ENGLISH Mrs. Heleen Deale Exam Revision Grade 8 May 2018 Literature: “Paul Revere’s Ride” (Interactive Reader p xxxxx)

1. Heroes come in all shapes and sizes. Paul Revere is not the “typical” hero but is

remembered as someone who went above and beyond to do what he thought

was right. Write a paragraph of at least 5 sentences why, in your opinion, Paul

Revere should be considered as a hero or not.

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2. Answer the following text-dependent questions with evidence from the poem:

Text-dependent Questions Evidence-based Answers In lines 6 and 24, Longfellow mentions Paul Revere’s friend. Who is this friend and what is his role in the poem?

Based on lines 12-14, what is the purpose of Paul Revere’s ride?

Reread lines 15-24. Describe what is happening in these lines and what that tells us about Paul Revere.

In line 25, the poem states that the friend “wanders and watches with eager ears.” What is he listening for? What does he hear? And what is the result?

Describe the setting in lines 31-37. How does it contribute to the overall feeling of the poem?

In lines 42-48, what two things is Longfellow comparing? Why is he making that comparison?

How does the reader know that the British are on their way? And how does Revere react to his information? Use textual evidence to support your answer.

Based on context clues, what does the word flight mean in line 79?

What does “The fate of the nation was riding that night” (line 78) mean?

In lines 79-80, what does the spark represent?

How long does it take Paul Revere to notify the villagers?

Which of Paul Revere’s actions reveal his perseverance?

How do the villagers react to Revere’s warning? Use textual evidence to support your answer.

Poetic vocabulary from Paul Revere’s Ride

This narrative poem is written in a meter that recalls the sound of a galloping horse’s hooves.

Setting The setting is both the time and geographic location within a narrative or within a work of fiction. What is the setting of this poem? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The characters Name the main characters in the poem. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Tone The tone of a poem is the attitude you feel in it- the writer's attitude toward the subject or audience. What is the tone of the poem? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Rhyme scheme This is the ordered pattern of rhymes at the ends of the lines of the poem of verse. Example from Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18:

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? A Though are more lovely and temperate: B Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, A And summer’s lease hath all to short a date. B Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines C And often is his gold complexion dimmed; D And every fair from fair sometimes declines C By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed. D

The above rhyme scheme is ABAB CDCD. Give the rhyme scheme of the following lines from “Paul Revere’s Ride: Listen, my children, and you shall hear __ Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, __ On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five; __ Hardly a man is now alive __ Who remembers that famous day and year. __ Line 5 He said to his friend, 'If the British march __ By land or sea from the town to-night, __ Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry arch __ Of the North Church tower as a signal light, __ One, if by land, and two, if by sea; __ Line10 And I on the opposite shore will be, __ Ready to ride and spread the alarm __ Through every Middlesex village and farm, __ For the country folk to be up and to arm. __ Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.

• Sea of grief - How and where does one come across a sea that is filled not with water, but with grief?

• Fishing - It is not used to mean that the person is actually fishing; it is an expression which is used to signify that the person is looking for something that is difficult to obtain.

• Broken heart - Your heart is not literally broken into pieces; you just feel hurt and sad.

• The light of my life - The person described by this metaphor isn't really providing physical light. He or she is just someone who brings happiness or joy.

• It's raining men - Men do not literally pour from the sky; there are simply an abundance of male suitors around at the time.

• Time is a thief - Time isn't really stealing anything, this metaphor just indicates that time passes quickly and our lives pass us by.

• He is the apple of my eye - There is, of course, no real apple in a person's eye. The "apple" is someone beloved and held dear.

• Bubbly personality - A bubbly personality doesn't mean a person is bubbling over with anything, just that the person is cheerful.

• Feel blue - No one actually ever feels like the color blue, although many people say they are "feeling blue" to mean they are feeling sad.

• Fade off to sleep - You don't actually fade, you simply go to sleep.

• Inflamed your temper - The news inflamed your temper is not a situation where there is any actual fire or flames, it is just a situation where someone gets mad.

• Reeks of infidelity - When said about a cheating partner, this doesn't actually mean that there is a literal smell. Instead, it is just apparent that the person is cheating.

• Rollercoaster of emotions - A rollercoaster of emotions doesn't exist anywhere, so when people are on a rollercoaster of emotions, they are simply experiencing lots of ups and downs.

• Stench of failure - The stench of failure is strong, according to the common metaphor, but of course failing doesn't really smell.

Explain the metaphor in the following lines:

Beneath, in the churchyard, lay the dead, Line 42-43 In their night-encampment on the hill ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Wrapped in silence so deep and still That he could hear, like a sentinel's tread, The watchful night-wind, as it went Creeping along from tent to tent, And seeming to whisper, 'All is well!' Line 44-48 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Simile:

A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (the difference between simile and metaphor is similes use ‘like’ or ‘as’ and metaphors don’t). Give two examples of similes found in the poem. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Alliteration This is the repetition of initial sounds of words. “I like to laugh about licking lollipops”. Give an example of alliteration from Paul Revere’s Ride: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Consonance This is the repetition of internal or ending consonant sounds. “I like to toss rocks with my boss”. Give an example of consonance from Paul Revere’s Ride: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Assonance The repetition of internal vowel sounds. “I like to sleep by the deep green sea”. Give three examples of assonance from Paul Revere’s Ride: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hyperbole This is to blow something out of proportion. Hyperbole is an exaggeration which is obvious, extreme, and intentional.

Identify hyperbole as used by Longfellow in his poem. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Onomatopoeia The formation of a word (e.g. cuckoo, sizzle), that include sounds that are similar to the noises the words refer to.

Give 2 examples of onomatopoeia in the poem: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Protagonist and Antagonist The protagonist is the main character in the story. Most of the time, it’s the good guy. The antagonist is the one getting in the way of what the protagonist wants. Protagonist Antagonist

Protagonist Antagonist

Name the following from the poem: Protagonist ____________________________________________________________ Antagonist _____________________________________________________________ Major Conflict What is the major conflict in Longfellow’s poem? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Climax It is the turning point of highest tension in the drama. Describe the climax in the poem of Paul Revere. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Foreshadowing It is an indication or warning of a future event. Which events did Longfellow foreshadow? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Allusions It is an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference. Describe an allusion form Longfellow’s poem. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Synecdoche It is a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in England lost by six wickets (meaning “the English cricket team”). Give an example of synecdoche from the poem. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Imagery Imagery means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. Usually it is thought that imagery makes use of particular words that create visual representation of ideas in our minds. The poem "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" by William Wordsworth uses imagery throughout: A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. Describe two examples of imagery from the poem “Paul Revere’s Ride.” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Personification This is the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.

Give two examples of personification in Longfellow’s poem. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paraphrase Rephrase or rewrite the poem in your own words (give a summary of the poem). ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suspense How does Longfellow build suspense in his poem? / Describe the mood as his friend climbs the tower. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“Paul Revere’s Ride” - metaphors

1. What is the theme of “Paul Revere’s Ride”, in one word?

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2. Interpret this phrase from the poem “Paul Revere’s Ride”.

And beneath from the pebbles, in passing, a spark

Struck out by a steed that flies fearless and fleet:

That was all! And yet, through the gloom and the light,

The fate of a nation was riding that night;

And the spark struck out by that steed, in his flight,

Kindled the land into flame with its heat.

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And the meeting-house windows, blank and bare,

Gaze at him with a spectral glare,

As if they already stood aghast

At the bloody work they would look upon.

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Also refer to the Power point presentation on “Paul Revere’s Ride”

Read the following poems on page 168: “Legacies” (Interactive Reader p 168) “The drum” (Interactive Reader p 169) “Choices” (Interactive Reader p 170) Give an analysis of each poem. Grammar: Punctuation exercises: comma, capital letters, colon, semicolon Punctuation exercise 1 Put appropriate punctuation marks in the following sentences:

1. A grandparents job is easier than a parents

2. It looks as if the sun goes around the earth but of course the earth really goes round the sun

3. He neither smiled spoke nor looked at me

4. Long ago in a distant country there lived a beautiful princess

5. It was my aunt who took Peter to London yesterday not my father.

6. Ruth was invited to the party but she was ill so Jane went instead of her

7. Sorry to disturb you could I speak to you for a moment

8. Is it any use expecting them to be on time

9. Johns going to sleep during the wedding was rather embarrassing

10. Having lost all my money I went home

Punctuation exercise 2 Put appropriate punctuation marks in the following paragraph: Harry let out a gasp of surprise that no one could hear. Instead of roots, a small, muddy and extremely ugly baby popped out of the earth. The leaves were growing right out of his head. He had pale green, mottled skin, and was clearly bawling at the top of his lungs. Professor Sprout took a large plant pot from under the table and plunged the Mandrake into it burying him in dark damp compost until only the tufted leaves were visible.

Professor Sprout dusted off her hands gave them all the thumbs up and removed her own earmuffs (4) As our Mandrakes are only seedlings, their cries won’t kill yet, she said calmly, as though she’d just done nothing more exciting than water a begonia. However, they will knock you out for several hours, and as I’m sure none of you want to miss your first day back, make sure your earmuffs are securely in place while you work. I will attract your attention when it is time to pack. Four to a tray – there is a large supply of pots here – compost in the sacks over there – and be careful of the Venomous Tentacula its teething. (6) She gave a sharp slap to a spiky dark red plant as she spoke making it draw in the long feelers that had been inching sneakily over her shoulder (3) professor sprout had made it look extremely easy but it wasnt the mandrakes didnt like coming out of the earth but didnt seem to want to go back into it either they squirmed kicked flailed their sharp little fists and gnashed their teeth harry spent ten whole minutes trying to squash a particularly fat one into a pot (17)

From Harry Potter & the Chamber of Secrets

Punctuation Exercise 3

Use appropriate punctuation marks in the following sentences.

1. We had a great time in France the kids really enjoyed it 2. Some people work best in the mornings others do better in the evenings 3. What are you doing next weekend 4. Mother had to go into hospital she had heart problems 5. Did you understand why I was upset 6. It is a fine idea let us hope that it is going to work 7. We will be arriving on Monday morning at least I think so 8. A textbook can be a wall between teacher and class 9. The girls father sat in a corner 10. In the words of Murphys Law Anything that can go wrong will go wrong

Semicolon or Comma? Directions: determine whether the clauses need to be joined with commas or semicolons. Put the proper punctuation on the blank. 1. The artist preferred to paint in oils ____ he did not like water colors. 2. Even when the house looks clean ____ there is usually a bunch of dirt swept under the rug. 3. I’m going to leave early today ____ unless the boss comes back from the meeting. 4. The computer can perform many calculations at once ____ however, it cannot reason at all. 5. In the first place, it was snowing too hard to see the road ____ in the second place, we had no chains. 6. Italy is my favorite foreign country ____ in fact, I plan on staying there for three weeks this summer. 7. The challenges are not impossible ___ but they are very hard to clear. 8. I’m going to do all of my English homework every night ____ because that’s how you get an “A”. 9. If he misses his appointment ____ he’ll have to wait another six months to see the dentist. 10. There are many negative side effects to smoking ___ there are no positive side effects from smoking.

Possessive adjectives and pronouns:

Personal pronouns

Sentence construction Writing Compound Sentences Worksheet Create a compound sentence by combining the two simple sentences below with the connecting words (and, or, but). Kerry traveled to the woods. She went hunting. Kerry traveled to the woods and she went hunting. 1. Terry likes hamburgers. Terry likes hot dogs. ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Stephen likes video games. Stephen does not like to pay for video games. ___________________________________________________________________ 3. The giraffe enjoys eating grass. The giraffe does not like to get chased by lions. ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Sarah must pass her test. Sarah will not be able to go to the movies. ___________________________________________________________________ 5. The class must behave. The class will not receive a free day. ___________________________________________________________________ 6. We must do well on the test. We will not graduate. ___________________________________________________________________ Vocabulary and spelling: Lesson 17- 21 (Vocabulary for Achievement) Lesson 17 and 18: Activity and inactivity, Forms and boundaries

A. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence:

1. The crowd became ___________ after waiting for an hour for the show to start. a. restive b. complacent c. tranquility

2. Our company is seeking a _____________president who can easily adapt to our strategic goals.

a. boisterous b. dynamic c. monotonous

3. The ______________ environment of the spa made it easy to forget everything. a. complacent b. static c. tranquil

4. The biggest challenge for the spacecraft was to achieve such a

_____________that it could enter orbit. a. velocity b. steadfastness c. static

5. The _____________ toddler can play for hours without getting tired.

a. boisterousness b. energetic c. chaotic

6. The commander was sent out to determine the exact line of __________

between Spain and Portugal. a. demarcation b. distention c. embodiment

7. Layla is always so cheerful and lively, she is the ____________ of happiness.

a. confined b. proximity c. embodiment

8. Hopefully the bad weather will not ____________ upon our plans for an outdoor

party. a. impinge b. gerrymander c. confine

9. I feel very anxious when the principal is in close ____________ to my table.

a. demarcation b. proximity c. omnipresence

10. The hospital was unable to eradicate the bacteria because of its ____________.

a. omnipresence b. distention

c. impingement

11. The ______________ of the bacteria made it impossible not to get infected.

a. distention b. penetration c. omnipresence

12. She is the ______________ of style and grace.

a. demarcation b. embodiment c. proximity

13. A special US commission was formed to ____________ the border.

a. simulate b. demarcate c. impinge

14. Because of the ______________ of a nerve, he was barely able to do his work.

a. impingement b. cooperation c. intrusion

15. The fishermen could _____________ on scientists’ ability to reach the coral reef.

a. proximate b. corrupt c. impinge

Lesson 19: Strength and defence Choose the answer that best completes the sentence:

1. During November 2017, the Defence Force of Zimbabwe took over the control of the country, but denied that is was a _______________ attempt.

a. blockade b. martial c. coup

2. The angry protesters set up a _____________ which resulted in many people

being late for work. a. blockade b. withstanding c. robust

3. The country was very strong and was able to ____________ the attack from their enemies.

a. withstand b. staunch c. robust

4. The __________ of our team prevented their opponents from scoring any goals.

a. vulnerability b. staunchness c. withstanding

5. Ali said he could offer his prospective employees a _____________ income as

he has been in business for over 10 years. a. stable b. staunch c. robust

6. Only the most _______________ people were able to complete the race.

a. staunch b. vulnerable c. robust

7. The building was ____________ as it was the only structure to remain standing

after the earthquake. a. omnipotent b. robust c. indestructible

8. He was a very energetic kid, so his mother insisted that he enrolls in

____________ art classes to get rid of some energy. a. martial b. omnipotent c. robust

9. When I was 5 years old, I was convinced that my father was the strongest man

alive and that he was _________________. a. omnipotent b. vulnerable c. withstanding

10. He felt very _____________ on his first day at the new school as he knew nobody.

a. staunch b. vulnerable

c. omnipotent Lesson 20: Importance Make sure your sentence makes the meaning of the word clear. Take a good look at the examples provided here and also in your textbook, before you write down a sentence. Indispensable or indispensability: If the football player can prove his indispensability, he will surely be chosen for every game this season. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Eminence or eminent: It is eminent that she is a very hard worker, she will be promoted soon. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Inconsequential: Dean talked a lot about inconsequential things, while he should be paying attention to his exam. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Indispensable: My father is indispensable in our family as he is the breadwinner, and we will not know what we will do without him. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Indubitably: Ali is undubitably the best long distance runner in the school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Momentous: The birth of my baby brother was a very momentous day for our whole family. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Noteworthy: It is very noteworthy to mark the paragraphs that the teacher highlighted.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paramount: The principal said that it is of paramount importance that we behave when the Minister comes to visit our classroom. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Pettiness: Mary was so petty and self-centred that she refused to take out the garbage, because the neighbors might see her. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Prestige: There is a lot of prestige involved in her highly paid job, you see it the way she dresses. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Superficial: The newspaper articles were so superficial, that she realized it didn’t even discuss the real problems in the country. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vocabulary from The interactive Reader (see Literature) Poetic vocabulary from “Paul Revere’s Ride” (see Literature) Writing: Write summaries of the literature: “Paul Revere’s Ride” (Interactive Reader pxxxx) “Legacies” (Interactive Reader p 168) “The drum” (Interactive Reader p 169) “Choices” (Interactive Reader p 170) Practice punctuation, use of grammar and sentence construction. Enrichment and remedial exercises: Comprehension and unseen passages

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