english-ulster irish dictionary.txt
TRANSCRIPT
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An Embryonic English-Ulster Irish Dictionary.
Ciarán Ó Duibhín: an leagan seo 2013/02/11
This file is best viewed in a monospaced font, such as Courier New.
The purpose of this list is to assist anyone wishing to speak or write in Ulster Irish, and it therefore contains the words used in Ulster. We make no secret about our choice of dialect, unlike dictionaries which claim to be EnglishIrish dictionaries but are based on southern dialects of Irish. Such dictionaries may tell you that the Irish for "smoke" is "deatach" while the greater number which give precedence, rather than exclusivity, to southern dialects may tell you it is "deatach" or "toit", in that order. We will tell you that it is "toit".
Nearly all the forms given here are included in Ó Dónaill's Irish-English dictionary, where they are most commonly found at the ends of articles as variants of unspecified provenance; or, if included as headwords, they are cross-referred to more southerly forms, again without any statement of provenance. What this list tells you is that they are *Ulster* variants; generally, in fact, the normal forms in Ulster.
Besides differences in the choice of Irish word for straightforward English terms, e.g. "smoke," or "minute (of time)", there are also many words used by Donegal writers which have no very direct English equivalent and for that very reason,
possibly are rarely referenced in EnglishIrish dictionaries, e.g. "beinn" or "seanadh" or "greadadh". These will be included here too.
As well as more-or-less direct equivalents for common words, the list contains a growing number of idioms, that is, examples where the natural Gaelic translation of an English expression may be far from literal. If these natural modes of Gaelic expression are replaced in use by literal translations of English expressions, Gaelic may as well be pronounced dead, even though its words continue to be used with English semantics attached, straight out of the bilingual dictionary.
Further examples of the precise usage of Gaelic words suggested by this glossary may be found in the textbase "Tobar na Gaedhilge", of which a download for MS Windows may be obtained from http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/~oduibhin/tobar.
As a general-purpose English-Irish dictionary, this list would be woefully incomplete, but I hope to make it more complete gradually. Some day it may be usable as a dictionary by itself, but at present I suggest using it as a pre-processor to other dictionaries: if you want information about Ulster Irish, have a lookhere, then consult any other English-Irish dictionary if nothing is found here.
I also intend to examine whether the list may be given a thesaurus structure.
A few notes on some Irish lexemes are given at the end.
A
about prep.: fá, fá dtaobh de
absorb v.: (soak up) ól; it had soaked up the sea-water: bhí an sáile ólta aige
acclimatised to adj.: acclimatised to heat/hardship: clóidhte leis an teas/chruaidhteán
according adv.: according to (to judge by) what I hear: do réir mar chluinim
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according as (in proportion as) the water rises: do réir mar éireochas an t-uisce ... he is growing old: do réir mar tá an aois ag teacht air according to (depending on) how much of a hurry he is in: do réir mar tá deifirair ... how much he wants to speak to her: do réir mar tá dúil aige bheith ag cainnt léite ... how I may feel: do réir mar bhuailfeas an talann mé, ... mar thogóras mé, ... mar thiocfas sé de mhian orm
account: that's nothing! (that's of no account!): níl dadaidh annsin! on account of [= because of] a woman: mar gheall ar mhnaoi
accuse v.: what crime is he accused of?: caidé an choir atá curtha síos dó?
ace n.: within an ace of: de dheas go maith do
adjust v.: to adjust the reins: deis a chur ar na sriantaí
adjusted to adj.: adjusted to heat/hardship: clóidhte leis an teas/chruaidhteán
admit v.: aidmhigh
advantage n.: it has an advantage over Gaelic: tá buaidh aici ar Ghaedhilg
afraid adj.: he's not afraid of hard work: níl mórán de bheinn aige ar obair chruaidh
after prep.: i ndiaidh
against prep.: the current and the wind were against them: bhí sruth is gaoth daor ortha
alarm n.: to make someone jump with alarm: stangadh a bhaint as duine
almost adv.: ar shéala (also means "purporting to be")
almost ruined, destroyed: ar shéala a bheith millte to be almost as far ahead as he was: bheith de dheas do fhad chun tosaigh leis almost full/empty: de dheas do bheith lán/folamh s.a. close, nearly
alone adv.: left alone (of person), deserted: scaithte alone in the world: in m'aon bhocht scaithte to wander/travel alone: ghabháil thart go scaithte
animal n.: ainmhidhe, pl. ainmhidheanna
ankle n.: múrnán
apart adv.: standing apart: scaithte we kept well apart: choinnigh muid scaithte ó chéile
aperture n.: four men entered through the aperture: thainig ceathrar fear isteach ar an pholl
appearance n.: (one's outline or general appearance) feagraidheacht (facial appearance) gnúis
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applause n.: greadadh bos
apple n.: ubhla, pl. ubhlaí
appointed adj.: (the appointed time/place) an t-am/an áit a dubhradh, a bhí socruighthe, ainmnighthe
appointment n.: (job) posta; appointments (i.e. staff) subcommittee: fóchoiste foirne (meeting) ?; (appointments = furnishings) trioc;
arrange v.: to arrange flowers: bláthanna a dheisiú; deis a chur ar bhláthanna
arrive v.: as I arrived: ag teacht 'un tosaigh domh
arrogance n.: uabhar (also: pride), díomas
as conj/prep.: just as happened before: dálta mar thárluigh roimhe just as on every other night: dálta gach oidhche eile just like me, just as in my case: mo dhálta féin just as with the farmers, so with the fishermen: tá dálta na dtuathanach ar na hiascairí
assessor n.: measadóirattempt n.: at the first attempt: ar an chéad iarraidh he attempted to murder me: thug sé iarraidh mharbhtha orm
attend v.: (serve, wait upon, be present in a serving capacity or out of duty e.g. at school) freastal; (be present, eg. at a party, dinner, concert) bheith i láthair, bheith ann (attend to something in one's charge) giollacht: eg. talamh, bárr, móin a ghiollacht - to attend to land, crops, peat; biadh a ghiollacht - to attend to (prepare) food (to business etc.) aire a thabhairt do
attendance n.: (service, e.g. in restaurant) freastal; (presence, e.g. at school) láithreacht (cf. i láthair)
August: Lughnasna
authority n.: (proof, justification) urra f4
away adv.: to get away (escape) from sth pursuing or competing: rud a scaitheadh swept/blown etc away: scaithte a flood came and swept the jetty away: tháinig tuile agus scaitheadh an chéidh we have been so long away from home: tá muid an fad sin scaithte ón bhail
e if he had been kept away from bad company: dá scaithtidhe ar shiubhal ón droch-cuideachta é
B
baby-sitter n.: gocamán (so used in Belfast, from Rannafast word for a hen set tohatch another's eggs; in Scotland the word is applied to the bird that hatches
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the cuckoo's eggs)
back out, back down v.: loc he didn't back down from the fight: níor loc sé an troid gabháil ar do chúl i rud
baker n.: fuinteoir
baking n.: fuinteoracht
balance n.: (remainder) an chuid eile; an fuighleach
bang about v.: he heard it sliding and banging about: chuala sé ag sleamhnú agus ag greadadh é
barber n.: bearradóir
bark n.: (of tree) cairt
barrel n.: usaid (f2), gs. usaide, pl. usaideacha, gpl. usaideach
bash v.: being bashed against rocks: ghá ghreadadh in éadan carraigeach
batter v.: they were heedless of the sticks they were being battered with: ní rabh beinn acu ar na smaichtíní a rabhthar á ngreadadh leo the two crowds battered one another: ghread an dá scaife a chéile
beat v.: beat a drum: droma a ghreadadh beat with a whip/with a stick : greadadh le fuip/le smaichtín; he beat all comers at every skill: ghread sé a dtáinig ós a choinne ag achan cheird; to beat one's hands (in anguish): do bhosa a ghreadadh le tréan buadhartha; his heart beat with sudden joy: bhí a chroidhe ag greadadh le lúthgháir thobann beat it!: gread leat!
because: ar an ádhbhar go, cionnas go
bee n.: beachóg ("beach" would be mistaken for "beathach")
behind adv.: to leave someone (eg. a pursuer, a competitor) behind/trailing: duine a scathadh left behind (through inability to keep up): scaithte
Belfast: Béal Fearsaid(e) (and so pronounced)
bemused adj.: you would be bemused by his talk: chuirfeadh sé ceo ar do chluasa
bent adj.: flexed, as of limbs: crupaighthe
better adj.: what better man (could there be): cé'r chórtha do dhuine eile (literally) who would be more appropriate as another person
between prep.: eadar
bilberry n.: fraochóg
bittern n.: buinneán
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bladder n.: (taken from an animal) scrathóg
blanket n.: (blanket or travelling rug) cideog horse blanket: cideog capaill
blink v.: caoch
blinkers n.: (for a horse) léarógaí
blizzard n.: stoirm shneachta
blow v.: the door was blown in: greadadh an doras isteach (leis an ghaoith)
bold adj.: (daring) dána; (badly-behaved) dolba
bother n.: in (quite) a spot of bother: i ngéibheann (chruaidh, trom)
bother v.: bad weather doesn't bother us: níl beinn againn ar an doininn he doesn't bother what anyone else thinks: níl beinn aige ar bharamhail aon duine eile
boy n.: (pre-teen) gasúr; (teenage) stócach;
(any age) buachaillbread n.: oaten bread: arán coirce; wheaten bread: arán cruithneachta; wheat flour and Indian meal (maize) bread: arán buidhe; home-made flour bread (?=soda bread): arán plúir; white shop bread: arán geal
break v.: to break someone's grip: greim duine a scathadh
break apart v.: when the vessels (which had collided) were broken apart: nuair a scaitheadh na soithigh ó n-a chéile
break down v.: the car broke down: chuaidh an carr ó ghléas
break free v.: his leg was trapped and he could not break free: bhí a chos gaibhte agus ní thiocfadh leis é fein a scathadh she broke free from his embrace: scaith sí í féin as an tsnaidhm
break in v.: broken in (=tamed, of a wild animnal): clóidhte
break out v.: to break the sleigh out of the ice: an sléigh a scathadh as an oighreogaigh
bristle v.: he was bristling with aggression: bhí an dubh-chuil air
brunt n.: they would have to bear the brunt of the work: is ortha a thiocfadh an ceann trom de'n obair
bucket n.: bucóid (f2)
bump into v.: they bumped into each other in the dark: greadadh in éadan a chéile sa dorchadas iad
bunch n.: (of keys etc.) clibín
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bush n.: tor (also: a rock, a tower)(pl. tuir), tom
business n.: gnaithe
busy adj.: gnaitheach
C
cabbage n.: cabáiste (Donegal); cál (East Ulster)
call v.: he called over the secretary: ghoir sé chuige ar an rúnaidhe
capable adj.: he is a capable enough person: tá deánamh gnoithe ann
care v.: do you care about me?: an bhfuil beinn agat orm? I don't care about it: is beag mo bheinn air he doesn't care what anyone else thinks: níl beinn aige ar bharamhail aon duine eile to care about your spiritual welfare: beinn a bheith ar d'anam agat
careful adj.: careful with money, thrifty: tábhachtach
cast v.: the horse cast a shoe: scaith an beathach crúdh
cave n.: umhach (f2), pl. umhachaí
celebrate v.: ollgháirdeachas a dheánamh
cell n.: (in prison) plochóg (f2); aracul (m1), pl. aracuil
centre n.: croidhe; town (city) centre: croidhe a' bhaile (mhóir)
chair n.: cathair (pron: caithir)
chance n.: opportunity: áimear, pl. áimearacha; faill;
to get, take the opportunity: an t-áimear a fhagháil, a ghlacadh to await one's chance: fanacht leis an áimear to pass up/miss one's chance: an t-áimear a leigean thart the first chance I get: an chéad áimear a gheobhas mé every chance you get: achan áimear 'á bhfuighidh tú
chatter v.: your teeth chattering with cold: do chár á ghreadadh ar a chéile leis an fhuacht
cheese n.: caisí
child n.: páiste, leanbh, tachrán (infant) naoidheanán
(male child) gasúr (female child) giorsach (children of a person): clann (collective); my children: mo chlann
chink n.: (e.g. in side of basket, for gripping) camóg
churn v.: churning away: ag greadadh na cuinneoige
claim v.: maoidh
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clan n.: tribe: fine, pl. finidheacha [Me Guidhir Fhearmanagh]; cineadh, pl. cinidheacha
clap v.: as quick as you could clap your hands together: fhad is bheitheá ag greadadh do dhá bhos ar a chéile
clapping n.: greadadh bos
clash v.: their fangs were clashing: bhí a dhá gcár ag greadadh ar a chéile
clean v.: (by shaking in water) sruthluigh the rooms (eg. of a hotel) have to be cleaned daily: tá na seomraí le deisiú achan lá
clear adv.: he lifted his feet a few inches clear of the ground: thóg sé a chosa cupla órdlach os cionn an urláir it got/worked clear (of an obstruction): scaitheadh é
clear off v.: clear off to bed: gread leat a luighe
clear up v.: clearing up the house after the meal: ag feistiughadh an toighe i ndiaidh an itheacháin
click n.: (of fingers) blasc
cliff n.: binn (f2) (pl. beanna)
close adv.: close to the place: de dheas don áit so close to death: comh deas sin don bhás close to the truth: de dheas don fhírinne I came close to becoming a sailor: chuaidh mé de dheas do bheith 'mo sheoltóir s.a. almost, nearly
cluster n.: (of grapes, people, houses, etc.) clibín
clutch n.: a clutch of eggs: éilín
a clutch of young birds: ál
coated adj.: it was coated with dust: bhí cairt air le deannach [Faoi Chrann Smola]
cockle n.: srubhán (Cloch Cheannfhaolaidh); sruán bán (Ros Guill); cf Alba strùban
come v.: come: tar see irregular verb paradigms at end if it comes to that: má théid sé ins na stácaí come upstairs (both speaker and listener at bottom of stairs): rachaimid suas an staighre come upstairs (speaker up, listener down) tar aníos an staighre
comet n.: réaltóg a' rubaill [Jane Nic Daeid, Learg na Larcán]
common adj: see also plain, poor, inferior, humble
composition n.: prose composition: cumadh cainnte
concern n.: (friendly interest) beinn an bhfuil beinn agat orm? do you concern yourself about me?
connect v.: things (facts) which had been hitherto unconnected/disconnected:
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rudaí a bhí scaithte ó n-a chéile go dtí seo
contemporary adj.: comhthráthamhail
control v.: (handle, manage, organize) easy to control: furas a láimhdeachas
cook v.: to cook food, a meal: biadh, béile, tráth bídh a ghiollacht
corner n.: in a tight corner: i ngéibheann a projecting edge or corner: curr
cousin n.: comh-ua; they are first cousins: clann an dearthár agus an deirfiúr (etc.) iad; they are second cousins: tá siad an dá ua; they are third cousins: tá siad an dá fhionn-ua; they are fourth cousins: tá siad an dá dhubh-ua; they are first cousins once removed: tá siad clann agus ua; they are second cousins once removed: tá siad ua agus fionn-ua
cower v.: he cowered: chnap na guailneacha aige they were cowering around the king: bhí siad ag creafadaigh i dtimcheall an rí
crease n.: he had a sharp crease in his trousers: bhí curr ar a bhríste comh géar le bé
l sginecredit n.: the entire credit is due to him alone: chan dá athrach is cóir a bheith buidheach
crest n.: (as opposed to trough) iomaire
cricket n.: (insect) crucart (m1), urchuil (f2)
crow n.: (hooded crow, scald-crow) feannóg (f2), feannóg charrach (Mac Meanman)
crust n.: (a deposited covering) cairt
cry v.: he would cry at the slightest reason: bhí an deor de dheas don tsúil aige
cup n.: cupa
cut v.: to cut one's hair, beard: do ghruag, fhéasóg a bhearradh
cut off v.: he would not have let go unless his fingers were cut off: ní leigfeadh se amach a ghreim go scaithtidhe na méara de cut off from the world: scaithte amach ón tsaoghal
cut out v.: to cut out the bull from the herd: an tarbh a scathadh ón tréad
D
danger n.: contabhairt
dash v.: masses of foam dashing to and fro: cnapannaí cubhair ag greadadh anonn agus anall
daughter n.: nighean (f2)
day n.: lá, pl. laethe
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deliberately adv.: that he would deliberately set out with the intention of: go gcuirfeadh sé fá n-a choinne fhéin
den n.: brocach, broclais
depend v.: if my life was depending on it: dá mbéadh mo bhás de gheall leis depending on how much of a hurry he is in: do réir mar tá deifir air depending on how I may feel: do réir mar bhuailfeas an talann mé, mar thogóras mé, mar thiocfas sé de mhian orm
deposit n.: (sediment) the first drop of poteen will clean the deposits from the worm: glanfaidh an chéad bhraon den phoitín a' chairt den worm
descendent n.: iar-ua
desert v.: (deserted, of person; left alone) scaithte
desolate adj.: (of person or place, remote) scaithte
detach v.: scaith a detached stone: cloch scaithte
difference n.: duifear
dip v.: (to dip sth. and shake it around e.g. in a stream) sruthluigh he cut open the fish, gutted them, dipped them in the sea, and set themroasting on the ashes: sgoilt sé na garbhánaigh, bhain an meanach astu, shrothluigh san fhairrge iad, agus chuir dá rósadh ar an ghríosaigh iad the man who dipped Willy Dubh in the cess-pool: an fear a shruthluigh Willy Dubh san aoileach
direct v.: to direct people (guide them, see to their welfare): daoine a ghiolla
cht
dirt n.: griollam; he has the bucket filled with every kind of dirt: tá achan ghriollam níos cáidhighe 'ná a chéile sa bhucóid aige
discover v.: (by chance) tar ar (by design) faigh amach, tabhair fá dear
discovery n.: (thing discovered) [rud] a dtángthas air, a fuarthas amach, a tugadh fá dear, a bhfuarthas fios (abstract) / lorg (concrete) air (act of discovering) teacht ar, fagháil amach, tabhairt fá dear
discuss v.: (the panegyric) was being discussed, under discussion: bhí (an feartlaoi) dhá cárdáil
disengage v.: to disengage one's arm (from someone's grip): do sciathán a scathadh
disguise v.: (a disguised doorway) doras ceilte, foluighthe
dislike n.: it would give you a dislike for poetry: chuirfeadh sé fuath na filidheachta fút
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dislocate v.: to dislocate his arm: a sciathán a scathadh as a ghualainn
dislodge v.: a stone became dislodged: scaitheadh cloch
dispense v.: dispense a prescription: oideas a ullmhú prescriptions dispensed: ullmhuighthear oidis; NOT oidis ullmhuighthe!
distress n.: géibheann
divide up v.: rann (vn. rann)
doctor n.: doctúir (m3), gs. doctúra, pl. doctúirí
dog n.: madadh (m1) gs. madaidh, pl. madaidhthe; cú
dogfish n.: madadh scadán
donkey n.: asal (f2)
drag v.: dragging his feet as if he could not lift them off the ground: a' tarraingt na gcos mar nach mbéadh sé ábalta iad a scathadh ó'n talamh
draught n.: (a drink) he drank an ample draught from it: d'ól sé tarraingt a chinn as
draw v.: (pull) tarraing; (sketch) tarraing; ... she drew back her head (on being noticed): chrup sí a ceann [Almayer's Folly]
dribbling n.: (from mouth) pislíneacht
drive v.: he drove the horse through the water: ghread sé an capall trasna fríd an uisce
drive out v.: they were driven out of the town: greadadh amach as an bhaile iad
drop v.: to drop one's pursuers/competitors: an tóir/an chuid eile a scathadh
E
earth n.: (animal's den) brocach, broclais (clay) úr, créafóg
earthworm n.: cuiteog
economical adj.: an economical housekeeper: bean toighe thábhachtach chríonna
edge n.: a projecting edge or corner: curr ar churr an dreisiúir, na cathaoire, na beinne: on the edge of the dresser, chair, cliff bhí an bonn ag imtheacht ar a churr: the coin was rolling on its edge
edit v.: (in computing) deisigh
elation n.: ollgháirdeachas
embarrassment n.: aithmhealtas
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emphasis n.: teann (?)
encouragement n.: uchtach (f2)
enemy n.: námha/námhaid (f) gs. na námhad or an námhad; ds. námhaid; npl. naimhde; gpl.ad or náimhde; dpl. náimhde or náimhdibh)
England: Sasain (gs. Sasana); sometimes pronounced Seasain
enough adv.: go leor (exx. dona go leor, go leor fearthainne)
establish v.: its fame has been firmly established: tá a cliú curtha ar thalamh slán
ever adv.: (in the past) ariamh; (in the future) a choidhche
exact adj.: that's what it's worth, to the exact penny: sin an méid is fiú é, go fiú napighinne
exaggeration n.: aidhbhéil
examine v.: while the doctor was examining him: fhad is bhí an doctúir ghá láimhdeachas he examined the medal lovingly: rinne sé an bonn a láimhdeachas go gradamach
exchange blows v.: exchanging blows in the middle of the fair: ag greadadh a chéile i lár an aonaigh
expect v.: you don't expect sunshine without shadow: chan dual grian gan scáile (North Antrim)
expose v.: (uncover) fág ris
exposed adj.: (uncovered) ris
F
face n.: aghaidh; (of a hill, of a cube etc.) éadan (facial appearance) gnúis he was making faces with the pain: bhí cár air ar mhéad na greadfaighe
factory n.: monarchain
fail v.: (she failed) ní dheachaidh léithe; (she failed in it) d'fheall sé uirthi; sháirigh sé uirthi I failed the exam: d'fheall an scrúdú orm
fall v.: tuit
the leaves had fallen: bhí na duilleogaí scaithte
fall apart v.: the coffin fell apart: scaith an chónair
fame n.: cliú
family n.: (immediate) teaghlach; (extended family, relatives) muinntir, bunadh; (children only) clann
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famous adj.: cliúiteach
far: I'd rather by far: b'fhearr liom go mór you're far astray (wrong, mistaken): tá tú go mór ar an tseachrán laughter and sadness were never far apart with him: bhí an brón de dheas don gháire aige
faultiness n.: its equal for faultiness: a mhacasamhail le h-olcas
favour n.: (to do someone a favour) sochar a dheánamh do dhuine
fear n.: eagla (respectful fear) beinn he has no fear of hard work: chan fhuil beinn aige ar obair chruaidh he has no fear of God: chan fhuil beinn aige ar Dhia no fear! (as on car sticker): beag 'e bheinn!
feathers (coll.), plumage: cluimhreach (fem), gs. cluimhrighe
fiction n.: cumraidheacht
fiddler n.: (violin player) fidileoir
field n.: páirc: pasture field; páirc na peile, the football field; páirc an aonaigh,
the fair-ground; páirc an áir, the battlefield cuibhreann: individual enclosed field, bearing crops? gort: rare outside of place-names, eg. Gort an Choirce, Gort Lios Saighead; has been used to translate "clearing", "plantation", "paddy-field";"fíon-ghort", vineyard; "ubhall-ghort", orchard found in Mac Meanman "i ngort nó ar chnoc" (contrasted), "i ngort agus i ngarraí" (reduplication?) "tá an coimhthigheach in do ghort", "caoirigh le cur i ngort", "tá do ghort romhartha", "go bhfásaidh eorna in do ghort" "dún agus gort", "lios agus gort": deir Niall Ó Domhnaill gurab ionann "gort" agus "garraí arbhair a rabh claí cloch air" (Glúnta Rosannacha lch 13)
seems to mean the whole of the cultivated land belonging to a fort or farm, probably enclosed, as opposed to "cnoc"
fight n.: they saw the running fight: chonnaic siad na sgaiteacha a fight developed: thoisigh an greadadh
file n.: (for wearing away metal etc.) oighe chumalta
finger v.: (handle idly) don't finger the goods: ná deántar na hearraí a láimhdeachas
fire n.: teinidh (f5), gs. teineadh, pl. teinte
fire v.: to fire a gun at them: gunna a ghreadadh orthu
fit to adj.: capable of the cheer was fit to knock the two sides of the glen together: ba dual de'n gháir sin dhá thaoibh an ghleanna a ghreadadh ar a chéile
fix v.: to fix (mend, repair) something: deis a chur ar rud to fix up (tidy up) something: deis a chur ar rud to fix (arrange, tidy) the carpet: an brat urláir a dheisiú to fix one's hair: deis a chur ar do chuid gruaige
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I will fix you! (threat): cuirfidh mise deis ort!
flail v.: he started failing out madly: thoisigh sé a ghreadadh gan stuaim gan réasún
flake n.: (snowflake) bratóg sneachta
flapping: ag creafadaigh
flash v.: (blink) caoch
flat adj.: (a thin flat object, as a stone, or a rolled metal sheet) leac, pl leacacha, gpl leacach [An Grádh agus an Ghruaim 60]
flea n.: dearnaid
flexible adj.: (supple) umhal
flood n.: tuilidh
flourish n.: every letter had so many flourishes: bhí oiread casaidheacha i ngachaon leitir aca
flower n.: (referring to whole plant, e.g. wild flower) lus (the flowering part) bláth
fluttering: (of a flag) ag creafadaigh
fly v.: the sound of a flock of swans flying by: an trup a bhéadh ag scaoith ealaagus iad ar eiteógaigh
foot n.: I managed to get to my feet: fuair mé na cosa liom
for prep.: ar: (he sold it for a pound) dhíol sé ar phunnta é (for your own good) ar mhaithe leat féin ar shon: (for [the sake, benefit, relief of] the cause) ar shon na cúise (for fun) ar shon grinn
([in exchange or compensation] for) ar shon (for [in support of]) ar shon: labhair sé ar mo shon (on my behalf) ag/do: (he was fullback for Donegal) bhí sé mar lán-chúlaí ag Tír Chonaill/dChonaill fá choinne: (I went to the shop for milk) chuaidh mé 'un a' tsiopa fá choinne bainne le: (for a year [past]) le bliadhain go cionn: (for a year [to come]) go cionn bhliadhna
forfeit n.: (financial penalty for non-completion) cáin loctha
form n.: a figure made in the form of a giant: dealbh a bhí déanta i gcló fathaigh
the thing which imposed form on the size: an rud a thug deis agus cuimireacht don toirt to give my narrative a good form: deis a chur ar mo sheanchas
fox n.: sionnach (m1), madadh ruadh (m1)
free adj.: it got/worked free (of an obstruction): scaitheadh é
free v.: (when the tide rose) the (grounded) boat freed itself: scaith an bád í féin
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fright n.: to make someone jump with fright: stangadh a bhaint as duine
frown, n.: he had a frown on his face: bhí ruic ar a éadan (with irritation) mí-stá (a dheánamh ar dhuine); gnoig (f) (with worry) gruaim-amharc; trom-ghnúis
frown v.: (in puzzlement) do mhailidheacha a chrupadh
frugal adj.: a frugal housekeeper: bean toighe thábhachtach chríonna
furniture n.: trioc
G
garden n.: garraí, pl. garrantacha
gardener n.: garrantóir (m3)
gather up v.: (coil up, as of a length of rope) córn
get v.: get away (escape) from sth: rud a scaitheadh
girl n.: (pre-teen) giorsach (f2), pl. giorsachaí;
(any age) cailín (m4)give up v.: (stop using, e.g. cigarettes) stad de
glove n.: miotóg (f2) pl.: miotógaí
go v.: go: téidh see irregular verb paradigms at end go on about sth: canstan leat ar rud let go of sth: rud a leigin amach gone (swept away etc, of something which had been fixed): scaithte
grand adj.: the least grand among them: an ceann a ba táire acu
grandchild n.: ua
grandfather n.: athair mór
grandmother n.: máthair mhór; (familiar) móraidhe
gratitude n.: (sense of indebtedness) seanadh there's (his) gratitude for you! (ironical): nárbh olc an seanadh abhí ann!
gravel n.: scaineagán; gairbhéal
gravestone n.: (horizontal) leac;
(vertical) tumba
great-grandchild n.: fionn-ua
great-grandfather n.: gar-athair
great-great-grandchild n.: dubh-ua
great-great-grandfather n.: dubh-athair
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greatly adv.: I'd greatly prefer it: b'fhearr liom go mór é I enjoyed it greatly: thaitin sé go mór liom it annoyed me greatly: ghoill sé go mór orm
group n.: small group of people, e.g. standing around or walking together: cuifeallán
growl n.: (of dog) gnúsachtach
grown-up adj.: he is grown-up: tá sé i mbun a mhéid
guess n.: my guess proved correct: char mheath mo bharamhail orm
guide v.: to guide people (see to their welfare): daoine a ghiollacht
gunwale n.: (of currach) garmain; with only his head visible above the gunwale of the currach: gan ann acht go rabh a chloigeann a ris os cionn gharmain a' churaigh; béalbhach
H
hammer v.: the rain hammering against the windows: an fhearthainn ag greadadh in éadan na bhfuinneog
hammering n.: (on a door) greadadh
handle vn.: láimhdeachas (used abstractly) to handle the matter: na gnoithe a láimhdeachas (to manoeuvre, eg. an awkward or fragile object) careful handling: láimhdeachas faithchilleach (to handle/control an animal) to handle a horse: capall a láimhdeachas (to manoeuvre/control/manage/organize, eg. an army unit, a crowd)
easily handled: furas a láimhdeachas (to use/manipulate/work/operate, eg. a tool, a weapon, a literary form) he knows how to handle a gun: tuigeann sé an dóigh le gunna a láimhdeachas (to finger, eg. books, cloth, displayed goods) please don't handle the goods: ná deántear na hearraí a láimhdeachas (to treat roughly) they submitted without complaint to the rough handling: ghlac siad go humhal leis an láimhdeachas
happen v.: tarluigh
hard adj.: (to touch) cruaidh
(difficult) doiligh
hardy adj.: (hardy, tough) righin cats are hardy: tá an cat righin (Learg na Larcán)
harness n.: (for a horse) ugham
heap n.: moll a heap of clay (e.g. beside a hole dug in the ground): mullóg créafóige area raised in comparison to surroundings (as of filled grave): mullóg
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a "heap" of a mountain: mullóg shléibhe
hedge n.: claidhe tom; whitethorn hedge: claidhe sceach; furze hedge: claidhe aitinnighe
heed n.: beinn
heedless adj.: they were heedless of the sticks they were being beaten with: ní rabh beinn acu ar na smaichtíní a rabhthar á ngreadadh leo
help n.: cuidiú (cf Alba: cuideachadh)
help v.: cuidigh (cf Alba: cuidich)
high adj.: (of elevation) árd; (of sound) high-pitched: géar; high-volume, loud: árd
hill n.: (a small mountain) cnoc; behind the hills: ar chúl na gcnoc (an elevated site) árd; he built a house on the hill: rinne sé teach ar an árd (an incline on a road, a brae) malaidh, gs. na maladhcha, pl. malaidheacha wait at the top of the hill: fan ag bárr na maladhcha
hint n.: lideadh
hip n.: scoróg
hit against v.: (of a person hanged) his heels were hitting against the door: bhí a dhá sháil ag greadadh an dorais to hit one's head against a wall: do chloigeann a ghreadadh in éadan an bhalla
hogshead n.: usaid (f), gs. usaide, pl. usaideacha, gpl. usaideach
honest adj.: ionnraice
hop n.: túslóg; pl. túslógaí
hopping: ag túslógacht
house n.: teach (m2), gs. toighe, ds. toigh, pl. toighthe, gpl. toighthe/toightheach
how? interrog.: caidé mar?
huddled adj.: (sitting or lying huddled) crupuighthe
humble adj.: (unpretentious, of an object) the humblest of them: an ceann is táire
aca
humility n.: díombród [Dá mbíodh Ruball ar an Éan]
hurry n.: deifre
I
ice n.: oighreogach (pron. eireogach) (f2)
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the ice was broken (figuratively): bhí briste ar an oighreogaigh iceberg: cnap oighreogaighe [Castar na Daoine] cf. éireog, ice (Co Derry, CS 17/08/1901 358)
Iceland pn.: Inis Tuile
imply v.: what was he implying? caidé bhí faoi sin aige?
important adj.: mór; I deem it important: is mór liom é; an important person, an important question, important news: duine mór, ceist mhór, scéal mór an important (ie. useful) person/thing: duine/rud tairbheach/úsáideach a person/thing of importance (ie. value or status): duine/rud mór-luachach/úimleáideach a person of importance (ie. status): duine céimeamhail an important (ie. necessary) thing: rud riachtanach important (ie. rich in consequences) news: scéal suimeamhail/trom-chúiseach
incorrigible adj.: thaire stiúradh
indifferent adj.: (unconcerned) to be indifferent to sth.: beag 'e bheinn a bheith agat ar rud
induce v.: (persuade) nothing could induce me to do it: ní thiocfadh le rud ar bith mé a chlódhadh lena dheánamh
industrious adj.: tábhachtach
infant n.: naoidheanán
infer v.: what I mean, what I am inferring: an rud atá mé a mhaoidheamh do you mean that, are you inferring that: an é an rud atá tú ag maoidheamh g
o
inferior adj.: an inferior race to his own: dream ba táire 'ná a dhream féin
infuriate v.: it infuriated me: chuir sin mé féin i mbarr mo chéille
insight n.: tuigse
insult n.: achmhusán (?)
interest n.: (curiosity) suim (finance) ?
interesting adj.: suimeamhail
inured to adj.: inured to heat/hardship: clóidhte leis an teas/chruaidhteán
isolated adj.: (of person or place) scaithte
item n.: ball de liosta
J
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jackdaw n.: cág (m)
jaw n.: my jaw dropped (with surprise): leath an béal orm
judgement n.: my judgement proved correct: char mheath mo bharamhail orm
jumble n.: cunamar
jump v.: to make someone jump with fright: stangadh a bhaint as duine
junction n.: (of rivers etc.) cumar; (a railway fork) gabhal; (a road junction) you will come to a junction on your left: tiocfaidh tú fhad le bealach ar thaobh na láimhe clí; (a motorway interchange) bealach síos/suas
junk n.: cunamar
jury n.: I was a member of the jury: bhí mé ar dhuine de lucht an ghoiste
just adj.: (exactly) just as happened before: dálta mar thárluigh roimhe just as on every other night: dálta gach oidhche eile just like me, just as in my case: mo dhálta féin
just as with the farmers, so with the fishermen: tá dálta na dtuathanach ar na hiascairí
K
keep apart v.: we kept well apart: choinnigh muid scaithte ó chéile
keep away from v.: if he had been kept away from bad company: dá scaithtidhe ar shiubhal ón droch-cuideachta é we kept away from the main road: d'fhan muid scaithte amach ón bhealach mhór
keep going v.: ghread sé leis: he kept on, kept going, continued, persevered
keep up v.: to keep up (maintain) one's children: deis a chur ar do chlann
kick out v.: (horse) it kicked out with its hind legs: ghread sé leis na cosa deiridh
kind n.: (variety) cineál, seórt
kind adj.: cineálta
kind adv.: (kind of + adj.) cineál, seórt
kitchen n.: cisteanach (f), gs cisteanaighe/cisteanadh, ds cisteanaigh, pl cisteanacha
knitting n.: cleiteáil [Na Rosa]; cniotáil [Gleann Fhinne, Gaoth Dobhair]
knock v.: knocking on the loft floor beneath me: ag greadadh ar an lafta fúm
knock together v.: the cheer was fit to knock the two sides of the glen together: ba dual de'n gháir sin dhá thaoibh an ghleanna a ghreadadh ar a
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chéile
knocking n.: (on a door) greadadh
know v.: what does he know?: caidé a fhios aige-san?
L
lack v.: it was not that he lacked a reason for it: chan díth nach rabh a adhbharaige not that he was lacking in stature: chan díth nach rabh méid chomhthrom ann
lair n.: brocach, broclais
land n.: Oisín in the land of youth: Oisín i dTír na hÓige
lane n.: cabhsa
language n.: teangaidh (f), gs. teangtha, pl. teangthacha; concise and forceful language: cainnt bheacht bhríoghmhar aithghiorrach
languish v.: it was languishing: bhí sí ar chúl éaga
lash v.: she gave him a tongue-lashing: ghread sí é lena teangaidh; being lashed with the whip: á ghreadadh leis an fhuip
last adj.: one last time, game: uair, cluiche amháin eile
law n.: dligheadh (m), gs dlighidh
lawn n.: léana (m), faithche (f)
lawyer n.: dlighteoir (m3)
lay v.: to lay the table (for a meal): deis (proinne) a chur ar an tábla
layer n.: thin layer (as of dust): cairt
lean v.: he leaned back in his chair: leig sé a dhruim siar le cúl na cathaoire
learning n.: léigheann (m1)
leave v.: to leave behind/leave trailing one's pursuers/competitors: an tóir/an chuid eile a scathadh to leave behind/sail past Rinn Chliabháin (a fixed landmark): Rinn Chliabháin a scathadh
leg n.: a three-legged stool: stól thrí gcos
let v.: a room to let: seomra le suidhe
let down v.: to let someone down: fealladh ar dhuine
let go v.: let go of something: rud a leigin amach let go of it!: leig amach é!
lift v.: dragging his feet as if he could not lift them off the ground: a' tarraingt na gcos mar nach mbéadh sé ábalta iad a scathadh ó'n talamh
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like v.: I liked going there: b'aite liom a ghoil annsin
like conj/prep.: just as (like) happened before: dálta mar thárluigh roimhe just like (as on) every other night: dálta gach oidhche eile just like me, just as in my case: mo dhálta féin just as with the farmers, so with the fishermen: tá dálta na dtuathanach ar na hiascairí
linoleum n.: línín leathair [Indé agus Indiu, 88]
litter n.: a litter of young animals: ál
lone adj.: (standing apart) scaithte a lone wolf: mac tíre scaithte
loner n.: fear scaithte
look v.: amharc, dearc look out! coimheád! faithchill! ainic! tabhair de d'aire! look out to your left: faithchill do chlé
look forward v.: (expecting sth, with positive feelings) [more work needed here]
looking forward to the holidays: ag feitheamh/fanacht (go cruaidh) leis an laethe saoire something to look forward to: rud le bheith ag feitheamh/fanacht leis she is wildly looking forward to seeing it: tá oiread lúthgháire uirthi ag smaointiú go bhfeicfidh sí é (awaiting sth with positive feelings, neutral re expectation) ag súil le *hoping for a miracle: ag súil le míorbhailt looking forward to a just solution: ag súil le réidhteach chóir (expecting sth, neutral re feelings) ag dúil le looking forward to being a master/servant: ag dúil le bheith 'domhaighistir/sheirbhiseach
looking forward to a pleasant/dull evening: ag dúil le tráthnóna deas/marbh soon I'd begin to look forward to the next time: roimh i bhfadthoisighinn a dhúil leis an dara cuairt (positive) anxiously looking forward to: ag dúil leis go himnidheach (negative) I look forward to them with dread: tá eagla orm beith ag tarraingt orthu *expecting a phone call: ag dúil le scairt gutháin (looking ahead, no specific event, neutral re feelings) ag amharc romhat, ag dearcadh chun tosaigh they are not satisfied with looking forward: ní leor leo a bheith ag amharc rompu
looking forward with dismay: ag amharc (romhat) go crith-eaglach (negative feelings) if I can't look forward I can look back: mur dtig liom amharc romham, thig liom amharc in mo dhiaidh
lose v.: the horse lost a shoe: scaith an beathach crúdh he lost a button off his coat: scaitheadh cnaipe dá chóta he lost his grip on the oar: scaith a ghreim ar an rámha to lose one's pursuers: an tóir a scathadh they got lost (through inability to keep up with others): scaitheadh ia
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measured adj.: as measured, regular as the ticking of a clock: comh tomhaiste le buillí cluig
mend v.: to mend something: deis a chur ar rud
mild adj.: mild weather: aimsir bhog
miller n.: muilteoir
mind v.: (look out) faithchill mind to your left: faithchill do chlé (resent) he doesn't mind bad weather: níl beinn aige ar an doininn why should he mind it?: cár mhiste leisean é?
mindful adj.: to be mindful of your spiritual welfare: beinn a bheith agat ar d'anam
minute n.: bomaite (m4)
missing adj.: he had a button missing from his coat: bhí cnaipe scaithte de n-a chóta
modesty n.: díombród [Dá mbíodh Ruball ar an Éan]
month f.: mí, gs. míosa, pl. míosaí or míosanna a couple of months: cupla mí for (during) a month: go cionn míosa, ar feadh míosa in a month's time, after a month: i gcionn míosa
mother n.: máthair (ban., gs. máthara, pl. máithreachaí)
mountains n.pl.: (range, ridge, watershed) droimshliabh Derryveagh Mountains: Droimshliabh Dhoire Bheithe cruacha (Na Cruacha Gorma, Cruacha Mhic Giolla Choda) beanna (Na Beanna Boirche, Na Beanna Beola)
movement n.: I was incapable of making the slightest movement: ní thiocfadh liom cor ná bogadh a chur díom
mower n.: bearradóir; lawn mower: bearradóir léana, bearradóir faithche
much adv.: did he hurt you much? ar ghortuigh sé go mór thú I'd much prefer: b'fhearr liom go mór
N
near adv.: near the time: de dheas don am
nearly adv.: nearly a year: de dheas do bhliadhain nearly a mile: de dheas do mhíle nearly asleep: de dheas do bheith ina chodladh dead or nearly so: marbh nó de dheas dó s.a. almost, close
need v.: (with negative) you need not: cha leigeann tú leas; níl fiachadh ort
neighbour n.: comharsanach (m1), pl. comharsanaigh
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nephew n.: garmhac (Faoi Chrann Smola 48, 80; Eachtraí Sherlock Holmes 436)
nest n.: nead (f2), gs. n(e)ide, ds. n(e)id, pl. neadracha
never adv.: neg. with: (in the past) ariamh; (in the future) a choidhche
nip n.: a nip in the morning air: greadfach dheileoir ins an mhaidin
nothing: that's nothing! (that's of no account!): níl dadaidh annsin!
notice v.: tabhair fá dear
nudge n.: to give someone a nudge: bruideadh a thabhairt do dhuine
O
obstinate adj.: dáigh
offer v.: tairg, vn. tairgint, tairgean
on adv.: from that day on(wards): ón lá sin amach
open v.: foscail, vn. foscladhoperate v.: (handle, use, work) easy to operate: furas a láimhdeachas
opinion n.: baramhail
opportunity n.: faill (f2); the slightest opportunity: faill na feannóige áimear, pl. áimearacha to get, take the opportunity: an t-áimear a fhagháil, a ghlacadh to await one's chance: fanacht leis an áimear to pass up/miss one's chance: an t-áimear a leigean thart the first chance I get: an chéad áimear a gheobhas mé every chance you get: achan áimear 'á bhfuighidh tú
orange adj.: buidhe ("orange" is not a basic colour concept in Gaelic, and "oráiste" is not a colour term; objects of this hue would be classed as "buidhe" or "dearg"); green white and orange: glas, bán agus buidhe
orange n.: oráiste
Orangeman n.: Fear Buidhe
order n.: in the order in which they are here named: de réir mar tá a n-ainmneacha i ndiaidh a chéile annseo
organize v.: (handle, control, manage) easy to organize: furas a láimhseáil
out adv.: (of flowers etc) the gorse is out: tá an aitinneach fá bhláth
P
pack-horse n.: lód-chapall; capall lódaidheachta
page n.: duilleog
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(scrap of paper) liarlóg
pain n.: pain (f2), pl. péine; rheumatism: pian chnámh, pian na gcnámh making faces with the pain: cár air ar mhéad na greadfaighe
palpitating: ag creafadaigh
panic n.: scaol
panting n.: (as of dog after running): anál árd gáibhtheach
pass v.: (hand over) (cuir) chuig; (overtake)...; (excrete)...; they sailed past Rinn Chliabháin: scaith siad Rinn Chliabháin
patch n.: (of colour, on animal, rock etc.) scead (on cloth, to mend it) preabán, paiste
pattern n.: the Roman pattern: deis na Róimhe
penalty n.: (financial) cáin
penny n.: pighinn (f), gs. pighne, pl. pighneachapersuade v.: nothing could persuade me to do it: ní thiocfadh le rud ar bith mé a chlódhadh lena dheánamh
pick n.: there is not a pick (of flesh) on him: níl sgil na bhfiach air
picture n.: pioctúir (m3); gs. pioctúra, pl. pioctúirí, gpl. pioctúirí/pioctúireach
plain adj.: (plain speaking) cainnt dhíreach (simple, unpretentious) something plainer would do: dheánfadh rud a ba táire gnoithe
platform n.: leibheann
pleasant adv.: aite I liked going there: b'aite liom a ghoil annsin
pleasure n.: fun, relaxation: aiteas (m1)
plough n.: seisreach
poor adj.: (plain, simple, humble, unpretentious) I have not seen a poorer example: ní fhaca mé sampla a ba táire ná sin
position n.: we were not in a position to do that: ní rabh deis orainn sin a dheánam
h
potato n.: preáta (Donegal), préata (East Ulster) [CHECK!]
prepare v.: preparing the giant to speak: ag cur an fhathaigh i ngléas cainnte to prepare the table (for a meal): deis (proinne) a chur ar an tábla
press v.: he pressed a small white button with his thumb: leag sé a ordóg ar chnaipe bheag gheal
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range n.: (mountain range) droimshliabh firing at close range: scaoileadh de dheas duit
Rannafast: Rann na Fearsaide (and so pronounced)
rattling: ag creafadaigh
raven n.: fiach dubh, bran dubh
ready adj.: he made/got the plough ready for use: dheisigh sé an tseisreach
record n.: that is a record that will never be beaten: thug sin bárr ar a dtáinig agus a dtiocfaidh
recoup v.: to recoup one's losses: do bris a thabhairt isteach
refer to v.: maoidh
refuse v.: loc (eg. of a horse at a jump) he didn't refuse the fight: níor loc sé an troid
regarding: regarding your letter: i dtaca le do litir de
regrets n.: they had no regrets about having left: bhí siad sásta dá n-imirce, buidhea
ch dá n-imirceregular adj.: as measured, regular as the ticking of a clock: comh tomhaiste lebuillí cluig
rehearsal n.: réamh-aithris
relaxation n.: fun, pleasure: aiteas (m1)
release v.: he will be released (from detention): leigfear a cheann leis
remote adj.: (of person or place) scaithte
remove v.: how did you manage to remove the letters from it: Caidé mar chuaidh agat na leitreacha a bhaint as?
renege v.: locadh i rud; gabháil ar do chúl i rud
renown n.: cliú
rent v.: he has a room available to rent: tá seomra le suidhe aige
repair v.: to repair something: deis a chur ar rud
replace v.: the dealer replaced it (by a new one): thug an díoltóir ceann úr ina áit he replaced the glass on the table: chuir sé an gloine arais ar an tábla
resolve v.: (I resolve to do sth.) cuirim romham
resources n.: acfuinní; resource centre - ionad acfuinní
respecter n.: the sea is no respecter of curses: níl beinn ag an fhairrge ar eascainí
reticence n.: (to behave retincently among strangers) coimightheas a dheánamh
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retract v.: (gather in, as of one's limbs) crup
revolver n.: roth-phiostal; piostal; gunna beag; gunna póca
rheumatism n.: pian chnámh, pian na gcnámh
rid adv.: to get rid of someone (following you): duine a scathadh
rim n.: (of bucket) béalbhach; I took hold of the rim of the (squashed) bucket and pulled it open: fuair mé greim béalbhaigh thall is i bhfos ar an bhucóid agus rinne méfairsingeach aistí
ring ouzel (a bird) n.: fraochán
rinse v.: to rinse a cloth: éadach a shruthlú to rinse a cup: cupa a shruthlú
river n.: abhainn (f3), gs. abhna
roll up v.: (sleeves or trouser-legs) cornuigh
roller n.: (machinery) roithleán
roof n.: it had a glass roof: bhí ceann gloine air
rook n.: préachán (m1), préachán dubh
room n.: (compartment of building) seomra; (space) áit, farsaingeach, spás
rope n.: the sprit-rope of the forward sail: igín a' tseoil tosaigh
rubbish n.: (broken and useless bits and pieces) cunamar
rug n.: (travelling rug, blanket) cideog
running fight n.: they saw the running fight: chonnaic siad na sgaiteacha
S
sail n.: the sprit-rope of the forward sail: igín a' tseoil tosaigh hind sails were lowered: leagadh seoltaí deiridh sprits were taken out of fore-sails (to lower them): baineadh pící as seoltaí tosaigh
say v.: he says what he means: tá an focal de dheas don chroidhe aige
scarce: to make smth scarce (by taking up one's share of it): cumhangail
scatter v.: the men scattered: d'imthigh an scaithteach ar na fir
a scattered or strung-out pursuit got under way: shín na scaithteacha scattered bands (of people): buidhne scaithte a scattered remnant of his tribe: scíontachán scaithte a threibhe
school n.: (building) teach scoile; (abstract institution) scoil
scone n.: bonnóg; pl. bonnógaí
scrap n.: (of paper) liarlóg
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scratch v.: (of an animal scratching the ground) ag creafadaigh lena chosa
scum n.: deposit on surface of liquid: cairt
seagull n.: faoileann f2; pl. faoileanna faoileog f2; pl. faoileogaí
seat v.: he seated himself on the front of the box: shuidh sé faoi ar thoiseach an bhocsa
seize v.: to seize one's opportunity: an áimear a ghiacadh
sensitivity n.: (easiness to offend) goilleamhnacht; (perceptiveness of needs of others) tuigse
separate v.: when the vessels (which had collided) were separated: nuair a scaitheadh na soithigh ó n-a chéile to separate Ireland from England: Éirinn a scathadh ó Shasain a branch of the family which had separated: tréibh den tsliocht a scaith ar shiubhal to separate the words (by speaking slowly): na focla a scathadh ó n-a chéile to separate the two boys (fighting): an dá ghasúr a scathadh as greamannaí a chéile
serve v.: (provide so. with sth.) rud a riar do dhuine
set v.: to set the table (for a meal): deis (proinne) a chur ar an tábla
shake v.: (rinse, shake something in water to clean it) sruthluigh to shake someone off (e.g. a pursuer, a competitor, someone clinging on to you): duine a scathadh
shaking adj.: the floor was shaking: bhí an t-urlár ag creafadaigh
shape n.: (esp. of person) cruthaidheacht, feagraidheacht the thing which imposed shape on the size: an rud a thug deis agus cuimireacht don toirt
share out v.: rann
sharpen v.: sharpening stone: cloch líomhtha
shawl n.: cideog, seál
shed v.: the horse shed a shoe: scaith an beathach crúdh wind will make ripe corn shed its grain: an coirce atá apuighthe, má thig gaoth air scaithfidh sé
sheep n.: caora, pl. caoirigh
shilling n.: scilling, pl. scillingeacha
shingle n.: (gravel) scaineagán
shock n.: my heart stopped (with the shock): d'fhág an croidhe a áit agam (leis anscannradh a fuair mé)
short adj.: (e.g. of cloth) giortach; short measure: tomhas giortach gearr, goirid
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show v.: teisint show it to me: leig domh a fheiceáil; teisin damh é
shower n.: (of rain) cioth
shrink v.: crup
shrunken adj.: (of person, e.g. with age; or of cloth) crupaighthe
shy adj.: don't be shy (among strangers): ná deán coimhighteas
sight n.: he was short-sighted: bhí radharc/amharc de dheas dó aige
silence n.: ciunas
simple adj.: (plain, unpretentious) something simpler would do: dheánfadh rud a ba táire gnoithe
sing v.: to sing a song: amhrán a cheol, amhrán a rádh
sketchy adj.: (incomplete, vague) scabthach
skin n.: (deposit on surface of liquid) cairt
slam v.: slamming the furnace doors: ag greadadh dhorsa na sornslap v.: he was slapped on the hands: greadadh a dhá bhos
slip v.: his grip slipped: scaith a ghreim
slosh v.: the noise of dishes and water being sloshed around: tormán soitheach agus uisge dá sruthlughadh
slow adj.: (slow on one's feet) spadánta
smarting n.: greadfach
smash v.: being smashed against rocks: ghá ghreadadh in éadan carraigeach
smattering n.: a smattering of English: cunamar beag Béarla
smoke n.: toit f2
snap n.: (of fingers) blasc
snatch v.: to snatch something from someone's grasp: rud a scathadh as greim duine
sneeze n.: srólfach [Séamus Mhac G], sróthfach [Seosamh Mhac G], sraothfach [Seaghán Mhac M], srófartach [Seaghán Mhac M]
snipe n.: mionnán aeir [Jane Nic Daeid, Learg na Larcán]
soak v.: (soak up, absorb) ól; it had soaked up the sea-water: bhí an sáile ólta aige
sod n.: (of earth) fód, pl. fóide
soft adj.: (of texture) bog; (of sound) íseal
solitary adj.: (standing apart) scaithte
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song n.: amhrán (pron. abhrán); songs (collective): ceoltaí
sort (=kind) n.: seort (m)
sort out v.: to get something sorted out (ie. arranged satisfactorily): deis a chur ar rud they had everything sorted out (to their satisfaction): bhí deis ar dóigh orthu
soul n.: anam (m3), pl. anamnacha (Donegal, Mayo), anamacha (Kerry, Caighdeán)
soup n.: sugh (anraith not used in Ulster). Sugh means a liquid extract, hot or cold; besides soup, it also covers juice, jam, gravy. Adjectival qualification distinguishes: sugh ubhaill, sugh milis, etc. Subh is a berry (strawb, raspb).
speak v.: speak the truth: an fhírinne a chanadh
speechless adj.: he was rendered speechless: thréig an chainnt é
splash n.: sceaird, sceairdeog
splashing n.: sluparnach
sport, n.: spórs
spot n.: in (quite) a spot of bother: i ngéibheann (chruaidh, trom)
spread v.: leath
spring n.: (spring of water) fuarán (jump) léim (elastic spring) ...
squash v.: I fell over the bucket and squashed the sides of it together: thuit méar a' bhucóid agus bhrúigh mé a dhá taoibh ar a chéile
stage n.: (elevated area) leibheann
stand v.: stand back!: seas amach!
star, shooting n.: réalt reatha [Jane Nic Daeid, Learg na Larcán]
start n.: (I gave a start, involuntarily) chlis mé suas; baineadh cliseadh asam (I gave a start, deliberately) thug mé urróg
start v.: (he started forward in his chair) thug sé urróg aniar sa chathaoir
sticker n.: greamán
sting v.: the whipcord was stinging him: bhí an sreangán ag baint greadfach as; the snow stung his tongue: bhain an sneachta gread as a theangaidh
stomp v.: he stomped out of the room: ghread sé leis amach as an tseomra
stone n.: sharpening stone: cloch líomhtha; megalith, stone memorial, cairn: leacht(a), m. gs. leachta, pl. leachtaí gravestone (horizontal): leac
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gravestone (vertical): tumba
stop v.: what's to stop me doing it?: caidé bhéadh orm gan a dheánamh?
strange adj.: strange to relate: gidh gur shaoitheamhail leat é (le rádh)
stream n.: small mountain stream, ravine in which stream flows: allt
strength n.: urradh m1
strike v.: the hand-grenade struck the side of the lorry: greadadh an granád láimhe in éadan thaobh an loiridh; striking out wildly: ag greadadh gan stuaim gan réasún striking with his pickaxe at the coal-face: ag greadadh lena phiocóid ar bhalla an ghuail
strong adj.: the men of our village were too strong (numerous) for them: bhí cuid fear a' bhaile s'againne tiugh aca
style n.: the Roman style: deis na Róimhe
succeed v.: I succeeded in shaking them (the pursuers) off: chuaidh agam a scathadh; how did you succeeed in removing the letters from it:
Caidé mar chuaidh agat na leitreacha a bhaint as?
such adv.: so great was the weakness that affected him: ar mhéad 's bhí de lagar air
sugar n.: siúchra
suit v.: his name was not ill-suited to him: níor bh'olc a thainig a shloinneadh dó
summon v.: he summoned the secretary: ghoir sé chuige ar an rúnaidhe
supply v.: rud a riar do dhuine
suppress v.: I suppressed a smile as well as I could manage: choinnigh mé an aoibh de mo ghruaidh comh maith agus tháinig liom they suppressed the urge to laugh: rinne siad rún ar na gáirí
susceptible adv.: an ill person is more susceptible to vermin than a healthy person: bíonn duine breoidhte níos tugtha de áirnéis ná duine folláin
swaying (gently or violently): ag creafadaigh
swirl v.: he swirled the cup (containing water); shruthluigh sé an cupa
T
tag n.: (fastener) clib, sreangán
take v.: to take one's opportunity: an áimear a ghiacadh
talk v.: (she went on and on) chan sí léithe
tame adj.: a tame animal: beathach clóidhte tame adjectives: aidiachtaí táire
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tough adj.: (hardy) righin tá an cat righin: cats are tough, hardy (Learg na Larcán)
trailing: to leave someone trailing (in a race, chase): duine a scathadh
train v.: (induce to behave as desired) he could not train his hair to lie flat: ní thiocfadh leis a chuid gruaige a chlódhadh le fanacht ina luighe
traitor n.: fealltóir
treachery n.: feall f2 (gs feille)
trial n.: they were on trial: bhí siad ar a bhfiacháil
trim v.: to trim one's hair, beard: do ghruag, fhéasóg a bhearradh; to trim a hedge: claidhe tom a bhearradh
trimmer n.: bearradóir; hedge trimmer: bearradóir tuim
trouble n.: they looked as if they would have no bother with the examination: bhí cuma orthu nach mbéadh beinn ar bith acu ar an scrúdú [Nuair a Bhí Mé in deep trouble: i ngéibheann (chruaidh, trom)
trough n.: (opposed to crest) eitre while the boat was in a trough between two waves: fhad is bhí an bád 'naluighe i ngleann eadar dhá thuinn
trowel n.: liathán a mortar-board (sarcastic): liathán gan chois
truth n.: to stand the truth on its head: an fhírinne a chur amach glan as a riocht
try v.: fiach, vn. fiacháil: did you try (to do) it? ar fhiach tú leis? did you try it (out)? (e.g. a drink) ar fhiach tú é?
what he was trying to say: an rud a bhí sé a mhaoidheamh
turn v.: he turned a little wheel (control): bhain sé casadh as rotha beag baoideach
type v.: cló-scríobhadh; n. (variety): cineál, seórt
U
uncovered adj.: ris
under prep.: faoi
understanding n.: tuigbheáil; (insight) tuigse
uniform adj.: (the same throughout) coimhionann [Faoi Chrann Smola]
unpretentious (of an object) adj.: the most unpretentious of them: an ceann is táire aca
unravel v.: rois
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use v.: use the key (to open the door): fiach an eochair (leis an doras a fhoscladh) why was it being used: cad chuig a rabhthar de (handle) he knows how to use a gun: tuigeann sé an dóigh le gunna a láimhdeachas easy to use: furas a láimhdeachas
used to adj.: used to heat/hardship: clóidhte leis an teas/chruaidhteán
V
variety n.: (difference) éagsamhlacht; (kind) cineál, seórt
vermin n.: (fleas, lice, etc.) áirnéis; miala (pl. of mial)
version n.: they told their own version of events: chuir siad an deis a d'fhóir daobhtha féin ar ar thárluigh
vibrating: ag creafadaigh
virgin n.: maighdean (ban., gs. maighdeana)
vision n.: (imaginary experience) fís; (attractive sight) aisling; (ability to see) radharc
vowel, n.: guthaidhe
W
want v.: what do you want with me?: cad chuige a bhfuil tú domh?
warm to v.: (to become friendly with someone) clódhadh le duine
watch v.: (look out) faithchill watch to your left: faithchill do chlé
waving: (of a flag, of anything raised into the air and mvong forwards and backwards) ag creafadaigh
way n.: (manner) dóigh; that's the way he did it: sin an dóigh a rinne sé é. how? what way?: caidé an dóigh? (road) bealach Use of "bealach" is confined in Ulster Gaelic to the "road" sense; it is not an equivalent for English "way" in other senses.
wean v.: (remove a young animal from its mother): scaith unweaned: gan scathadh
wear v.: worn through use: caithte maol ar mhéad is fuair sé de láimhdeachas
weed v.: lustan a bhaint, lustan a ghlanadh
weeds (collective) n.: lustan
weir n.: caraidh (f. gs. caradh) Knocknacarry (Co Antrim), an Dubhcharaidh (Co D
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wreck n.: a wrecked ship: cunamar luinge
wrestle v.: I'll wrestle you: bhéarfaidh mé car duit
wretched adj.: (of poverty-striken person) deileoir
wrinkle n.: (facial; or furrow of brow) ruic (ban., pl. ruicne/ruicní/ruicneacha)
write v.: (commit to writing) scríobh; (compose, create) cum
X
Y
year n.: bliadhain (f3), gs. bliadhna, pl. bliadhantaí
your poss. adj.: (singular) do (plural) mur
youth n.: (period of life) óige;
Oisín in the Land of Youth: Oisín i dTír na hÓigeZ
Notes on some Ulster Irish words
aite: pleasant (not: strange); "b'aite liom féin a bheith 'r thaoibh mhalaidh shléibhe"
"b'aite le Nóra pis agus pónair, b'aite le Nóra branndaí" "codladh go headaradh a b'aite liom féin" "dá mbínn 'n mo tháilliúr ná 'n mo ghabha, 'n mo ghréasaí bróg a b'aite liom" cf aiteas: "do shúil ghorm ghlé fár thréig mé aiteas is suairc'"
árd: high; (of sound) loud, high-volume
beinn: 1. fear of hardship (weather, hard work, hunger, etc.) they are not afraid of bad weather: níl beinn acu ar an doininn 2. respectful fear of person etc. he has no fear of God: níl beinn aige ar Dhia 3. friendly worry, concern; do you concern yourself about me, do you worry about me? an bhfuil bei
nn agat orm? they do not worry about their souls: níl beinn ar a n-anam acu
cairt f.: bark (of tree); thin layer, coating, skin, deposit, crust, scum; map: cairt iúil
ceol: music inc. song; ceoltaí: songs
claidhe: a ditch or wall around fields or gardens:
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usually of solid material (c. cloch, fód, leacach, créafóige, gainimhe), but also c.sceach, c.aitinnighe
chlis mé: I gave a start; (baineadh cliseadh asam)chlis orm: I failed (Ó Brógáin amháin)
creafadaigh: flapping, fluttering, waving, swaying, shaking, vibrating, quivering, cowering, palpitating an píosa a stróc an cliabh as druim a shean-chasóige crochta leis agus é ag creafadaigh ins an ghaoith (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)
buaileadh sála cruadhacha ar an urlár go dtí go rabh an dair ag lúbarnaigh agu ag creafadaigh mar b^héadh saileog ann (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)
Agus bhí an tor dubh sin ag damhsa agus ag creafadaigh go h-iongantach nó bhí néall as Tír na hÓige ag tuitim ar an fhaireachán uaigneach (An Grádh agus an Ghruai)
..an carrfhiadh a' creafadaigh lena chosa (Feilimidh Dhomhnaill)
ÓD: creathadaigh.
cornán n.: cornán nótaí a roll of banknotes; cornán rópa a coil of ropecrup: shrink, gather in, draw in, "stooped" shoulders, "bent" legs (in computing) crupadh: compression; leathadh: decompression
Chrup a ghuailneacha agus chaolaigh a chnámha agus sheangaigh a chliabhlach. (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)
Ar feadh tamaill fhada bhí an dá ghlúin a bhí rud beag crupaighthe, ós cionn an ghainimh, agus an fhéasóg ag gobadh aníos. (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)
Chaith Cathal uadh an spád agus chaith sé é féin síos ar an uaigh, a dhá láimh crupaighthe fá n-a cheann, agus é fuaighte de'n talamh ina phianaigh.
(An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)
crupán ar na buaibh (Bríd Bhán); Loch a' Chrupáin
ÓD: crap
cuifeallán: small group of people gathered together
Chuaidh siad isteach an tráigh, agus chuaidh siad thart le cúig nó sé chuifeallái daoiní, a bhí ag tarraingt ar an oileán go ndéanadh siad an turas. (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)
Tháinig an pobal amach i ndiaidh an Aifrinn agus chruinnigh siad thart 'na
gcuifealláin a chómhrádh. (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)
D'fhágadh cuid eile an cuifeallán agus d'imthigheadh siad 'na' bhaile. (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)
Cuifeallán beag daoine thall sa tsráid (Tír Eoghain)
ÓD: comhthionól
cunamar: a few words of English: cunamar beag Béarla,
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a few pounds: cunamar beag airgid a heap or jumble of broken or unfinished or useless things, junk, wreckage; (in computing) waste(basket), trash(can)
Rug mé ar mo dheilbh féin agus thóg mé de'n bhonn a bhí faoithe í, agus sháith isteach imeasg chunamar de dheilbh leath-dhéanta í. (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)
D'éirigh siad [Sléibhte Thír Chonaill] roimhe eadar an meadhon-lae agus an neoin, fá n-a gcuid sleasa fada gorm-cheodhacha, néaltai neimhe ag siabadh fá na mbathais mar bhéadh folt fionn fada ag scabadh le síon, iad gágach le srutháin agus gioach le fraoch agus garbh le scileach agus le cruadh-c^hunamar creagach. (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)
An fear a bhris crann darach, ní méadughadh do n-a chliú cunamar a dhéanamh de shlat shaileoige. (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)
ÓD: conamar
curr: a projecting edge or corner
ar churr an dreisiúir: on the edge of the dresser ar chorr na cathaoire: on the edge of the chair curr na beinne: the edge of the cliff bhí an bonn ag imtheacht ar a churr: the coin was rolling on its edge bhí curr ar a bhríste comh géar le béal sgine: he had a sharp crease in his trusers bheith ar do churr: to be alert
deisigh: repair; (in computing) edit
doras m.: door [gs. dorais; pl. dorsaí]; Na Dorsaí = Dorsey, Co Armagh variant gp. dorsach; Cúirt dhorsach Dhún na nGall variant dp. dorsaibh
dual: usual, natural, expected chan dual grian gan scáile (North Antrim): you don't expect sunshine without shadow; ba dual de'n gháir sin dhá thaoibh an ghleanna a ghreadadh ar a chéile: the cheer was fit to knock the two sides of the glen together níor dhual dó é: it was not in his nature ba dual sinnsear dó é: he gets it from his people faithche f.: a green area esp. public, e.g. a fair green or playing field
fál: a ditch or field-wall, common in Donegal placeames but rare in contemporary works
faoi: under (not: about)
fraochán m.: ring ouzel
fraochóg f.: bilberry
fuighleach/fuigheallach m.: remainder, balance; remains, leavings;
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superfluity, excessive quantity.
fuinneog f.: window; iol, fuinneogaí
gaibhte (not: gabhtha): captured
gasúr, pl. gasraí: boy
géar: (of sound) high-pitched
giollacht: biadh a ghiollacht - to prepare, cook food; daoine a ghiollacht - to guide, direct people; daimhseoirí a ghiollacht - to "call" a dance, i.e. direct the dancers talamh, bárr, móin a ghiollacht - to attend to land, crops, peat
gléas:
íseal: low; (of sound) soft, low-volume
lár: ground, floor
léana m.: a green flat area of land, often beside the sea or beside a river; a playing field, a lawn
locaim: I renege, refuse, withdraw, back out, back down cáin loctha penalty for withdrawal
??? luach: value or price
mullóg f.: a heap or raised area; mullóg shléibhe: a heap-like mountain
préachán m.: a rook (called a crow in Hiberno-English); whereas a grey crow (scald-crow, hooded crow) is feannóg
scaiteacha pl.: a running fight
scaithim: 1. I pull away from, drop, shake off, leave well behind, leave trailing in my wake (a pursuer, a landmark) Chuaidh agam a scathadh. Scaith siad Rinn Chliabháin. Ní rabh an rása i bhfad ar obair go rabh an chuid eile scaithte. Sin feadóg bhocht a scaitheadh ó n-a cuid comrádaidhthe. 2. I separate, free, break free Léim mo dhuine bocht eadar na ba a's an chontabhairt a's chuaidh 'á scathadh. Dá scaitheadh sibh an sléigh sin amach as an oidhreogaigh... Nuair a scaitheadh na soithigh ó n-a chéile... Scaith an bád í féin (the boat floated off the rocks) Crudh a scathadh, to shed a horseshoe. Cnaipe a scathadh, to lose a button.
seanadh m.: sense of loyalty, sense of gratitude
ar s(h)on: for the sake of (a person, cause, etc); in exchange, compensation for (a thing)
sliocht: (1) descendents, seed of (2) bhí a shiocht air: the inevitable consequence of his action followed not found in meaning "extract, excerpt"
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sruthlú: to rinse, to clean by shaking in water
teinidh f.: gs. teineadh; pl. teintí; a fire
toighte (not: tofa): chosen, elected
tom: gs&pl toim; a bush: t.cuilinn, t.dreasóg, t.aitinnighe, t.droighin, t.cuill; a clump: t.cnádáin, t.raithnighe, t.caonaigh
tor: gs&pl toir; a sea-stack; a tower; a bush or small tree; tor aitinnighe: a whin-bush
trí: three (not: through)
usaid f2.: gs. usaide; pl. usaideacha, gpl. usaideach; a barrel, hogshead
urróg f2.: a lunge, lurch, sudden movement
Donegal pronunciations and local dialect words:
bliadhain: year (dhn pronounced nn - not as n - in oblique form bliadhna) (Gleann Fhinne Ultach 29:9:3)
groiseog: gooseberry (Fánaid Ultach 33:4:5)
seachtmhain: week (mh so pronounced) (Gleann Fhinne Ultach 31:1:11)
síon: nothing (in negative sentences) (Fánaid Ultach 27:7:1)
srubhán: cockle (Cloch Cheann-Fhaolaidh Ultach 33:4:5)
Regular verb paradigms:
Note the following Ulster features.
1. Future and conditional of 2nd conjugation: the ch is clearly heard: ceannóchaidh, cheannóchadh, srl.
2. dóigh, báigh, léigh. srl. The igh is clearly heard, eg. in present tense: léighim (NOT léim), léigheann in past autonomous: dóigheadh (NOT dódh)
3. díol, cuir, bheir, srl. When an ending in -t- is added, the t is frequently lenited: imperfect autonomous: dhíolthaí, chuirthí, bheirthí
4. Second conjugation: verbal adjective is frequently formed with -iste: cóiriste, cruinniste, coinniste
5. First conjugation: verbal adjective frequently has -í added: glacthaí
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6. Verbal nouns in -áil frequently have -t suffixed: fágáilt, coinneáilt
Irregular verb paradigms:
deán:imperative: deán, deánaigí (subjunctive: go ndeánaidh sé, go ndeánadh sé)present: ghní sé, an ndeánann sé (imperfect: ghnidheadh sé, an ndeánadh sé)past: rinne sé, an dtearn séfuture: dheánfaidh sé, an ndeánfaidh sé (conditional: dheánfadh sé, an ndeánfadh sé)verbal noun: deánamh; verbal adjective: deántaAn rud a tchídh an páiste, ghnídh an páiste.
feic:imperative: none (action is involuntary); look is amharc or dearc (subjunctive:go bhfeicidh sé, go bhfeiceadh sé)present: tchí sé, an bhfeiceann sé (imperfect: tchidheadh sé, an bhfeiceadh sé)past: chonnaic sé, an bhfaca séfuture: tchífidh sé, an bhfeicfidh sé (conditional: tchífeadh sé, an bhfeicfeadh sé)verbal noun: feiceáil; verbal adjective: not used (I have seen = chonnaic mé)An rud a tchídh an páiste, ghnídh an páiste.
tabhair:imperative: tabhair, tugaigí (subjunctive: go dtugaidh sé, go dtugadh/dtabharadh sé?)present: bheir sé, an dtugann sé (imperfect: bheireadh sé, an dtugadh sé)past: thug sé, an dtug sé (NOT ar thug); ní thug, nach dtug, go dtug, sula dtug)future: bhéarfaidh sé, an dtabharfaidh sé (conditional: bhéarfadh sé, an dtabharfadh séverbal noun: tabhairt; verbal adjective: tugtha
faigh:imperative: faigh, faighigí (subjunctive: go bhfaighidh sé, go bhfaigheadh sé)present: gheibh sé, an bhfaghann sé (imperfect: gheibheadh sé, an bhfaghadh sé)past: fuair sé, an bhfuair séfuture: gheobhaidh sé, an bhfuighidh sé (conditional: gheobhadh sé, an bhfuigheadh sé)
verbal noun: fagháil; verbal adjective: faighte
tar:imperative: tar, taraigí (subjunctive: go dtaraidh/dtigidh sé?, go dtaradh/dtigeadhsé?)present: thig sé, an dtig sé (imperfect: thigeadh sé, an dtigeadh sé)past: tháinig sé, an dtáinig sé (NOT ar tháinig); ní tháinig, nach dtáinig, go dtáinig,future: tiocfaidh sé, an dtiocfaidh sé (conditional: thiocfadh sé, an dtiocfadh sé)verbal noun: teacht; verbal adjective: none (verb is intransitive; I have come = tháinig mé)note: "tag" is not used in any tense
téidh:
imperative: téidh/gabh, téidhigí/gabhaigípresent: théid sé, an dtéid sé (imperfect: théidheadh sé, an dtéidheadh sé)past: chuaidh sé, an dteachaidh séfuture: rachaidh sé, an rachaidh sé (conditional: rachadh sé, an rachadh sé)verbal noun: goil; verbal adjective: none (verb is intransitive; I have gone = chuaidh mé)
cluin:imperative: should be none as action is involuntary (listen is éist), but cluin is sometimes used
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present: chluin sé, an gcluin sé (ending -eann sometimes added) (imperfect: chluineadh sé, an gcluineadh sé)past: chuala sé, an gcuala sé (not usually ar chuala sé, but it is sometimes used); ní huala, nach gcuala, go gcuala; sula gcualafuture: cluinfidh sé, an gcluinfidh sé (conditional: chluinfeadh sé, an gcluinfeadh sé)verbal noun: cluinstin; verbal adjective: ?
abair:imperative: abair, abraigí (subjunctive: go n-abraidh sé, go n-abradh sé)present: deir sé, an abrann sé (imperfect: deireadh sé, an abradh sé)past: dubhairt sé, ar dhubhairt sé (an ndubhairt sé); níor dhubhairt, nár dhubhairt, guhubhairt, sular dhubhairtfuture: deirfidh sé, an abóraidh sé (conditional: déarfadh sé, an abóradh séverbal noun: rádh/ráidht; verbal adjective: ráidhte
ith:future: íosfaidh sé (conditional: d'íosfadh sé)
fág:future: fágfaidh/fuígfidh sé (conditional: d'fhágfadh/d'fhuígfeadh sé)
marbh:future: muirbhfidh sé (conditional: mhuirbhfeadh sé)
bí: note the following Ulster forms:present relative: a bíos (ie. unlenited); a bídh is sometimes found before "sé", "sí", sibh", "siad"present autonomous: bíthear, ní bhíthearpast autonomous: bhíthear, ní rabhtharrelative form of the autonomous: present: (direct, absolute) a bíthear, (indirect, dependent) a mbíthear; past: (direct, absolute) a bhíthear, (indirect, dependent) a rabhthar