English Language ArtsLevel 7 #41Ms. Walker

Today’s Objectives

SuffixesApostrophes and Contractions

Part 1 - The Suffix

A suffix comes at the end of a word and often changes a word from one part of speech to another. For example:

–ate makes a word a verb (affectionate, desolate),

-etic makes a word an adjective (athletic, energetic, poetic)

Suffixes

-ed – makes a word past tense - called, hammered, laughed-er – makes a word mean more- bigger, faster, happier-er – Changes a verb to a noun a person who does an action - announcer, barber, teacher

Suffixes-en - makes the word a verb – awaken, fasten, strengthen-est – most – funniest, hottest, -ful - full of – helpful, thankful, cheerful-less - without – fearless, helpless, homeless

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Part 2 –

Apostrophes are used to:

Show PossessionTo form the possessive case of a singular noun, add ‘s. Consider the ‘ like a piece of tape, sticking the s to the end of the word. How can you tell if a word is possessive?

Rules for Using Apostrophes

or

Apostrophes Show Possession

If you have to add the s to form the possessive, then the apostrophe comes before the s.

Apostrophes Show Possession

Rephrase it. For example: the book of Fred = Fred + ‘ + s = Fred’s bookthe cat of Ms. Berman

= Ms. Berman’s catthe events of the day

= the day’s events

Plural Possessives

If you have a noun that ends with an “s” and it also shows ownership, put the apostrophe after the s. This also applies to words or names that end in s, including the last names of families.

the desks of the class = the class’ desks

a book of Nicholas = Nicholas’ book

the house of the Jones = the Jones’ house plural of Jones = Jones and Jones +’= Jones’

Plural Nouns Not Ending in S

To form the possessive case of a plural noun not ending in s, add an ‘s, because the s is added to form the possessive:

  the room of the children = children’s room

the hat of the women = women’s hats

 

Contractions

Use an apostrophe to show where letters have been omitted in a contraction:is not = isn’t were not = weren’tshould not = shouldn’t

does not = doesn’thas not = hasn’t

Contractions

would not = wouldn’tdo not = don’t have not = haven’tcould not = couldn’twas not = wasn’thad not = hadn’twill not = won’t

Apostrophes are used to show:

Contractions

you are = you’rethey are = they’rewe are = we’re

or

or

Contractions

Use an apostrophe to join nouns or pronouns with verbsshe has or she is = she’s Fred is = Fred’swho is or who has = who’s

Contractions

he has or he is = he’sdesk has = desk’slet us = let’sthat’s = that is or that has

Apostrophes are used to show:

Contractions

you have = you’vecould have = could’vewould have = would’veshould have = should’ve

Apostrophes are used to show:

or

Contractions

she would = she’dhe would = he’d he had = he’dthey would = they’d

Whose v. Who’s

Whose v. Who’s The word whose is a pronoun in the

possessive case, so it has no apostrophe.

Ex: Whose dog is this? I don’t know whose locker this is. 

Whose v. Who’s

The word who’s is a contraction meaning who is or who has, so it requires an apostrophe.

Ex. Who’s going on the trip? = Who is going on the trip? Who’s

been eating all my cookies? = Who has been eating all my

cookies?

Your v. You’re

Your v. You’re The word your is a possessive

pronoun for the word you. The word you’re is a contraction of you + are.Ex. Your mom is here at school.

You’re going home now. = You are going home now.

Let’s v. lets

  Let’s is a contraction of the two words let us. Lets is the third person singular of the verb to let, as in to allow. Ex. Let’s eat ice cream

= Let us eat ice cream.  

My mom lets us eat ice cream. = Mom allows us to eat ice cream.

Possessive Pronouns

You do not use an apostrophe when using the possessive case personal pronouns ending in s, which are his, hers its, yours, ours, and theirs. You are not adding the s, so you do not need an apostrophe.

Possessive Pronouns

Theirs is the first house.That book is yours. The money is ours.Hers is the blue coat.The dog is in its house. She is his mom.

Its v. It’s:

Its v. It’s: The word its is a personal pronoun in the possessive case, so it does not need an apostrophe, just like other personal pronouns (hers, his, theirs).

  

Its v. It’s:

Ex: The refrigerator is set at its lowest temperature.

 The word it’s means it is or it

has and is a contraction, so it does require an apostrophe.

Its v. It’s:

Ex: It’s the first day of June. = It is the first day of June.

It’s got to be Fred’s book. = It has got to be Fred’s book. 

Caution

Do not add apostrophes to verbs ending in s!Incorrect: The boy run’s to school.

Correct: The boy runs to school. Mother know’s best.

Mother knows best. 

Caution

Do not add apostrophes to plural nouns that are not possessive.Incorrect: The book’s are on the shelf. Correct: The books are on the shelf.

Caution

Incorrect: The math problem’s are easy. Correct: The math problems are easy.

Apostrophes and Contractions

http://www.mindbites.com/lesson/2957-basic-punctuation-6-how-to-use-apostrophes

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Apostrophe Assignment

Take out your Apostrophe worksheet and do the exercises. You must have 75% accuracy to show proficiency.

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Part 3 - The Idiom

Idioms are spoken phrases that cannot be found in the dictionary. An idiom is an expression that means something other than the literal meanings of its individual words.

A Dime A Dozen

Anything that is common and easy to get. Anything that is very cheap and abundant in quantity; Flip flops are a dime a dozen.

Lesson Review

Today’s lesson focused on the use of the apostrophe to form possessive nouns and contractions.

Next Lesson

Our next lesson will focus on parentheses and brackets along with homonyms, homophones and homographs.