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Book 1 :Book 2 :
Gulliver’s TravelsThree Men in a Boat
by
by
Jonathan Swift.
Jerome K. Jerome.
Acquaintance with the of the
novel and of the novel.
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Chapterwise Summary
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LONG READING TEXTS / NOVELS
BOOK–1Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift 3–88
i. Brief Introduction to the Novel in English / Hindi 3
ii. Chapterwise Summary of the Novel in English / Hindi 7
iii. Important Questions on Theme, Characterization and Incidents 59
1. What idea do you form of Lemuel Gulliver from your reading of the novel. 592. Give in brief a character-sketch of the king of Lilliput. 593. Give a brief character-sketch of Reldresal. 60
4. Give a brief character-sketch of Skyresh Bolgolam. 60
5. Give a brief character-sketch of Flimnap. 61
6. Give a brief character-sketch of Thomas Wilcox, the captain of a ship. 61
7. Write in brief the character-sketch of the farmer, Gulliver’s first master in Brobdingnag. 62
8. Give a brief character-sketch of Glumdalclitch. 629. Give a brief character-sketch of the king of Brobdingnag. 63
10. Give a brief character-sketch of the queen of Brobdingnag. 63
11. Give a brief character-sketch of the palace dwarf. 64
12. Give a brief description of the country of Lilliput and its people. 64
13. Who were the Big-Endians and the Little-Endians ? What was the conflict between the two ? 65
14. Explain how the war broke out between the empires of Blefuscu and Lilliput. 65
15. Who was Reldresal ? Why did he go to Gulliver ? 65
16. What was Gulliver’s great service to the king of Lilliput ? 6617. In what way were the parents of the Lilliputians different from ours ? How were the children
raised in Lilliput ? 66
18. What was considered a test of ability and merit in the land of Lilliput ? 67
19. Describe in brief the laws and customs of Lilliput. 6720. What charges were brought against Gulliver in the country of Lilliput ? 6821. Why did Gulliver decide to slip away from Lilliput ? 68
22. Give a brief description of the country of Brobdingnag and its inhabitants. 69
23. Gulliver became a source of income for his first master in Brobdingnag. How ? 6924. Give a brief description of the tricks played by the palace dwarf on Gulliver. 7025. Gulliver had to face several mishaps during his stay in Brobdingnag. Elaborate. 70
26. What was the greatest danger that Gulliver had to face during his stay in Brobdingnag ? 7127. What did Gulliver tell the king of Brobdingnag about the government of his country ? 71
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28. What opinion did the king of Brobdingnag form about the English people ? 7129. Why does Gulliver say that the learning of the people of Brobdingnag was very defective ? 7230. What was the king’s reaction when Gulliver offered to reveal to him the secret of making
gunpowder ? 7231. How was Gulliver able to leave Brobdingnag and come back to England ? 7332. Compare and contrast Lilliputians and Brobdingnagians. 7333. Pen down the enmity between the Tramecksans and Slamecksans. 7434. Gulliver’s life in Brobdingnag would have been difficult without Glumdalclitch. Elaborate. 7435. ‘The King’s doubts paint a different picture of the so-called civilized world.’ Explain. 7536. Write a character-sketch of Gulliver’s old comrade, Peter William. 7537. How did Gulliver reach the island of Laputa ? 7638. Many of the people of Laputa were followed by their servants. Why ? 7639. Describe in detail about the dishes served to Gulliver in Laputa. 7740. What were the two principal interests of the Laputans ? 7741. Why couldn’t the men in Laputa enjoy even the normal pleasures of life ? 7842. Write in brief about the flying island of Laputa. 7843. How were the Laputans able to make discoveries beyond the European astronomers ? 7944. Why couldn’t the Laputan king become the most powerful monarch in the universe ? 79
45. How was Gullliver able to leave the island of Laputa ? Who did he meet at Lagado ? 79
46. What were the results of the projects carried out in the Academy of Projectors ? 80
47. Reproduce briefly some of the projects carried out in the Academy of Projectors. 80
48. What projects were being carried out by the professors of the school of languages ? 80
49. What novel method was followed by a professor of mathematics to teach his pupils ? 81
50. What could account for the ill-built houses of the Laputans. 81
51. What scheme was proposed to prevent legislators from talking nonsense in the assembly ? 82
52. What different methods were devised in Balnibarbi for the purpose of raising funds ? 82
53. Write a brief note on the habitants of Glubbdubdrib island. 82
54. Who summoned the ghosts of Alexander and Hannibal ? What information did the two provide ? 83
55. Why was Gulliver disappointed after meeting the ghosts of some of the European kings ? 83
56. How did Gulliver conclude that the world had been misled by writers ? 8357. What did Gulliver find out about the immortals of Luggnagg ? 8458. How did Gulliver reach Japan ? Why was he exempted from trampling upon the crucifix ? 8459. Attempt a character-sketch of the emperor of Japan. 84
60. How did Gulliver reach the country of Houyhnhnms ? 85
61. Describe Gulliver’s first meeting with the Houyhnhnms. 8562. Where did the master Houyhnhnm take Gulliver and what did Gulliver see there ? 8663. What idea did the Houyhnhnms form about Gulliver ? 86
64. What did Gulliver tell the master Houyhnhnm about the horses in his own country andhow did the master feel about it ? 86
65. What did Gulliver tell the master Houyhnhnm about himself and his country ? 8766. What did the master Houyhnhnm come to know from Gulliver about the English courts ? 8767. What did Gulliver tell the master Houyhnhnm about money in his country ? 88
68. What did Gulliver tell the master Houyhnhnm about the political life in his country ? 88
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BOOK–2
Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome 91–182
i. Brief Introduction to the Novel in English / Hindi 91
ii. Chapterwise Summary of the Novel in English / Hindi 92
iii. Important Questions on Theme, Characterization and Incidents 153
1. “I sat and Pondered. I thought what an interesting case I must be from a medical point of view.”
What was amusing about the narrator? Discuss on the basis of your reading of this novel,
‘Three Men in a Boat’. 153
2. Relate the incident regarding the writer’s visit to the doctor. 153
3. How did the three men propose to spend their holiday ? What was the final decision ? 154
4. Why did the three men decide to go on a boating expedition ? 154
5. How did the three men plan to spend the nights during their holiday trip ? 155
6. How did Uncle Podger cut his finger and what did he do then ? 155
7. How did Uncle Podger use the hammer while hanging the picture ? 156
8. What different food articles did the three men decide to take with them for their journey ? 156
9. ‘Any work requires concentration and confidence.’ Prove this with reference to Uncle Podger. 156
10. Relate in brief the ‘cheese incident’. 157
11. How was one of Jerome’s holiday completely ruined by a weather forecast ? 158
12. ‘We don’t get what we want while we get what we don’t want.’ What two personal
experiences does the writer narrate to prove his point ? 158
13. How does Harris relate his experience in the maze at Hampton Court ? 159
14. According to the narrator, human beings are creatures of the sun. Explain on the basis of
your reading of the novel, ‘Three Men in a Boat’. 159
15. Why does the writer feel that the company of ladies utterly spoils an excursion ? 160
16. Reproduce in your own words the incident woven round Mrs Thomas’s tomb. 160
17. Narrate the incident related to ‘trespassing’ at Kempton Park. 161
18. What did Harris and his friends think about his ability to sing comic songs ? 161
19. Relate the incident of Professor Slossenn Boschen’s ‘comic song’ at the party. 162
20. How was George greeted by the writer and Harris when he met them at Sunbury Lock ? 162
21. What incident does George narrate about towing by a young girl and a young man ? 163
22. What importance does Jerome attach to a contented stomach ? 163
23. Reproduce the event narrated by Harris about his father’s spending the night at an inn. 164
24. Give a brief character-sketch of the narrator (Jerome), George and Harris. 164
25. ‘The sight of those noticeboards arouses every evil instinct in my nature.’ What does the
above line reveal about the character of the narrator in ‘Three Men in a Boat’ ? 165
26. Give a brief character-sketch of Uncle Podger. 165
27. Give a brief character-sketch of the narrator (Jerome). 166
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28. Describe the act of packing by George and Harris. 166
29. Describe in brief the incident when George’s watch went wrong. 167
30. ‘You are duffers not to come in.’ Who spoke these words and why ? 168
31. Describe the incident related to Harris’s preparing the scrambled eggs during their journey. 168
32. Describe in brief the first trip up the river Thames when the three men landed at Datchet. 169
33. What did the writer and his friends do to open the tin of pineapple ? 169
34. Why did the three old men sitting in a punt curse the writer and his two companions ? 170
35. What does the mention of fox-terrier dogs remind the writer of ? 170
36. Montmorency made an awful ass of himself when he saw a cat in Marlow. How ? 171
37. Their final march down the High Street was a spectacle, says the writer. Elaborate. 172
38. What happened when George, Harris and the writer tried the river water once ? 172
39. What happened when the writer and his two companions were having lunch in a meadow ? 173
40. How did George, Harris and the writer prepare the dish, Irish stew ? 173
41. Describe the episode when Montmorency had a fight with the kettle. 174
42. What happened when the writer and George were having a walk in Henley ? 174
43. What did Harris tell George and the writer when they came back from their walk roundthe town of Henley ? 175
44. What was the story of the woman whose dead body was noticed by George near Goring ? 176
45. The description of the story of the woman who took her life is so heart-rending. Expressyour opinion on the fate met by the woman. 176
46. Write in brief the story, narrated by the writer, of a young conscientious fisherman. 177
47. Describe the episode related to a trout kept in a glass-case in a riverside inn at Streatley.Who had caught it ? 177
48. The mention of locks reminds the writer of an accident. What was it ? 178
49. In the last chapter of the novel, why did the writer suggest to George to play his banjoand sing a comic song ? 179
50. How did Harris and the writer feel when George played on his banjo a sad tune ?What was the tune ? 179
51. How did the writer, George and Harris end their boating trip ? How did they come backto London ? 179
52. Would you call J. a workaholic ? Why / Why not ? Illustrate with instances from thenovel, ‘Three Men in a Boat’. Also discuss the attitude of the three friends towards work. 180
53. What do you know about George in the novel, ‘Three Men in a Boat’ ? 181
54. What is the main plot of the novel, ‘Three Men in a Boat’ ? 182
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(I) Brief Introduction to the Novel in English
‘Gulliver’s Travels’ is the story of one Lemuel Gulliver told by himself. He was an English-man trained as a surgeon. He took to life on the seas when his business failed. In this book,he narrates the adventures that befall him during these travels. His travels relate to fourimaginary lands named by him as –– (1) Lilliput (2) Brobdingnag (3) Laputa and (4) Houyhnhnms.
The first adventure begins in Lilliput where he reaches after he is shipwrecked. When hewakes up, he finds himself bound by innumerable tiny threads. His captors are tiny peoplewho are filled with wonder at his huge size. They try to capture him by using their arrowswhich to Gulliver are little more than pinpricks. However, in spite of all their violence, thesepeople are quite hospitable. In feeding Gulliver, they risk famine in their land because Gulliverconsumes more food than could feed a thousand Lilliputians. They make a huge wagon inorder to take Gulliver to their capital city. There he is presented to the emperor who feelsquite amused by Gulliver’s huge size. Gulliver, too, feels pleased by the attention he is givenby the royalty. Eventually, Gulliver becomes a national hero. He is used by the Lilliputianarmy in their war against the people of Blefuscu whom the Lilliputians hate because of somedoctrinal differences. These differences pertain to the proper way of cracking an egg. Butthings change when Gulliver puts out a fire in the royal palace with his urine. He is convictedof treason and is condemned to be shot in the eyes and starved to death. Gulliver escapes toBlefuscu and there he finds a boat on the sea coast. He repairs this boat and sets sail forEngland.
After staying in England for two months with his wife and family, Gulliver undertakes hisnext sea voyage. It takes him to the land of Brobdingnag. It is a land inhabited by people whohave terribly huge bodies. They look like giants. A farmer working in the fields sees him andtakes him for a little animal. He takes him home and keeps him for the amusement of hisdaughter. The farmer eventually sells Gulliver to the queen who wants to keep him for theamusement of the court. She feels entertained by Gulliver’s ‘musical cries’. Life becomes easyfor Gulliver at the court, but it is not particularly enjoyable. He is often full of repulsion oversome of the acts of Brobdingnagians. Due to their huge size, even their ordinary beings fillGulliver with awe. One day, a couple of courtly ladies let him play on their naked bodies.Gulliver is not attracted to them but is rather disgusted by the sound of their torrentialurination. He is also startled by the ignorance of the people there. Even the king knows
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BOOK–1
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byJonathan Swift
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GULLIVER’S TRAVELS
nothing about politics. The various animals of the realm endanger his life. The insects leaveslimy trails on his food that make the eating difficult. Once the royal couple take Gulliverwith them on a trip. A huge eagle swoops down, picks up the cage that has Gulliver in it anddrops it into the sea. Luckily, Gulliver is saved and he comes back home in England.
After some time, Gulliver again sets sail. This time, his ship is attacked by pirates from aChinese port. Gulliver manages to reach a rocky island. Here a floating island alights from thesky and Gulliver finds himself aboard the flying island of Laputa. It is a land inhabited byintellectuals who think in terms of the abstract and ignore the practical. The floating islandarrives above the continent of Balnibarbi. Gulliver receives permission to visit the land. Afterhis inspection of the Grand Academy, Gulliver travels on to Glubbdubdrib which is an islandof sorcerers. Here he interviews the apparitions of historic personalities like Alexander, Caesar,Pompey and Sir Thomas More. Through his interviews, he finds that history books are unreliablesources of information. He then journeys on to Luggnagg to meet the king and to see theLuggnaggian immortals who never die. He is not impressed with what he sees of immortality.Now he continues his journey and reaches Japan. From here he goes back to England. Hereaches home after having been away for more than three years.
In August 1710, the restless Gulliver sets out on the last of his voyages as the captain ofa ship. His crew members mutiny against him and imprison him in his cabin. Gulliver somehowescapes and arrives in an unknown land. This land is populated by Houyhnhnms who arerational-thinking horses. They are the rulers here and rule over a race of brutish humanlikecreatures called Yahoos. Gulliver sets about learning their language. After he has learnt theirlanguage, he narrates to them the story of his voyages and also explains to them theconstitution of England. Gulliver is treated with great courtesy and kindness by the horses andis enlightened by his many conversations with them. He wants to stay with the Houyhnhnms,but his bared body reveals to the horses that he is very much like a Yahoo. Naturally, he isbanished from the land of Houyhnhnms. Gulliver is grief-stricken but agrees to leave. Hefashions a canoe and makes his way to a nearby island. Here he is picked up by a Portugueseship. The captain treats him well, though Gulliver now sees the captain (and all humans) asshamefully Yahoo-like. Gulliver concludes his narrative by saying that the lands he had visitedbelong by rights to England as her colonies, even though he questions the whole idea ofcolonialism.
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5GULLIVER’S TRAVELS
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Brief Introduction to the Novel in Hindi
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‚ê’ÁãœÃ „Ò¥U¢, Á¡ã„¢ ©U‚Ÿ ŸÊ◊ ÁŒ∞ „Ò¥U -- (v) Á‹‹Ë¬È≈U (w) ’˝Ê’Á«¢UªŸÒª (x) ‹Ê¬È≈UÊ (y) „ÈUÁŸêïÊ–
¬„U‹Ë ÉÊ≈UŸÊ Á‹‹Ë¬È≈U ŸÊ◊∑§ mˬ ◊¥ ÉÊÁ≈Uà „UÙÃË „Ò– ÿÊòÊÊ ∑§ Œı⁄UÊŸ ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§Ê ¡„UÊ¡ ß‚ mˬ ◊¥ ŒÈÉʸ≈UŸÊª˝Sà „UÙ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ¡’
ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U „UÙ‡Ê ◊¥ •ÊÃÊ „ÒU, fl„U Sflÿ¢ ∑§Ù ¿UÙ≈U-¿UÙ≈U •ŸÁªŸÃ œÊªÙ¥ ◊¢ ’¢œÊ „ÈU•Ê ¬ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ©U‚∑§ ’ãŒË∑§Ãʸ ¿UÙ≈U-¿UÙ≈U ‹Ùª „Ò¥U ¡Ù ©U‚∑§
Áfl‡ÊÊ‹ •Ê∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ù Œπ∑§⁄U •Ê‡øÿ¸øÁ∑§Ã „Ò¥U– fl ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§Ù ’¢ŒË ’ŸÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ •¬Ÿ ÃË⁄UÙ¢ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿÙª ∑§⁄Uà „Ò¥U ¡Ù ©U‚∑§ Á‹∞ ◊ÊòÊ
‚ÍßÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë øÈ÷Ÿ ‚ •Áœ∑§ Ÿ„UË¥ „Ò¥U– ¬⁄UãÃÈ Á»§⁄U ÷Ë •¬ŸË ‚Ê⁄UË Á„¢U‚Ê ∑§ ’Êfl¡ÍŒ ÿ ‹Ùª ’„ÈUà ◊„U◊ÊŸŸflÊïÊ „Ò¥U– ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§Ù Áπ‹ÊŸ-
Á¬‹ÊŸ ∑§ øÄ∑§⁄U ◊¥ fl •¬ŸË ÷ÍÁ◊ ∑§Ù •∑§Ê‹ ∑§ πÃ⁄‘U ◊¥ «Ê‹ ‹Ã „Ò¥U ÄÿÙ¥Á∑§ ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ©U‚‚ ÷Ë •Áœ∑§ ÷Ù¡Ÿ ª˝„áÊ ∑§⁄U ‹ÃÊ „ÒU
Á¡ÃŸ ÷Ù¡Ÿ ‚ ∞∑§ „U ÊÊ⁄U Á‹‹Ë¬È≈U flÊÁ‚ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬≈U ÷⁄UÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ ÕÊ– fl ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§Ù •¬ŸË ⁄UÊ¡œÊŸË ◊¥ ‹ ¡ÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞∑§
Áfl‡ÊÊ‹ ÉÊÙ«∏Uʪʫ∏UË ∑§Ê ÁŸ◊ʸáÊ ∑§⁄Uà „Ò¥– fl„UÊ¢ ©U‚ ‚◊˝Ê≈U ∑§ ‚Ê◊Ÿ ¬˝SÃÈà Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU ¡Ù ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§ Áfl‡ÊÊ‹ •Ê∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ù Œπ ∑§⁄U ’„ÈUÃ
¬˝‚㟠„UÙÃÊ „Ò– ⁄UÊ¡‚Ë ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ë •Ù⁄U ‚ ßÃŸÊ •ÊŒ⁄U-‚à∑§Ê⁄U ¬Ê∑§⁄U ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§Ù ÷Ë ’„ÈUà ¬˝‚ãŸÃÊ ◊„‚Í‚ „UÙÃË „ÒU– •ÊÁπ⁄U∑§Ê⁄U
ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ¬Í⁄‘U Œ‡Ê ∑§Ê ŸÊÿ∑§ ’Ÿ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– Á‹‹Ë¬ÈÁ≈UÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ŸÊ ’‹»§È‚∑È ∑§ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§ ÁflL§h •¬Ÿ ÿÈh ◊¥ ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿÙª ∑§⁄UÃË
„ÒU– ∑ȧ¿U ‚ÒäŒÊ¢ÁÃ∑§ ◊Ã÷ŒÙ¥ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ §Á‹‹Ë¬È≈UflÊ‚Ë ’‹»§È‚∑È ∑§ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ‚ ÉÊÎáÊÊ ∑§⁄Uà „Ò¥U– ÿ ◊Ã÷Œ ∞∑§ •¢«U ∑§Ù ÃÙ«∏UŸ ∑§ ‚„UË …¢Uª
‚ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ „Ò¥U– ¬⁄UãÃÈ ‚’ øËïÊ¥ ’Œ‹ ¡ÊÃË „Ò¥U ¡’ ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ⁄UÊ¡◊„U‹ ◊¥ ‹ªË •Êª ∑§Ù •¬Ÿ ◊ÍòÊ ‚ ’ȤÊÊÃÊ „ÒU– ©U‚ Œ‡ÊŒ˝Ù„U ∑§Ê ŒÙ·Ë
ΔU„U⁄UÊÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ©U‚ Œá«U ÁŒÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ©U‚∑§Ë •Ê¢πÙ¥ ◊¥ ÃË⁄U ◊Ê⁄U ∑§⁄U ©Uã„¥U »§Ù«∏U ÁŒÿÊ ¡Ê∞ ÃÕÊ Á»§⁄U ©U‚ ÷ÍπÊ ⁄Uπ ∑§⁄U ◊Ê⁄U ÁŒÿÊ
¡Ê∞– ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ’‹»§È‚∑È ∑§Ë •Ù⁄U ÷ʪ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– fl„UÊ¢ ©U‚ ‚◊ÈŒ˝ ∑§ Á∑§ŸÊ⁄‘U ∞∑§ ŸÊfl Á◊‹ÃË „ÒU– fl„U ß‚ ŸÊfl ∑§Ë ◊⁄Uê◊à ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU •ı⁄U
ß‚ ¬⁄U ‚flÊ⁄U „UÙ∑§⁄U ߢNjҥ«U ∑§ Á‹∞ ÁŸ∑§‹ ¬«∏UÃÊ „ÒU–
•¬ŸË ¬àŸË ÃÕÊ •¬Ÿ ¬Á⁄UflÊ⁄U ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ŒÙ ◊„UËŸ Ã∑§ ߢNjҢ«U ◊¥ ⁄U„UŸ ∑§ ’ÊŒ ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U •¬ŸË •ª‹Ë ‚◊ÈŒ˝Ë ÿÊòÊÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÁŸ∑§‹ ¬«∏UÃÊ
„ÒU– ÿ„U ©U‚ ’˝Ê’Á«¢UªŸÒª ∑§Ë œ⁄UÃË ∑§Ë •Ù⁄U ‹ ¡ÊÃË „ÒU– ß‚ œ⁄UÃË ¬⁄U ’„UŒ Áfl‡ÊÊ‹ ‡Ê⁄UË⁄U flÊ‹ ‹Ùª ⁄U„Uà „Ò¥U– fl ŒÒàÿÙ¥ ∑§ ‚◊ÊŸ ÁŒπÊ߸ ŒÃ
„Ò¥U– πÃÙ¥ ◊¥ ∑§Ê◊ ∑§⁄U ⁄U„Ê ∞∑§ Á∑§‚ÊŸ ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§Ù Œπ ‹ÃÊ „ÒU ÃÕÊ ©U‚ ∞∑§ ¿UÙ≈UÊ ¡ÊŸfl⁄U ‚◊¤Ê ‹ÃÊ „ÒU– fl„U ©U‚ •¬Ÿ ÉÊ⁄U ‹ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU ÃÕÊ
©U‚ •¬ŸË ’≈UË ∑§ ◊ŸÙ⁄¢U¡Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ ⁄Uπ ‹ÃÊ „ÒU– •ãÃ× Á∑§‚ÊŸ ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§Ù ⁄UÊŸË ∑§Ù ’ø ŒÃÊ „ÒU ¡Ù ©U‚ •¬Ÿ Œ⁄U’Ê⁄U flÊ‹Ù¢ ∑§ ◊ŸÙ⁄¢U¡Ÿ
∑§ Á‹∞ ⁄UπŸÊ øÊ„UÃË „ÒU– fl„U ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§Ë ^‚¢ªËÃ◊ÿ øËπÙ¥* ‚ ’„ÈUà •ÊŸ¢ÁŒÃ „UÙÃË „ÒU– ◊„U‹ ◊¥ ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§ Á‹∞ ¡ËflŸ ’„ÈUà •Ê‚ÊŸ „UÙ
¡ÊÃÊ „Ò ¬⁄UãÃÈ ÿ„U Áfl‡Ê· M§¬ ‚ •ÊŸ¢ŒŒÊÿ∑§ Ÿ„UË¥ „UÙÃÊ „Ò– fl„U •Ä‚⁄U ’˝Ê’Á«¢UªflÊÁ‚ÿÙ¥ ∑§ ∑ȧ¿U ∑§Ê◊Ù¥ ∑§Ë fl¡„U ‚ ÉÊÎáÊÊ ‚ ÷⁄U ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU–
•¬Ÿ Áfl‡ÊÊ‹ •Ê∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ©UŸ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ◊¥ ‚ ‚ÊœÊ⁄UáÊ ‹Ùª ÷Ë ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§Ù ÷ÿ ‚ ÷⁄U ŒÃ „Ò¥– ∞∑§ ÁŒŸ ◊„U‹ ◊¥ ⁄U„UŸ flÊ‹Ë nks ÁSòÊÿÊ° ©U‚
•¬Ÿ ŸÇŸ ‡Ê⁄UË⁄U ∑§ ‚ÊÕ π‹Ÿ ŒÃË „Ò¢– ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ©UŸ∑§ ¬˝Áà •Ê∑§Á·¸Ã Ÿ„UË¥ „UÙÃÊ ’ÁÀ∑§ ©UŸ∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ Á∑§∞ ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹ ◊Í‚‹ÊœÊ⁄U ◊ÍòÊ Áfl‚¡¸Ÿ
∑§Ë •ÊflÊ¡ ‚ ©U‚ ’„UŒ ÉÊÎáÊÊ ◊„U‚Í‚ „UÙÃË „ÒU– fl„U ©U‚ ¡ª„U ∑§ ‹ÙªÙ¢ ∑§Ë •ôÊÊŸÃÊ ∑§Ù ns[k∑§⁄U ÷Ë ’„ÈUà •øÁê÷à „UÙÃÊ „ÒU– ÿ„UÊ¢ Ã∑§ Á∑§
⁄UÊ¡Ê ÷Ë ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁà ∑§ ’Ê⁄‘U ◊¥ ∑ȧ¿U Ÿ„UË¢ ¡ÊŸÃÊ – ©U‚ ⁄UÊíÿ ∑§ ÁflÁ÷㟠¡ÊŸfl⁄U ©U‚∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ ∑§Ù πÃ⁄U ◊¥ «UÊ‹ ŒÃ „Ò¢– ∑§Ë«U∏ ©U‚∑§ ÷Ù¡Ÿ ¬⁄U
‹‚ŒÊ⁄U ÁŸ‡ÊÊŸ ¿UÙ«∏U ¡Êà „Ò¥U Á¡‚∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ©U‚∑§ Á‹∞ ÷Ù¡Ÿ ∑§⁄UŸÊ ◊ÈÁ‡∑§‹ „UÙ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ∞∑§ ’Ê⁄U ‡ÊÊ„UË Œê¬ÁûÊ ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§Ù •¬Ÿ ‚ÊÕ
∞∑§ ÷˝◊áÊ ¬⁄U ‹ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– fl„UÊ¢ ∞∑§ Áfl‡ÊÊ‹ øË‹U ŸËø •Ê∑§⁄U ¤Ê¬^UUÊ ◊Ê⁄ÃË „ÒU •ı⁄U ©U‚ Á¬¢¡⁄U ∑§Ù ©UΔUÊ ∑§⁄U ‹ ¡ÊÃË „ÒU Á¡‚∑§ •¢Œ⁄U
ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑Ò§Œ „ÒU– •ı⁄U Á»§⁄U fl„U ©U‚ Á¬¢¡⁄‘U ∑§Ù ŒÍ⁄U ‹ ¡Ê∑§⁄U ‚◊ÈŒ˝ ◊¥ »¥§∑§ ŒÃË „ÒU– ‚ı÷ÊÇÿfl‡Ê ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ’ø ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU •ı⁄U fl„U ߢNjҥ« •¬Ÿ
ÉÊ⁄U flʬ‚ •Ê ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU–
∑ȧ¿U ‚◊ÿ ∑§ ’ÊŒ, ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U Á»§⁄U ‚ ‚◊ÈŒ˝Ë ÿÊòÊÊ ¬⁄U ÁŸ∑§‹ ¬«∏UÃÊ „ÒU– ß‚ ’Ê⁄U øËŸË ’ãŒ⁄UªÊ„U ∑§ ÁŸ∑§≈U ‚ ∑ȧ¿U ‚◊ÈŒ˝Ë «UÊ∑Í „U◊‹Ê ∑§⁄U
ŒÃ „Ò¥U– ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∞∑§ ø^UÊŸË mˬ ¬⁄U ¬„È¢UøŸ ∑§Ê ¬˝’¢œ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU– ÿ„Ê¢ ∞∑§ ©U«∏UÃÊ „ÈU•Ê mˬ •Ê‚◊ÊŸ ‚ •ÊÃÊ „ÒU •ı⁄U ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U Sflÿ¢ ∑§Ù
‹Ê¬È≈UÊ ∑§ mˬ ¬⁄U ¬ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ß‚ œ⁄UÃË ¬⁄U ’ÈÁh¡ËflË ‹Ùª ⁄U„Uà „Ò¥U ¡Ù ÷ÊflŸÊà◊∑§ M§¬ ‚ ‚Ùøà „Ò¥U •ı⁄U √ÿÊfl„UÊÁ⁄U∑§ ’ÊÃÙ¥ ∑§Ù Ÿ¡⁄U•¢ŒÊ¡
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∑§⁄U ŒÃ „Ò¥U– ÿ„U ©U«∏UŸ flÊ‹Ê mˬ ’Ê‹ÁŸ’Ê⁄U’Ë ∑§ ◊„UÊmˬ ¬⁄U ¬„°ÈUøÃÊ „ÒU– ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§Ù ß‚ ¬⁄U ÷˝◊áÊ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë •ŸÈ◊Áà Á◊‹ ¡ÊÃË „ÒU– ªÒ¢̋«U
•∑Ò§«U◊Ë ∑§Ê ÁŸ⁄UˡÊáÊ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ ’ÊŒ ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ªÀ’«U’Á⁄UU’ ∑§Ë ÿÊòÊÊ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU ¡Ù Á∑§ ¡ÊŒÍª⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ê mˬ „ÒU– ÿ„UÊ¢ ¬⁄U fl„U ◊„UÊŸ˜ √ÿÁÄÃÿÙ¥ ¡Ò‚
Á‚∑¢§Œ⁄U, ‚ËïÊ⁄U, ¬Êê¬Ë •ı⁄U ‚⁄U VÊ◊‚ ◊Ù⁄U ∑§ ÷ÍÃÙ¥ ∑§Ê ߢ≈U⁄U√ÿÍ ‹ÃÊ „ÒU– •¬Ÿ ß‚ ߢ≈U⁄U√ÿÍ ∑§ Œı⁄UÊŸ fl„U ŒπÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§Ê ‚˝Ùà ◊ÊŸË
¡ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë ßÁÄUÊ‚ ∑§Ë Á∑§ÃÊ’¥ Áfl‡flÊ‚ ∑§⁄UŸ ‹Êÿ∑§ Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU– Á»§⁄U fl„U ⁄UÊ¡Ê ∑§Ù Á◊‹Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ ‹ªŸª ∑§Ë •Ù⁄U ÿÊòÊÊ ¬⁄U ÁŸ∑§‹ ¬«∏UÃÊ
„ÒU– fl„U ©UŸ •Ÿ‡fl⁄U ‹ªŸÒÁªÿÙ¥ ‚ Á◊‹ŸÊ øÊ„UÃÊ „ÒU Á¡Ÿ∑§Ë ∑§÷Ë ◊ÎàÿÈ Ÿ„UË¥ „UÙÃË– ¬⁄UãÃÈ fl„UÊ¢ ¬⁄U •Ÿ‡fl⁄UÃÊ ∑§ ’Ê⁄‘U ◊¥ fl„U ¡Ù ∑ȧ¿U ÷Ë
ŒπÃÊ „ÒU ©U‚‚ fl„U Á’À∑ȧ‹ ÷Ë ¬˝÷ÊÁflà Ÿ„UË¥ „UÙÃÊ– ß‚Á‹∞ •’ fl„U •¬ŸË ÿÊòÊÊ ¡Ê⁄UË ⁄UπÃÊ „ÒU •ı⁄U ¡Ê¬ÊŸ ¬„È°UøÃÊ „ÒU– ÿ„Ê¢ ‚ fl„U flʬ‚
ߢNjҥ«U ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ÃËŸ fl·¸ ‚ •Áœ∑§ ‚◊ÿ Ã∑§ ÉÊ⁄U ‚ ŒÍ⁄U ⁄U„UŸ ∑§ ¬‡øÊØ fl„U •¬Ÿ ÉÊ⁄U flʬ‚ •ÊÃÊ „ÒU–
•ªSà v|vÆ ◊¥ ’øÒŸ „ÈU•Ê ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U •¬ŸË •ÁãÃ◊ ‚◊ÈŒ˝Ë ÿÊòÊÊ ¬⁄U ÁŸ∑§‹ ¬«∏UÃÊ „ÒU -- ¡„UÊïÊ ∑§ ∑§åÃÊŸ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥– ©U‚∑§ Œ‹ ∑§
‚ŒSÿ ©U‚∑§ ÁflL§h ÁflŒ˝Ù„U ∑§⁄U ŒÃ „Ò¥U •ı⁄U ©U‚ ©U‚∑§ ∑§ˇÊ ◊¥ ∑Ò§Œ ∑§⁄U ŒÃ „Ò¢U– ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U Á∑§‚Ë Ã⁄U„U fl„UÊ¢ ‚ ’ø ÁŸ∑§‹ÃÊ „ÒU •ı⁄U Á∑§‚Ë
•ôÊÊà Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ¬„È°Uø ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ß‚ Œ‡Ê ◊¥ „ÈUÁŸêïÊ ⁄U„Uà „Ò¥U ¡Ù Á∑§ Áflfl∑§¬Íáʸ M§¬ ‚ ‚ÙøŸ flÊ‹ ÉÊÙ«∏U „Ò¥– fl ÿ„Ê¢ ∑§ ‡ÊÊ‚∑§ „ÒU¢ •ı⁄U ◊ŸÈcÿ ¡Ò‚
ÁŒπŸ flÊ‹ ÿÊ„ÍU ŸÊ◊∑§ ¬‡ÊÈ ‚◊ÊŸ ¡ËflÙ¥ ∑§Ë ¡ÊÁà ¬⁄U ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§⁄Uà „Ò¥U– ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ©UŸ∑§Ë ÷Ê·Ê ‚ËπŸË ‡ÊÈM§ ∑§⁄U ŒÃÊ „ÒU– ©UŸ∑§Ë ÷Ê·Ê ‚ËπŸ
∑§ ¬‡øÊØ fl„U ©UŸ∑§Ù •¬ŸË ÿÊòÊÊ•Ù¢ ∑§Ë ∑§„UÊŸË ‚ÈŸÊÃÊ „ÒU •ı⁄U ©UŸ∑§ •Êª ߢNjҥ«U ∑§ ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ∑§Ë √ÿÊÅÿÊ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU– ÉÊÙ«U∏Ù¥ ∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U
∑§ ‚ÊÕ ’„ÈUà Á‡Êc≈UÊøÊ⁄U ∑§Ê ÃÕÊ ŒÿÊ ∑§Ê √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU •ı⁄U fl„U ©UŸ∑§ ‚ÊÕ „ÈU∞ •¬Ÿ ’„ÈUà ‚ flÊÃʸ‹Ê¬Ù¥ ‚ ’„ÈUà •ÊŸ¢ÁŒÃ „UÙÃÊ
„ÒU– fl„U „ÈUÁŸêïÊ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ⁄U„UŸÊ øÊ„UÃÊ „ÒU, ¬⁄UãÃÈ ©U‚∑§Ê ŸÇŸ „ÈU•Ê ‡Ê⁄UË⁄U ÉÊÙ«U∏Ù¢ ∑§ •Êª ÿ„U ’Êà πÙ‹ ŒÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ fl„U ÷Ë ’„ÈUà „UŒ Ã∑§ ∞U∑§
ÿÊ„ÍU ∑§ ¡Ò‚Ê „UË „ÒU– SflÊ÷ÊÁfl∑§ M§¬ ‚ ©U‚ „ÈUÁŸêïÊ ∑§ Œ‡Ê ‚ ÁŸ∑§Ê‹ ÁŒÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§Ù ’„ÈUà ŒÈ—π „UÙÃÊ „ÒU ¬⁄UãÃÈ fl„U fl„Ê¢ ‚ ¡ÊŸ
∑§ Á‹∞ ‚„U◊à „UÙ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– fl„U ∞∑§ ŸÊfl ÃÒÿÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU •ı⁄U ÁŸ∑§≈U ∑§ ∞∑§ mˬ ∑§Ë •Ù⁄U ÁŸ∑§‹ ¬«∏UÃÊ „ÒU– ÿ„UÊ¢ ¬⁄U ©U‚ ∞∑§ ¬ÈøªÊ‹Ë
¡„UÊ¡ ’øÊ ‹ÃÊ „ÒU– ©U‚ ¡„UÊ¡ ∑§Ê ∑§åÃÊŸ ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ‚ •ë¿UÊ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU, „UÊ‹Ê°Á∑§ •’ ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U ∑§åÃÊŸ (ÃÕÊ ‚÷Ë ◊ŸÈcÿÙ¥) ∑§Ù ÿÊ„UÍ
¡ËflÙ¥ ∑§Ë ÷Ê¢Áà „UË ÉÊÎáÊÊÿÙÇÿ ‚◊¤ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ªÈ‹Ëfl⁄U •¬Ÿ fláʸŸ ∑§Ê ÁŸc∑§·¸ ÿ„U ∑§„Uà „ÈU∞ ÁŸ∑§Ê‹ÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ Á¡Ÿ-Á¡Ÿ Œ‡ÊÙ¢ ◊¥ fl„U ªÿÊ „UÒ fl
‚÷Ë •ÊÁœ∑§ÊÁ⁄U∑§ M§¬ ‚ ßÇ¢‹Ò¥«U ∑§Ë ’ÁSÃÿÊ¢ „UË „Ò¥U ÿlÁ¬ fl„U ’SÃËflÊŒ ∑§ ‚◊Íø ÁfløÊ⁄U ∑§Ù ŸÊ¬‚¢Œ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU–
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(II) Chapterwise Summary of the Novel in EnglishPart I
A Voyage to Lilliput
Chapter 1.01The novel begins with Lemuel Gulliver recounting the history of his family. He says that
he is the third of the five sons of a small farmer in Nottinghamshire. At the age of fourteen,he was sent to a college in Cambridge where he stayed for three years. He applied himselfclosely to his studies. Thereafter, he served as an apprentice to an eminent surgeon in London.He remained there for four years. He was next sent to Leyden where for three years he studiedmedicine. Then after a couple of voyages, he wanted to settle down in London and practisemedicine. He married a girl called Mary who brought him a fairly good dowry.
Gulliver’s medical practice did not prove very successful. So he took up a surgeon’s job ona ship which was to make a voyage to the South Sea. The ship sailed from Bristol on 4 May,1699.
At first, the voyage went on well, but soon afterwards the ship was overtaken by a violentstorm, and got wrecked. While most of the sailors were drowned, Gulliver was able to swimashore. Feeling exhausted, he fell asleep near the seashore.
After several hours of sleep, Gulliver woke up. He found himself bound with chains andsurrounded by a crowd of people who were just six inches in height. These pigmies had bows.They were shooting arrows upon him, causing him great pain. However, under the orders oftheir leader, they offered him food and drink, but without releasing him from his chains.
After having fed him, they made arrangements to take him to the king. It was a problem forthem to transport a man who, by comparison with them, was a huge giant. They got a hugecarriage built for him and carried him to the palace. The king, accompanied by many lords ofhis court, came out to look at Gulliver whose huge dimensions filled each one with wonder.
Chapter 1.02On arriving in the city, Gulliver felt the urgent need to urinate. As he had been lodged in
a deserted ancient temple, he took the earliest opportunity to relieve himself. In the meantime,the king came to have a look at Gulliver. He surveyed Gulliver with great admiration for hishuge size. The queen, the princes and princesses sat down in their chairs at a safe distancefrom Gulliver. The king made several efforts to communicate with Gulliver, but neither understoodthe language of the other. A large crowd had collected there. Many of them started shootingarrows at Gulliver. One arrow narrowly missed his eye. Five or six of the Lilliputians cameforward to control the mob. Gulliver caught hold of them. He could have crushed them todeath, but refrained from doing any such thing.
The king, after consultations with his courtiers, decided to keep Gulliver with him and feedhim properly. Elaborate arrangements were made for Gulliver’s board and lodging. Arrangementswere also made to teach him the language of the Lilliputians. In about three weeks’ time, hewas able to learn enough of the language. Now he was able to communicate with the king anda few others.
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GULLIVER’S TRAVELS
Gulliver was thoroughly searched. An inventory of all the articles found on him was prepared.His sword and his pistols were taken away from him. His watch was one of the items whichcaused great surprise for all who saw it. Gulliver’s pair of spectacles escaped the notice of thosewho searched him. They were in a private pocket of Gulliver’s coat. In the inventory whichwas prepared, Gulliver was given the name of Quinbus Flestrin, which meant ‘man-mountain’.
Chapter 1.03Gulliver’s gentleness and good behaviour won him the favour of the king and his court.
Gulliver began to hope that he would soon be released from his chains. Some activities of theLilliputians were a source of great amusement to Gulliver. One such activity was that of therope-dancing. This activity was practised by those who held high offices at the imperial court.All candidates for such offices were asked to dance on a rope, and whoever jumped thehighest without falling was offered a high office. Sometimes such display of skill led to fatalaccidents.
Another activity practised by the candidates for high offices was to leap over and sometimesto creep under a stick held by the king. Whoever performed his part with the greatest nimblenesswas rewarded with a coloured silken thread. The winners wore these threads round theirwaists.
In response to Gulliver’s repeated requests, the king decided to release him on certainconditions. These conditions were framed by a member of Imperial cabinet, Skyresh Bolgolam.He was very hostile to Gulliver. Gulliver, the man-mountain, was required to take an oath thathe would abide by these conditions. It was also decided by the Emperor that after his release,Gulliver would be allowed a quantity of meat and drink sufficient for the support of 1728Lilliputians because, according to the calculations of the Emperor’s mathematicians, he wouldneed that much food and drink for his maintenance.
Chapter 1.04
After his release, Gulliver sought the king’s permission to go around the city. The permissionwas granted and a proclamation was made that the people should keep away from Gulliver’sroute in order to avoid being crushed by the man-mountain. As Gulliver walked through thecity, the windows and roofs of the houses were crowded with spectators. He passed by theking’s palace that was situated in the centre of the city. Gulliver was able to catch a glimpseof the queen, the young princes and the princesses. The queen smiled very graciously uponGulliver. She offered him her hand through the window, and Gulliver kissed it.
After about a fortnight, the king’s Principal Secretary, Reldresal, approached Gulliver andtold him the state of affairs prevailing in the kingdom. Reldresal said that the country wasdivided into two parties –– the Emperor’s party and the opposition party. While the Emperorbelieved in boiled eggs being broken at the smaller end; the opponents insisted on breakingthem at the bigger end. The two parties were therefore known as Big-Endians and Little-Endians. And then there was a conflict between those who wore high-heeled shoes and thosewho wore low-heeled shoes.
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