english grammar
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ENGLISH GRAMMAR
PRESENT TENSE BE, DEMONSTRATIVES,
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES, CAN, PREPOSITIONS
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PRESENT TENSE BE
The verb BE has got three forms: AM, IS, ARE, which we have to use according to the pronoun or subject.
TO BE
Occupations Nouns Adjectives Places
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AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
They are doctors. AREThey
We are friends. AREWe
It is a city. ISIt
She is my sister.ISShe
He is in the lab. ISHe
You are a student.AREYou
I am a teacher.AMI
ExampleVerb FormSubject
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NEGATIVE SENTENCES
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
She is not sad They are not in the school
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NEGATIVE SENTENCES
We’re not = We aren’t
You’re not = You aren’t
They’re not = They aren’t
We
You are not
They
He`s not = He isn’t
She’s not = She isn’t
It’s not = It isn’t
He
She is not
It
I`m notI am not
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YES / NO QUESTIONS
YES / NO QUESTIONS
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YES / NO QUESTIONS
Mary tall and thin.
Mary tall and thin?
Yes, she is / No, she isn’t
Yes, she is tall and thin. / No, she is not tall and thin
Affirmative Statement:
Yes / No question:
Short Answers:
Full /Complete Answers:
John and Peter students.
John and Peter students?
Yes, they are / No, they aren’t
Yes, they are students. / No they are not students.
Affirmative Statement:
Yes / No question:
Short Answers:
Full /Complete Answers:
are
Are
is
Is
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WH - QUESTIONS
WH - QUESTIONS
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WH - QUESTIONS
How are you? I am sad.
How is Loja? It is small.
State
Form / manner
How
Where is he? In the house.PlacesWhere
Who is the director of the school? Carlos.
PeopleWho
What is this? It is a book.
What is your name? Robert.
What do you do? I am a driver.
What is he doing? He’s working
Things
Name
Occupations
Activities
What
ExampleInformation about…
Wh-word
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REVIEW
Are they doctors?
Are we friends?
Is it a city?
Is she my sister?
Is he in the lab?
Are you a student?
Am I a teacher?
Yes/No Question
They are not doctors.
We are not friends.
It is not a city.
She is not my sister.
He is not in the lab.
You are not a student.
I am not a teacher.
Negative Statements
Yes, they are / No they are not
They are doctors.
Yes, we are / No, we are not
We are friends.
Yes, it is / No, it is notIt is a city.
Yes, she is / No, she is not
She is my sister.
Yes, he is / No, he is notHe is in the lab.
Yes, I am / No, I am notYou are a student.
Yes, you are / No, you are not
I am a teacher.
Short AnswersStatement
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DEMONSTRATIVES
We use THIS / THESE when the objects are near to the speaker.
This is a blackboard These are papers
THIS +Singular Nouns THESE + Plural Nouns
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DEMONSTRATIVES
We use THAT / THOSE when the objects are far from the speaker.
That is a lake.
Those are mountainsTHAT + Singular Nouns
THOSE + Plural Nouns
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DEMONSTRATIVES
DEMONSTRATIVES
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PLURAL NOUNS
cat - catsface - facesday – days
Add -smost others
fly - fliestry - tries
curry – curries
Change y to ithen
Add –es
consonant + y
boss - bossestax - taxes
bush - bushes
Add -ess, x, ch or sh
ExamplesForming the pluralNoun ending
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IRREGULAR PLURAL
potato - potatoestomato - tomatoes
volcano - volcanoes
Add –esEnds with - o
half - halveswolf - wolvesloaf - loaves
Change f to vthen
Add –es
Ends with –f
knife - kniveslife - lives
wife - wives
Change f to vthen
Add –s
Ends with -fe
ExamplesForming the pluralNoun type
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IRREGULAR PLURAL
sheepdeer
fish (sometimes)
Singular and pluralare the same
Unchanging
man - menfoot - feet
child - childrenperson - people
tooth - teethmouse - mice
Change the vowelor
Change the wordor
Add a different ending
ALL KINDS
ExamplesForming the pluralNoun type
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POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
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POSSESSIVE ADJTECTIVES
POSSESSIVE ADJTECTIVES
This is our house
Her pants are blueHis shirt is new
This is her cat
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POSSESSIVE FORM ‘S
POSSESSIVE FORM ‘S
Kevin’s wife is Rose.
His wife is Rose.Charlie’s book is black.
The Child’s mother is happy
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PREPOSITION OF PLACE
At the bus station at home
At the door at the top
At work at the end of
AT (lugar específico)
On a shelf on a wall
On a plate on the table
On a balcony on a door
ON (sobre una superficie)
In the house in a shop
In a room in a town
In a car in a garden
IN (dentro de)
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CAN / CAN’T
CAN / CAN’T
They can dance He can’t play the piano He can play football
He can swim He can skate
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NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS
Can they walk ?
Can we sing?
Can it run?
Can she swim?
Can he play?
Can you dance?
Can I cook?
YES/NO QUESTIONS
Yes, they can / No, they can’t
Yes, we can / No, we can’t
Yes, it can / No, it can’t
Yes, she can / No, she can’t
Yes, he can / No, he can`t
Yes I can / No I can’t
Yes, you can / No,you can´t
SHORT ANSWERS
They can not walk
We can not sing
It can not run
She can not swim
He can not play
You can not dance
I can not cook
NEGATIVE
They can walk
We can sing
It can run
She can swim
He can play
You can dance
I can cook
AFFIRMATIVE