enhance the performance of polymer concrete using nano ... · construction technology is...

Enhance the Performance of Polymer Concrete Using Nano Materials

Amrutha V V M.Techstudent,Dept. of Civil Engineering

Vimal Jyothi Engineering College

Chemperi,Kannur, Kerala

Anuragi P Assistant Professor,Dept. of Civil Engineering

VimalJyothi Engineering College

Chemperi,Kannur, Kerala

Abstract - Cement concrete is the only material which has

been used maximum for construction of buildings. Now the

construction technology is accommodating new materials day by

day, Inclusion of polymers and nano materials in cement concrete

is getting more attention. Polymers and nano materials are

improving the engineering properties of the cement and concrete.

Polymers can be added in the concrete partially or fully in order

to gain maximum strength. Here the concrete is modified by

using SBR Latex instead of cement at a rate of 15 %. The beam is

first casted by using polymer modified concrete. And then the

nano silica added to the concrete mix, at the rate of 1.5 % and

Nano TiO2 at the rate of 1.5 % .To examine the mix concrete

after addition of polymers following test were performed-

compressive strength split tensile strength, four point flexural

test, and direct shear test. This experiment is conducted to study

the mechanical properties of the specimen and also to do

comparative study of polymer concrete with nano silica and nano

TiO2.

Keywords - nano silica, nano TiO2, polymer modified

concrete

I INTRODUCTION

Science of concrete with polymers and nano-materials are the principle inquires about points now days. As of late, improving the solidness of bond based items has turned into a key factor to improve the life expectancy of solid structures. The strength of concrete based structures could improve by improving the bond with polymers and nano materials. In reality, strength improvement of bond based materials can expand the administration life of solid structures, especially foundations and unique structures, for example, sewage frameworks, expressway extensions, passages, and marine structures, which are significant for each general public. Expanding the durability of solid structures can postpone the devastation and reproduction of these structures. Therefore, in a particular period, less trash can be created by annihilation and less development materials will be expended for remaking. The nano technology is the control, understanding and restructuring of matter on the order of nanometers to create the materials with new properties and functions.Concrete, is a nano-structured, multi-phase, composite material those ages over time. It is composed of an amorphous phase, nanometer

to micrometer size crystals, and bound water. The formless stage, calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) is the ''glue" that holds concrete together and is itself a nano-material. Among the distinctive nano particles accessible in the market, nano silica (SiO2) particles altogether influence the properties of concrete based composites in view of their high purity, and high explicit surface areas. Nano silica is a white colored fine powder with a thickness 2.4 g/cm3. Indeed, even the expansion of little measure of nano silica (1.5%) improves the compressive strength and flexural strength. Be that as it may, the use of a lot of nano-SiO2 particles (over 5% concrete substitution) can prompt hindering consequences for the mechanical and durability properties of cement based materials. The nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) likewise has a similar property as that of nano silica. Additionally it has generally excellent sanitizing property and antifouling properties. Here 1.5 % of bond is replaced by nano SiO2 and nano TiO2. Polymer cement might be utilized for new development or fixing of old cement. The glue properties of polymer concrete permit fix of both polymer and regular bond based cements. Here the SBR Latex is utilized as the polymer and the concrete is replaced by 15 % of SBR Latex. SBR Latex, i.e., styrene butadiene rubber latex is a white colored fluid with a thickness 1 Kg/L at 25 0 and it contain 50 % of water content. So here the water concrete proportion diminished to .375.

II LITERATURE REVIEW Mohammed et.al. (2018) [1] assess the impacts of nano-

silica on the properties of pervious cement containing fly ash. It is discovered that the quality of the solid expanded by the NS by keeping up the void proportion and permiability. The NS is added to the solid with little measurement of superplastizer. The utilization of NS likewise improves the performance of fly ash.

Khaloo et. al. (2016)[2] Studied the impact of Nano-SiO2

particles on the properties of high performance concrete . Here he contemplated the impacts of various sizes of nano-SiO2

particles on HPC. Diminished w/c proportion for coarser nano- SiO2 has the improved mechanical property. And the finer nano-material has the higher pazzolanic action.Mohan Kantharia and Pankaj Kumar Mishra (2017)[3] Studied the properties of nano materials and polymers in the concrete.

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 14, Number 12, 2019 (Special Issue) © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com

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Polymer and nano materials are improving the building properties of cement and concrete.These materials are improves the water resistance, flexural srength, compressive strength and in lessening concrete cracks.

Ziaei-Nia et.al. (2017)[4] explored the changes in the impact of added substance nano silica replacing micro silica to lessen corrosion rate of steel in the solid of C525 in a corrosive environment. And furthermore to get the ideal blend of these added substances in reinforced concrete for the creation of strengthened concrete with high Resistance to corrosion of the reinforcement.

Paratibha Aggarwal et.al. (2015) [8] examined the utilization of nano silica in the cement based materials. The examination these days is for the most part concentrating on the fundamental exploration of cementitious material at nano/nuclear dimension. The survey paper outlines the impact of nano-silica expansion on mechanical, durability and microstructure qualities of paste, mortar and concrete.

III FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF BEAM

Five RC beams were prepared. The RC beams were reinforced with two 8 mm diameter bars at top and bottom and 6 mm diameter stirrups spaced at 120 mm center to center as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 Geometry and details of concrete beam specimens

(All dimensions in cm)

A. Material Properties

The materials used in the study are Ordinary Portland cement of grade 53, the average yield stress of main steel bars used in the experiment is 500 MPa and an elastic modulus of 200 GPa. Fine aggregate used is M sand, coarse aggregate used is of size 20mm, nano silica (nano-SiO2), nano titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) and SBR Latex as a polymer, here the locally available Perma-latex is used.

Fig. 2 Nano Silica Fig. 3 Nano Titanium dioxide

TABLE 1 Details of Beam Specimen

Sl. No. Specimen Description

1 CB Control beam

2 NS Beam with 1.5 % replacement of

cement with nano silica

3 NT Beam with 1.5 % replacement of

cement with nano TiO2

4 PB Beam with 15% of SBR latex

5 NSP Beam with 1.5 % replacement of

cement with nano silica and 15 % of

SBR Latex.

6 NTP Beam with 1.5 % replacement of

cement with nano titanium dioxide

and 15 % of SBR Latex

B. Specimen Casting

A beam of size 1500 x 150 x 200 mm is casted as the control beam (Specimen1). Two main bars of diameter 8mm is used with a nominal cover of 30 mm and 2 legged 6mm stirrup are placed at 120 mm spacing. Minimum clear cover to reinforcements depends on the exposure criteria and this is specified in IS: 456-2000. A beam of size 1500 x 150 x 200 mm is casted with the replacement of cement by nano silica (NS). A beam of size 1500 x 150 x 200 mm is casted with 1.5 % of nano titanium dioxide as specimen 3 (NT). A beam of size 1500 x 150 x200 mm is casted with the addition of 15 % of SBR Latex as specimen 4 (PB). A beam of size 1500 x 150 x200 mm is casted with the addition of 15 % of SBR Latex and 1.5 % of nano silica as specimen 5 (NSP). And a beam of size 1500 x 150 x200 mm is casted with the addition of 15 % of SBR Latex and 1.5 % of nano titanium dioxide as specimen 6.

C. Testing Procedure

All specimens were water cured for 28 days and then tested. The control beam of 1500 mm length and 150 mm breadth and 200 depths are casted, compacted and finished and cured properly for 28 days. After the curing time it is tested under the loading frame applying two point load at L/3 sections of the beam span as shown in Fig 4.

Fig. 4 Test setup line diagram for testing of beam with two point loading

Similarly the other specimens, beam with added nano silica (NS), beam with added nano titanium dioxide (NT), beam with SBR latex (PB), and polymer beam with nano silica (NSP) and


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polymer beam with nano titanium dioxide (NTP) are casted and then tested. The Flexural strength of all beams is evaluated.

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The control beam, NS beam, NT beam, polymer beam, NSP beam, NTP beams were casted and tested. The ultimate load and the corresponding ultimate deflection at the mid span and at L/3distance for all the tested beams have been determined. The experimental test result of all specimens will be discussed in this section with respect to their strength, load deflection curves, failure modes and crack patterns.

Fig. 5 Crack pattern of Control beam

According to the loading scheme, all beams started to show flexural cracks at the middle part of the span and with further loading, flexural cracks began to be distributed around the middle part and increased in their lengths and widths. In the sequel, flexural shear cracks were developed and finally shear cracks were formed.

The control beam CB started to crack due to flexure at the mid span section at a vertical load of about 14 kN, which is about 48.78 % of the failure load. Proceeding with loading, the flexural cracks spread at the tension side till a vertical load of about 41 kN, and then shear cracks are began to appear.

The first cracking load of control beam is lower than that of other beams. So it can be seen that enhancing the concrete beam by replacing cement with nano materials improves the strength of the beam and the first crack formed at a larger load value than the control beam. From the table it can be seen that the nano material added polymer beam have larger value for cracking load. The nano material added beam has larger value for cracking load than the control beam, but the polymer beam with nano materials has much more larger value for first crack loads. The initial crack loads of beam PB, NS, NT, NSP and NTP were 22.6 kN, 25 kN, 25.4 kN, 25.6 kN and 26.4 kN.

Fig 6 Comparison of first crack load

Regarding the ultimate load it was noticed that the ultimate load of control beam were approximately same as that of polymer beam (PB). The ultimate load of beams PB, NS, NT, NSP and NTP were 42.7 kN, 47.2 kN, 48.5 kN, 50.6 kN and 51.7kN. It can be observed that the polymer beam exhibited approximately the same ultimate load as that of control beam. And the polymer beam with added nano materials shows more ultimate load value than that of nano material added concrete beam. The ultimate load value of each specimen is shown in fig.7.

Fig.7 Comparison of ultimate load

The maximum load that the control beam can carry is found to be 40.6 KN with corresponding deflection of 17.56 mm at the centre (L/2) and 12.25 mm at the L/3 section of the beam. The deflection of the beam gradually increases up to initial crack load and then it we can see a sudden increase as the load value increases.

The beam with added nano silica (NS) has an ultimate load value of 47.2 KN and has a centre deflection 9.34 mm and a deflection of 8.27 mm at the L/3 section of the beam. The deflection of the beam gradually increases up to initial crack load and then it suddenly increases as the load value increases. The central deflection of NS beam is found out to be 46.81% lesser than that of the control beam. Since the nano silica added concrete beam has high bonding strength due to the chemical reaction took place in the concrete mix at nano scale level and improving the molecular structure; increasing the bond strength. Here the Nano-SiO2 not only behaved as a filler to improve the microstructure but also as an activator to promote the pozzolanic reactions.

The beam with added nano titanium dioxide (NT) has an ultimate load 48.5 KN and has centre deflection 14.57 mm and a deflection of 12.34 mm at the L/3 section of the beam. The deflection of the beam gradually increases up to initial crack load and then it suddenly increases as the load value increases. The central deflection of NT beam is found out to be 17.03 % lesser than that of the control beam. Since the Nano TiO2 added concrete beam has high bonding strength due to the chemical reaction took place in the concrete mix at nano scale level and improving the molecular structure; increasing the bond strength.

30 25 20 15 10

5 0

CB PB NS NT NSP NTP

Specimen

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

CB PB NS NT NSP NTP

Specimen

Fir

st c

rack

ing

lo

ad

(kN

)

Ult

ima

te l

oa

d (

kN

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In the same way, for the case of polymer beam PB,

the maximum load is found to be 42.7 KN and have deflections 17.26 mm at the centre and 16.70 mm at the L/3 section of the beam. The deflection of the beam gradually increases up to initial crack load and then it suddenly increases as the load value increases. The central deflection of PB is found out to be 1.71 % lesser than that of the control beam. The adhesive properties of polymer slightly decreases the deflection formed in the concrete beam. But smaller amount of polymer could not give much more resistance to deflection, and just the replacement of cement with polymer won’t give that much resistance to the deflection formed in the concrete beam. Similarly the nano silica added polymer beam (NSP) has an ultimate load of 50.6 KN and centre deflection 7.36 mm and deflection of 6.32 mm at the L/3 section of the beam. The deflection of the beam gradually increases up to initial crack load and then it suddenly increases as the load value increases. The central deflection of NSP beam is found out to be 58.08 % lesser than that of the control beam. Since the NS beam has more resistance to deflection, the polymer present in the beam improves the resistance about 11.27 % than NS beam.

The nano titanium dioxide added polymer beam

(NTP) has an ultimate load of 51.70 KN and a centre deflection 14.32 mm and a deflection of 12.98 mm at the L/3 section of the beam. The central deflection of NTP beam is found out to be 18.45 % lesser than that of the control beam. Since the NS beam has more resistance to deflection, the polymer present in the beam improves the resistance and show about 1.42 % decrease in the deflection value than NT beam. The load Vs deflection graph of each specimen at L/2 is shown in fig.8.

Fig. 8 Load Vs Deflection of CB

Fig. 9 Load Vs Deflection of NS

Fig. 10 Load Vs Deflection of NT

Fig.11 Load Vs Deflection of PB

Fig.12 Load Vs Deflection of NSP

Fig.13 Load Vs Deflection of CB

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Fig.14 Comparison of deflection

Percentage variation in flexural strength is shown in table 2. From the table it is clear that the maximum flexural strength is obtained for NTP beam with a value of 11.201 N/mm2 which is 27.28 % higher compared to control beam. The NSP beam also has a higher flexural strength 10.96 N/mm2 which is 24.54 % higher compared to control beam.

TABLE.2 Percentage Variation in Flexural Strength

SL

NO

BEAM

FLEXURAL

STRENTH, PL (N/mm2) bd 2

% VARIATION IN

FLEXURAL

STRENGTH

1 CB 8.80 0

2 NS 10.23 16.25

3 NT 10.51 19.43

4 PB 9.25 5.11

5 NSP 10.96 24.54

6 NTP 11.201 27.28

V CONCLUSIONS

Based on the adopted concrete dimensions, materials used to enhance the performance of the concrete beam as well as the considered loading scheme and history, the following conclusions could be highlighted. Here, the beam dimensions,

silica and SBR latex also has larger value for load carrying capacity (NSP) and the deflection value is lesser than any other beam. The deflection value decreases from CB, PB, NT, NTP, NS and NSP. So that we can say that NSP has lesser deflection than any other beams.

3) The NS beam has an ultimate load carrying capacity of 47.2 KN with 15.12 % increment and a central deflection of 22.86 mm. The polymer beam has an ultimate load carrying capacity of 42.7 KN with 4.5% increment and a central deflection of 19.37 mm. The NT beam has an ultimate load carrying capacity of 48.5 KN with 18.3 % increment and a central deflection of 17.03 mm. The NSP beam has an ultimate load carrying capacity of 50.6 KN with 23.41% increment and a central deflection of16.36 mm. The NTP beam has an ultimate load carrying capacity of 51.7 KN with 26.1 % increment and a central deflection of 17.65 mm

4) Since the polymer beam has more strength than the control beam, the polymer beam with nano material can enhance the properties of the polymer beam. So from the overall performance it can be concluded that nano material added polymer beam can be widely used in the construction industry, by replacing cement with polymer and nano materials.

5) Since the availability of nano materials are lesser and manufacturing of nano materials is also a research work there may find difficulty for practical application of nano material. But the quantity required for the work is very much lesser and it provide huge difference in the strength and lesser deflection value, the replacement of nano material will be a revolution.

REFERENCES

[1] Bashar S. Mohammed et.al, (2018),” Properties of nano-silica

modified pervious concrete”, Case Studies in Construction Materials 8 (2018) 409–422

[2] Mohan Kantharia1 And Pankaj Kumar Mishra, (2017),” Role Of amount of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and reinforcement were kept constant.

1) The flexural capacity of the other modified beam has larger value than control beam. This is due to the polymerization of concrete beam and strength gaining nano materials. Beam with SBR latex or the polymer beam has approximately same capacity as that of control beam. And the beam with nano materials and SBR Latex possess more flexural strength. The flexural strength increases from CB, PB, NS, NT, NSP and NTP respectively.

2) It could be concluded that the beam with nano titanium dioxide and SBR latex has the max load carrying capacity (NTP) and much lesser central deflection than other beams. And the beam with nano

Polymers And Nano Materials In Enhancing Engineering Properties Of Cement Concrete”, Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2017 July; 8(3): (B) 621-625

[3] Ziaei-Nia et.al.(2017), ”Simultaneous effect of nano and micro silica on corrosion behavior of reinforcement in concrete containing cement strength of grade c-525” , 11th International conference Inter disciplinarily in engineering, INTER-ENG 2017

[4] Saud Al-Otaibi (2018),” Potential for producing concrete blocks using sulphur polymeric concrete in Kuwait” , Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Sciences xxx (2018) xxx–xxx

[5] Abd-Elmoaty (2011),” Self-healing of polymer modified concrete”, Alexandria Engineering Journal (2011) 50, 171–178

[6] M. Sivakumaret.al. (2016),” Fatigue characteristics of nano-clay modified bituminous concrete”, Transportation Research Procedia 17 ( 2016 ) 124 – 133

[7] SuchedLikitlersuanget.al. (2016).” Laboratory investigation of the performances of cement and fly ash modified asphalt concrete mixtures.” International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 9 (2016) 337–344

20 10 DEFLECTION(mm)

NSP

NTPB 0

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NS

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[8] Paratibha Aggarwal et.al. (2015),” Use of nano-silica in cement

based materials- A Review.” Cogent Engineering (2015), 2: 1078018

[9] A lazaroet.al.n (2013), “Synthesis of a Green Nano-Silica Material Using Beneficiated Waste Dunites and Its Application in Concrete”, World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering, 2013, 3, 41-51

[10] Ilham Ibrahim and HaticeNurMehan (2015),”The Effect of Nano- Materials on Hot Mixture “Asphalt-Concrete””, Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 5, 419-427

[11] Er.KapilSonil and Dr. Y.P Joshi (2014),” Performance Analysis of Styrene Butadiene Rubber-Latex on Cement Concrete Mixes.”, ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 1), March 2014, pp.838-844

[12] Anamarijaet.al. (2011),”SBR Latex repair mortar properties”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A308 (2011) 233–240.

[13] M.S. Shobhaet.al. (2013).”Strength studies of Natural Rubber Latex modified high performance concrete”,ISSN-2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 5-May 2013

[14] KobraNikoofarandShekoufeMoazzezDizgarani, (2015), “HNO3@nano SiO2: An efficient catalytic systemfor the synthesis of multi-substituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions”, Journal of Saudi Chemical Society (2017) 21, 787–794

[15] Anwar M. Mohamed, (2016), “Influence of nano materials on flexural behavior and Compressive strength of concrete “, HBRC Journal (2016) 12, 212–22

[16] AchrafAyad, Aly Said, (2018),”Using Colloidal Nano Silica to Enhance the Performance of Cementitious Mortars”,Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 2018, 8, 82-90

[17] Khalooet.al. (2016) ,” Influence of different types of nano-SiO2 particles on properties of high performance concrete”, Construction and Building Materials 113 (2016) 18


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