Grammar: The Basics

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A vase or two faces?

Which image do you see?

A young girl’s face or an old woman’s face?

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This or That ?

Objective

Understand the difference between SVO / SOV

Use the rule effectively for Sentence construction

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Sentences Construction

Subject +Verb+Object

I + eat + food

Subject +Object +Verb

I + food + eat

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Sentence Structure

Objective

Identify the commonly made mistakes while

speaking in English

To increase fluency in English

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Gamer Grammar

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Building Blocks

Noun

Noun: is a word used as the name, animal, place, or thing.

Person: man, woman, teacher, John, Mary

Place: home, office, town, countryside

Animal: dog, cat, horse, monkey

Thing: book, pen, room, tree

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Parts Of Speech

NounTypes Of Nouns

Common Noun

Proper Noun

Collective Noun

Abstract Noun

Countable / Uncountable Nouns

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Parts Of Speech

Noun

Common Noun

Is a name given in common to

every person or thing of the

same class or kind.

E.g.

City, man, boat, and radio

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Parts Of Speech

Noun

Proper Noun

Name of a specific person, place

or thing.

E.g.

Eiffel Tower, India,

Mr. Will Smith, Nokia

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Parts Of Speech

Noun Collective Noun

Name of a number ( or collection) of persons or things

taken together and spoken of as a whole.

E.g.

A Crowd -a collection of people

An Army - collection of soldiers

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Parts Of Speech

Noun Abstract Noun

Is usually the name of a quality, action, or state.

E.g.

Quality - kindness, darkness, honesty

Action - laughter, theft

State - sleep, sickness

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Parts Of Speech

Noun Countable Noun

(or countables) are the names of objects, people, etc. that we can count.

E.g. book, pen, apple, boy

Uncountable noun

(or uncountables) are the names of things which cannot count.

E.g. milk, sugar, gold, oil

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Parts Of Speech

Noun

Lisa works as a programmer at Microsoft.

Let's have lunch at McDonalds.

Mc DonaldsMc Donalds

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Parts Of Speech

Noun The sun sheds it’s beams on rich and poor alike.

Edward was a great king.

The rose smells sweet.

A flock of sheep is passing by.

George was a brave soldier.

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Parts Of Speech

Fun time

Lets play Name, Place, Animal, Thing with a difference

Proper Noun Common Noun Collective Noun Abstract Noun

Peter Postman Poultry Prayer

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Name, Place, Animal, Thing

Pronoun

Pronoun: is a word used instead of a noun.

E.g.

Tim is absent, because he is ill.

This book is mine.

It is doubtful whether he will come for the party.

Bob is a kind boy. He has lent his bicycle to Alice.

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Parts Of Speech

PronounE.g.

Do you think Mary is pretty? I think Mary is beautiful.

With pronouns, we can say:

Do you think Mary is pretty? I think she is beautiful.

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Parts Of Speech

Pronoun Personal Pronoun:

I, we, you, he, (she, it), are called Personal Pronouns because they stand for three persons.

E.g.

The person speaking –This is my book

The person spoken to – Those are your books

The person spoken of- That is her book

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Parts Of Speech

Pronoun Indefinite Pronoun

Refers to noun that are indefinite.

E.g.

One evening a beggar came to my door.

Somebody stole the mangoes.

Anybody

Each

Either

None

Someone

One

Few

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Parts Of Speech

Pronoun

Relative Pronoun- such as that, who, which, whose and whom

which give extra information about the subject.

E.g.

The woman who interviewed me was very friendly.

I can't stand dogs that bark loudly.

This, That

These, Those

Who, Whom

Whose, Which

What

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Parts Of Speech

Pronoun

Reflexive Pronoun

Pronouns combined with –self or –selves

to emphasize the subject of the verb.

E.g.

I hurt myself.

Myself

Yourself

Himself

Ourselves

Themselves

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Parts Of Speech

Pronoun

Person and Number Subjective Possessive Subjective

First Person Singular I Mine Me

First Person Plural We Ours Us

Second Person Singular You Yours You

Second Person Plural You Yours You

Third Person Singular He / she / it His / hers / its Him / her / it

Third Person Plural They Theirs They

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Parts Of Speech

Adjectives An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun, pronoun or another adjective. An adjective

"qualifies" or "modifies" a noun. Adjectives can be used before a noun or after certain verbs. We can often use two or more adjectives together.

E.g.

A big car

I like Chinese food

It is a tough decision

A beautiful young French lady

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Parts Of Speech

AdjectivesAdjective Patterns:

Adjectives can come before noun: a new car

Adjectives can come after verbs: such as be, become, seem, look, etc.: that

car looks fast

They can be modified by adverbs: a very expensive car

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Parts Of Speech

Fun Time

Hi! I’m Witty

William

Hi! This is my

friend Witty

William And I am

Energetic Esther

Hi! That’s Witty

William, this is

Energetic Esther and I

am Helpful Henry

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Name Chain

Verb

Verb: is a word that tells something

about a person or thing.

E.g.

The sun shines brightly.

Harry laughs.

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Parts Of Speech

VerbTypes of Verbs

Auxiliary Verbs

Regular Verbs

Irregular Verbs

Modal Verbs

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Parts Of Speech

Verb

Auxiliary Verb: ‘To Do’, ‘Be’ and ‘Have’ are the English auxiliary verbs /

helping verbs used in a negative structure, a question or to show

tenses.

Modal Verb: Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as possibility,

intention, obligation and necessity.

E.g. Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should

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Parts Of Speech

Verb

Regular Verb: A regular verb is one that follows the pattern of taking -ed for

the past simple and past participles.

E.g. walk / walked / walked

Irregular Verb: An irregular verb is one that does not take the -ed ending for

the Past Simple and Past Simple forms. Some verbs do not change.

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Parts Of Speech

Verb Irregular Verbs

Base Form Past Tense Past Participle

Shut

Read

Shut

Read

Shut

Read

Sit

Build

Sat

Built

Sat

Built

Know

See

Knew

Saw

Known

Seen

Types of Verbs

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Parts Of Speech

VerbCharacteristics of Verbs

Verbs usually come after the subject of the sentence.

E.g. Chris paints well.

Verbs must agree in person (first, second, etc.) and number (singular and plural)

with the subject of the sentence.

E.g. She sings sweetly.

They sing sweetly.

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Parts Of Speech

Adverb Adverb - An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb. An

adverb "qualifies" or "modifies" a verb. But adverbs can also

modify adjectives, or even other adverbs.

E.g.

The man ran quickly.

Tara is really beautiful.

The Cell phone works very well.

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Parts Of Speech

AdverbCharacteristics of Adverb

Function

The main job of an adverb is to modify (give more information about) verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.

Modify a verb:

- John speaks loudly. (How does John speak?)- Mary lives locally. (Where does Mary live?)- She never smokes. (When does she smoke?)(In the following examples, the adverb is in red and the word that it modifies is in purple.)

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Parts Of Speech

Adverb2. Form

3. Many adverbs end in -ly.

E.g. quickly, softly, strongly, honestly, interestingly.

But not all words that end in -ly are adverbs.

E.g. "Friendly", is an adjective.

Some adverbs have no particular form.

E.g. well, fast, very, never, always, often, still

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Parts Of Speech

Adverb3. Position

Adverbs have three main positions in the sentence:

Front (before the subject):

- Now we will study adverbs.

Middle (between the subject and the main verb):

- We often study adverbs.

End (after the verb or object):

- We study adverbs carefully.

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Parts Of Speech

Lets have some fun

Enact the given adverbs while the class guesses the same.

E.g.

Harry and Sally dance gracefully.

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Dumbverb

Prepositions Prepositions: are words that we can use to indicate time, place and space.

PREPOSITIONS

Period/Point of Time

During

Throughout

At

Position

In, Under, Over, Beside,

Between, Opposite,

Among, Between

Direction

Towards

Past

Around

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Parts Of Speech

PrepositionsCommonly used Prepositions

Aboard About Above Across After

Against Along Among Around At

Before Behind Below Beneath Beside

Between Beyond By Down During

Except For From Into Like

Of On Over Since To

Within In Up Over Off

Towards Under Until Upon With

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Parts Of Speech

Prepositions

We went to school on Monday.

My plane stopped at Washington and New Jersey and arrived

in New York two hours late.

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Parts Of Speech

Fun Time

Identify slogans with Prepositions in them

E.g.

Lets go in an ALTO – Maruti

King of good times - Kingfisher

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Lord of the Ad world

Conjunctions Coordinating Conjunctions -

are used to join two parts of a sentence

that are grammatically equal. The two

parts may be single words or clauses.

E.g.

Jack and Jill went up the hill.

The water was warm but I didn't go swimming.

F – ForA – AndN – NorB – ButO – OrY – YetS - So

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Parts Of Speech

Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions -

A word or words used to

connect unequal parts of a sentence.

E.g.

I went swimming, although it was cold.

Since, Because,

If, After, Until,

Although, Before,

As Though, Though,

When, Unless

As

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Parts Of Speech

Conjunctions

Correlative Conjunctions –

A pair of conjunctions used to show a comparison.

(They are also known as paired conjunctions)

E.g.

Not only is she rich, but also intelligent.

Both-and

Either-or

Neither-nor

Since-therefore

If-then

Not only-but also

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Parts Of Speech

Fun time

And

Also

ButNor

SoFor

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Conjunction

Interjection

Interjection: is a big name for a little word. Interjections are short exclamations like Hello!,

Bravo!, Alas! or Ah! They have no real grammatical value but we use them quite often,

usually more in speaking than in writing. When interjections are inserted into a sentence,

they have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An interjection is followed by an

exclamation mark (!) when written.

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Parts Of Speech

Interjection

E.g.

"Hey ! look at that!" (calling attention )

"Hi ! What's new?" (expressing greeting )

"Well ! what did he say?" (introducing a remark )

Well !what did he say?

Hi !

What's new?

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Parts Of Speech