Enact a real life conversation between

a homeroom tutor and

an ES teacher?

A heart- to -heart chat about the a student in your class who

is on ES support

Hurdles• When prior knowledge is being assessed

• While listening and speakingStruggling to express Struggling to be understoodStruggling to understand

• While reading and writingSymbolism and imagery

Density of words / spelling

Speed

Decoding words/ understanding sentences /ideas in paragraphs

word• Decode and pronounce difficult

words correctly

sentence •Make sense of sentences containing these words

Paragraph •Connect the sentence to the theme of the paragraph

TASK •Synthesizing, Comparing, Inferring and Reflecting,

When reading a student may be trying to…

Q1. Why do you think Pete’s uncle left the room in a hurry?Who was Pete?Oh! he had an uncle,Which room?Why did he leave?Was he in a hurry?Where can I find this answer?Ma’am. Can you help me?It’s in the beginning. Read it carefully.HereHurry.Have you finished?No Ma’am

Teacher’s Role

Build a rapportMotivate

EncouragePraise

Have patienceBe fair

DifferentiateUnderstand

R E L AX

KNOWING THE STAGES

Pre – Production (Silent Period).• Early Production.• Speech Emergence.• Intermediate Fluency.

Advanced Fluency.

Pre Production Stage or (Silent Stage) Stephen Krashen•Can last for a year •Students should not be forced to speak•Students will respond very well to pictures and visuals•Total Physical Response method works well•Benefit from buddies•Although students do not produce language it does not mean they are not learning•Simple Listening comprehension activities to build receptive vocabulary

Early Production - 2• Can last up to for 6 months • Active vocabulary of up to 1000 words• Will speak in one or two phrases• Will tend to memorize• Accept one or two word responses• Use pictures and visuals especially to build

vocabulary• Modify content information to language level• Provide listening activities• Use simple predictable text• Support learning with graphic organizers, charts,

graphs labeling and short sentence

Speech Emergence – 3• Could have a vocabulary of about 3000 words• Will ask short questions which may not be grammatically correct• Will initiate conversation Beginning to develop Basic Interpersonal Social Communicative

skills (BISC)• Will be able to do some content work with teacher support• Sound out stories phonetically• Read modified text• Match vocabulary words to definitions• Understand and answer questions about graphs and charts• Understand teacher explanations and two-step instructions• Can compose brief stories based on personal experience

Intermediate Fluency - 4• Could have a vocabulary of about 6000 words• Using more complex sentences in writing and speaking• Are willing to express opinions and share thoughts• Will ask questions to clarify thoughts

•They must be encouraged to synthesize and make Inferences• A time for teachers to focus on learning strategies• Will be able to understand more complex concepts

Advanced fluency• It would take 4 to 10 years to reach C

Cognitive Academic Learning Proficiency (CALP).

• Most students get exited from the program at this stage

• At the beginning of this stage students will need continuous support from classroom teachers especially in content area subjects.

Early Production_______________________________________

Will speak in one or two phrases

___________________________

Use simple predictable text and modify language level

____________________________

Focus on pictures and listening exercises

___________ _________________

Use graphic organizers , charts, etc to make instructions clear

Speech Emergence____________________ Will initiate

conversation___________________Will read modified

content based text

____________________Will be able to compose

brief stories____________________Will follow 2 -step

instructions

Intermediate Fluency

___________________ Will construct more complex sentences ___________________Will understand more complex concepts

___________________Should be encouraged to synthesize and infer___________________ Should focus on learning strategies

2 3 4

Significance of BISC Jim Cummins

Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills• It is the language skills required in social

surroundings• In the playground / school bus/ dining

hall sports field/ parties/talking on the phone• This language is not demanding and it

also does not mean that the student is proficient in the language

SOCIAL

• Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency• Formal Academic Learning• Includes listening, speaking, reading & writing• This level is required to make progress in

school• It includes skills such as comparing, classifying,

synthesizing, evaluating, and inferring.

Significance of CALPJim Cummins

ACADEMIC

• With your expectations• When setting your goals• While making assessments

Be Realistic

. . . and watch your students move from one stage to the other!

Listening or Reading Comprehensions

Garbage

What happens to our garbage when we throw it out? Most garbage is picked up outside our house in a truck and taken to the landfill. Some things like cardboard and glass can be recycled. Some people throw food garbage like banana peels into a pile in their yard called a compost pile. Worms and tiny bugs eat the food garbage and make good soil to make plants grow.

Basic Flow• Read or Listen• Understand • Enrich Vocabulary• Study Grammar• Think Critically• Find Out• Write or Speak • Present

PYPLearner Profile

Comprehension skills

• Summarizing• Sequencing• Inferencing• Comparing and contrasting• Drawing conclusions• Self-questioning• Problem-solving• Relating background knowledge• Distinguishing between fact and opinion• Finding the main idea, important facts, and supporting details

Test student’s comprehension with carefully crafted questions, taking care to use simple sentences and key vocabulary from the text they just read..

Literal level Why do the leaves turn red and yellow in the

fall?

Interpretive level Why do you think it needs water?

Applied levelHow much water are you going to give it? Why?

Credits

• CALP and BISC Theorized by Jim Cummins• Silent Period According to Stephen Krashen• The five Stages As explained by Judie Hayne• Comprehension Skills Colorín Colorado – website• Levels in questioning Colorin Colorado - website• Images Clipart Hurdles Teacher’s Role Basic Flow design