english composition suzanne ryan. agenda return thesis statements and project plans persuasive...
TRANSCRIPT
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English CompositionSuzanne Ryan
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Agenda
• Return Thesis Statements and Project Plans• Persuasive Writing• Outlines for Persuasive Essays
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Persuasive Writing
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PERSUASIVE ESSAYSA persuasive essay (also known as the argument essay) has one of two objectives:1. To convince your reader to
adopt your point of view2. To convince your reader to
take a specific course of action
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Characteristics:
• Stated position or belief• Factual supports• Persuasive techniques• Logical argument• Call to action
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Ted Talks: Persuasion
• http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/mark_bezos_a_life_lesson_from_a_volunteer_firefighter.html
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Uses:
• Persuasive writing appears in and is not limited to – speeches– letters to the editor– Editorials– Advertisements– award nominations– Pamphlets– Petitions– scholarly writing– opinion pieces
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How can I effectively present my argument?
• Use an organizational structure that arranges the argument in a way that will make sense to the reader
• The Toulmin Method of logic is a common and easy to use formula for organizing an argument
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The Toulmin Method
• Claim: The overall thesis you will argue for.• Data: Evidence gathered to support the claim.• Bridge (essential): Explanation of why or how the data
supports the claim, the underlying assumption that connects your data to your claim.
• Backing (optional): Additional logic or reasoning that may be necessary to support the warrant.
• Counterclaim: A claim that negates or disagrees with the thesis/claim. Adds credibility to your claim
• Rebuttal: Evidence that negates or disagrees with the counterclaim.
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Claim: Hybrid cars are an effective strategy to fight pollution.
• Data1:Driving a private car is a typical citizen's most air polluting activity.
• Bridge 1:Because cars are the largest source of private, as opposed to industry produced, air pollution switching to hybrid cars should have an impact on fighting pollution.
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Claim: Hybrid cars are an effective strategy to fight pollution.
• Data 2: Each vehicle produced is going to stay on the road for roughly 12 to 15 years.
• Bridge 2: Cars generally have a long lifespan, meaning that a decision to switch to a hybrid car will make a long-term impact on pollution levels.
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Claim: Hybrid cars are an effective strategy to fight pollution.
• Data 3: Hybrid cars combine a gasoline engine with a battery-powered electric motor.
• Bridge 3: This combination of technologies means that less pollution is produced. According to ineedtoknow.org "the hybrid engine of the Prius, made by Toyota, produces 90 percent fewer harmful emissions than a comparable gasoline engine."
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Claim: Hybrid cars are an effective strategy to fight pollution.
• Counterclaim: Instead of focusing on cars, which still encourages a culture of driving even if it cuts down on pollution, the nation should focus on building and encouraging use of mass transit systems.
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Claim: Hybrid cars are an effective strategy to fight pollution.
• Rebuttal: While mass transit is an environmentally sound idea that should be encouraged, it is not feasible in many rural and suburban areas, or for people who must commute to work; thus hybrid cars are a better solution for much of the nation's population.
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15
Can You Convince Me? Show Me the Data!
– Big Names– Logos– Research– Pathos– Ethos– Kairos
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The 4 P’s of Persuasion
• Power• Positioning• Performance• Politeness
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Big Names (Power)
Example: Former U.S. president Bill Clinton thinks that junk food should be taken out of vending machines.
Important people or experts can make your argument seem more convincing.
Example: Former U.S. president Bill Clinton thinks that junk food should be taken out of vending machines.
Important people or experts can make your argument seem more convincing.
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"Persuasion is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do, and to like it.“
~ President Eisenhower
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Logos (Power)
Example: A Snickers bar has 280 calories and 30 grams of sugar. That’s not very healthy.
Facts, numbers, and information can be very convincing.
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Research (Power)
Example: A recent study found that students who watch TV during the week don’t do as well in school.
Using reliable research can help your argument seem convincing.
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Pathos (Positioning)
Example: Your donation might just get this puppy off the street and into a good home.
Getting people to feel happy, sad, or angry can help your argument.
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Ethos (Positioning)
Example: Believe me! I’ve been there before. I’m just like you.
If people believe and trust in you, you’re more likely to persuade them.
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Kairos (Performance)
Example: This is a one-time offer. You can’t get this price after today.
Try to convince your audience that this issue is so important they must act now.
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You’ll catch more flys with honey than vinegar.
Politeness
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QUESTIONS?
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Persuasive Essays
Introduction
Main point one
Main point two
Main point three
Counterclaim & Rebuttal
Conclusion
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HANDOUT ON OUTLINES FOR PERSUASIVE ESSAYS
Company Logo
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Reading in Syllabus
• This week = short week • Complete this week’s reading and next
week’s readings for next week rather than this week.