the

two methods discussed above, it is proposed that hypnotism be employed as an

ACT-facilitator. Then the improvement of the ACT method can be expected.

Key Words: ACT, Drug Addiction Disorder, Hypnotism


Evaluation of effect of relaxation training in nurses s tress reduction at Shaheed Rajaee hospital

Joudi Marjan1 , Fathi M

2, Sadeghi A , Sharfi A, Joudi Mitra , Pour fereidoni F ,

Joudi Mona

Background:The aim of this study is evaluation of hypnotism and progressive

muscle relaxation on job stress.

Method:This study is an examinative research on one group through befor and

after test.Our population is 248 nurses (208 female and 40 male) of Shaheed

Rajaee hospital stuff.We used test that produced by researcher and its validity had

been examined through separating 2 section.T test used for data analysis.

Results:T test showed that average differences between pre -test and post –test

was significant.

Conclution:Relaxation training can help to reduction of job stress.

Key Words:Stress-Self hypnotism-Relaxation



24


The effect of relaxation training with selected physical activity on girl’s mental health

Sohrabi M, Asghari Toie MA

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of relaxation

exercises with selected physical activity on girl‘s mental health.

Methods: For this reason, 60 female students with aging from 18 to 30

participated in this study. They were divided into 4 similar groups. Categories

include: relaxation groups (n=15), the group's activities (n=15), Combination group

(n=15) and control group (n=15). Experimental groups did exercise for 6 weeks

and 2 times a week. But the control group did their routine activities. Mental

health of participants before and after the exercise intervention was assessed by

General Health Questionnaire (GHQ - 12). The obtained data was analyzed by

multivariate of variance (MANOVA) and Bonferronitest.

Results: The statistical data show that the positive effects of relaxation training

(P<0/0001), positive effects of selected Physical activity (P<0/0001), positive

effects of Combined exercises (P<0/0001).

Conclusion: This study showed that relaxation training and selected Physical

activity and combined exercises cause to be improving to general health student

girls. Although not differences were observed between the three groups, but this

study emphasizes the relaxation of role in general health. The employing different

methods of relaxation are as an effective and practical aims. So, it is suggested that

effect of other relaxation methods with physical activity and also interactivities

influences of combination training types would be used.

Keywords: Relaxation, selected Physical activity, combined exercises, General

Health Questionnaire (GHQ - 12)


Determining the Effectiveness of Hypnoterapy on level of Aggression in University Students

Rafiwi T, Hadizade Kafash R

Objective: At present, the technology development and industrialization of

societies, events and risks resulting from its past life threatening and causes of

psychological pressures that affect most destructive forces of man and society and

gives rise to increased problems of human life and destroy. Aggressive youth often

do not have the skill and mastery over their behavior and customs and morals of

the society in which they live, violate. Parents and school districts often are found

with their involvement and their movements are enough to hurt people and damage

to numerous complaints from parents and classmates from the university or they

lead. The present study was to determine the effectiveness Hypnotrapy on the level

of student aggression.

Materials and Methods: The study of semi-experimental design with pretest -

posttest control group. University students in 1000 divided the population of

Maziar Royan 100 people participated, among which 73 had average scores of 50

randomly selected, and the clinical interview, including appropriate quality and

hypnosis conditions Ghrblgry character of obsessive - compulsive (on condition

that hypnosis is effective), 25 patients in the experimental group and control group

were 25 people remaining. Hypnosis treatment for experimental group students

was conducted in 6 sessions, and then both groups (control and test) test was

performed. Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire was the instrument.

Results: After the test run, data were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results

showed: Hypnotrapy of 27.7% of the students was effective aggression (p<0.001).

And Hypnotrapy of 22.2% female students was effective in reducing aggression

(p<0.001)and for the boys, aggression was 30.84% effective in reducing the

amount of Hypnotrapy (p<0.001). Hypnotrapy efficacy in reducing aggression in

girls and boys groups experiment Hypnotrapy reduce aggression in boys of 1.25%

was more effective (p<0.01).

Conclusion: Given the significant effect in reducing aggression Hypnvtrapy

students, including training for selected courses in universities can Self-Hypnotism

as an effective way for young people to achieve national development objectives

and most of society's problems, officials and parents in dealing with this reduce

youth.

Key words:Aggression; Hypnotrapy; Self-Hypnotism.

26


The role of stress and its uses hypnosis in patients with MI Rohani SA, Aghasi Zade M

Introduction : Myocardial infarction is one of the most common diagnoses in

hosoitalized patients . So because of the importance and high frequency of cardiac

diseases and the necessity to prevent these disease , studying about sisk factors and

aggravating factors of these diseases and Strategies that can prevent the occurrence

of the MI has considerable importance .

Methods & Objective: Three questionnaires including the demographic

questioaire designed by the researcher , recent life events pycle questionnaire and

CS-R ( Coping Strategies – Revised ) . Questionaires were filled by 40 hospitalized

patients with myocardial infarction and 40 healthy people ( atthf sane age , from

the same sex and with the same average cholestrol ) who had not experienced the

cardiac disease and the results were analysed with SPSS software .To analyse the

coping sterategies and really importantlife events in 40 patients with myocardial

infarction and compare them withthe healthy group.

Results : Patients with myocardial infarction experienced the same stress or

events in their lives to the hralthy group ( P = 0.424 ) . But the average mark of the

stressful events in the patients was more than the healthy group ( P< 0.001 ) .

Patients with myocardial infarction acted weaker in coping with stressful events

comared with the healthy group ( P< 0.001 ) . In nonefective methods we noticed

not much difference between the patients and the healthy group ( P = 0.321 ) .

Neither did we notice much difference in the concentrated coping methods ( P =

0.518 ) .

Conclusion : The researcher suggests that we had better educate the individuals

of the society and teach them the concentrated coping methods in order to achieve

a successful stress management and to prevent the prevalence of MI in the cociety

and self hypnotism as an effective way to obtain peace and freedom from stress and

pressure to be pervasive in the educational community.

Key words : Stress , Myocardial infarction , Coping strategies ، Selfhypnotism


Evaluation of music effects on vital signs of patients need GI endoscopy for a month in Endoscopy Unit of Razavi Hospital from 90.08.1 to 90.08.30

Hashemian A, Vosoughinia H, Khosravi A, Sawadat Nia H

Introduction: GI endoscopy is one of the most important diagnostic a

therapeutic in gastrointestinal problems; however, Patients may suffer from anxiety

or fear during this procedure. We consider the effects of music on vital sings before

endoscopy under usage of propofol as sedative.

Methods: In this experimental study, 200 patients need upper or lower GI

endoscopy in Razavi hospital was evaluated. Their age ranges vary between 8

years old to 99. These patients suffer no severe pulmonary or cardiac disease and

their chosen were really randomized. They are derided in 2 major groups; the first

was under music playing and the other was not. Their vital signs like blood

pressure or pulse rate, o2 saturation before and 3-5 minutes after injecting sedative

drug (propofol) were examined and some of their demographic features (1 data)

were documented. All of these data were analyzed by T test (variance analysis

method) and by usage of spss software.

Results: patients mean age was 49.1 ±17.42 years with 49.5 % male and 55.5%

female distribution. From these 46.2% were under the first group (music – heard_

and 53.8% were music-not heard the other group. Independent-sample T-test

parametric methods were used. There was a significant decrease in systolic flood

pressure between 2 groups (p=0.003) but no significant differences were observed

in Diastolic blood pressure, heart pulse rate and arterial o2 saturation, respectively.

Conclusion:Relaxation music can affect systolic blood pressure and decrease it

when go up a result of anxiety or fear of GI endoscopy.

Key words: music, endoscopy, blood pressure, anxiety

28


Nonlinear Dynamics Evaluation of Electroencephalogram Signals during Meditation

Goshvarpour Ateke 1, Rahati S

2, Goshvarpour Atefeh

3, Saadatian V

4

Introduction: Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a reliable reflection of many

physiological factors modulating the brain. The aim of this study is to evaluate

nonlinear dynamics of electroencephalogram signals during meditation.

Methods: For this purpose, we collected EEG signals of seven female

meditators in two states: before meditation and during meditation. Correlation

Dimension, Hurst Exponent and the maximum Lyapunov Exponents were

calculated.

Results:The results of this study show that the Correlation Dimension was

significantly lower during meditation, as well as the maximum Lyapunov

Exponents. This reduction indicates that the number of parallel functional

processes active in the brain is less and the brain goes to a more relaxed state.

Besides that, the Hurst Exponent is increased during meditation.

Conclusions: The finite values of Correlation Dimension and positive values of

Lyapunov Exponents suggest that all of EEG signals have low dimensional chaos,

and the complexity of signals are decreased during meditation.

Keywords: Correlation Dimension, Electroencephalogram, Hurst Exponent,

Lyapunov Exponent, Meditation, Nonlinear Dynamics.

1 Biomedical Department, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran.

2 Electronic Department, Islamic Azad University,Mashhad Branch, Iran. 3 Biomedical Department, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran. 4 Psychological Department, Islamic Azad University,Mashhad Branch, Iran.


HYPNOBIRTHING:comparison of benefits and sideeffects Jahanbakhsh S

1, Zirak N

2 , Boroujerdi HR

3

Introduction: At now , there is great emphasis on non pharmaceutical

interferences in process of delivery simplification . Hypnobirthing is known as a

simple delivery way . Today this way has confronted with great reception of

medical community around the world .

The aim of this study is reviewal examination of using hypnosis in process of

delivery .

Methods: This study is a reviewal type study performed by looking up scientific

data bases including Scopus , Pubmed and Biomed deliberated words are :

hypnobirthing , painless delivery at period of ten years (since 2001 to 2011 ) .

The study concentration is on comparison of complications .

Results: The findings showed that there is %74 reduction in need for narcotics

or analgesics in hypnotized patients and %67 reduction of premature delivery

prevalence in comparison with the control groups . %27 of researchers have used

hypnotic dialogs on vocal files to patients . Beside , there is respectively 2.1% and

3.4% reduction in average hospitalization time of mother and newborn in hypnotic

groups in comparison with the control one .

Discussion: Hypnosis is a simple , inexpensive and safe method for improve of

delivery experiment that will cause reduction in complication due to

pharmaceutical interferences and expenses to medical care mother and newborns .

We recommend doctors and midwives to learn this method and use it for pregnant

women who are under their surveillance .

Key Words : painless delivery – Hypnosis - Hypnobirthing

1 MD-Associated professor of anesthesia-mashhad university of medical sciences 2 Assistant professor of anesthesia-mashhad university of medical sciences 3 residentof Anesthesiology ( responded Author)

30


Hypnotizability Changes and Mental Disorders Sharifi A

1

The relationship between hypnotizability and mental disorders has been the

subject of many psychiatric articles in recent decades and this review article try to

collect important information about that relationship .

The important thing is that , in spite of effectiveness of hypnosis in many medical

and psychiatric disorders, there is some risk of exacerbation in many mental

disorder following induction of hypnosis, hence, exact diagnosis of such disorders

prior to hypnotherapy is essential.

This reviw article try to cover items including: Nature of hypnotizability, that is,

ability of experiencing ―Trance‖ following proper suggestions, Biological capacity

of hypnosis according to Spigle‘s theory, reversible nature of hypnotizability after

recovering from mental disorder, probable mechanisms of losing hypnotizability

due to psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, Attention

deficit–Hyperactivity disorder, Obsessive– Compulsive disorder, and Generalized

Anxiety Disorder.

On the other hand, Relation between high hypnotizability and the emergence of

Dissociative disorders, Conversion disorder, Post Traumatic Stress

disorder(PTSD), are mentioned.

And finally , the relation between ―Culture-Bound Syndromes‖ (previously called

―Culture–Bound Psychosis‖) and high hypnotizability were reviewed.

Keywords: Hypnotizability , Mental disorder, Biological Hypnotic Capacity,

Culture – Bound Syndromes.

1 MD_Psychiatrist_Iranian Scientific Society of Clinical Hypnosis.


Structural and functional brain differences in highly hypnotizable individuals

Bolandghamat S1, Moghimi A

Introduction: There are individual differences in responses to hypnosis .This

study reviews the researches about structural and functional brain differences

during hypnotic and non hypnotic conditions in individuals with different

hypnotizability degrees.

Methods: Review of published data and articles in the pubmed web using some

basic key words such as ―hypnosis‖ and ―neuroscience‖.

Findings: MRI studies on corpus callosum showed that highly hypnotizable

subjects had a significant larger rostrum (Horton, et al., 2004; Horton & Crawford,

1999) and isthmus than low hypnotizable subjects, also there was a significant

positive relationship between this corpus callosum areas and forebrain volumes in

highly hypnotizable individuals (Horton & Crawford, 1999). Naish (2009) reported

that highly hypnotizable subjects exhibited a faster-acting left hemisphere in the

waking state, but faster right hemisphere under hypnosis. EEG studies in highly

hypnotizable individuals show increace in alpha density during eye-closed resting

condition as compared to low hypnotizable individuals (Nowlis & Rhead, 1968;

Barabasz, 1981). In particular, high hypnotizable subjects during waking and

hypnosis conditions had greater theta activity at frontal area as compared to low

hypnotizable individuals (Deivanayagi, et al., 2007). Crawford (1996) reported

significantly smaller N1 and P2 amplitudes (ERP) in highly hypnotizable subjects

than low hypnotizable persons and as stimuli intensities increased, N1 latencies

decreased for the last subjects while N1 latencies increased for highly hypnotizable

subjects.

Conclusion: The findings show that hypnosis is a brain state that neuroanatomic

and even neurochemical characteristics will affect the hypnotizability and related

behaviors. So, we need to understand and study hypnosis that involves special

brain structures and functions.

Key words: hypnosis, hypnotizability, EEG, MRI, ERP

1 Dept. of Biology, Ferdowsi Univ. of Mashhad, Iran , Corresponded author

32


The effectiveness hypnotherapy and medication therapy in quality of life ,frequency and severity symptoms of IBS patients

Solati Dehkordi K1, Aghaei A

2,Rahimian GH

3,Shahbazi K

4

Background and aim: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most

prevalent gastrointestinal disorders that abdominal pain and change in bowel habit

which is without any organic causes. Drug therapy and psychotherapy were

previously used to increase quality of life and decrease psychological symptoms, in

other words there is not agreement about the physical symptoms of IBS. The aim

of this study was comparing the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in addition with

medication therapy on quality of life and severity – frequency with diarrhea

predominant IBS Symptoms.

Methods: This study is experimental with clinical trial pre-test and post –test

and follow-up stage in comparing with control group.. The sample consisted of

gastrointestinal patients had gone to Kashani and Hajar hospitals clinics and

offices of digestion specialists during 3 months. 34 IBS-D patients were

randomly selected according to Rome II and Rome III Criteria. Data were collected

using following:

1-Quality of life especially irritable bowel syndrome patients (QOL-IBS).2-Bowel

Symptoms Severity and Frequency Scale (BSS-FS). by digestive specialists

divided into 2 hypnotherapy and medication therapy groups randomly.Easy

random test was done to complete groups sample in time span. This research had

three stages. The first stage was pre-testing. The second stage was post- testing

stage and the last stage was follow – up which was six months after post-testing

stage. Hypnotherapy for every patient was performed in 5 sessions, lasted 9

months. The collected data were analyzed using Ancova test.

Results: Results showed that there was a significant difference between

hypnotherapy and medication therapy groups in quality of life in pre-test and

post-test stages measurements(P=0.000),IBS symptoms Frequency (P=0.016), IBS

symptoms Severity (P=0.005)after test.This difference was not significant in

pursuance stage of Frequency (P=0.139) and IBS symptoms Severity (P=0.146).

Conclusion:We conclude that medication therapy with hypnotherapy

interference can be useful in quality of life improvement and reduction of physical

symptoms of IBS patients, but not continuity in these cure types leads to relapse of

disease symptoms.

Key word: irritable bowel syndrome ,hypnotherapy, medication therapy. 1 Assistant professor.Psychology Dept., Shahrekord Univ. of Med.Sci

2 Associate professor. Psychology Dept.,Islamic Azad Univ.of Khorasgan

3 Assistant professor.Gastroenterology Dept., Shahrekord Univ. of Med.Sci

4 MS in Psychology., Shahrekord Univ. of Med.Sci


The effect of hypnosis imagery and non-hypnosis on performance of free throw skill in basketball Teymoori S

1, Sohrab M

2, Fathi M

3, Pasalar F

4 , Enferadi M

5 , Doosti F

Introduction: One of the highly effective psychological techniques in the field

of sport is hypnotism.

Sport hypnosis is "a method in which trainers, sports psychologists or researchers

persuade athletes or subjects to experience a change in feeling, perception, thinking

and behavior.Thus, researchers began to examine this question Whether effect

hypnosis imagery with non hypnosis is different?

Method: Statistical population included female students at Ferdowsi University

of Mashhad who had passed General PE course in the first educational semester of

1390-1391. From this population, 45 students with high mental imagery were

selected and randomly assigned to three groups, two experimental groups (1and 2)

and one control group.

The experimental group 1 had 7 minutes of inculcation and mental imagery

about sport techniques (free throw basketball) concentration, thinking and

relaxation and physical activity in 7 sessions of 30 minutes and the experimental

group 2 had 7 minutes of mental imagery in 7 sessions of 30 minutes without

trance and with physical activity . The third group, i.e. the control group,

performed physical activity during this time. The clarity of subjects‘ mental

imagery was homogenized using MIQ-R questionnaire.

Results: dependent T-test was used to determine the effect of these exercises on

performance of the subjects. Results of within groups showed that hypnosis

imagery( 6.66, p< ./001)=(t(14) and non hypnosis( was effected on performance

subjects.Also examine differences between groups were tested using one-way

analysis of variance,and Results showed that there are significant differences

between groups.Tukey post hoc test to locate differences illustrate showed the

usefulness of hypnosis imagery compared to other groups.

Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that hypnosis imagery and non

hypnosis influence the performance of free throw skill in basketball but hypnosis

imagery compared to non hypnosis has more influence on performance of free

throw skill in basketball.

Keywords: hypnosis imagery, mental imagery, performance

1 MA student of PE at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 Associate Professor of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 3 Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. 4 MD corresponded author Iranian scientific society of clinical hypnosis

5 MA student at Azad University of Torbat Jam

34


Introduction to the Neurophysiology of Hypnosis Moghadam-Ahmadi A

1, Sharifi-Razavi A

2, Omrani L

3, Alamdar H

Introduction : Hypnosis has been defined throughout the ages in many

different ways, by as many different authors. Hypnosis is not ―sleep‖ but also differ

from ―waking‖ state. A review of recent neurophysiological evidence deriving

from EEG, CT, PET, MRI, and intracranial studies indicates, though, that hypnosis

is an individual differences phenomenon, i.e, a state of selective attentional and

disattentional processes, with converse physiological responses according to

hypnotizability.

Results: Although it was considered as a ―neurologic sleep‖ state, now it is

evident that ―hypnosis‖ and ―sleep‖ does not have any psychological or neurologic

properties in common. In fact, electrical function of the brain in hypnosis is more

similar to an ―awake‖ and ―aware‖ person, rather than a ―sleep‖ person.

Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies of hypnosis have failed to reveal a clear-

cut EEG signature to the hypnotic state; however, EEG findings clearly establish

that hypnosis is not sleep. The hypnotic state consistently is associated with

increased theta activity in high versus low hypnotizables, yet the type and location

of theta activity may be more important in hypnotic responding than theta activity

per se.

Studies of event-related potentials (ERPs) in hypnotic influences on cognitive

and perceptual processes have provided more documents in understanding the

neurologic basis of hypnosis, and have implicated that hypnotic suggestions for

perceptual changes make some variations in brain response to the stimulus in that

specific modality. Also, functional imagery studies such as positron emission

tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies

have consistently documented significant differences in the brain functioning of

high and low hypnotizables, and suggest that hypnotic hallucinations are

comparable to actual perceptual events and not simply the product of imagination.

Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) show bilateral increase in occipital lobes, and

also in inferior frontal areas, especially in response to hypnotic inductions for

decreasing pain.

Discussion and Conclusion: Overall, the evidence strongly implicates the role

of the frontal/parietal system in hypnotic responding, and particularly the role of

1 (corresponding author), Assistant professor of neurology, Rafsanjan university of medical sciences,

Rafsanjan, Iran 2 Neurology assistant, Qa‘em hospital, Mashhad university of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran 3 Student of general psychology, Ghoochan‘s Payame Noor university,Ghoochan,Iran


the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) as an explanatory system for many of the

phenomenon of hypnosis.

Hypnosis is an individual differences phenomenon, i.e., a complex process of

―attentive –receptive focused attention‖ with diminished peripheral awareness,

activating an interplay between cortical and subcortical brain dynamics such as

both attentional and disattentional processes. High hypnotizables have exceptional

attentional filtering and sensory-perceptual gating abilities, so that high

hypnotizability may constitute a selective pattern of brain activation/deactivation.

Keywords: Hypnosis, Neurophysiology, Elecroencephalography (EEG), Event-

related potentials (ERPs

36


The Effects of Guided Imagery on Pain of Orthopedic Operations in Traumatic Patients

Chamanzari H, Raffe S, Modarres Qeravi M, Ebrahim Zadeh S

Background and Aim: in post-operative period, one of the most important

complaints of the patients is the post- operative pain. Sever orthopedic post-

operative pain are completely current due to the nature of operation procedure.

Since the usage of anti-pain methods, especially narcotic drugs have lots of side

effects, the combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods can

be the most effective way of pain relief. One of non- pharmacological methods is

the guided imagery; though the evidences of such intervention are little. So the

main objective of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of guided

imagery on pain of orthopedic operations in traumatic patients.

Methods and Materials: in this clinical trial 74 traumatic patients who needed

the orthopedic internal fixation operation were placed in two groups including a

control group (37 subjects) and a guided imagery group (37 subjects). The control

group just received the routine cares but the guided imagery group received more

cares in which they usually listened to guided imagery CD from 3 days prior to

their operation to 3 days after the operation for 18 minutes twice a day. The pains

of the both groups were assessed by McGill Pain Questionnaire once in each 12

hours, and with the numerical analogue scale once in each 6 hours. After

completion, the data were analyzed by Mann-whitney and T test.

Results: The data analysis showed that the total score of McGill Pain

Questionnaire in guided imagery group had a significant statistical difference in

comparison with the control group (p= 0.000); and the pain quality and the pain

duration of guided imagery group have had significant statistical difference

(p=0.42 and p=0.001 respectively); but there was no significant difference between

the two groups in pain intensity (p=0.221).

Conclusion:the application of guided imagery since 3 days before the operation

to 3 days after the operation twice a day can decrease the total score of the pain and

the duration of the pain and the improving the pain quality 3 days after the

operation but it had no effect on pain intensity

Key Words: Guided Imagery; Post-Operative Pain; Orthopedic Operation;

Trauma


Hypnotapy effect on relapse rate reduction of opiate dependence and withdrawal symptoms

Amirian K 1

Introduction: This study has been done investigated the effect of hypnotrapy

symptoms and relapse rate after quitting addiction.

Methods: In a clinical trial, 22 patients after the withdrawal, entry into the

study were, randomized experimental and control groups were 11 people.

Both groups participated equally in the cognitive therapy sessions, moreover test

groups attended also in a period of five a meeting hypnotrapy. After six months of

follow-up, Relapse rate in both groups were compared. Also in the intervention

group, Hypnosis works on the symptoms of withdrawal was examined.

Results: To end Follow-up recurrence was seen in the test group, 40% and in the

control group 73%. Of view the patients was positive effects of self – hypnosis on

insomnia 88%, restlessness 80%, pain 60% and autonomic system dysfunction

33%.

Conclusion: Based on findings this study however hypnotrapy there was no

statistically significant effect on recurrence opiate addicts, but the results were

statistically significant.

Keywords: Hypnosis, Addiction, Recurrence, symptoms after Withdrawal

1 University payamnor

38


Mind-body interventions as a treatment for cancer-related fatigue

Anjomrouz M1, Zangouei A

2 , HajiRezaei HR, Seydali E

Introduction: fatigue is a subjective experience that affects everybody.It is a

state of general tiredness which is the result of overexertion and can be relieved by

rest and sleep. But cancer therapyis more distressingand persistant than usual

fatigue and is not proportional to recent activity. Cancer-related fatigue has

complex and multifactorial structure whichis associated with significantly impaired

functioning and overall quality of life.Altough the exact cause of cancer-related

fatigueis unknown it seems that it has a variety of physiological and psychosocial

causes. In this review article we concentrated on themind-body treatmen.

Methods and materials:we systematically searchedPub Med,

SienceDirect,SpringerLink,and other databases and identified 70 relevent articles.

Findings: Hypnosis is the induction of a deeply relaxed state with increased

suggestiblity.Imagery techniques(such as guided imagery) used in this state called

the hypnotic trance involves induction of a relaxed state interventions

(hypnosis/imagery)andhave demonstrated beneficial effects on cancer-related

fatigue.

Conclusion: More studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of other mind-

body interventionsin relievingfatigue ,pain and sleep disturbance syndrome cluster

incancer patents.

Keywords: fatigue,CRF: cancer-related fatigue,mind-body ,hypnosis

1 corresponded author , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

2 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences


The Effect of Hypnosis on Sport Performance in Footsall Players

Heidarwi A, Ghasemi D, Pasha G, Kamali AH, Askari P

The purpose of this study was investigate the effect of hypnosis on sport

performance in footsall players. Participants were 14 male players between 20 to

27 years old which selected from 24 players of a footsall team, and equally and

randomly assigned to either a control or an experimental group. Experimental

group was exposed to 7 sessions of 30 min. during 7 weeks in which suggestions

and mental imagery in these topics: better concentration, better performance, more

relaxation. Sport performance included in three parts: shoot into the goal, pass the

ball in statistic state, and pass the ball in moving state to the points of 20 meters.

Control group was received no intervention. Both groups followed their exercise

physically practice during this research and continued their competitive strategy

that was totally unrelated to the performance task. Research plan was pre-test and

post-test with control group. Analysis with multivariate Co-variance showed

significant improvement in all three parts of sport performance (p<0.05).

Keywords: hypnosis, sport performance

40


Plummet Induction Technique (PIT): a new method of self-hypnosis instruction for Mobarakeh Steel Complex industrial workers

Hamidfar B1

Introduction: Due to hard jobs, industrial workers are faced with occupational

stress, chronic fatigue syndrome, musculoskeletal pain and reduction of mind-body

capabilities more than others. The more years of experience they have, the more

stress-induced problems and disabling sickness would be occurred and also more

absenteeism at work and industrial shut downs. This study represents a new self-

hypnotic induction method and evaluates it in Mobarakeh Steel Complex industrial

workers.

Methods and Materials: Plummet Induction Technique (PIT), a new method

for self-hypnosis, was designed by the writer on a basis of general rules of

hypnosis process and suggestion and modified through live feedbacks. PIT training

was given to industrial workers of Mobarakeh Steel Complex in a population of

225 cases in 15 groups in a period of 18 months. Because of data loss, 100 cases

were selected for statistical study. The method was validated by researcher-made

questionnaire. A 6-hour seminar followed by individual sessions was the format

that permitted by the company to accomplish. PIT does not need more than 3

minutes to be performed. Pretest-posttest method was used for the Interpretation of

results.

Findings: Results showed that 86% of cases were agreed with the short

performance period time, 92% with being easy to learn, and 76% with being

enjoyable. Rapid deepening was seen in 60% of cases.

Conclusion: Industrial workers and occupational health care providers mark

PIT as a necessary tool with positive effects. However industrial work environment

dictates some limitations on data-gathering process, appropriate time and condition

for instructional interferences and samples follow-up possibilities and the statistical

studies, PIT could be recommended.

Keywords: Hypnosis, Mind-Body Therapy, Occupational Health, Industry, worker.

1 MD corresponded author Iranian scientific society of clinical hypnosis


An analysis of the effect of thermal induction on skin surface temperature under hypnotic trance

Sookhtanlou M , Sharifi H

Introduction: Since the inception of hypnosis, there has been a controversy

over the question whether hypnosis is a cognitive or physiological condition? The

importance of this matter lies in the fact that different psychological schools of

thoughts, and consequently different therapeutic methods, have their own attitude

toward hypnotism. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the ambiguity

surrounding this matter.

Method: This study was conducted on 30 students of Mashhad Payame noor

University using both pre-test and post-test. After the realization of hypnotic

trance, heating and cooling induction were carried out at two different stages. To

measure the physiological parameters, the temperature of subjects‘ both hands was

measured before and after hypnotic trance in a constant environmental temperature

using infrared thermometer (Fluke62 mini) with one degree error coefficient

To monitor the intervening variable, the temperature of both hands was measured

after induction. To examine the cognitive aspects of hypnosis, the subjects filled

out a questionnaire in Likert-scale format about the extent of temperature change

felt during hypnotism in their hand.

Results: The result of data analysis using dependent T-Test revealed there was

not a significant difference between the average temperature of the hand exposed to

cooling induction after and before hypnotism even at 95 percent confidence level,

while there was a significant difference between the hand exposed to heating

induction before and after hypnotism at 99 percent confidence level. As to the

cognitive dimension, 91 percent of the subjects had felt the heat or the cold after

trance.

Discussion: The significance of temperature difference of both hands in heating

experiment before and after hypnotic induction demonstrates that hypnotic

phenomena affect physiology. That temperature change was not significant in both

inductions can be explained as below: first the cooling experiment was conducted

and then the heating induction and subjects, having experienced hypnotism, were

more receptive to induction. The high percentage of the heat and the cold felt by

subjects also indicate to the cognitive dimension.

Key words: hypnosis, cognitive, physiological, temperature change.

42


Evaluation of the effect of hypnosis on the treatment of tension headache.

Joudi Marjan1, Fathi M

2, Harati H, Joudi Maryam

Pain is the most common cause of the presence patients in the clinics, and

headache is one of the most frequent cause of ethronic pains. Tension headaches is

usually non organic and could appear at any tome of day. Although usually

increases at the end of the daily activitics. One of the non-drug therapeutic

modalities for tension headache is induction of hypnotism and relaxation. In our

study 30 patients (13 men,17 females). With mean age of 21.5 years (17.38) who

were known cases of tension headache underwent hypnotism, in 3 to 7 sessions.

Our technique was progressive relaxation and guided imagery. Patients were

followed for one month. There was no headache in 16 patients (53.3%) , while

hypnotism was not effective in 4 patients (13.3%). In 3 patients there were no

change in the intensity and frequency of headache, and in 6 patients the frequency

and intensity of pain was alleviated, so the days or treatment for analgesic was

decreased significantly. One patient did not follow the treatment and was omitted

from the study.

We concluded that this induction of hypnotism is an effective modality for te

treatment of tension headache.

Key words: Tension headache, Induction of hypnotism.




Effects of self- hypnosis on the self efficasy of college students

Akbari MotlaqM1, Dastgheyb S

2, Dareke M

3, Rezayi H

4

Introduction: Self hypnosis is a state of deep relaxation that uncontious of the

person that is normally hidden and elusive, are available through it , and the

acceptance of mind in this case rises to the extent that create necessary changes in

mind. On the other hand, research has shown that increase the efficiency of its

growth and development of the individual is in restraint. So the aim of this study

was to investigate the effectiveness of self- hypnosis on the self efficasy of college

students of Jahad Academic center of mashhad.

Method & Materials: This study was semi- experimental research by using

pretest- posttest control group design. For this purpose, 34 students( 20 female and

14 male) of Jahad Academic center of mashhad city were chosen as participants

randomly. In this study self efficasy inventory( GSES) was used as pre and post-

test. The experimental group were trained on self- hypnosis. The results obtained

by using independent T- test and SPSS- 16.

Findings: results of this study showed that there was significant difference

between pre- to post test scores in experimental group.

Conclusion: With respect to the reinforcement effect of self- hypnosis on

mental forces, and also, the ability of people to learning and use of this method,

self hypnosis can utilize in order to increase self- efficacy in college students.

Key words: self- hypnosis, self efficasy, college students.

1 - M.A in general psychology, Instroctor of Islamic Azad university torbat jaam branch

2 -PHD in psychiatry, Medical sciences university of mashhad

3 - M.A in general psychology

4 - M.A in general psychology

44


Surgery: An experience of spontaneous hypnosis Joudi M1

, Fathi M2

Introduction: physiologic components of hypnosis are dissociation, absorption

and reduce of peripheral awareness. Dissociation refers to disperse of inner mental

impulses. Those aren‘t in correlation with outside object. Absorption converse

mind to focus on object. Induction of these two components follows to reduce of

peripheral awareness. This Experien occures frequently every day, such as when

some body reads an article, components that mentioned above are present, then

spontaneous hypnosis occures.

Also, surgery is a process hat surgeon's mind focuses on procedure and he (she)

dissociates of unnecessary outer and owner impulses. This situation provides

imagi: nation of procedure.

Conclusion: spontaneous hypnosis occures frequently every day. Surgeons are

in hypnotic state whenever, they involve on his work.




Reiew of virtual reality techniques in the treatment and assessment of obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD)

Arzegar A, Tahamy SE

Introduction: Obsessive - compulsive disorder is one of the common mental

disorders that can cause many problems for patients. In this paper the modern

virtual reality techniques are introduced and different ways of using this technique

to treat or improve the condition of patients with OCD are discussed and finally the

proper technique is proposed.

Methods: Numbers of Recent researches of VR were evaluated and in their

newest and most efficient, 30 patients with OCD and 27 healthy volunteer in the

VR environments are facing the tasks that were designed for diagnosis, treatment

and acceptance of virtual reality environment so their behavior was studied. Method involves three stages of education, acceptance environment and main

tasks.

Results: Statistical results indicated that in VR-based behavioral therapy Y-

BOCS (Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale) scores decreased greatly

compared with the Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. (SSRI), so frequency of

checking behavior (0.117), time of checking (0.015) and path length (0.185) were

lowered significantly and there are no adverse effects.

Conclusion: Review of different methods showed that the virtual environment

can cause biofeedback of behavior, biological parameters recording and processing

to obtain the patient's psychological and physiological conditions, combining

different methods, the Optional environments instant control and treatment of

multiple disorders is introduced as a new cost effective method of OCD assessment

and treatment.

Keywords: obsessive - compulsive disorder, virtual reality, behavioral therapy,

assessment and treatment.

46


Comparison of physical practice and random mental imagination on performance and learning of tracking task

Sohrabi M1

This research "The Effect Of Physical Practice and Random/Blocked Mental

Imagery on Performance and Learning of Tracking Task" on 108 Ferdowsi

University students in 9(nine) groups of 12 students with mean age of (21.69 ±

1.51) and mean of MIQ score of ( 51.26 ± 2.99) were done. The group of do

physical practice and mental imagery in two methods of random and blocked in

10(ten) sessions. Results show that between Performance of Random/Blocked

Mental imagery with Random/Blocked physical Practice in acquisition process was

significant. Physical Practice groups were better. But, difference between physical

Practice groups and combined groups wasn't significant. In retention process,

Random/Blocked mental imagery in comparison with physical Practice and

combined groups had a better performance. Random mental imagery in comparison

of Blocked mental imagery was better. Also Reconstruction hypothesis of Lee and

Magil for non effect contextual interference with generalized motor program

parameter change is contradict. However mental imagery with Peter Lang's

Bioinformational Theory is agreeable. According to this theory mental imagery of

movement task in a special speed conduce to speed interference with next

movement.

Key words: Mental Imagery, Contextual Interference, Retroactive Interference,

and Bioinformational Theory.

1 Associate professor of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad


Hypnosis Depth Determination, Using Empirical Mode Decomposition

Baghdadi G, Nasrabadi AM1

Introduction: Nowadays, electroencephalogram (EEG) processing, in different

brain mode such as sleep, anesthesia, epilepsy, mental activity and hypnosis are put

under consideration, in vital signal processing. Following these studies, in this

research the effect of hypnosis on brain activity was investigated.

Method: In this research using improved empirical mode decomposition (EMD)

algorithm, different features were extracted from EEG signal of 32 right-handed

men, which their hypnotizability score have been measured by Waterloo-Stanford

group scale. Then using statistical analyses, it is investigated that if hypnosis and

hypnotizability have significant effect on the features or not. The results showed

that hypnosis induction and the level of the hypnotizability have significant effects

on different features in various brain waves, in special brain lobes.

Different appropriate features for classifying three hypnotizable groups were

selected using statistical analyses and the area under ROC curve (AUC). The

selected features are evaluated by a KNN classifier and two features were

introduced as the best features for determining of the hypnotizability level, based

on Leave-one-out (LOO) cross validation results.

Result: The result of investigations showed that there are some EEG features

which can be used as an index of the subject hypnotizability level. The first one is a

feature based on Higuchi‘s fractal dimension, which is selected because of the

number of required recording electrodes (one channel, with an average classifying

error of 6.25%). The second one is a linear combination of scaling parameter in

theta band in channel 9 and Higuchi‘s and Petrosian‘s fractal dimension in channel

13, which is selected because of its lower classifying error (approximately with no

error). As the hypnosis depth has a direct relation with hypnotizability, hypnosis

trance can be estimated, using the introduced features instead of common standard

subjective clinical method.

In the next stage of the study, hypnosis depth changes are investigated along

hypnosis induction. As we have no information about the time of the depth

changes, we have to use unsupervised or clustering algorithms. Using Kmeans

clustering algorithm and different features, hypnosis EEG signals are represented

as cluster-time maps. In these maps, it is showed that different hypnotizable groups

1 Biomedical Engineering Department, Shahed University, Across Imam Khomeini Holy Shrine,

Persian Gulf Highway, Tehran, Iran

48


have selected different clusters in different time windows along hypnosis

induction. Using this technique and a feature based on Beta wave energy, a

significant result is obtained for estimating depth of hypnosis along different 3

minutes time windows of hypnosis EEG. Transforming some features values to z-

score values also represents a method for estimating instantaneous depth of

hypnosis.

Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that hypnosis induction and

hypnotizability level make significant effect on brain hemisphere activities,

frequency band energy, spatial and temporal correlation and phase synchronization

of EEG signals. It was also shown that the clinicians can measure the subject‘s

hypnotizability level at the end of hypnosis induction based on the EEG feature

instead of using traditional subjective method such as Waterloo-Stanford test. In

addition a new method for online estimation of hypnosis depth during hypnosis

suggestion based on EEG feature‘s z-core was developed.

Keywords: Hypnotizability; Hypnosis Depth; EEG; EMD; LOO; z-score;

cluster-time-map; AUC.


The influence of mental imagery of focus of attention on performance and learning of dart throwing skill of children and adults

Haghkhah A1, Sohrabi M

2, Taheri HR

3 , Mohammadi

J

4

Abstract

Imagery is ―using all the senses to recreate or create an experience in the mind‖

(Vealey & Walter, 1993). So sport psychologists attended to various techniques

imagery as a mental practice. The purpose of present research is The influence of

mental imagery of focus of attention and age on performance and learning of dart

throwing skill .Therefore 33 right handed male students of Azad university of

Jahrom and 33 right handed male students in fourth and fifth in primary level of

Jahrom who got the best score of VMIQ-2 test were selected and organized to 3

groups including 11 people the group of mental imagery of external focus of

attention (attention to dart board) , the group of mental imagery of internal focus of

attention (attention to elbow) , control group that they didn‘t have any practice of

mental imagery. Test of mental imagery groups in 6 sessions and each session 5

minutes do mental imagery that is related to their groups at first, aloof the

participants were trained similary throwing to dart board. At the end of sixth

session were taked posttest like pretest and after the 48 hours since of last throwing

were taked delayed retention test. For analyses of data was used of any-way

ANOVA and two-way ANOVA and hoc test and excel software was used to draw

graphs .

Result :The results showed that mental imagery internal and external focus of

attention improve children performance but retention stage didn‘t observe

significant difference between the experimental group and control group. Anyway

the findings showed that adult in experimental group of mental imagery internal

and external focus of attention did better in performance stage of control group and

mental imagery external focus of attention group was better in learning compared

with mental imagery internal focus of attention.

Key word: Mental Imagery, Internal focus of attention & External focus of

attention

1 Master of sciences of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad



4 Master of sciences of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad

50


The impact of cognitive-Behaviour Hypnotherapy in decreaseing the anxiety the college level students in 1387.

Janbaz Freydoony K1

Introduction:This research is based on the cognitive-behaviour hypnotherapy

and designed to solve or to decrease the problem of the anxiety. Coynitive-

behavioral hypnosis in based on this theory that most menaldearangement are a

negative form of self-hipnosis in which some negative thoughts are accepted in a

noncritical way and unconciously . This therapeutic perspective helps the

individual to over come his anxiety problems and creat a permenant change by

using relaxation techniques , guided images , cognitive reforming and successive

approximation. The main purpose of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of

cognitive- behavioural hypnosis on decreasing the college level students, anxiety.

Methods:This is asemi-empirical reaserch . incloding pre-test and post-test.

The statistical community consisted of all the collagelevel students in

freydounkenar.twenty six students were randomly chosen and divied into two

groups (a control and experimental thirteen-member groups)STAI-Y questionnaire

was used.

Findings:After holding eight session cognitive-behavioral hypnosis treatement

in different topics in experimental groups and analyzing the results by using SPSS

and independent T-Test, the results backs this idea that cognitive-behavioral

hypnosis can be very effective in decreasing the students, anxiety in experimental

group.(in comparision to control groups).

Conclusion:According to the results,it is concluded that using T-tests can be an

effective way decrease the students, anxiety and all therapeutists can consider it as

an efficient way in the treatment of mental dearangement.

Key words: cognitive-Behavioral Hypnoterapy -Anxiety.

1 MA FamilyCounselingCenterEltiam , FamilyCounseling,FarhangianClinic in Babolsar city ,

community member of counseling Education'sFereydonkenar city


EEG Signal assessment in the OCD patients using Quantification of Event Related Potentials

Khaksar MH1

Khalilzadeh MA , 2

Yousef Zadeh V , 3

Ghanae A , 4

Moghimi A , 5

Introduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the most

prevalent Obsessive disorders with anxiety many other behavioral symptoms.

Quantification and assessment of brain signals (EEG) and comparison with the

healthy controls in order to faster detection and differential diagnosis of behavioral

disorders is one of the interests of researchers. The aim of this study was evaluation

of brain signals of OCD patients using event related potential (ERP) signals. The

objectives are, Evaluation varying of ERP signals related to working memory for

the subjects response which is disturbed due to OCDand comparison with healthy

control subjects.

Method and Materials: The main focus of this project was on the selection of

real and the same type of OCD subjects and Optimum data acquisition and signal

processing. In the data acquisition part we provided a setup to record three

channels ERP signal from 20 healthy and 20 patient subjects (all volunteers) which

were selected through clinical interviews and Bill Brown test. In the signal

processing part, the procedure were followed as, noise and EOG artifact removal,

ERP extraction by synchronize averaging, feature extraction including 48 time,

frequency and wavelet features, feature optimization by PCA and finally, data

classification using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Elman Neural Network,

and Support Vector Machine (SVM).

Results: the discrimination of ERP signals related to True responses for the

healthy and OCD subjects in 300-800 msec after stimulus were more activated and

in the best case, the responses 98 percent were classified by SVM classifier in the

PZ channel. Also, ERP signals related to the False responses for the healthy and

OCD subjects in 700-1000 msec after stimulus were more activated in the best

1 M.Sc in biomedical Engineering – The Applied Research Center For Neurofeedback &

Neurobehavioral Sciences (AREN) – Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad – Iran. 2 PhD in biomedical Engineering– Islamic Azad University Of Mashhad - Iran

3 PhD scholar, center of intelligent signal and imaging research, Department of Electrical

and Electronics Engineering – University Technology, PETRONAS, perak, Malaysia 4 PhD in NeuroSciences - Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad - Iran

5 PhD in neurophysiology - The Applied Research Center For Neurofeedback

&Neurobehavioral Sciences (AREN) – Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad - Iran

52


case, the responses 92.3 percent were classified by SVM classifier in the PZ, CZ

channels. OCD response category showed more activation especially in the 500-

800 msec in comparison to healthy subjects. The total classification result for

whole three channels was about 96 percent which shows that the proposed method

can be considered as a proper tool for discrimination of response categories.

Conclusion: The obtained results were adopted with the previous studies that

claimed the significant differences of the ERP signal amplitude in OCD subjects.

Obtaining ERP signal of a suspicious for OCD and its evaluation would be proper

potential factor to detect the present of the disorder in patients.

Keywords: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Event Related Potential,

Working memory


The effect of hypnotic inspirations upon fluctuations of student's balance

Mirpour M, Moghaddam A

Nowadays psychological of sport with surveying of various mental skills and

profiting of scientific method have much influence in sport (Moghadam, 2006).

Some subjects that was interested by psychological researchers of sport; is he

studying of hypnotic effects in athletics function, so that because of such

researches, using of hypnotism in sport gradually, has found its own place in sport

practices, competitions scene and matches. Main reason for using of hypnotic in

sport is the increasing and improvement of function and/or related aspects of

function increasing such as decreasing of stress and anxiety, increasing of tendency

and concentrate, increasing of motive and mentality.

For this hypnotism was called as mental doping (kastel vilmer, 2005), because when

athletic is in hypnotism manner, it is making for him rapture and appeal manner,

decrising and separate knowledge of circumstance and also producing of inspiration in

him (Nasr abadi 2003). With such approach; this research is proceeding to the

comparison of the effect of hypnotically inspirations upon fluctuations of student's

balance. The research was completed in manner of semi-experimental method and from

fundamental type. The participants in this research was including of 22 students of

physical education which were studying in Islamic azad university- Mashhad banch with

average of 24 age, that were volunteer and eligible for participating in research. The

capability of hypnotism in participants was tested using of Estenfords capability of

hypnotism measure (1987). Collective measure of Estenfords, is including of 12 testes

for surveying of capability of hypnotism, which is consisting all ideals and works that

are practicable. Grading to this measure is based on some questions which is asked from

the person and can perform collective. also the balance was metered using of a digital

evaluation balance machine or body condition evaluation machine. This machine meters

the postural fluctuations of that person in different directions. In this research was using

from general index of body postural fluctuations in all directions (deviance scale of

balance point) as balance. Duty of participant was under the condition to become or

stand balance without hypnotic infusions (basic condition), in manner of hypnotism and

after the hypnotism (5 minuets- two weeks) on evaluation balance machine. All the

participants in every condition has performed for 20 seconds attempt upon the evaluation

balance machine. For analyzing of data used t test that is using for statistical analyze.

Results: The results about fluctuation indictor as balance performing indictor

hows that there is main effect, which is meaningful, in hypnotic inspirations upon

hysique/ balance fluctuations, so that, becoming conditional toward hypnotism

inspirations, has been establishing suitable improvement in balance operation on

different condition of task.

54


Hypnodontic Ramezani H

1 Introduction:Hypnodontic is a branch of dentistry which discussed control and

application of suggestion and the induction of hypnosis for dental procedures.

Methods: A comprehensive review of Databases Meddline,Pubmed,Scopus by

using key words: Hypnodontic, Dental analgesia & Dental anxiety. article of the analgesic effects of hypnosis in dentistry and dental anxiety were

reviewed.

Results: Been investigated in studies The following were emphasized more than

others: Cooperation, especially in pediatric patients. Reduce patients anxiety and

fear,and prevention of fear for the next visits. Prepare patients for analgesia (At

90%) Or the use of hypnoanesthesia alone (About 20 to 30%). Allows us to forget

the painful past medical affairs. Reducing or stopping the flow of saliva. catalpsy

or freezing in maxilofacial muscles to maintain muscle during the treatment period. Increasing the duration of anesthesia by post hypnotic suggestions. Eliminate

nausea and spitting reflex in patients using removable prosthodontics and

orthodontic appliances.

Conclusion: All dentists can learn all the techniques of hypnotherapy and do

not need unusual and wonderful powers. The use of hypnosis for dental treatments,

does not have the smallest danger or complication . Hypnodontic does not create

any risk of psychiatric complications for dental patients. The author recommends

learning hypnosis to dentists.

1 ( D.D.S. & Hypnodentist ) Founding board member of Iranian Society of Clinical Hypnosis.


A pilot study of the use of hypnosis and suggestion in pediatric dentistry in Mashhad dental school

Makarem A1, Sariri HR

2

The foundation of practicing dentistry for children is the ability to guide them

through their dental experiences. In the short term; this ability is prerequisite to

providing for their immediate dental needs.

The use of hypnosis in dentistry is sometimes referred to as HYPNODONTICS.

Hennon comments that hypnodontics can become an extension of an already

established chair side manner. The technique has no significant disadvantages if the

practitioner regards it as an alternative to behavior management and not as the

ultimate solution to all management problems. Hypnosis and suggestion are

applied for a variety of causes in the field of dentistry as follows: Inducing

anesthesia, control functional or psychosomatic gagging, control hemorrhage and

salivation, prevent and treatment of oral habits (e.g. thumbsuking, bruxism … )

11 children who need dental treatment and have some behavior problem, such as:

management of behavior, anesthesia induces, gagging control, hemorrhage and

salivation control and had bad oral habits, were treated in Pediatric dentistry

department of Mashhad dental school. Of 4 children who were under treatment

with this technique 3 of them showed a better result to our treatment and 1 was not

significantly successful. From 3 children who went under local anesthesia 2 of

them gave a positive result and 1 ended up to be not significantly important.

Moreover, the two children who had bleeding and salivation control problem were

treat with suggestion showed positive result. Finally, the only child who was

treated by using this technique because of oral bleeding gave a very positive result.

Conclusion: This study showed that if the dentist regards hypnosis and

suggestion as an alternative to behavior management and not as the ultimate

solution to all management problems the technique will be successful and has no

significant disadvantages.

1 Professor of Pediatric dentistry

2 Dentist

56


Anesthesia and analgesia in hypnosis in operation Soltani Nadjaf Abadi F

1

Zigmond Froid he is the base man in Psychology .

He and Bruer ( his coworker) studied in technical of hypnosis in control of

pair especially in operation pain.

In orther to better understand of mechanism of hypnosis we should be

review of this.

In the first stage you feel like to take a nap. (The brain,s waves become Alfa

)feeling relaxation , but contrary to sleeping only concentration in this stage

causes you to enter the second stage of hypnosis .In this stage more

concentration and deep hypnosis cause the body relaxation and calmness so

that finally there is a complete insensibility .Just like syncope ,you forget time

and place .Grandually, the body enters the third stage when you have no

awareness of the environment so that you can 't hear and voice.Despite the eyes

opened ,you can not see anything .Nothing occured to you .In this stage you

can hear and see only what you concentrate on it.

This is a question how hypnosis help to control of pain in operation we

know that hypnosis acts directly by means of endogenous stimulation of

opium crrent.

Naloxan as an antagonist of opium has no effect on hypnotic

insensibility.Hypnosis cause Beta and andorphine increase in blood serum and

also psychological processes and non physiologic effects. It seems that hypnosis

acts much more that an plasibo.Hypnosis insensibility considers both awareness

of pain and the techniques of pain release like distraction , calmness , relaxation,

changing the situation and the resistance against pain.Actually , hypnosis is an

ability of changing psychological components against the experiment of pain.

Hyposis can manage and control of post surgical pain. David Pederson a

spokesperson for the American Association of Nurse Anesthetist which

recognize the techniques as a valid from of analgesia. It is often natural for

anesthesia that everything is fine to put them in a comfort zone a form of

hypnosis , he said hypnosis can be an effective way to control and find cause

for insomnia, auxiety and pain.These patient are discharged as soon as

possible and save their money.

1 BS of nursing of shahid rajae heart hospital


Historical procedure of Hypnotism according to documents and thesis

Kafie R

Our medical history is full of Hypnotism documents and historical procedure

which have been remained in our ancestor‘s manuscripts. Reviewing the

manuscripts show the usage and required information of Hypnotism also studying

some of available documents in library of Shahid Beheshti University and the

national archives contains many interesting information about Hypnotism.

In this study which has been based on the thesis and documents available in

Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University and the national archives can illustrate the

historical procedure of Hypnotism.

In this paper around 2000 documents have been reviewed from the classified

medical documents, and the required information about the Hypnotism and

Magnetism has been selected.

Studying about 7 dental theses illustrates the various attitudes and applying the

new techniques which have been gone to oblivion from while ago.

These thesis contain the information about the historical procedure of Hypnotism.

Key words: Hypnotism, Magnetism,mesmerisim

58


Effectiveness of Hypnotism in Anxiety Reduction (A Laboratory Study) Borhani F

1

Descriptive Study: In a laboratory study, the results of clinical research about

the effects of hypnotism in reducing anxiety during 1997-2011 have been analyzed.

The articles including 15 clinical papers, 5 meta-analytic reports and laboratory

researches have been selected from the International Journal of Clinical

Hypnotism. The total subjects in clinical articles were 901 and the number of

subjects in meta-analytic and laboratory studies has not been mentioned.

Statistical Analysis:The vas has been used in analyzing all of the

abovementioned articles. Both genders and all of age groups participated in the

research. In all researches, there was a control group. The anxiety factor in

different problems including delivery pain, post-operation pain, memory reduction,

and exam stress has been assessed.

Results: The results of measurements indicate that hypnotism is more effective

in comparison with other methods or control group. In all of the studies, anxiety

reduction was approved.

Discussion: With consideration to the fact that the studies have been conducted

on different age groups for both genders with various problems, the effectiveness

of hypnotism as a complementary therapeutic method for reducing anxiety is

approved.

Key words: Hypnotism, vas, anxiety

1 Holding bachelor‘s degree in midwifery and yoga instructor Member of the Iranian Hypnotism

Association


Hypnosis and nursing care Lotfi Fatemi SN

1

Introduction: Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness. Patients entering

hospitals, clinics or physician's offices for procedures are in an altered state, which

makes them more susceptible to suggestions by health care workers. No health care

worker spends more time with the patient than the nurse; therefore, it makes sense

that hypnosis and nursing are a perfect combination.It is the nurse's responsibility

to know the difference between negative toxic language and therapeutic positive

language.

Method: this is a review article that has been provided descriptively.We studied

available resources such as the relevant books, workshops, and articles which

published in Pubmed and Medline.

Results:Of all professions, nursing is the most trusted. This is because nursing

care is based on rapport with the patient. For the nurse, rapport is gaining trust and

confidence. For hypnotists, rapport is a light stage of hypnosis in which the client

or patient accepts suggestions. Research shows that when rapport (hypnosis)

between the patient and the health care provider is optimal, the healing process is

enhanced.

Nurses and Nurse Anesthetists are in a perfect position to use words to change

thoughts. They can say to patients, as they enter general anesthesia, "You will

wake up feeling better than you thought you would - feeling pleasantly." And when

the patient is emerging from anesthesia, they can say, "You should be comfortable;

if not let us know."

Unfortunately, as many nurses and nurse anesthetists talk to their patients, they

are not aware of how their words impact the patient in their hypnotic rapport state.

Words can be toxic or therapeutic, therefore to use hypnosis, suggestion and

rapport effectively, it is important for the nurse to understand that a simple question

can have either a positive or negative effect on the patient. For example: "How bad

is your pain?" is suggesting there is pain and that it is bad. instead of asking, "What

is your pain level?" health care workers ask, "What is your comfort level?" A

different perception gives a different physical response which in turn has shown to

actually lessen the patient's pain.

Conclusion:Hypnosis is becoming more acceptable as an adjunct to nursing

practice. It is a normal phenomenon that can be used positively or negatively to

influence patient outcomes. Nurses trained in hypnosis greatly enhance patient

satisfaction and outcomes because they understand how to use positive and

therapeutic language. Unfortunately, for every nurse trained in hypnotic techniques

there are thousands who aren't.

1 (MSn) Mashhad university medical science

60


Child Delivery without Labor Pain through Hypnosis Khazaei S

1 , Khazaei S

2

Introduction:Giving birth to a child is a very special moment for a women. The

feeling of becoming a mother is just unexplainable in words. However, some

women are extra cautious when it comes to child birth, especially on the issue of

labor pain. But there is an easy to minimize it, and have a safe delivery. Some

women worry too much about pain that they have to go through during child birth.

The fact is that the amount of pain that they have while delivery is mostly

dependent on their mindset.

Methods & Material: Library and web search, met analysis research

Results: If we watch a few movies, that show a woman going through severe

pain during child birth, then our subconscious mind will start believing that its

really painful, and that will make us suffer at the time of delivery for no real

reason! To avoid it, we have to understand that most of the things shown in movies

are highly dramatized, and in reality women hardly have 10 % of labor pain than

what they show in movies.

Now a days, lots of hospitals use hypnotherapy in order to minimize labor pain.

Every woman, who went through hypnosis session, reported of normal delivery,

and minimum labor pain. Some of the women also learned how to control their

anxiety and tension through self hypnosis, and they too had normal deliveries. So,

we can conclude that the pain is more in the mind than it is in real, and hypnosis

can help all the women to minimize their labor pain. Relaxation during labor is key

to having a peaceful, enjoyable birth experience. High levels of adrenaline can

hinder the birth canal's ability to stretch and accommodate a baby. Staying relaxed

in a comfortable, intimate atmosphere will lower adrenaline levels and facilitate the

opening of the cervix and vagina and allow for an easier birth. Methods such as

deep breathing, meditation, hypnosis, prayer, laughter and gentle coaching can help

pregnant women relax, stay calm and breathe through their contractions and birth

sensations.

1 Sub specialist of pediatric diseases-MPH-Medical assistant professor-Ministry of health

and medical education-Tehran 2 Family Physition-Mashhad


Forensic Medicine Hypnosis use Maleki Delarestaghi A

1, Morvarid M

2

Background & objective: ―Hypnosis is not magic,‖ on the contrary, it is

transient variation of awareness that is associated with change of imaging,

suggestibility, concentration, and the degree of Dissociation. Nowadays use of it

for Therapeutic or Investigative purposes. There are some differences between

Therapeutic and Investigative Hypnosis. Forensic Hypnosis means to investigate

with Hypnosis as the main tool and the purpose of a forensic session is to refresh

the subject‘s memory. The use of hypnosis as an investigative tool for law

enforcement is a fairly recent development although it was used for this purpose at

various times, there was no concentrated effort to develop it as a practicable

working tool until about 1970 and Currently many major police agencies are using

hypnosis to some degree in criminal cases. But there is controversies over the use

of hypnosis because of the most of courts has misunderstood the issue of hypnosis,

and exclude hypnotically refreshed testimony as "inherently unreliable" Virtually,

therefore Forensic Hypnosis may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction yet, and

many courts prohibit a person from testifying about information that arose during

hypnosis. But receiving incorrect information from a witness/victim is not a

hypnosis issue because police officers using standard interview techniques get

incorrect information from witnesses who may be confused and no hypnosis is

involved. Since when using hypnosis to refresh memory, subjects may get correct

information, incorrect information, or a combination of both. Hypnotically

refreshed recall standing alone, without corroboration. For that reason it is

insufficient for an arrest or indictment, and corroboration is needed to support the

reliability of information obtained through hypnosis.

The present study describes benefits of forensic application of hypnosis

according literatures in all over the world and in addition a report of use of

hypnosis in help to two innocent incriminations that had been accused of killing the

a manager man.

Conclusions: Hypnosis is not an appropriate method for demonstrating the

crime but it is a useful tool in recalling the key points of criminal events by witness

or victim, and also in exonerating of suspect. It is believed that the use of hypnosis

can be effective if investigations perform under certain condition and based on

appropriate guidelines. For these specified advantages, it is better to give more

attention for using hypnosis in forensic medicine like other detection methods such

as deception test.

Keywords: Hypnosis, Forensic Medicine, Criminal events, Investigation.

1 M.D; Forensic Medicine specialist & Hypnotherapist ; Legal medicine Organization, Iran.

2 Expert of research, cultural; artic & researcher institute Tansar, Iran

62


The effect of hypnosis in treating test anxiety Khalilzadeh N

1

Introduction: Hypnotherapy techniques, especially in the treatment is one

important technique in mental disorders. Among Mental disorders ,anxiety

through psychological problems is one of the most basic. The main aim of this

study is the effect hypnotherapy of treating test anxiety in students .

Methods and materials: The number of Payame Noor students is a problem

with test anxiety were 23 patients referred for treatment after the call to register.

Gender of both sexes and from different disciplines involved. In this study for the

effects of Hypnotherapy Sarasvn anxiety questionnaire has been used. Statistical

data analysis using Pearson correlation test and the t test with using SPSS software

for analysis of survey data analysis hypotheses are discussed.

Findings: The results can be said between pre-test and post-test found

significant differences (p <./05) Suggests that the impact in the treatment of test

anxiety is Hypnotherapy. But there was no significant relationship between mean

and anxiety, and anxiety as well as a significant relationship was found between the

disciplines.

Conclusion: Test anxiety is one of the fundamental problems in students. Due

to the effect that this treatment was hypnotherapy, we can utilize this technique for

treating this group of students.

Key words: Test Anxiety, Hypnotherapy, Student

1 Faculty member of payam e Noor University


The effectiveness of Hypnosis therapy in reducing anxiety in women with Anxiety Disorder Sadat Pournesaei G

1,

Pouragha Rudborde M

2

Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of hypnosis in reducing anxiety in

women with generalized anxiety disorder have been conducted.

Method: Subjects were women with generalized anxiety disorder, diagnostic

interview by a psychiatrist selected And psychological counseling center were referred

for treatment and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. To

investigate the effect of hypnosis in reducing anxiety before and after hypnosis

therapy from Cattle Anxiety Questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using

analysis of covariance test.

Finding: The findings showed that anxiety scores between the experimental and

control groups before therapy, hypnosis, there is no significant difference, While the

experimental group after hypnosis therapy, anxiety scores were lower than the control

group. Furthermore, Anxiety scores between subjects in the experimental group, the

Cattell Anxiety Questionnaire before and after hypnosis therapy, significant

differences were observed.

conclusion: Hypnosis therapy reduces anxiety in women with Generalized Anxiety

Disorder and This treatment can be Used along with other psychological treatments as

one of the ways to reduce anxiety.

Keywords: Hypnosis therapy, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Women

1 .M.A in General psychology, Azad university of Tonekabon(corresponding author), Therapist

2 M.A in General psychology, Guilan university

64


Relationship between EI and humanities students, and technical - engineering Safary A, Jalaly R

Since there have been Emotional Intelligence Cause acquired and can be over

effect of the parts Life Sensitive over Individuals. And on the other hand cause

anxiety the decrease and increase over effect in individuals life. And also may be

cause disrupt, I have been understand essential researches make on the title and

understand in the title individuals emotional intelligence can be control the anxiety

in individual.

The sample group include 384 feted individuals university Azad Islamic

Roodehen the type of research is correlation. The measuring tools were

Spiellberger anxiety index, shoot scale emotional intelligence and the short

question by the researcher including demographic information. In order (Z) and

independent (T) have been used. The result achieved, show that the between

emotional intelligence. And anxiety is meaningfully and also there was such a

meaningful relation observed between component anxiety and component EQ.

Key words : Spiellberger anxiety inventory, anxiety, Emotional Intelligence

shoot scale emotional intelligence.


Investigation to Effectiveness of Neurofeedback on Treatment Major Depressive Disorder in Patients client of Qods Hospital Mohammad Zade Sarve, Mohammad Zade Samako

Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback that uses electroencephalography or

fMRI to provide a signal that can be used by a person to receive feedback about

brain activity.

Like other forms of biofeedback, neurofeedback training (NFT) uses monitoring

devices to provide moment-to-moment information to an individual on the state of

their physiological functioning. The characteristic that distinguishes NFT from

other biofeedback is a focus on the central nervous system and the brain.

Being a self-regulation method, NFT differs from other accepted research-

consistent neuro-modulatory approaches such as transcranial magnetic stimulation

(TMS) that provoke an automatic brain response by presenting a specific signal.

Outlines of this research is Investigation to Effectiveness of Neurofeedback on

Treatment Major Depressive Disorder in Patients client of Qods Hospital.major

depressive disorder one of the most popular psychiatric diagnosis that its

patognomonic character is depressed mood ,blue emotion and loss of present in

almost all of life dimension.

Research is experimental and assignment is random. Patients that received MDD

diagnosis and hospitalized and receive chemical therapy were contributed in

research (each group-experiment10 member and control group 10

member)experiment group received 8 session neurofeedback therapy and control

group was received drug therapy only(for ethical aspect control group recived 1

session neurofeedback Theraqpy after research processes.criterias for contributing

in research was psychiatristic diagnosis and point13 in Hamilton scale.

Conclusion: conclusions of data analisys with T test shows significant

differences in experimental and control group.means after therapy in experimental

group was 5.25 and in control group was 7.63( P<0.01)

Discussion: like other research this research confirms effectivity of this

approach.neurofeedback is a self regulation approach that is free of drug therapy

restrictions.

66


The Recommendation of Using Electromagnetic Waves to Facilitate Hypnosis Infusion

Shafiei SA1, Sabbagh SA

There have been almost lots of researches on the relation between EEG and

hypnosis and the common findings between all of them show that people with high

capacity of being hypnotized, compared to those with lower capacity, have more

tendency to show the amount of slow rhythms (theta & alpha) both before and

during the process of hypnosis infusion. It's also observed that there is an increase

of alpha rhythm among all people (specially among those with high capacity of

being hypnotized) after hypnosis infusions, so that through training Neurofeedback

by increasing theta (4-7.5 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) rhythms and the ratio of theta to

alpha, the response to hypnosis infusion increases. For example, training

Neurofeedback on the basis of enhancing the theta rhythm of region Pz, increases

the readiness of being hypnotized significantly. But the fundamental issue is that

for hypnosis infusion to happen, a quiet environment and mental inactivity of the

person who takes part in that process is required which contradicts the very basis of

Neurofeedback technique and is not performable during the process of hypnosis

infusion. So this technique is used before the hypnosis infusion in order to increase

the capacity of being hypnotized.

Most of the researchers have surveyed the effect of very weak magnetic fields

upon brain signals and it is observed that magnetic fields, according to their

amplitude and frequency, have different influences on brain signals of different

parts of head. Some of them are influential on alpha band. We can also indicate the

increase of alpha band after radiating 80 microtesla of magnetic field with 50-60

Hz frequency and after exposure 1.26 mT field with 45 Hz frequency or the

increase of theta band because of exposure in field with 3 Hz frequency.

According to the two arguments presented above, it could be concluded that

applying magnetic field with specific strength and frequency which can reinforce

alpha or theta band may be influential during the process of hypnosis infusion.

Doing some incorporative researches about hypnosis infusion as well as exposure

of magnetic field is recommended.

Keywords: Hypnosis, Magnetic Field. EEG

1 - Assistant professor of Biophysics-Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan

University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran


The effect of hypnotherapy on symptoms severity of irritable bowel syndrom Musavi H1 , Hormati A2, Heidari M3 , Arab Yaghoobi M4, Ramazani AA5

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrom(IBS) is the most common functional

gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, distention, and

altered bowel habits. Psychological factors can involve patients. This study

conducted to evaluate the effect of hypnotherapy on reduction of IBSsymptoms

severity.

Methods and materials: this study is a clinical trial which was held from

Nov.2011 to Jan.2012. population included 20 patients who were refractory to

standard managements which screened based on RomeIVcriteria in the

gastrointestinal out patient clinic of zabol university of medical sciences by one

gastroentrologist.basic condition for entrance to study was absence of any other

psychiatric or organic disease.12patients whom selected randomly; recived

hypnotherapy(12sessions during 6weeks)and the other 8patiens were inwaiting list

continued standard management.in order to evaluation and monitoring

severityscore changes; each patient completed a standard questionnaire (the

irritable bowel severity scoring system)before intervention and 3 months later. data

were evaluated with spss software using wilcoxon and mann-whitney tests.

Findings:12patients who recived hypnotherapy included 7females(%58.33)

With mean age 35.71 and 5 males (%41.66) mean age 27.60years.improvement

percentages resulted: abdominal pain%75,distention%66.66,bowel habit disorder

%50.00and quility of life% 83.33which all of these changes were statistically

significant(p<.05).mann-whitney test didn‘show difference betweem male and

female.

Conclusion: this study showed hypnotherapy is effective on reducing of

symptoms severity comparing with control group in patient with refractory IBS

considerig its cost benefits and no side effect.there for can be recommended for

refractory IBS in combination with standard management.

Key word: hypnotherapy, irritable bowel syndrome.

1 Assistant professor of gasroentrology ,Department of internal medicine,school of Medicine,zabol

university of medical sciences,zabol,Iran 2 Assistant professor of internal medicine,Department of internal medicine,school of medicine,zabol

university of medical sciences,zabol,Iran. 3 Assistant professor of psychiatry,Department of psychiatry,school of medicine,zabol university of

medical sciences,zabol,Iran 4 corresponding Author General practitioner and hypnotherapist,zabol univrsity of medical

sciences,zabol,Iran, Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] 5MSc in epidemiology,Department of epidemiology.school of health,zabol university of medical

sciences,zabol,Iran

68


Survey effect of Hypnotherapy on improving the health of neurotic patients referred to a psychiatrist and choice Counseling Center of Shiraz

Borzooei M1 , Zoladl M

Introduction :Neurosis were defined as non-psychotic disorders or non-chronic

that directly expressed or experience and and anxiety is their main characteristics.

This category of mental disorders that are about 10 percent of the population of

each country involved, including a group of symptoms that the patient upset and

his may assume them unacceptable or bizarre (ego-dystonic) .

In this state, the reality testing remained largely intact, but patients indicating

symptoms such as anxiety, fear, depression, vague pains. And other obvious

physical symptoms of their.

One of the ways to improve health care for these patients, treatment is

Hypnotherapy or trance that

According to definition of Pirzhaneh, in which a kind of therapy that therapist

with a separate and taking charge of and receptive aspects of mind and ineffective

to other aspects, offer the person under therapeutic and positive induction.

According to above, this study aimed to survey effect of Hypnotherapy on

improving the health of neurotic patients have been carried out.

Methods and materials :In this half-experimental, 30 neurotic patients,

referred to a psychiatrist and counseling center's criteria for having participated in

the study were selected and were divided randomly into two case and control

groups.

The data gathering tool in this research, in addition to demographic data, quality

of life questionnaires (SF-36) wich is considered a general tool for monitoring

health status and effect of treatments, first, as before and after hypnotherapy test

cases, as a test case and control groups was completed by all research units and the

resulting data using descriptive and inferential statistics, including nonparametric

tests including Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test were analyzed by SPSS

software.

Findings :In this study, the average of quality of life‘s score was befor

intervention in the case group (1092/67) and control group (1288/67) and the

Mann-Whitney u test Indicated that between the scores of both groups before the

intervention, there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups

are similar in this respect (p = 0/271).

1 corresponded author Payame Noor of kharameh University –Tarbiat modarress University.


The average of quality of life‘s score after Hypnotherapy, in case (2633) and in

the control group (2033) that Mann-Whitney u test was indicated that the scores of

cases and controls after Hypnotherapy,there is a statistically significant difference

(p = 0/003)

Wilcoxon test results also indicate that in the case, the quality of life scores of

research units after Hypnotherapy,was significantly higher than their scores before

the intervention(p=0/001).

Conclusion :According to the above results, Hypnotherapy has caused health

promotion of neurotic patients,

Therefore, researchers emphasis to necessity do hypnotherapy as a

complementary treatment in these patients and in this direction, training

Hypnotherapy suggest to psychiatric team consisting of psychiatrists, psychiatric

nurses and psychologists .

Key words: Hypnotherapy, Improving the health , Quality of life , Neurotic

disorders , Psychiatrist, Counseling Center

70


Effectiveness of Yoga and Music Therapy in Anxiety Reduction

Borhani F1

Descriptive Study: In a laboratory study, the results of clinical researches about

the effect of music therapy and yoga on anxiety reduction have been studied.

The articles were selected from the website of the International Confederation of

Music Therapy until 2005 and the International Journal of Yoga up to 2009.

In yoga group, 8 clinical studies were analyzed and a meta-analytic study

including 10 clinical research papers and a periodical study until 2011 were

considered.

In music therapy group, 5 clinical studies and a meta-analytic study including 29

clinical research papers were analyzed.

Statistical Analysis:In music therapy group, the number of subjects in clinical

research papers was 143 and in meta-analytic study, 1781 subjects were studied. In

all of studies, there were control groups. The subjects were selected from among

both genders and with all age range including children and adults.

The factor of anxiety measurement in all of the articles was considered and music

therapy was compared with other methods.

In yoga group, the number of subjects in 8 clinical research papers was 803 and

in meta-analytic study, 10 research papers were studied. The studied articles and

papers have been published until 2000. In the periodical study, the articles

published until 2011 were studied. There were control groups in all studies. The

subjects were selected from both genders in all age groups. The factor of anxiety

scale was considered in all articles.

Results: The results of the researches conducted in both music and yoga therapy

were declared on the basis of correlation coefficient scale (p). There was a

significant relation between music therapy and anxiety reduction in all of music

therapy researches. The correlation coefficient between p<0.001to 0.004 showed

the anxiety reduction.

In yoga group, there was a significant relation between the anxiety reduction and

yoga exercises (including all parts). The correlation coefficient between p <0.001to

0.004 showed the anxiety reduction.

Conclusion:With consideration to the conducted clinical studies, it seems that

both methodologies including yoga and music therapy are effective in reducing

anxiety.

Key words: yoga, music therapy, anxiety, correlation coefficient.

1 Holding bachelor‘s degree in midwifery and yoga instructor Member of the Iranian Hypnotism

Association


Metacognitive Therapy, Hypnotherapy, and Combined treatment in treating Secondary Vaginismus due to Rape

Shareh H1, Haghi E

2

Introduction: Although treatments with demonstrated efficacy exist for

vaginismus; there are fewer researches on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy and

metacognitive therapy in treating vaginismus. The aim of this study was to

investigate the efficacy of metacognitive therapy (MCT) compare to hypnotherapy

and the combination of MCT with hypnotherapy in treating secondary vaginismus

due to rape.

Methods and materials: In an experimental study, 36 secondary vaginismus

outpatients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: MCT,

hypnotherapy and combined treatment group. All the patients received 12 weeks of

treatment. Six questionnaires were administered at pre-treatment, post-treatment

and at 6-month follow up: Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), Penn inventory for

PTSD, Impact of events scale, Female sexual function inventory (FSFI), Subjective

units of distress (SUD) and Metacognitions questionnaire-short Form (MCQ-30).

Group differences were examined using one-way analysis of covariance

(ANCOVAs), repeated measure analysis of variance, clinically significant change,

and pre- to post-treatment percentage improvement on each of the outcome

measures using the SPSS-19 statistical package.

Findings: 34 patients completed this study. Results in post treatment and follow

up showed that combined treatment lead to a more significant improvement in the

severity of PTSD symptoms, anxiety, subjective distress, sexual function, and

metacognitions (all p<0.05) than hypnotherapy and MCT. Although there were no

significant differences between MCT and hypnotherapy in post treatment, MCT

lead to a more significant improvement than hypnotherapy at follow up. Repeated

measure ANOVA for each group showed that, compared to hypnotherapy and

MCT, changes were faster in combined treatment groups.

Conclusion: Combined treatment is more effective than hypnotherapy and MCT

in treating secondary vaginismus due to rape.

Key words: Vaginismus; Rape; Metacognitive therapy; Hypnotherapy, Sexual

function.

1 Corresponding author Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, Sabzevar Tarbiat Moallem

University (Hakim Sabzevari University), Sabzevar, Iran, IR 2 M.Sc. Student of Clinical Psychology, International Branch of Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran,

IR.

72


Hypnotic and psychiatric disorders Eshrati T

1, Ghaseminejad MA

2 , Purgholami F

3

Background: Hypnosis has been used to treat various physical and

psychological disorders. The aim of this study was reviews hypnosis therapy on the

psychological and psychiatric disorders. Method: In this paper, the word hypnosis

in sciencedirect site was searched and 538 articles were found with title hypnosis.

Then consider that hypnosis is used to treat witch of psychiatric disorders.

Results: Results showed that hypnosis is used in treating disorders such as post-

traumatic stress disorder, tension headaches, types of phobia, substance abuse,

alcoholism, anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, epilepsy, insomnia, anorexia

nervosa, mental syndrome, IBS…

Conclusion: The results showed that hypnosis has had a positive effect on a

number of these disorders; hypnosis can also be useful as a solution used in the

treatment of these disorders.

Key words: Hypnotic, psychiatric disorders

1 Clinical psychology (MA) (Corresponding author) 2 Clinical psychology (teacher of Farashband education) (MA)

3 University of payamnoor Farshband (MA)


The effect of using green and red colour in hypnotism suggestion on the rate of blood pressure and heart beat.

Hosseini M1, Alipour T

2

Introduction: A lot of books and articles is written about the effect of colours

up to now‚ but none aren‘t challenged the effect of colours in the hypnotism

domain scientifically and experimentally. The effect of colours helps the doctors

who use the hypnotism method for anesthesia patients in order to have high control

on the rate of blood pressure and heart beat. The present research is going to

follow this aim: Is there any significant relation between the use of green and red

colour in hypnotism suggestions on the people‘s rate blood pressure and heart beat

or not?

Method: The present research pattern is a semi-experimental one (pre-test‚

after-test with a group) which experimented on the 20 students of payame Noor

University of Mashhad in two stages. The number of male and female students

were equal. The subject‘s blood pressure and heart beat rate were measured before

and after the experiment (hypnose of student and using green and red colour in

suggestion) and it analysed by using of parametric T-test. At experiments, a blood

pressure machine with model TMB-895 and a questionnaire is used.

Result : The results of this research show that in hypnotic suggestions of red

colour, there were a significant difference between the average of blood pressure

and heart beat before and after the experiments‚ while there were no significant

difference in hypnotic suggestion of green colour. Also, in both experiment‚ there

were no significant difference between the average of blood pressure and heart

beat. With the same experiment condition and controling of annoying variables‚

We can‘t ignore the effect of misrepresentative variables in internal reliability of

experiment, which this is an effective factor in signifing of the test. Undoubtedly‚

we can achieve to the practical results that will cause to improve the experimental

knowledge of hypnotism science.

Key words: red colour-green colour-blood pressure-heart beat -hypnosis

suggestions.

1 B.A student‚ psychology field, payame Noor University of Mashhad 2 B.A student‚ psychology field, payame Noor University of Mashhad

74


The Application of Hypnosis in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Alamidoost E1

Introduction: Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy have been applied in the

treatment of psychological disorders and in Medicine for years. Nowadays,

through searching on the wide web network, we notice that the selective

treatment of many stress disorders such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

(PTSD) is hypnotherapy in many countries and its effectiveness is proved

through numerous studies. One kind of PTSD is presented in this article

which has been applied in a number of case studies and is hoped to be

considered more seriously in future.

Methodology : Due to lack of time and other limitations, the effectiveness

of PTSD hypnotherapy was evaluated through three case studies. In all of

them, due to different reasons, the subjects showed signs and symptoms

which were classified as the post traumatic stress disorder based on DSM

IV-TR diagnosis criteria. After the clinical interview and primary diagnosis,

some explanations were given to clients about the treatment mechanism.

Then,some tranquillizing methods such as relaxation and deep breathing were

taught to them. After their tension and anxiety were controlled, the

hypnotherapy began. In order to eliminate avoidance and also for the

effective decrease of anxiety, confrontation technique is usually used. But in

this study, patients were asked to tell that under what circumstances their

self confidence and self esteem would have been endangered less and they

would have experienced less anxiety and agony. Then, through hypnosis, their

memory of the stressful event was reconstructed in a way that they felt they

were more effective and efficient. Thus, their mental exposure to the

stressful event was devoid of the primary negative and unpleasant sense and

was done more easily.

Some other technique that can been applied in hypnotherapy are such as

the change of point of view and reconsidering about the occurred event

from others‘ points of view. These techniques can change the patient‘s

harmful beliefs regarding the meaning of that bad event.

Results : In all of the three cases, considerable and rather fast

improvement was shown. The results of the stress and anxiety tests that

were taken from the clients before and after the hypnotherapy also proved

1 M.A. in Clinical Psychology


this claim. Furthermore, their self confidence and satisfaction of life

increased.

Discussion: Hypnosis can provide a more effective treatment for PTSD.

These case studies, showed the efficiency of this method which was derived

from the integration of two effective treatment methods, namely

confrontation and hypnosis. In order to generalize this method and to

evaluate its effectiveness compared to the other treatments, longer

professional team work is required.

In this treatment, the most important condition that must be met is the

therapist‘s sufficient skill and proficiency in hypnotherapy and psychotherapy.

The history of the patient should also be examined to make sure there are

no other disorders which can hinder the treatment. Hypnotherapy should be

done according to each patient‘s characteristics.

76


COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF NITROUS OXIDE SEDATION, WITH COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY IN REDUCING DENTAL ANXIETY IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN. Kebriaee F

1 , Mazhari F

2, Sarraf Shirazi A

3, Fani J

4, Moharreri F

5, Soltanifar A

6

Background: Despite the availability of an array of behavior management

techniques, dental anxiety appears to be a widespread problem in children.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of inhalation

sedation with Nitrous oxide/Oxygen (N2O/O2) and CBT to reduce dental anxiety in

preschool children.

Design: This study was done on 45 preschool children with moderate to severe

dental anxiety and at least one Mandibular primary molar requiring pulp treatment.

The primary anxiety levels were determined. Then children were randomly

assigned to one of the three groups: Control, N2O/O2, CBT. In control group, usual

behavior management techniques; in N2O/O2 group, Nitrous oxide-Oxygen gases

and in CBT group unrelated play, Benson's breathing and positive self-talk and

modeling were used. The anxiety levels were determined in three periods:

injection, rubber dam and application of high-speed handpiece. The anxiety

differences between the two dental visits were compared within the three groups.

Results: The results showed significant differences among the three groups.

N2O/O2 and CBT significantly resulted to lower anxiety (P=0.00) in the second

visit compared to control, but there was no significantly difference between CBT

and N2O.

Conclusions: The two treatment methods were both effective in reducing dental

anxiety in preschool children. With regard to adverse effects and necessity of

equipment and trained personals in N2O/O2 method, and more acceptability and

applicability of CBT method, CBT appears to be more preferable to N2O/O2.

Key words: Dental anxiety, nitrous oxide, cognitive behavior therapy

1 Pediatric Department, Dental School, yazd University of Medical Sciences, yazd 2 Pediatric Department, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 3 Pediatric Department, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 4 Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Dental school, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,

Mashhad 5 Psychiatry Department, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 6 Psychiatry Department, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad


The study of hypnosis effect on weight loss in over weight person adjuvant to low calorie diet therapy

Rezazadeh N.1, Shahrabadi H.

2

Introduction: The escalation of obesity rates in the world with changed

lifestyle persuade researchers to discover the perfect weight loss method. Obesity

not only impacts lifestyle but can also lead to serious obesity-related health

conditions. Hypnotherapy can be used to modify your perceptions, behavior,

sensations and emotions, attention is highly focused and more responsive to

suggestions, including behavior changes that can help to lose weight. In this study

we tried to evaluate effectiveness of weight-loss hypnosis and compare with classic

diet therapy (low calorie) alone (1).

Method and materials: In this study we enrolled 32 women with overweight

claim that referred to private diet therapy clinic. Medical history was taken and

diagnostic test do to exclude Underlying causes of obesity, including endocrine and

metabolic factors, on clinical grounds. Subjects were between 17 and 65 years old

and met the requirement of being with BMI(Body Mass Index) more than 27 as

overweight and obese.Subjects were randomly placed in one of two groups. Group

1 (16 cases) receive low-calorie diet. Group 2(16 cases) received low- calorie diet

plus hypnotherapy. For each subject, data was recorded on the following variables:

age, weight, height, and weight control recorded in second, third, 5th, 7th, 9th

weeks. Obesity and overweight measured with Body Mass Index (BMI). It is

calculated as weight (in kg) divided by height (in meters) squared .

Findings:Mean of age in participants who had used a Low Calorie Diet (LCD)

alone, was 34.3 years old(sd=11.7) average of weight was 87.45 kg (sd= 11.5 )and

mean of BMI was 30.67 (sd=3.6 ). with Hypnosis group, mean of age was 32.18

years old (sd=12.8) and average of weight was 77.45 kg (sd=15.2) and mean of BMI

was 31.2.Data distribution was normally and in comparing of two group, Participants

did not differ by weight (z=-0.2,p-value=0.83), age (z= -0.5 ,p -value= 0.59), body

mass index status (z= -0.15,p-value=0.8).participants who had used a LCD plus

hypnotherapy had achieved significantly greater initial percent weight reduction

compared to individuals who had used a LCD program (Z= -3.24 , p value= 0.001)

Conclusion: This study compared the hypnotherapy effect plus low calorie diet

and advice in producing weight loss, has produced a statistically significant result

in favour of hypnotherapy. this study was done with small subjects, in female

group and short time evaluation. More intensive hypnotherapy might of course

have been more successful, and perhaps the results of the trial are sufficiently

encouraging to pursue this approach further.

Key words: Hypnosis-weight loss-low calorie diet.

1 MD.,(Member of Iranian Association of Hypnosis) 2 MD.,(Member of Iranian Sport MedicineFederation)

78


A Neural Network Model for Schemas Based On Pattern Completion

Javanbakht A1

If the only tool you have is a hammer, every problem begins to resemble a nail.

—Abraham Maslow

Recent developments in neuroscience have provided us with a wealth of the

basic knowledge and tools which are required for neurobiological understanding

of the psychological concepts. This advantage enables contemporary scientists to

suggest and test brain models for psychological concepts, theories, and methods.

Considering the current dominance of biological ideas in psychiatry and

psychology, such models are essential in confi rmation of the psychological

theories of mind. In this article a brain model for schemas as essential to

cognitive theory is proposed. Schemas are seen as patterns which are recognized

and memorized through the training phase of an autoassociative neural

network.Then, these patterns are used to complete ambiguous aspects of future

experiences through thalamo and hippocampal-cortical pathways. In relation to

the self or the outside world when a pattern with unknown, noisy, or vague

aspects is encountered, those aspects are completed by the principal components

of previously learned patterns (schema). This process is to help the observer

acquire a better understanding of the environment or the self. However, the

patterns which are used to complete the uncertainties about the self or the

environment are sometimes not good estimates of the reality and lead the

person/patient to an illusionary perception of the self/environment. In this article,

the role of the mirror neuron system in pattern recognition is also explained.

Psychological and biological therapeutic implications of this model are discussed

and the importance of a link between dynamic and cognitive therapies is

rationalized.

1 Arash Javanbakht, M.D., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience,

Wayne State University, MI; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan


A Neural Network Model for Transference and Repetition Compulsion Based on Pattern Completion

Javanbakht A1 , Charles L. Ragan

2

If the only tool you have is a hammer,every problem begins to resemble a nail.

Abraham Maslow

In recent years because of the fascinating growth of the body of neuroscientific

knowledge, psychoanalytic scientists have worked on models for the neurological

substrates of key psychoanalytic concepts. Transference is an important example.

In this article, the psychological process of transference is described, employing

the neurological function of pattern completion in hippocampal and thalamo–

cortical pathways. Similarly, repetition compulsion is seen as another type of such

neurological function; however, it is understood as an attempt for mastery of the

unknown, rather than simply for mastery of past experiences and perceptions.

Based on this suggested model of neurological function, the mythof the

psychoanalyst as blank screen is seen as impossible and ineffective, based on

neurofunctional understandings of neuropsychological process. The mutative effect

of psychoanalytic therapy, correcting patterns of pathological relatedness, is

described briefly from conscious and unconscious perspectives. While cognitive

understanding (insight) helps to modify transferentially restored, maladaptive

patterns of relatedness, the development of more adaptive patterns is also

contingent upon an affective experience (working through), which alters the

neurological substrates of unconscious, pathological affective patterns and their

neurological functional correlates. Freud would be impressed if he knew of the

growing number of current psychoanalytic–neuroscience studies. While he

abandoned this endeavor because of the then limited knowledge of neuroscience,

we have an effective bridge between these two disciplines: neuropsychoanalysis.

Since transference and its analysis are core concepts in all psychoanalytic theories

and therapies, an understanding of their neural bases is important. The complexity

of transference and countertransference was

1 Arash Javanbakht, M.D., MashadUniversity of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran.

2Charles L. Ragan, M.D., M.B.A., C.P.E., Medical Director, Rutland Mental Health Services, Rutland

80


Comparative effects of hypnosis and lidocaine on modulating pain intensity of episiotomy repair in primiparous women.

Vatanparast S1 , Shahidi EO2

Background and aims: perineal pain affects mothers‘ quality of life. This study

has been aimed to investigate the effects of hypnosis and lidocaine on modulating

pain intensity of episiotomy repair in primiparous women

Method: In this study, 30 eligible Primigravida mothers was randomly divided

into 2 equal groups. In 15 of them (Control Group), Postpartum Repair of

Episiotomy was done by anesthesia through injection of 10cc lidocaine and in other

15 samples (Experimental Group) Postpartum Repair of Episiotomy was done by

Hypnotic Anesthesia. Data collection instruments included visual Analogue Scale

(VOS) questionnaire and Demographic Form. Data processing was done by

independent T-Test and Chi-Square analysis method using SPSS software.

Results:Results showed that the mean pain reduction in control group is 2.235

with SD of 0.48. The mean pain reduction in experimental group is 2.06 with SD of

0.25. Demographics and other interfering variables showed no significant

differences between the groups. T-Tests showed that the mean score for pain

reduction in both Experimental and Control groups don‘t have statistically

significant differences (P <0/0001).

Conclusion: Based on the above results there are not statistically significant

difference between effects of lidocaine or hypnosis on pain reduction in episiotomy

repair so hypnosis as lidocaine can reduce pain in Episiotomy repair. It seems

hypnosis can be used in departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics as an easy

method for pain reduction without complications.

Keywords: Episiotomy- Perineal Pain- Primiparous- Pain Relief– Hypnosis -

Primigravida

1 MS in Psychology, Bachelor of Midwifery

2 MD, PhD in Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy, Lecturer of Iranian Scientific Society of Clinical

Hypnosis, Member of ISH, Member of ASCH


Survey of BA Students of general psychology of Payame Noor University of Mashhad’s vision about Hypnotic Fathi

M

1, Sabzevari A

2 , Soukhtanlou M

3, Sahebi M

4

Introduction: Hypnotic knowledge, which drives from psychology and is

widely used in this field, is not used usually in academic psychological texts in

Iran. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of general psychology BA

students of Payame Noor university of Mashhad‘s views about hypnosis.

Method:A 200-member random sample was chose from all of general

psychology students of Payame Noor university of Mashhad. (n=1037). 50 people

in each academic year were present in the sample. A 25- survey that was graded

according to Likert scale from totally agree to quite the opposite in 5 level was

answered by sample. The vision to hypnotic and the vision to treat with hypnotic

was measured by that survey. The collected data was analyzed by using Pearson

Correlation Coefficient with SPSS.13 software.

Results: Outcomes of the study revealed that understanding of psychology

students who were under investigation in general insight toward hypnotic has an

average of »41.19 ± 4.55» and in insight area toward hypnotic remedies has an

average of »34.93 ± 3.52«.

There were no significant discrepancy between first year and second year students

of university with third and fourth year students in general insight toward hypnotic.

In addition, there was no significant discrepancy between these two groups in

―belief in hypnotic remedies‖.

Discussion: Outcomes of this study revealed that general insight and belief in

hypnotic remedies is low among psychology students and more than %50 of the

students do not have enough information about the hypnotic Nature and even it is

remedies applications. Moreover, the difference between first and second year

students with third and fourth year students indicate lack of sufficient education as

hypnotic is an essential part in psychology text. We strictly recommend teaching

this science on the top of the psychology group‘s educational schedule.



3 General Psychology Student in Payame Noor University of Mashhad.

4 General Psychology Student in Payame Noor University of Mashhad.

82


Analysis and Comparison of the Effectiveness of Medical Therapy and Hypnotherapy in Anxiety Disorder Therapy

Asgharshakeri H1, Arkani E

2, Saberi M

3, Matinnezhad A

4, ghavami B

5

Introduction:One of the most prevalent emotional-affective disorders in the

present century is Anxiety. The factors conducive to anxiety and its related matters

and problems have conduced to present various techniques and therapies for

anxiety therapy by the therapists and theoreticians.

The objective of this research is the analysis of the effectiveness rate of medical

therapy and hypnotherapy in decreasing the anxiety indications.

Method:Research project was experimental with pretest and posttest with

control group. In line with this issue three under therapy groups were selected from

the clinics simple randomly and they placed in hypnotherapy and, control and

medical therapy groups. The therapy presented for medical therapy group is

prescribing Benzodiazepine medications with Alprazolam group for a period of six

weeks along with therapy sessions every two weeks. The therapy in hypnotherapy

group is prescribing hypnosis in eight sessions, two sessions a week. For analyzing

the anxiety the Cattell test before and then therapy was used. The results have been

obtained, using the SPSS statistical software.

Results:The hypnotherapy causes the decrease of the anxiety disorder

indications compared with no therapy(T=10/61). The medical therapy causes the

decrease of the anxiety disorder compared with no therapy(T= 4/11).

Discussion and Conclusion: The results show the positive effect of therapy

methods for decreasing the anxiety signs, but the hypnotherapy has more effect on

decreasing the anxiety physical and mental signs compared with medical therapy.

The successful using of the cognitive hypnotism makes the patient to be able to

overcome the sign, which has lowered his/her self-esteem and unbalanced the

patient .

Key words: anxiety, Pharmacotherapy, Hypnosis Therapy.

1-student 2-Psychiatric 3- M.A. in psychology 4- M.A. in psychology 5- M.A in psychology


Wavelet transform of electroencephalogram and heart rate signals during meditation

Goshvarpour Atefeh 1, Rahati S

2, Goshvarpour Ateke

3 , Saadatian V

4

Introduction:In this study, we performed wavelet analysis of

electroencephalogram and heart rate signals in 25 healthy women referred to

meditation clinic.

Methods and Materials:In order to quantify the wavelet coefficients, phase

space geometry of db4 in electroencephalogram and heart rate signals are plotted in

every 5 minutes of signals and the width of them are calculated.

Findings: The results show that during meditation the phase space of the detail

wavelet coefficients are decreased, and the approximate wavelet coefficients are

increased in heart rate signals. It seems that greater dispersion of the approximate

wavelet coefficients are due to the increment of standard deviation of heart rate

signals. While during meditation the approximate wavelet coefficients in EEG

signals exhibits greater dispersion of points than that before meditation. The

present study indicated that analysis of phase space can be performed by a simple

visual inspection of the shape of the attractor of wavelet coefficients, which has

been used to distinct meditation from non-meditation states.

Conclusion:As the brain is relaxed during meditation and fewer neurons are

contributed in mental processing; therefore, the complexity of wavelet coefficients

is decreased and the phase space of them is folded.

Key words: Heart Rate, Meditation, Phase Space, Wavelet Analysis.

1 Biomedical Department, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran.(Responted Author) 2 Electronic Department, Islamic Azad University,Mashhad Branch, Iran. 3 Biomedical Department, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran.

4 Psychological Department, Islamic Azad University,Mashhad Branch, Iran.

84


The Effectiveness of Relaxation, Cognitive Restructuring under Alert Hypnosis on Woman's common Migraine not treated through pharma cotherapy

Ghanbari Hashemabady BA1, Aghamohammadian sharbaf HR

2, Kamal shanbadi

A3

Introduction:The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of

relaxation, cognitive restructuring under alert hypnosis on woman,s common

migraine not treated through pharmacotherapy.

Methods and Materials:This research is administrated by single – case study

mehod, in which six women with common migraine slected randomly.

Results:The results show that this treatment method decrease freauency,

duration, distress and intensity of migraine headache. Although the results show

that this treatment method significantly decrease anxiety and depression that arise

from common migraine. Overally, with regard to the complet four dimensions of

common migraine, all subjects, show considerabily a decrease at migraine headach.

The most decrease is seen at dimensions intensity and distressing of women with

common migraine. All subhects had beliefs, that cause an enhancement of their

migraine headache. Findings show that three of subjects siscontinued their drugs

ofther the period of treatment follow-up. But three subjects continued their drugs.

Surprisingly four subfects out of six casos showed the most recovery effect at

follow-up stage of treatment. However two subfects found relaps at frequency and

duration dimension. Although results show that this treatment method is usefull

and effective both for the treatment and prevention of migraine attack. On the

otherhand this treatment method caused a decrease time, Psychological effect,

economic and social factors, that are associated with migraine headache.

Key words: Cognitive Restructuring, Alert Hypnosis, common Migraine.

1. Associated in psychology Group of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad.

2. Proffessor in psychology Group of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad.

3. Clinical psychology M.A


EEG Classification during Hypnosis Vatankhah M

1

Introduction: Hypnosis is one of the mental tasks which are really important

for scientist. The human brain is obviously a complex system so diagnosing the

brain pattern during hypnosis and differentiate it from other brain mental patterns is

controversial.

Methods and Material: in this paper, EEG signal was recorded during

hypnosis and Intelligent Algorithms were used to classify the brain patterns. We

use Fractal Dimension for feature extraction. To do this, features were extracted

from each 1-second segment with 50% overlap, and sequence of 9 extracted

features was considered as the feature vector of a 5-second segment, then PCA is

used for reducing features to 9 and ANFIS is used for classification.

Findings: To consider nonlinear dynamics of EEG signal, we selected nonlinear

methods and it is shown that it would be useful. Non linear features and classifier

are shown that brain behavior in normal state is really different from hypnosis and

its patterns are classified with around 100% accuracy.

According to these results, the other brain states during hypnosis and

Hypnotizability would be considered for future studies.

Keywords: Hypnosis, classification, Intelligent System.

1 Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch. gnuoy researcher club members.

86


Clinical evaluation of hypnotism-induced local anesthesia in Endodontics

Rezaeipour M, Bidar M, Zendehdel Roudi S

Background and Objective: In some cases in dentistry, despite an

injection of local anesthetic material, the teeth with irreversible pulpitis do

not become numb, or the use of

common local anesthetic material is contraindicated for the patient.

Therefore, in these cases an alternative treatment, especially hypodontia, the

use of hypnosis in dentistry, can be introduced. The aim of this study was to

determine the success rate of hypnotism in producing anesthesia in root

canal therapy.

Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted as a clinical trial on

42male and female volunteer patients, who referred to the department of

endodontics of Mashhad Dental School for endodontic treatment of vital

teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Examination forms were completed for all

the patients. The patients were excluded from the study if they had any other

concurrent diseases. Then, if the patient were satisfied with participation in

this study, the consent forms were signed. In the presence of the patient's

companion, the patient underwent hypnosis and the necessary time to reach

suitable numbness was recorded. Next, the patients were conditioned to a

key phrase. In the second session, with the use of a key conditioning word,

hypnosis was induced more rapidly and the time to reach numbness was

again recorded. The numbness was checked and confirmed by a specialist in

endodontic unaware of type of intervention. When the appropriate level of

numbness was present, the patient underwent endodontic treatment. The

results were analyzed by Mann Whitney U, Fisher's Exact and Wilcoxon

Sign Rank tests.

Results: The results showed that 32 patients (76.2%) reached suitable

deep numbness while 10 patients (23.8%) did not reveal a suitable response.

The time in which hypnotism was induced in the second session of

treatment (3.8 minutes) was less than the first session (23.09 minutes).

There was no significant difference between male and females in giving a

positive feedback to hypnotism.

Conclusion: Hypnosis was successful in inducing numbness for root canal


therapy of teeth in

76.2% of the cases, therefore, it can be useful in patients with irreversible

pulpitis in whom

local anesthesia is not effective.

Keywords: Hypnotism, Anesthesia, Root canal therapy

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