english romanticism british historians say it was approximately… …from 1798… …to 1832...
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ENGLISH ROMANTICISM
British historians say it was approximately…
…from 1798… …to 1832
when…
…Lyrical Ballads.
…Wordsworth and Coleridge…
….published…
…their first edition of…
when…
…the first Reform Act was passed…
…inaugurating the stability of the…
…Victorian Age.
At the beginning of the FRENCH REVOLUTION, English Romantic writers were ………………… about it.
It was a ………….. period:turbulent
Industrial Revolution
American Revolution
French Revolution
NapoleonicWars
enthusiastic
WHY? Because they loved the ……..… of the FRENCH REVOLUTION
FREEDOM EQUALITY FRATERNITY
ideals
English Romantic writers became DISILLUSIONED with
the violence of the period of TERROR
BUT LATER
the emergence of NAPOLEON
low wages
employment of children
long hours of work
technological unemployment
terrible working
conditions
IN ENGLAND THERE WERE MANY SOCIAL PROBLEMS
no right to vote
no trade unions
It led to LUDDISM
machine-breaking in factories
The state’s answer was…. REPRESSION
DID THE STATE TRY TO SOLVE THESE SOCIAL PROBLEMS?
NO
The most shocking episode was….The PETERLOO MASSACRE
In 1819 soldiers killed 11 peopleduring a peaceful public meeting
IN THIS HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT……
REASON…
…THE KEYWORD OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT:
…proved powerless to solve
the social evils of the time:
the misery of industrialisation
AND ALSO FROM A LITERARY POINT OF VIEW….
REASON…
…THE KEYWORD OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT:
…had led to the repression of
emotions and feelings
REASON had become a mental prison
THEREFORE
… a reaction AGAINST
ROMANTICISM was…
the faith in REASON
of the previous age (the Enlightenment)
THEREFORE ROMANTICISM wascharacterised by…
… the supremacy of EMOTIONS
FEELINGS
IMAGINATION
WHAT WAS THE MAIN LITERARY GENRE IN ROMANTICISM?
WHAT WAS THE BEST MEANS TO GIVE EXPRESSION TO FEELINGS AND IMAGINATION?
POETRY
THE MAIN FEATURES OF ROMANTICISM:
a growing interest in humble and everyday life
nature and the countryside were exalted
(in opposition to the industrial town)
THE MAIN FEATURES OF ROMANTICISM:
a revival of interest in the Middle Ages, a new taste for the desolate, the love of ruins and graveyards (especially in the Gothic novel)
THE MAIN FEATURES OF ROMANTICISM:
the cult of the exotic
the importance of imagination and childhood
THE MAIN FEATURES OF ROMANTICISM:
individualism (man in the solitary state not corrupted by society)
the source of poetry is not in the outer world but in the poet’s INNER FEELINGS
Rousseau
The great English Romantic poets are
usually divided into two generations:
The FIRST generation
The so-called LAKE POETS
W. Wordsworth S. T. Coleridge
The SECOND generation
P.B. Shelley G.G. Byron J. Keats