enhanced oil recovery potential in the united states (part 9

Appendixes

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Appendix A

Oil Resource for Enhanced Recovery Projections

Contents

OTA DATA BASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reservoir Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Selection of Data Items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Data Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. Identification of Data Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. State Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. Estimation and Calculation of Missing Data Items . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Data Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :Fields and Reservoirs in the OTA Data Base. , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Offshore Fields in Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Documentation of Data Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ANALYSIS OF RESERVOIRS IN DATA BASE TO DETERMINE AMOUNTAND DISTRIBUTION OF REMAINING OIL.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Distribution of the Original Oil in Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Volume of Remaining Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Distribution of the Remaining Oil Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reservoirs With Limited Waterflood Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reservoirs Under Natural Water Drive or the Waterflooding Process. . .Consistency of Oil Resource Estimates With Those Implied by Other

Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIST OF TABLES

Table

Number

A-1. Average Oil Saturation in the Region Swept by Waterflood . . . . . . . . . .

Page

111

111

111

111

1111131 1 3

1 1 3

11.3

1 1 8

1 2 2

1 2 9

1 3 9

1 3 91 3 9

1 3 9

1 3 9

1 4 0

141

141

A-2. Comparison of lnitial Oil in Place Computed for Estimates of Sweep Effi-ciency and Residual Oil Saturations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

Number

A-1. Big Fields Reservoir Data File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

109

Appendix A ● 111

OTA Data Base

The oil recovery projections for enhanced oilrecovery (EOR) processes were determined fromthe results of reservoir-by-reservoir simulations.The accuracy of this approach depends on theextent, representativeness, and accuracy of thereservoir data file. In earlier work, Lewin andAssociates, Inc., collected detailed data on 245reservoirs in three States, California, Louisianaand Texas. The Office of Technology Assessment(OTA) contracted with Lewln and Associates,Inc., to expand this data base to include all majoroil-producing States and at least 50 percent ofthe remaining oil resources. The expanded database, referred to as the OTA data base, covers abroad range of geographic locations and reservoirtypes as well as the largest 300 domestic reser-voirs on which public data are available.

This appendix describes the development andcontent of the OTA data base. Sources of dataare documented by geographic region.

Reservoir Selection

A list of the largest oilfields (measured bycumulative production plus remaining reserves)was constructed from available data.1 The expo-nential distribution of the size of the Nation’s oil-fields—the largest 300 fields provide over two-thirds of the Nation’s production-suggests thatthe preponderance of tertiary recovery oppor-tunities lies in the major fields.

Data collection, therefore, began by focusingon the largest fields and the largest reservoirswithin these fields. Smaller fields and reservoirswere added to the file to increase the proportionof each State’s oil covered by the data base.Thus, the OTA data base contains reservoirs andfields of varying size, although the prepon-derance of the reservoirs is quite large (over 50million barrels cumulative production plus re-maining reservoirs). An analysis was conductedto ascertain whether the preponderance of largefields renders the data base unrepresentative. Nosystematic bias was introduced by the number oflarger fields.

Selection of Data Items

The data items included in the file wereestablished by the three key tasks involved inEOR analysis, namely to:

1. Screen fields and reservoirs at two levels: (a)

2

3

favorable or unfavorable to tertiary recov-ery; and (b) for the favorable reservoirs, themost preferred tertiary technique.

Calculate the oil in place and amount to berecovered through primary, secondary, andtertiary methods-based on actual reservoirparameters and production histories.

Calculate investment and operating costs ofthe preferred tertiary technique--based onregion, reservoir, and crude oil charac-teristics.

Detailed data were collected concerning for-mation and crude oil characteristics, productionhistories, and original (OOIP) and remaining oil inplace (ROIP). Figure A-1 is a copy of the formused to display data for each field and its produc-ing reservoir(s). Complete reservoir data (asshown on the form) were avaiIable for only a fewreservoirs. Although there are many data missing,complete volumetric and production data wereavailable for each reservoir in the OTA data base.

Data Collection

A three-step approach was used in collectingthe reservoir data:

1, Identification of Data Sources

National level data were available for fieldsthrough the American Petroleum Institute (API)and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-sponsoredOil Information Center. However, l itt le wasavailable for reservoirs within these fields.Detailed data on reservoirs were gathered fromState agencies, State-level private organizations,and general publications. In this step, the availa-ble data sources were cataloged and evaluated as

112 ● Appendix A

2

9. -Lasn

dm&

>

a ●

‘4

**

Appendix A . 1 l.?

to their completeness and reliability. From thisevaluation, priorities were assigned to the iden-tified sources.

2. State Procedures

For each State, detailed procedures weredeveloped which described the data to be col-lected from each source, the sequence of usingthe sources, and decision rules for any estimatesor averaging necessary to complete the data col-lection forms.

3. Estimation and Calculation of MissingData Items

After’ rigorously examining and cataloging allavailable data sources, some of the data re-mained missing. When these data were critical tothe analysis, they were estimated using engineer-ing formulas and empirical correlations. All datawere edited for volumetric consistency, a re-quirement of later steps in the analysis.

Appl icat ion of th is procedure requirednumerous followup contacts with Federal andState sources to elicit additional data, to verifyinterpretations, or to procure additional sugges-tions regarding data sources.

Data Coverage

Table 6 in Chapter Ill shows the scope andcoverage of the OTA data base. The 19 States in-cluded account for 96 percent of the oil remain-ing in domestic reservoirs. The individual reser-voirs in the data base account for over half of theNation’s remaining oil, The percentage coverageof each State is also relatively high. In only onecase was the coverage less than 20 percent of theState’s residual oil. For only two States did thecoverage fail to reach 30 percent. Thirteen of the19 States had coverage of 40 percent or greater.Based on the coverage and diversity of the reser-voirs in the OTA data base, an extrapolation tothe full United States appears justified.

The States for which the coverage is lowest,especially Kansas, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, andWest Virginia, are States which collect onlylimited information,

Fields and Reservoirs in theOTA Data Base

Field Reservoir

AlabamaCitronella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RodessaGilbertown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eutaw

AlaskaGranite Point ., ., . . . . . . . . Middle KenaiMcArthur River. . . . . . . . . . . HemlockMiddle Ground Shoal . . . . . Hemlock E,F,G PoolsPrudhoe Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kuparuk River

LisburnePrudhoe Oil Pool

Swanson River . . . . . . . . . . . HemlockTrading Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Kenai

Middle Kenai G–Hemlock,North

ArkansasMagnolia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SmackoverSmackover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OldSchuler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jones

CaliforniaCoastalCat Canyon . . . . . . . . . . . . . Old Area Pliocene

Sisquoc Area OthersLos Flores

Dos Cuadras. . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal OffshoreElwood . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . VaquerosOrcutt. ... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monterey Point SalRincon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hobson-Tomson-Miley

Padre Canyon OthersOak Grove Others

San Ardo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LombardiSanta Maria Valley . . . . . . . MainSouth Mountain. . . . . . . . . . Sespe MainVentura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C Block

D-5, D-6 EastVentura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-5, D-6 North

D-7, D-8

Los AngelesBeverly Hills . . . . . . . . . . . . . East Area MioceneBrea Olinda . . . . . . . . . . . . . Olinda Area

Brea AreaCoyote East . . . . . . . . . . . . . AnaheimCoyote West . . . . . . . . . . . . Main 99 Upper West

Main 99 Upper EastDominquez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . First East (Abandoned)

First East CentralFirst West CentralEast Cooperative3 and 4 NW Central3-4-5 EastWest Unit

96-594 0- 78 - ~

— —. .-

114 . Appendix A

Field Reservoir

Huntington Beach . . . . . . . . North Area Tar BolsaSouth Area Upper Main

Inglewood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VickersLong Beach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Old Area Upper PoolsMontebello, . . . . . . . . . . . . . BaldwinRichfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East and West AreaSanta Fe Springs. . . . . . . . . . Main Area OthersSeal Beach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Block Wasam

AlamitosNorth Block McGrath

Torrance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MainWilmington . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tar

Upper TerminalRangerLower TerminalFord

San JoaquinBelridge South . . . . . . . . . . . TulareBuena Vista , . . . . . . . . . . . . Upper Hills

Front AreaCoalinga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TemblorColes Levee North. . . . . . . . Richfield Main WesternCuyama South . . . . . . . . . . . Main Area HomanCymric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tulare

CarnerosOceanic (all)

Edison , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schist Main UpperVedder Freeman

Elk Hills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Upper MainFruitvale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chanac-Kernco MainGreeley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rio Bravo-VedderKern Front. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MainKern River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kern River SandsKettleman Dome North. . . . TemblorLost Hills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MainMcKittrick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Upper MainMidway-Sunset . . . . . . . . . . PotterMt. Peso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VedderRio Bravo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vedder-Osborne-Rio Bravo

ColoradoAdena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-SandAkron, East ... , . . . . . . . . . . D-SandAzure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-SandBadger Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . D-SandBijou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-SandBijou, West, . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-SandBlack Hollow . . . . . . . . . , . . LyonsBobcat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-SandBoxer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-SandBuckingham . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-SandDivide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-SandGraylin, NE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-SandJackpot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-SandLittle Beaver . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-SandLittle Beaver, East. , , . . . . . . D-Sand

Field Reservoir

Phegley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-SandPierce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LyonsPlum Brush Creek . . . . . . . . J-SandRangely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WeberSaber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-Sand

FloridaSunoco-Felda . . . . . . . . . . . . RobertsJay ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SmackoverBlackjack Creek . . . . . . . . . . Smackover

IllinoisClay City Consolidated. . . . Aux Vases

McCloskyDale Consolidated. . . . . . . . Aux VasesLawrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CypressLouden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CypressMain Consolidated . . . . . . . PennsylvanianNew Harmony . . . . . . . . . . . CypressSalem Consolidated . . . . . . BenoistRobinson, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robinson

KansasBemis-Shutts. . . . . . . . . . . . . ArbuckleBlankenship . . . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleBig Sandy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleBurket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleBush City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SquirrelChase Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . ArbuckleCunningham. . . . . . . . . . . . . Lansing-Kansas CityEdna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleEl Dorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AdmireFairport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ArbuckleFox-Bush-Couch. . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleGorham. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ArbuckleHall-Gurney . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lansing-Kansas cityHep[er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleHollow-Nikkei . . . . . . . . . . . HuntonHumboldt-Chanute . . . . . . . BartlesvilleIola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleKraft-Prusa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ArbuckleLament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleMadison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleMcCune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleMoran, Southwest . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleRainbow Bend . . . . . . . . . . . BurgessRitz-Canton . . . . . . . . . . . . . MississippianSallyards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleThrall-Aagard . . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleTrapp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ArbuckleVirgil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bartlesville

Louisiana (North)Caddo Pine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nacatoch

AnnonaPaluxy

Field Reservoir

Haynesvil[e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . BuckPettit LimeCampSmackover

Homer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Homer (all)Rodessa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rodessa (all)Delhi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delhi (all)

Louisiana (South)Avery Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medium

DeepBay St. Elaine . . . . . . . . . . . . Deep

DeepBayou Sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DeepCaillou Island. . . . . . . . . . . . Medium

MediumDeep

Cote Blanche Bay West MediumMedium

Cote Blanche Island. . . . . . . DeepDeep

Garden Island Bay . . . . . . . . ShallowShallowMediumMedium

Grand Bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MediumMedium

Hackberry West. . . . . . . . . . MediumLake Barre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deep

DeepRomere Pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . MediumTimbalier Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . MediumLake Pelto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deep

DeepLake Washington. . . . . . . . . Shallow

MediumDeep

Paradis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DeepWest Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MediumWeeks Island . . . . . . . . . . . . Deep

DeepQuarantine Bay . . . . . . . . . . Medium

MediumVenice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medium

Medium

MississippiBaxterville. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lower Tuscaloosa MassiveBay Springs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lower Cotton ValleyCranfield. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lower TuscaloosaEucutta East . . . . . . . . . . . . . EutawHeidelberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East Eutaw, (2) West EutawLittle Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lower TuscaloosaMallalieu, West . . . . . . . . . . Lower TuscaloosaMcComb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lower Tuscaloosasoso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BaileyTinsley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Woodruff SandYellow Creek, West . . . . . . Eutaw

Field

Appendix A . 175

Reservoir

MontanaBell Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MuddyCabin Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . lnterlake-Red RiverCut Bank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KootenaiDeer Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . InterlakeGas City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Red RiverGlendive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Red RiverLittle Beaver . . . . . . . . . . . . . Red RiverLittle Beaver, East. , . . . . . . . Red RiverMonarch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lnterlake-Red RiverOutlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Winnepegosis-lntedakePennel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lnterlake-Red Riverpine. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . InterlakePoplar, East. . . . . . . . . . . . . . MadisonRicheu, Southwest. . . . . . . . lnterlake-Red RiverSand Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lnterlake-Red River

New MexicoAllison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PennsylvanianCaprock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QueenCaprock, East . . . . . . . . . . . . DevonianCato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . San AndresChaveroo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . San AndresCorbin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AboDenton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wolfcamp

DevonianEmpire-Abe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . AboEunice-Monument . . . . . . . . Gray burg-San AndresHobbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . San Andres-GrayburgLea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DevonianLusk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . StrawnMaljamar. . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . Gray burg-San AndresMilnesand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . San AndresVacuum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gray burg-San Andres

GlorietaAbo Reef

North DakotaAntelope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MadisonBeaver Lodge . . . . . . . . . . . . Madison

DevonianBlue Buttes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MadisonCapa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MadisonCharlson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MadisonTioga. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Madison

OklahomaStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Upper Misener-HuntonWashington, East-Goldsby,

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OsborneSho-vel-tum . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvanian-DeeseElmwood, West . . . . . . . . . . Upper Morrow “A”Elk City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HoxbarSalt Fork, Southeast. . . . . . . SkinnerDover Hennessey. . . . . . . . . Meramec

ManningRed Bank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DutcherPutnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oswego

116 . Appendix A

Field Reservoir

Stroud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PrueEola-Robberson . . . . . . ... , PontotocAvant & West . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleBowlegs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GilcreaseBurbank, North. . . . . . . . . . . BurbankCarleton, Northeast. . . . . . . Atoka-MorrowCement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medrano Sand, WestCheyenne Valley . . . . . . . . . Red ForkCushing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleDibble, North. . . . . . . . . . . . OsborneDelaware-Childers . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleEarlsboro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EarlsboroEdmond, West . . . . . . . . . . . HuntonFlat Rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BartlesvilleHealdton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HoxbarLindsay, North . . . . . . . . . . . BromideMustang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunton Bois D’ArcNorth Northwest-Verden ., MarchandOakdale Northwest. . . . . . . Red ForkOconee, East . . . . . . . . . . . . Oil CreekOklahoma City . . . . . . . . . . Wilcox

Oil Creek-Lower SimpsonRed River, West. . . . . . . . . . GunsightSeminole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Upper WilcoxStanley Stringer, North . . . . Burbank

PennsylvaniaBradford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third BradfordFork Run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CooperFoster-Reno-Oil City ., . . . . Venago FirstKane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KaneSartwell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third Bradford

Sartwell

TexasDistrict 1Big Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . San MiguelDarst Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buda-EdwardsLuling-Branyon . . . . . . . . . . . EdwardsSalt Flat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Edwards

District 2Greta (a l l ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4400Lake Pasture . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-440

569Refugio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refugio-FoxTom Oconnor . . . . . . . . . . . Catahoula-Frio-MioceneWest Ranch . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-A

District 3Thompson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FrioBarbers Hills . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frio-MioceneColumbia West . . . . . . . . . . MioceneConroe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . First Main CockfieIdDickinson-Gillock . . . . . . . . Frio 8300-8800

Frio 9000-9300Goose Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . MioceneHastings East & West . . . . . FrioHigh Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miocene

Field Reservoir

Hull Merchant . . . . . . . . . . . YeguaHumble (all) . . . . . . . . . . . . . MioceneOld Ocean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ArmstrongOyster Bayou . . . . . . . . . . . . Frio-SearbreezePierce Junction. . . . . . . . . . . FrioSour Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FrioSpindletop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caprock-Miocene-FrioTomball. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CockfieldWebster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FrioMagnet Withers. . . . . . . . . . FrioAnahuac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frio

District 4Alazan North . . . . . . . . . . . . FrioAqua Dulce-Stratton . . . . . . Frio-VicksburgBorregos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Combined ZonesGovernment Wells North . . NorthKelsey , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multiple Zones 5400-6400Plymouth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FrioSaxet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Het.-MioSeeligson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Combined ZonesT-C-B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zone 21 -BWhite Point East . . . . . . . . . Frio

District 5Mexia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WoodbinePowell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WoodbineVan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Woodbine

District 6Fairway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LimeNeches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WoodbineNew Hope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bacon Lime

PittsburgQuit Man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PaluxyTalco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PaluxyEast Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WoodbineHawkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Woodbine

District 7-BEastland Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . StrawnStephens Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . Caddo

District 7-CBig Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QueenJameson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Strawn

PennsylvanianMcCamey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GrayburgPegasus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania

Ellen burger

District 8Andector. . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . Ellen burgerBlock 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crayburg

DevonianEllen burger

Cowden North. . . . . . . . . . . GrayburgDeep

Cowden South. . . . . . . . . . . San Andres-GrayburgCanyonEllen burger

Appendix A ● 117

Field Reservoir

Crossett. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DevonianDollarhide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ellen burger

DevonianDora Roberts . . . . . . . . . . . . EllenburgerDune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permian-San AndresEmma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gray burg-San Andres

Ellen burgerFoster , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gray burg-San AndresFullerton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . San Andres

Clear Fork8500

Goldsmith. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . San Andres-Grayburg5600 Clear Fork

Harper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PermianDevonianEllenburger

Headlee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ellen burgerHendrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yates-Seven RiversHoward-Glasscock. . . . . . . . Yates-Seven Rivers-Queen

San Andres-GrayburgGlorieta

Iatan East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . San AndresJohnson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gray burg-San AndresJordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permian

EllenburgerKermit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permian-YatesKeystone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colby

EllenburgerMcElroy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CrayburgMeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gray burg-San AndresMidland Farms . . . . . . . . . . . Grayburg

EllenburgerParks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PennsylvanianPenwell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . San Andres

GlorietaSand Hills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TubbsShafter Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . San Andres

Devonian-WolfcampEllenburger

Spraberry Trend . . . . . . . . . . SpraberryTXL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tubb

PennsylvanianUniversity Waddell . . . . . . . DevonianWaddell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gray burg-San AndresWard Estes North. . . . . . . . . Yates-Seven RiversWard South . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yates-Seven RiversYates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gray burg-San Andres

District 8-AAnton Irish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ClearforkCogdell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canyon ReefDiamond M . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canyon LimeKelly Snyder. . . . . . . . . . . . . Cicso

Canyon Reef (Watered)Canyon Reef

Levelland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . San AndresPrentice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glorieta

Clearfork 6700

Field

Russell. . . . . . . . . . .

Salt Creek. . . . . . . .Seminole. . . . . . . . .Slaughter. . . . . . . . .Wasson. . . . . . . . . .

Welch ... , . . . . . . .

District 9Archer Co. Reg. . . .Cooke Co. Reg. ., .Hull Silk Sikes. ... ,KMA . . . . . . . . . . . .Walnut Bend . . . . .

Wichita Co. Reg. . .Wilbarger Co. Reg.Young Co. Reg. . . .

District 10Panhandle. . . . . . . .

UtahAltamount-BluebellAneth . . . . . . . . . . .McElmo Creek . . . .Ratherford. . . . . . . .White Mesa . . . . . .Bridger Lake . . . . . .

Reservoir

. . . . . . . GlorietaClearforkDevonian

. . . . . . . Canyon Reef

. . . . . . . San Andres

. . . . . . . San Andres

. . . . . . . San AndresClearfork

. . . . . . . San Andres

. . . . . . . Strawn-Gunsight

. . . . . . . Strawn

. . . . . . . Strawn 4300

. . . . . . . Strawn

. . . . . . . HuspethWalnut BendWinger

. . . . . . . 0-2100

. . . . . . . Dyson-Milham

. . . . . . . Gunsight

. . . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .,. .,...,. ...,,,. .,..,

West VirginiaGreenwood. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Griffithsville . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WyomingBig Muddy . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Big Sand Draw . . . . . . . . . . .Bonanpa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-H Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cottonwood Creek . . . . . . .Dillinger Ranch. . . . . . . . . . .Elk Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Frannie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Gailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grass Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CarsonGrayHutch inson

Green RiverDesert CreekDesert CreekDesert CreekDesert CreekDakota

Big InjunBerea

Wall CreekTensleepTensleepMinnelusaPhosphoricUpper Minnelusa BEmbar-TensleepTensleepCombinedTensleepCurtisEmbar-TensleepFrontier

Hamilton Dome . . . . . . . . . . Tensleep

Hilight ~ “ . . ~+• “ “ “ “ ‘ “ “ “ “ MuddY-MinnellJsaLance Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leo

Sundance

118 . Appendix A

Field Reservoir

Little Buffalo Basin. . . . . . . . TensleepLost Soldier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Combined

TensleepOregon Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . North Tensleep

South TensleepSalt Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wall CreekSmemlek, West . . . . . . . . . . Minnelusa BSteamboat Butte . . . . . . . . . TensleepWertz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TensleepWinkleman Dome . . . . . . . . Tensleep

Offshore Fields

Field

Bay Marchand 002 . . .

Bay Marchand Block 2.

n Louisiana

Reservoir

. . . . . . 3600’ D3650’ (L) D3650’ (U) D4900’ D7100’ F7600’ MS7900’ D81 75’ B8200’ F8200’ BUQ8300’ BU8300’ EE8500’ B8550’ B8700’ BU8750’ BUW9100’ c9200’ B9600’ BRARAR D

BM 4350 D VUBM 4500 MLD VUBM 5000 D VUBM 4800 RD VU4800 AB VU

Eugene Island 126. . . . . . . . . . . 2A-RF-B2A-RF-c2B (1) RF A2B (1) RF-BVU2B (U) RJ2B (U) RL-CC-1 RFC-1 RND-1 RF AD-1 RF SUE-2 RF SUF-1 RF SUIM RF-BIM RL-AIM RL-SU

Field Reservoir

Eugene Island 175. . . . . . . . . . . RARARARBR DRBFB-DFB-DFB-ARBRCRA

Eugene Island 276. .., . . . ., . . P RA SU 1 WP RA SU IWU RA SU 1 WU3 RA SU 1 WVH 10 DE* 1Crist Sub 3A RATex (P) 1 RF

Eugene Island Block 330 . . . . . LF FBB 17300 S1 ● 1FBBRAFBAFBARASeg. ASeg. 1Seg. 3GA-2HB-1Seb. I

BFBAFBBFBBFBFCFSIL RAL RBL RCL REL RFLF FBA 1

Grand Isle Block 16 . . . . . . . . . B-2 RC 1AB-2 RE 1 WB-4 RCB-4 REB-4 RTBF-2 RE UCC-1 REF lWC-4 A RN

Grand Isle Block 43 . . . . . . . . . G-1F-2c - lR-2c-1G-2

Appendix A ● 119

Field Reservoir

s-1R5D-1R-1s-1R1l-lF-1R-6F-1I-8E-6

Grand Isle Block 47 . . . . . . . . . A-6A-6A-3A-2A-1

Main Pass Block 35. . . . . . . . . . G2 RA SUK2 RA SULO RA SUL2 RA SUN RA SUO RA SUR2 RA SU

Main Pass Block 41 . . . . . . . . . . RD SURA SURA SURB SURA SURB SU

Main Pass 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADDAAAAtAFA

Main Pass Block 69. . . . . . . . . . RB SURA VURC VURH SURB SU

Main Pass 144. . . . . . . . . . . . . . RI62506250L6900725075007525

Main Pass 306 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AB 28/29C45B 44/45AB444/45A-213

Field Reservoir

A-4A-FB-1A-2A-35AF8144/45FB-IFB-1112/34294244/45

Ship Shoal 204 . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1FB5FB4FB5RABRARA & BRARB

Ship Shoal 207 . . . . . . . . . . . . . AlRARARERBRGRARARFRARCRG

Ship Shoal 208 . . . . . . . . . . . . . RCPAARARAFB-3FB-4FB-3FB-4FB-4FB-3FB-4FB-3FB-4FB-4RARC

South Pass Block 24 . ........4 RB SU8200 T SU8400 RA SU8600 RA SU8800 RD SUM2 RA SUNA RA SU02 RA SUP-Q RA SUQ RA SU

120 . Appendix A

Field Reservoir

Q RB SUQ RC SUQ RE SUR2 RA SUSRA SUS RC SUT RA SUT RB SUT RC SUT RD SUT1 RB SU

South Pass Block 24 . . . . . . . . . T1 A RB SUTIA RB SUU2 RA SU

South Pass Block 27 . . . . . . . . . RA SUv uRB SURA SURA SURA SURB SURC SURD SURB SURC SURD SURE SURC SURA SURB SURA SURA SURB SURA SURA SURB SURC SURD SU

South Pass 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pliocene10 DF 32 UPF 32 UPF 13 AUp

F 13 ADRBSU10 U PRESURASU6 UPRESURESUF 13 AU

South Pass 61 ... , . . . . . . . . . . RMRNRQRRRNRMRA

Field Reservoir

RCRBRCRD

South Pass 62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RARARBRCRARARARCRARD

South Pass 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RARGRBRCRBRCR DRERARB

Ship Shoal 208 . . . . . . . . . . . . . RASouth Marsh Island 73 . . . . . . . B-35-K

B-65-GC-5-6

Timbalier Bay Block 21. . . . . . . DCS uIIIIBZ X 33X2DCClcBIDBSCDCDCDCDCEBT EBSUDCDC

W. Delta Block 30 . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Res. FA-2 Res. DA-3 Res. DC-45 and Res. QD-6 Res. BBE RASUG RASUG-4 Res. C-1C-4. Res. E-1I RASUIF Res. C-2IM Res. C-10

Appendix A . 121

Field Reservoir

P-1 Res. FP-2 Res. FP-45 Res. FP-6 Res. F6100 Res. E6300’ Res. G-A-2 Res. F6400’ Res. G-A-3 Res. F71 50’ Res. E8500 Res, C

W. Delta 73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RAFBIFB2RA

Field Reservoir

RARARA

W. Delta 79. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . D2R6SSFFONFFNFFIIIIIllI v

122 . Appendix A

Documentation of Data Sources

Data needed for individual reservoirs were ob-tained from many sources. Sources of data aresummarized by State in the Bibliography begin-ning on page 129. The entries in this bibliographyinclude 10 categories of data. Specific data itemsin each category are identified in the followingsection. These categories indicate the type of in-formation sought. As indicated in the Selection ofData Items on page 111, there are many gaps inthe specific data items under each category. Datawhich were available for essentially all reservoirsin the data base are indicated with an asterisk.

Geology* Structure name

Geologic ageLithologyFracturesFaultingComplexityContinuityLenticularityHeterogeneityClay contentTurbidities

Reservoir condit ion

* Depth* Bottom hole temperature

PressureDip

* permeabilityGas cap

Reservoir volume

* Net pay thickness* Number of zones* Porosity* Acres

Saturations

* Connate water saturation* Initial oil saturation

Current oil saturationResidual oil saturation after primary and sec-

ondary recovery

Water characteristics

( il/***

O i l*

*

*

O i l**

SalinityCalciumMagnesium

characteristics

GravityViscosity (reservoir conditions)

Formation volume factorsGas/oil ratio

volume - resources/reserves

Original oil in placeEstimated primary/secondary recoveryRemaining reserves

volume - production history

Cumulative productionAnnual productionProduction decline rate

Field development - conventional●

☛

☛

☛

☛

☛

Discovery yearprimary drive typeType of secondary recoveryYear of secondary initiationTotal wells drilledLatest active wellsCurrent operator(s)

Field development - E O RType of EOR processYear of initiationCurrent stage of developmentAcres under development

Bibliography

Following the State-by-State charts is abibliography providing the full citation for eachsource by State.

Appendix A ● 123

Documentation of Data Sources for Big Fields Reservoir File

1

~1

4

567

12i

4

5b7

8910

11

12

3

4

5

67

1

2

14

5

67

8

9

Geologv

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Type of Data

W a t e r

c harac -

terist ics

Oilcharac-teristics

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✌ ✎

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011 volume

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reserves

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Produc-

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Field Development

Conventlonal

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124 . Appendix A

State and Source

10

11

l?

12

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6.

1

2

3

4

5,

6.

7.

8

1

2

Petroleum Data System of North

America

Society ot Petoleum Engineers ot

AlME — a

Society of Petroleum Engineers of

AlME — b


AIME — C


AIME — d

12. Miscellaneous Petroleum

Periodicals

Geology

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Reservoir

Condition

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vo lume

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charac-

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terist ics

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Produc -

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Field Development

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State and Source

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1

2

3 .

4

5

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7

1

1

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3

4

5

6.

7

8

9

1

2

3

Bureau of Mines — a.

B u r e a u o f M i n e s — h

Energy Research and Development

Administration

International Oil Scouts

Association

Kansas Geological Survey — a

Kansas Geological Survey — b

K a n s a s G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y — c

Kansas Geological Survey — d

National Petroleum CounciI

0il and Gas journal — a

011 and Gas Journal — b

Petroleum Data System of North

America

Society ot Petroleum Engineers of

AlME — a


AIME — b

Soclity of Petroleum Englneers of

AlME — C

Miscel laneous Petroleum

P e r i o d i c a l s

Louisiana (Onshore)Amerlcan Petroleum Institute — a

a n d b

8ureau of Mines

Louisiana Department ot

Conservation — a

Louisiana Department of

Conservation — b

011 and Gas journal — a

0 1 1 a n d G a s j o u r n a l — b


AlME — a

Society of Petroleum Englneers of

AIME — b

Society of Product Ion Well

Analysts

N a t i o n a l P e t r o l e u m C o u n c i l

Louisiana (Offshore)U S Geologlcal Survey

MississippiAmerican Association of

Petroleum Geologists

American Petroleum Inst i tute

Bureau of Mines — a

Bureau of Mines — b

Federal Energy Administrat ion

Gulf Universlties Research

C o n s o r t i u m


A s s o c i a t i o n

MIssissippi State 011 and Gas

Board

011 and Gas jou rna l — a

011 and Gas Journal — b

Society of Petroleum Engineers o fAIME

MontanaAmerican Association of

P e t r o l e u m G e o l o g i s t s

B u r e a u o f M i n e s

GuIf Universities Research

C o n s o r t i u m

Appendix A . 725

Geology

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126 . Appendix A

State and Source

4

5

6

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8

9.

10

1.

234

5

6

789

101112

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4

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Appendix A ● 127

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128 . Appendix A

State and Source

4

5.

6

7

8

9

10

12.

3.

4.5.

6.

1.2.3.4

5

67

8.

9.10

11

WyomingA m e r i c a n P e t r o l e u m I n s t i t u t e

8 u r e a u o f M i n e s

F e d e r a l E n e r g y A d m i n i s t r a t i o n

Gulf Universities Research

C o n s o r t i u m


A s s o c i a t i o n

N a t i o n a l P e t r o l e u m C o u n c i l .

0 1 1 a n d G a s J o u r n a l — a .

O i l a n d G a s j o u r n a l — b .


A I M E — a , . .


AlME — b . . .


A I M E — c

Wyoming Geological Associat ion.

Wyoming 011 and Gas

C o n s e r v a t i o n C o m m i s s i o n

Miscel laneous Petroleum

P e r i o d i c a l s .

Geology

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history

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F ield Development

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Appendix A . 129

BibliographyAlabama

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Halbouty, Michael T . (Ed.) , Geology of GiantPe(ro/eum Fields, A m e r i c a n A s s o c i a t i o n o f

Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, okla., Memoir 14,1 9 7 0 .

The One Hundred Largest Fields in (he UnitedStates with R e m a i n i n g Es (irnated P r o v e dReserves of Crude Oil and “Ninety Day” Prod-uctive Capacity Estimated as of December .31,7974, American Petroleum Institute, Washing-ton, D. C., June 11, 1975.

Hawkins, M. E., et. al., Analyses of Brines FromOil-Productive Formations in Mississippi andAlabama, U.S. Department of the Interior,Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C., 1963.

/nternationa/ 0;/ and Gas Development, interna-tional Oil Scouts Association, Austin, Tex., Part11, vol. 44, 1974.

Mesozoic -Paleozoic Producing Areas ofMississippi and Alabama, Mississippi GeologicalSociety, Jackson, Miss., 1963.

“Here Are The Big U.S. Reserves,” Oil and Gasjournal, Jan. 27, 1975, pp. 116-118.

Frick, Thomas C. (Ed.), Petroleum ProductionHandbook, Society of Petroleum Engineers,American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, andPetroleum Engineers, Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol. 2,1962.

Alaska

1.

2.

3.

4.a

4.b

96-594

Statistical Report, State of Alaska, Division ofOil and Gas, Anchorage, Alaska, 1976.

Alaska Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska.

Halbouty, Michael T. (Ed.), Geo/ogy of GiactPetro/eum Fields, American Association ofPetroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Okla., Memoir 14,1970.

Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids. andNatura/ Gas in the United States and Canada,and United States Productive Capacity as ofDecember 31, 1974. Joint publication by theAmerican Gas Association, the Americanpetroleum Inst itute, and the C a n a d i a nPetroleum Associat ion, Vol. 29, May 1975.

The One Hundred Largest Fields in the UnitedStates with Remaining Est imated ProvedReserves of Crude Oil and “Ninety Day” DailyProductive Capacity Estimated as of December31, ? 974, American Petroleum Institute, Wash-ington, D. C., June 11, 1975.

3- 78 - 10

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Blaske, Donald P., et. al., Oil Fields and CrudeOil Characteristics— C o o k Inlet Basin, U . S .Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines,Washington, D. C., Report of Investigations No.7688, 1972.

Oil and Gas Resources, Reserves, and Produc-tive Capacities, Federal Energy Administration,Washington, D. C., Vol. 2, 1975.

/international Oil and Gas Development, interna-tional Oil Scouts Association, Austin, Tex., Part11, vol. 44, 1974.

Determination of Equitable Price Levels forNorth Slope Alaskan Crude Oi/, Mortada inter-national, Dallas, Text, 1976.

“Here Are The Big U.S. Reserves,” Oi/ and Gas)ournal, Jan. 27, 1975, pp. 116-118.

Arkansas1.

2.a

2.b

2.C

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.a

Annual Oil and Gas Report, State of Arkansas,Oil and Gas Commission, El Dorado, Ark., 1975.

Park, W, G., et, al., Heavy Oil Reservoirs i nArkansas, U.S. Department of the Interior,Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C., informa-tion Circular No. 8428, 1969.

Hawkins, M. E., et. al., Analyses of Brines FromOil Productive Formations in South Arkansasand North Louisiana, U.S. Department of the in-terior, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.,Report of Investigations No. 6282, 1963.

Carpenter, Charles B., and Schroeder, H. J., Mag-nolia Oil Field, U.S. Department of the Interior,Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C., Report ofInvestigations No. 3720, 1944.

Preliminary Field Test Recommendations andProspective Crude Oil Fields or Reservoirs forHigh Priority Field Testing, Gulf Universit iesResearch Consortium, Houston, Tex.,~ ReportNo. 148, 1976.

/nterna(iona/ Oil and Gas Development, interna-tional Oil Scouts Association, Austin, Tex., Part1[, vol. 44, 1974.

Summary of Secondary Recovery Operations inArkansas During 7953, Interstate Oil CompactCommission, Oklahoma City, Okla., 1954.

“Here Are The Big U.S. Reserves, ” Oi/ and Gas)ournal, Jan. 27, 1975, pp. 116-118.

Frick, Thomas C. (Ed.), Petro/eum ProductionHandbook, Society of Petroleum Engineers,American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, andPetroleum Engineers, Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol. 2,1962.

730 . Appendix A

7.b Socie(Y of Petroleum Engineers Symposium onhnpro;ed Oil Recovery, - Society of PetroleumEngineers, American Institute of Mining,Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.,Dallas, Tex., Preprint Series.

California1 .a

1.b

2.

3.

4.

5.a

S.b

6.

7.

8.a

8.b

Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids andNatura/ Gas is the United States and Canada,and United States Productive Capacity as ofDecember 37, 7974. Joint publication by theAmerican Gas Association, the Americanpet ro leum Ins t i tu te , and the CanadianPetroleum Association, Vol. 29, May 1975.

The One Hundred Largest Fields in the UnitedStates with Remaining Est imated ProvedReserves of Crude Oil and “Ninety Day” DailyProductive Capacity Estimated as of December37, 1974, American Petroleum Institute, Wash-ington, D. C., June 11, 1975.

Halbouty, Michael T. (Ed.), Geology of GiantPetroleum Fields, American Association ofPetroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Okla., Memoir 14,1970.

California Oil and Gas Fields, California Divisionof Oil and Gas, Sacramento, Calif., 1974.

Annua/ Review of California Oil and Gas Pro-duction, Conservation Commission of Califor-nia Oil Producers, Los Angeles, Calif., 1974.

Contracts and Grants for Cooperation Researchon Enhancement of Recovery of Oil and Gas,U.S. Energy Research and Development Ad-ministration, Wash ington, D. C., ProgressReview Series Nos. 1-5, 1975-76.

Engineering correlation obtained from theEnergy Research and Development Administra-tion, San Francisco Operations Division.

Oil and Gas Resources, Reserves, and Prod-uctive Capacities, Federal Energy Administra-

tion, Washington, D. C., Vol. 2, 1975.

Preliminary Field Test Recommendations andProspective Crude Oil Fie/ds or Reservoirs forHigh Priority Field Testing, Gulf Universit iesResearch Consortium, Houston, Tex., ReportNo. 148, 1976.

National Petroleum Council review of Big FieldsReservoir Data File.

U.S. Crude Oil Data, 1860-1944, N a t i o n a lPetroleum Council, Washington, D. C., Vol. 1,1970.

9.a

9.b

10.

11 .a

11 .b

11 .C

11 .d

12.

“Here are the Big U.S. Reserves,” Oil and Gas)ournal, Jan. 27, 1975, pp. 116-118.

“Enhanced Recovery Production Report, ” Oiland Gas )ournal, Apr. 5, 1976, pp. 108-122.

Special Computer Analysis from PetroleumData System of North America, University ofOklahoma, Norman, Okla.

Field Case Histories, Oil and Gas Reservoirs,Society of Petroleum Engineers, American in-stitute of Mining, Metallurgical, and PetroleumEngineers, Inc., Dallas, Tex., SPE Reprint SeriesNos. 4 and 4a, 1974-75.

Frick, Thomas C. (Ed.), Petroleum ProductionHandbook, Society of Petroleum Engineers,American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, andPetroleum Engineers, Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol 2,1962.

/reproved Oil-Recovery Field Reports, Societyof Petroleum Engineers, American Institute ofMining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers,Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol. 1, Nos. 1-4, 1975-76.

Society of Petroleum Engineers Symposium on/reproved Oil Recovery, Society of PetroleumEngineers, American Institute of Mining,Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.,Dallas, Tex., Preprint Series.

Selected articles from journal of PetroleumTechnology, Oil and Gas )ournal, Oil Daily, Pro-ducer’s Monthly, and World Oil.

Colorado1.

2.

3.

4.

5.a

The One Hundred Largest Fields in the UnitedStates with Remaining Est imated ProvedReserves of Crude Oil and “Ninety Day” Prod-uctive Capacity Estimated as of December 31,1974, American Petroleum Institute, Washing-ton, D. C., June 11, 1975.

Biggs, Paul, and Koch, Charles A., Waterflood-ing of Oil Fields in Colorado, U.S. Dept. of theInterior, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.,1974.

/nternationa/ Oil and Gas Development, interna-tional Oil Scouts Association, Austin, Tex., Part11, vol. 44, 1974.


Parker, J. M. (Ed.), Colorado - Nebraska Oil andGas Field Volume, Rocky Mountain Associationof Geologists, Denver, Colo., 1962.

5.b Jensen, Fred S. (Ed.), The Oil and Gas Fields ofColorado—A Symposium, Rocky MountainAssociation of Geologists, Denver, Colo., 1955.

6. Frick, Thomas C. (Ed.), Petroleum ProductionHandbook, Society of Petroleum Engineers,American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, andPetroleum Engineers, Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol. 2,1962.

Florida

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.a

6.b

Braunstein, Jules (Ed.), North American 0;/ andGas Fields, American Association of PetroleumGeologists, Tulsa, Okla., Memoir 24, 1976.

The One Hundred Largest Fields in the UnitedStates with Remaining Est imated ProvedReserves of Crude Oil and “Ninety Day” DailyProductive Capacity Estimated as of December31, 1974, American Petroleum Institute, Wash-ington, D. C., June 11, 1975,

Oil and Gas Resources, Reserves and ProductiveCapacities, Federal Energy Administration,Washington, D. C., Vol 2, 1975.


“Here Are The Big U.S. Reserves, ” Oil and Gas)ournal, Jan. 27, 1975, pp. 116-118.


Society of Petroleum Engineers Symposium onhnproved 0;/ Recovery, Society of PetroleumEngineers, American Institute of Mining,Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.,Dallas, Tex., Preprint Series.

Illinois

1. Report of Investigations No. 3534, U.S. Bureauof Mines, Washington, D.C.

2. Preliminary Field Test Recommendations andProspective Crude Oil Fields or Reservoirs forHigh Priority Fie/d Testing, Gulf Universit iesResearch Consortium, Houston, Tex., ReportNo. 148, 1976.

3. Geology and Petroleum Production of the /lli-nois Basin, I l l i no i s and I n d i a n a - K e n t u c k y

Geological Societies, 1968.

4.a

4.b

5.

6.a

6.b

7.

8.a

8.b

Appendix A ● 131

Mast, R. F., Size, Development, and Propertiesof ///inois Oil Fields, Ill inois State GeologicalSurvey, Urbana, Ill., 1970.

P e t r o l e u m /ndustry in /1/inois, Il l inois S t a t eGeological Survey, Urbana, Ill., 1975.

/nternationa/ Oil and Gas Development, interna-tional Oil Scouts Association, Austin, Tex., Part11, vol. 44, 1974.

“Enhanced Recovery Production Report, ” Oi/and Gas /ourna/, Apr. 5, 1976, pp. 108-127.



/reproved Oi/-Recovery Field Reports, Societyof Petroleum Engineers, American Institute ofMining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers,Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol. 1, Nos. 1-4, 1975-76.

Society of Petro/eum Engineers Symposium on/rnproved Oil Recovery, Society of PetroleumEngineers, American Institute of Mining,Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.,Dallas, Tex., Preprint Series.

Kansas

1 .a

1.b

1 .C

2.

3.a

3.b

Halbouty, Michael T. (Ed.), Geology of GiantPetroleum Fields, American Association ofPetroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Okla., Memoir 14,1970.

Levorensen, A. 1. (Ed.), Stratigraphic Type OilFields, American Association of PetroleumGeologists, Tulsa, Okla., 1941.

Structure of Typical American Oil F ields,American Association of Petroleum Geologists,Tulsa, Okla., 1929.

Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids andNatural Gas in the United States and Canada,and United States Productive Capacity as ofDecember 31, 1974, Joint publication by theAmerican Gas Association, the AmericanPet ro leum Ins t i tu te , and the CanadianPetroleum Association, Vol. 29, May 1975.

Information Circular Nos. 7750 and 7873, U.S.Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C.

Report of Investigations Nos. 1963 and 6134,U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C.

132 ●

4.

5.

6.a

6.b

6.c

6.d

7.

8.a

8.b

9.

1 O.a

1().b

1 O.c

11.

Appendix A

Contracts and Grants for Cooperative Researchon Enhancement of Recovery of Oil and Gas,U.S. Energy Research and Development Ad-ministration, Wash ington, D. C., ProgressReview Series Nos. 1-5, 1975-76.

/nterna(iona/ Oil and Gas Development, interna-tional Oil Scouts Association, Austin, Tex., Part11, vol. 44, 1974.

Beene, Douglas, L., 1974 Oil and Gas Produc-tion in Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey, TheUniversity of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans., 1976.

Ebanks, W. J., Kansas Oil For Enhanced Recov-ery—A Resource Appraisal, Kansas GeologicalSurvey, The University of Kansas, Lawrence,Kans., 1975.

Communications with Kansas GeologicalSurvey.

Ores, Margaret O., a n d Saile, Donna K . ,Enhanced Oil-Recovery Operations in Kansas,Kansas Geological Survey, The University ofKansas, Lawrence, Kans., 1974.


“Enhanced Recovery Production Report,” Oiland (2Js )ournal, Apr. 5, 1976, pp. 108-127.

“Here Are The Big U.S. Reserves, ” Oi/ and Gas)ournal, Jan. 27, 1975, pp. 116-118.


Frick, Thomas C. (Ed.), Petroleum ProductionHandbook, Society of Petroleum Engineers,American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, andPetroleum Engineers, Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol 2,1962.

hnproved Oil-Recovery Field Reports, Societyof Petroleum Engineers, American Institute ofMining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers,Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol. 1, Nos. 1-4, 1975-76.

Society of Petroleum Engineers Symposium onhnproved Oil Recovery, Society of PetroleumEngineers, American Institute of Mining,Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.,Dallas, Tex., Preprint Series.

Selected art icles from )ourna/ of Petro/eurnTechnology, Oi/ and Gas )ournal, Oi/ Dai/y, Pro-ducer’s Monthly, and World Oil.

Louisiana (Onshore)

1 .a

1.b

2.

3.a

3.b

4.a

4.b

5.a

5.b

6.

7.

Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids andNatural Gas in the United States and Canada,and United States Productive Capacity as ofDecember 37, 7974, Joint publication by theAmerican Gas Association, the Americanpet ro leum Ins t i tu te , and the CanadianPetroleum Association, Vol. 29, May 1975.

The One Hundred Largest Fields in the UnitedStates with Remaining Est imated ProvedReserves of Crude Oil and “Ninety Day” DailyProductive Capacity Estimated as of December31, 7974, American Petroleum Institute, Wash-ington, D. C., Jun~ 11, 1975.

M. E. Hawkins, et. al., Analyses of Brines FromOil Productive Formations in South Arkansasand North Louisiana, U.S. Department of the in-terior, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.,Report of Investigations No. 6282, 1963.

Secondary Recovery and Pressure MaintenanceOperations in Louisiana, Louisiana Departmentof Conservation, Baton Rouge, La., 1973, 1974.

Summary of Field Statistics and Drilling Opera-tions, State of Louisiana, Department of Conser-vation, Baton Rouge, La., 1974.

“Enhanced Recovery Production Report,” Oiland Gas )ourna/, Apr. 5, 1976, pp. 108-127.



Society of Petroleum Engineers Symposium on/reproved Oi/ Recovery, Society of PetroleumEngineers, American Institute of Mining,Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, inc.,Dallas, Tex., Preprint Series.

Formation Water Resistivity Data: South Loui-siana, Offshore and Adjacent Area, Society ofProduction Well Log Analysts, Lafayette, La.

National Petroleum Council Review of BigFields Reservoir Data File.

Louisiana (Offshore)

1. U.S. Geological Survey, Metairie, La.

Mississippi

1.

2.

3.a

3.b

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.a

8.b

9.

Braunstein,Gas Fields,Geologists,

Jules (Ed.), North American Oil andAmerican Association of PetroleumTulsa, Okla., Memoir 24, 1976.

Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids andNatural Gas in the United States and Canada,and United States Productive Capacity as ofDecember 37, j 974, Joint publication by theAmerican Gas Association, the Americanpet ro leum ins t i tu te , and the CanadianPetroleum Association, Vol. 29, May 1975.

Hawkins, M. E., et. al., Analyses of Brines fromOil Productive Formations in Mississippi andAlabama, U.S. Department of the Interior,Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C., Report ofInvestigations No. 6167, 1963.

Personal files of W. Dietzman, U.S. Bureau ofMines, Dallas, Tex.

Oil and Gas Resources, Reserves and ProductiveCapacities, Federal Energy Administration,Washington, D. C., Vol. 2, 1975.

Preliminary Field Test Recommendations andProspective Crude Oil Fields or Reservoirs forHigh Priority Field Testing, Gulf UniversitiesResearch Consortium, Houston, Tex., ReportNo. 148, 1976.

/n(ernational Oil and Gas Development, interna-tional Oil Scouts Association, Austin, Tex., Part11, vol. 44, 1974.

Miss iss ippi Oi l and Gas Bu//etin, Mi s s i s s ipp iState Oil and Gas Board, Jackson, Miss., April1975.

“Enhanced Recovery Production Report,” Oiland Gas )ourna/, Apr. 5, 1976, pp. 108-127.

“Here Are The Big U.S. Reserves,” Oil and Gas)ournal, Jan. 27, 1975, pp. 116-118.

Frick, Thomas C. (Ed.), Petro/eurn ProductionHandbook, Society of Petroleum Engineers,American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, andPetroleum Engineers, Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol. 2,1962.

Montana

1. Braunstein, Jules (Ed.), North American Oil andGas Fiefds, American Association of PetroleumGeologists, Tulsa, Okla., Memoir 24, 1976.

2. Hamke, J. R., et. al. Oil Fields in the WillistonBasin in Montana, North Dakota, and SouthDakota, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau

3.

4.a

4.b

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

-1o.

of Mines, Washington,1966.

Preliminary Field TestProspective Crude Oil

Appendix A ● 133

D. C., Bulletin No. 629,

Recommendations andFields or Reservoirs for

l-lig~ Priority Fie/d Testing, Gulf Un ivers i t iesResearch Consortium, Houston, Tex., ReportNo. 148, 1976.



Annual Review for the Year 7975, State of Mon-tana Oil and Gas Conservation Divis ion,Helena, Mont., 1973, 1976.

“Here Are the Big U.S. Reserves, ” Oil and Gas/ourna/, Apr. 5, 1976, pp. 108-127.


United States Petroleum Through 7980, U.S.Office of Oil and Gas, Washington, D. C., 1968.

Landes, Kenneth K., Petroleum Geology of theUnited States, Wiley -lnterscience, New York,N. Y., 1970.

Ver Wiebe, W. A., North American Petroleum,Wichita, Kans., 1952.

New Mexico

1. Braunstein, Jules (Ed.), North American Oil andGas Fields, American Association of PetroleumGeologists, Tulsa, Okla., Memoir 24, 1976.

2. Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids andNatural Gas in the United States and Canada,and United States Productive Capacity as ofDecember 37, 7974, Joint publication by theAmerican Gas Association, the AmericanPet ro leum Ins t i tu te , and the CanadianPetroleum Association, Vol. 29, May 1975.

3. Oil and Gas Resources, Reserves and ProductiveCapacities, Federal Energy Administration,Washington, D. C., Vol. 2, 1975.

4. Preliminary Field Test Recommendations andProspective Crude Oil Fields or Reservoirs forHigh Priority Field Testing, Gulf Universit ies

134 ●

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.a

12.b

13.

Appendix A

Research Consor t ium, R e p o r t No. 1 4 8 ,

Houston, Tex., 1976.

Secondary Recovery and Pressure MaintenanceProjects in New Mexico, Interstate Oil CompactCommission, Oklahoma City, Okla., 1970.

/international Oil and Gas Development, lntj2rna-tional Oil Scouts Association, Austin, Tex., Part11, vol. 44, 1974.

U.S. C r u d e Oil Data, 7860-7944, N a t i o n a lPetroleum Council, Washington, D. C., Vol 1,1970.



Phifer, Robert L . , New Mexico Petroleum

Review, Phifer Petroleum Publication, Dallas,Tex., 1956.

A Sympos ium of O i l and Gas F ie lds o fSoutheastern New Mexico, Roswell GeologicalSociety, Roswell, N. Mex., 1957, 1960, 1966.

Frick, Thomas C. (Ed.), Petro/eum ProductionHandbook, Society of Petroleum Engineers,American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, andPetroleum Engineers, Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol 2,1962.


C o m m u n i c a t i o n s w i t h S t a t e P e t r o l e u mGeologists.

North Dakota

1. Halbouty, Michael T. (Ed.), Geology of GiantPetroleum Fie/ds, American Association ofPetroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Okla., Memoir 14,1970.

2. Hamke, J. R., et. al., Oil Fields in the Wi//istonBasin in Montana, North Dakota and SouthDakota, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureauof Mines, Washington, D. C., Bulletin No. 629,1966.

3. /international Oil and Gas Development, interna-tional Oil Scouts Association, Austin, Te’k., PartIi, vol. 44, 1974.

4.a Oil and Gas Fields of North Dakota , N o r t hDakota Geological Survey, 1962.

4.b

5.a

5.b

6.

7.

0;1 production Statistics for 7974, North DakotaGeological Society, 1952.

“Enhanced Recovery Production Report, ” 0;/

and Gas )ournal, Vol. 74, No. 14, Apr. 5, 1976,pp. 108-127.

“Enhanced Recovery Production Report,” Oi/and Gas )ourna/, Vol. 74, No. 14, Apr. 5, 1976,pp. 108-127.

Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids andNatural Gas in the United States and Canada,and United States Productive Capacity as ofDecember 31, 7974, Joint publication by theAmerican Gas Association, the AmericanPet ro leum Ins t i tu te , and the CanadianPetroleum Association, Vol. 29, May 1975.


Oklahoma1.

2.a

2.b

3.

4.

5.

6.

Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields, AmericanAssociation of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa,Okla., Memoir 14, 1970.

Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids andNatural Gas in the United States and Canada,and United States Productive Capacity as ofDecember 37, 1974, Joint publication by theAmerican Gas Association, the Americanpet ro leum Ins t i tu te , and the CanadianPetroleum Association, Vol. 29, May 1975.

The One Hundred Largest Fields in the UnitedStates with Remaining Est imated ProvedReserves of Crude Oil and “Ninety Days” DailyProductive Capacity Estimated as of December.37, 7974, American Petroleum Institute, Wash-ington, D. C., June 11, 1975.

Report of Investigations Nos. 2997, 3180, 4450,4917, 5018, 5134, 5316, and 5415, U.S. Bureauof Mines, Washington, D.C.

Contracts and Grants for Cooperative Researchon Enhancement of Recovery of Oil and Gas,U.S. Energy Research and Development Ad-ministrat ion, Wash ington, D. C., ProgressReview Series Nos. 1-5, 1975-76.

Preliminary Field Test Recommendations andProspective Crude Oil Fields or Reservoirs forHigh Priority Field Testing, Gulf Universit iesResearch Consortium, Houston, Tex., ReportNo. 148, 1976.

/nternationa/ Oi/ and Gas Development, interna-tional Oil Scouts Association, Austin, Tex., Part11, vol. 44, 1974.

Appendix A . 735

7.

8.

9.a

9.b

10.

11.

12,

13.a

13.b

13.C

Secondary Recovery and Pressure MaintenanceOperations, The Interstate Oil Compact Com-mission, Oklahoma City, Okla., 1975.

U.S. Crude O;l Data, 1860-1944, N a t i o n a lPetroleum Council, Washington, D. C., Vol. 1,1970.

“Enhanced Recovery Production Report, ” Oiland Gas /ourna/, Apr. 5, 1976, pp. 108-127.


Cramer, Richard D., et. al., 0;/ and Gas Fields ofOklahoma, Oklahoma Geological Survey,Oklahoma City, Okla., 1963.

Special Computer Analysis from PetroleumData System of North American, University ofOklahoma, Norman, Okla.

Special Analysis by Petroleum Information, Inc.,Tulsa, Okla.

Frick, Thomas C. (Ed.), Petroleum ProductionHandbook , Society of Petroleum Engineers,American institute of Mining, Metallurgical, andPetroleum Engineers, Inc., Dal las, Tex., Vol. 2,

1 9 6 2 .

Improved Oil-Recovery Field Reports, Societyof Petroleum Engineers, American Institute ofMining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers,Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol. 1, Nos. 1-4, 1975-76.


Pennsylvania

1. Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids andNatural Gas in the United States and Canada,and United States Productive Capacity as ofDecember 31, 7974, Joint publication by theAmerican Gas Association, the Americanpet ro leum Ins t i tu te , and the CanadianPetroleum Association, Vol. 29, May 1975.

2. Report of Investigations, Nos. 6917, 6942,6943, 7272, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington,D.C.

3. Contracts and Grants for Cooperative Researchon Enhancement of Recovery of Oil and Gas,U.S. Energy Research and Development Ad-ministrat ion, Wash ington, D. C., ProgressReview Series Nos. 1-5, 1975-76.

4. Preliminary Field Test Recommendations andProspective Crude Oil Fields or Reservoirs forHigh Priority Field Testing, Gulf Un ivers i t iesResearch Consortium, Houston, Tex., ReportNo. 148, 1976.

5. U.S. Crude Oil Data, 1860-1944, N a t i o n a lPetroleum Council, Washington, D. C., Vol. 1,1970.

6. “Here Are The Big U.S. Reserves, ” Oil and Gas)ournal, Jan. 27, 1975, pp. 116-118.

7. Frick, Thomas C. (Ed.), Petroleum ProductionHandbook, Society of Petroleum Engineers,American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, andPetroleum Engineers, Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol. 2,1962.

/reproved Oil Recovery Field Reports, Society ofPetroleum Engineers, American Institute of Min-ing, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers,Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol. 1, Nos. 1-4, 1975-76.

8. V e r Wiebe, W. A. , N o r t h A m e r i c a n

Petro/eurn, Wichita, Kans., 1952.

9. Selected articles from journal of PetroleumTechnology, Oil Daily, Oil and Gas journal, Pro-ducer’s Monthly, and World Oil.

10. C o m m u n i c a t i o n s w i t h S t a t e P e t r o l e u mGeologists.

Texas

1 .a Halbouty, Michael T. (Ed.), Geology of GiantPetroleum Fie/ds, American Association ofPetroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Okla., Memoir 14,1970.

1.b Braunstein, Jules (Ed.), North American Oil andGas Fields, American Association of PetroleumGeologists, Tulsa, Okla., Memoir 24, 1976.

2.a Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids andNatural Gas in the United States and Canada,and United States Productive Capacity as ofDecember 31, ?974, Joint publication by theAmerican Gas Association, the AmericanPet ro leum Ins t i tu te , and the CanadianPetroleum Association, Vol. 29, May 1975.

2.b The One Hundred Largest Fields in the UnitedStates with Remain ing Es t imated ProvedReserves of Crude Oil and “Ninety Day” DailyProductive Capacity Estimated as of December37, 1974, American Petroleum Institute, Wash-ington, D. C., June 11, 1975.

136 . Appendix A

3. Hawkins, M. E., et. al., Chernica/ Ana/yses andElectrica/ Resistivities of Oil Field Brines FromFie/ds in East Texas, U.S. Department of the in-terior, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.,Report of Investigations No. 6422, 1964.


5,a Preliminary Field Test Recommendations andProspective Crude Oil Fields or Reservoirs forHigh Priority Fie/d Testing, Gulf Universit iesResearch Consortium, Houston, Tex., ReportNo. 148, 1976.

5.b Assessment of Enhanced Recovery Technologyas a Means /or /ncreasing Total Crude Oi/Recovery in Texas, Gulf Universities ResearchConsortium, The State of Texas, Governor’sEnergy Council.

6. /nternationa/ Oi/ and Gas Development, interna-tional Oil Scouts Association, Austin, Tex., Part11, vol. 44, 1974.

7.a U.S. Crude Oil Data, 1860-7944, N a t i o n a lPetroleum Council, Washington, D. C., Vol. 1,1970.

7.b National Petroleum Council review of Big FieldsReservoir Data File.

8.a “Enhanced Recovery Production Report, ” Oiland Gas Journal, Apr. 5, 1976, pp. 108-127.

8.b “Here Are The Big U.S. Reserves,” Oi/ and Gas)ourna/, Jan. 27, 1975, pp. 116-118.

9. Special Computer Analysis from PetroleumData System of North America, University ofOklahoma, Norman, Okla.

10.a Frick, Thomas C. (Ed.), Petro/eum Product ionHandbook, Society of Petroleum Engineers,American Institute of ,Mining, Metallurgical, andPetroleum Engineers, Inc., Dallas, Tex,, Vol. 2,1962.

10.b. /reproved Oi/-Recovery Fie/d Reports, Societyof Petroleum Engineers, American Institute ofMining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers,inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol. 1, Nos. 1-4, 1975-76.

1 O.c Field Case Histories, Oil and Gas Reservoirs,Society of Petroleum Engineers, American in-stitute of Mining, Metallurgical, and PetroleumEngineers, Inc., Dallas, Tex., Reprint Series Nos.4 and 4a, 1974-75.

Io.d Society of Petroleum Engineers Symposium on/reproved Oi/ Recovery, Society of Petroleum

Engineers, American Institute of Mining,Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.,Dallas, Tex., Preprint Series.

11 .a Annual Production by Active (and /nactive)Fields, Texas Railroad Commission, Oil and GasDivision, Austin, Tex., 1974.

11 .b Maximum Efficiency Rate (MER) Hearing Summ-aries, Texas Railroad Commission, The TexasState House Reporter, Austin, Tex., 1975.

11 .C Secondary Recovery Application Summaries,Texas Railroad Commission, The Texas StateHouse Reporter, Austin, Tex., 1973, 1974.

11 .d A Survey of Enhanced Recovery Operations inTexas, Texas Railroad Commission, Oil and GasDivision, Austin, Tex., 1972.

Utah

1. Braunstein, Jules (Ed.), North American Oil andGas Fields, American Association of PetroleumGeologists, Tulsa, Okla., Memoir 24, 1976.

2. Reserves of Crude oil, Natural Gas Liquids andNatural Gas in the United States and Canada,and United States Productive Capacity as ofDecember 31, 7974, Joint publication by theAmerican Gas Association, the AmericanPet ro leum Ins t i tu te , and the CanadianPetroleum Association, Vol. 29, May 1975.

3. Report of Investigations No. 5511 and 6196,U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C.


5. A Symposium of the Oil and Gas Fields of Utah,In termounta in Associat ion of Pet ro leumGeologists, 1961.

6. /nternationa/ Oi/ and Gas Development, interna-tional Oil Scouts Association, Austin, Tex., Part11, vol. 44, 1974.

7. “Here Are the Big U.S. Reserves, ” Oi/ and Gas/ourna/, Jan. 27, 1975, pp. 116-118.

8. Special Computer Analysis from PetroleumData System of North America, University ofOklahoma, Norman, Okla.

9. Halbouty, Michael T. (Ed.), Geo/ogy of GiantPetroleum Fields, American Association ofPetroleum Geologists, Tulsa, C)kla., Memoir 14,1970.

10. Plain Facts About Oil and Gas in Utah, UtahGeological and Mineral Survey, 1965.

West

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Virginia

Reserves of Crude Oil Natural Gas Liquids andNatural Gas in the United States and Canada,and United States Productive Capacity as ofDecember 31, 7974, Joint publication by theAmerican Gas Association, the AmericanPet ro leum Ins t i tu te , and the CanadianPetroleum Association, Vol. 29, May 1975.

Contracts and Grants for Cooperative Researchon Enhancement of Recovery of Oi/ and Gas,U.S. Energy Research and Development Ad-ministrat ion, Wash ington, D. C., ProgressReview Series Nos. 1-5, 1975-76.

Secondary Recovery Operations West Virginiato )anuary 7, 1960, Interstate Cil CompactCommission, Oklahoma City, Okla., 1961.


Selected articles from )ourna/ of PetroleumTechnology, Oil and Gas )ournal, Oil Daily, Pro-ducer’s Monthly, and World Oil.


W y o m i n g

1. Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids andNatural Gas in the United States and Canada,and United States Productive Capacity as ofDecember 31, 1974, Joint publication by theAmerican Gas Association, the AmericanPet ro leum Ins t i tu te , and the CanadianPetroleum Association, Vol. 29, May 1975.

2. Biggs, Paul and Espach, Ralph H., Petro/eum andNatural Gas Fie/ds in Wyoming, U.S. Depart-ment of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Pt’ashing-ton, D.C. Bulletin No. 582, 1960.


4.

5.

6.

7.a

7.b

8.a

8.b

8.c

9.

10.

11.

Appendix A ● 137

Preliminary Field Test Recommendations andProspective Crude Oil Fields or Reservoirs forHigh Priority Fie/d Testing, Gulf Un ivers i t iesR e s e a r c h C o n s o r t i u m , R e p o r t No. 148,Houston, Tex., 1976.

/nterna(ional Oil and Gas Development, interna-tional Oil Scouts Association, Austin, Tex., Part1[, vol. 44, 1974.


“Here Are The Big U.S. Reserves,” Oil and Gaslourna/, Jan. 27, 1975, pp. 116-118.

“Enhanced Recovery Production Report,” TheOil and Gas /ourna/, Vol. 74, No. 14, Apr. S,1976, pp. 108-127.

Frick, Thomas C. (Ed.), Petro/eum ProductionHandbook, Society of Petroleum Engineers,American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, andPetroleum Engineers, Inc., Dallas, Tex., Vol. 2,1962.

Field Case Histories, Oi/ and Gas Reservoirs,Society of Petroleum Engineers, American in-stitute of Mining, Metallurgical, and PetroleumEngineers, Inc., Dallas, Tex., SPE Reprint SeriesNos. 4 and 4a, 1974-75.


W y o m i n g Oil and Gas Fie/ds Sympos;um,Wyoming Geological Association, Caspar,Wyo. 1957, 1961, 1969.

Wyoming 0// and Gas Stat/sties, The WyomingOil and Gas Conservation Commission, Caspar,Wyo., 1975.

Selected art icles from journal of petro/eumTechnology, Oil and Gas )ournal, Oil Daily, Pro-ducer’s Monthly, and Wor/d Oi/.

138 ● Appendix A

Analysis of Reservoirs in Data Base To DetermineAmount and Distribution of Remaining Oil

Distribution of the Original Oil in Place

Reservoirs frequently taper out near theperimeter of the productive acreage. The OTAdata base did not contain data which would ap-proximate variation of thickness or oil saturationwith a real position. For the purposes of this studyit was assumed that 95 percent of the original oilin place was contained in 80 percent of the reser-voir acreage. 2 All enhanced oil recovery (EOR)projects were developed in this “richer” portionof the reservoir. This assumption was imple-mented in individual reservoir calculations by in-creasing the net oil sand in the richer portion ofthe reservoir.

Volume of Oil Remaining

The oil resource for EOR processes is the oilwhich is not recovered by primary and secondarymethods. The OTA data contained estimates ofthe original oil in place as well as the reserves at-tributed to current operations. Reserves wereconsidered to be the maximum attainable fromeach reservoir without application of enhancedrecovery methods. It was assumed that regions

which could be waterflooded economically havebeen or are now under development. Thus, infilldrilling would be considered to accelerate theproduction of known reserves rather than to addnew reserves.

Distribution of the RemainingOil Resource

Two models were used to approximate thedistribution of the oil resource which remains forpotential recovery processes.

Reservoirs With Limited WaterfloodResponse

Reservoirs which were candidates for thermalr e c o v e r y p r o c e s s e s w e r e t h o s e w h e r ewaterflooding has not been applied successfullyover an appreciable portion of the reservoir. Theoil resource at the beginning of thermal recoveryoperations was assumed to be distributeduniformly throughout each reservoir. The averageoil saturation at this point was computed usingequation 1A, which represents a material balanceover the reservoir volume.

where

S 0 2 = material balance, average oil saturationS o i = oil saturation in the reservoir at discov-

eryN =estimated initial oil in place, stock-tank

barrelsN P = ultimate oil recovery by primary and

secondary methods in stock-tank barrelsBoi = oil formation volume factor at initial

pressure. Ratio of volume occupied bythe oil at reservoir conditions to thev o l u m e o f o i l w h i c h w o u l d b erecovered at the surface at stock-tankconditions

BO = oil formation volume factor at the reser-voir pressure which exists when N P

stock-tank barrels are produced.

The OTA data base did not contain values ofB 0 for every reservoir but since reservoir tem-peratures were available the value of BO was setat the value corresponding to thermal expansionat reservoir temperature. Equations 2A and 3Aderived from the correlations of Katz3 were usedto estimate BO:

~R~~search and Development In Enhanced 0;/ Recovery,Final Report, The Methodology, U.S. Energy Research andDevelopment Administration, Part 3 of 3, p. V-4, E R D A77-.?07 1, December 1976.

‘1. W. Amyx, D.M. Bass, a n d R.L. Whit ing, Petro/eumReservoir Engineering p. 429, McGraw Hill Book Company(1 960).

Appendix A . 739

2A

3A

where

API = stock-tank oil gravity in degrees APIT R = reservoir temperature, “F.

There were insufficient data to estimate changesin BO from dissolved gas.

Several large reservoirs in California do nothave uniform oil saturation in all portions of thereservoir. Reservoirs which were known to haveoil saturation distributions were identified bymembers of the Technology Task Force of theNational Petroleum Council (NPC) study. Thesedata were available for the OTA study. However,it was not feasible to subdivide the reservoirs inthe economic model. Subdivision of the reser-voirs would change the price versus ultimaterecovery projections but would not alter the ulti-mate recovery.

Reservoirs Under Natural Water Drive or theWaterflooding Process

The carbon dioxide (CO2 miscible processand the surfactant/polymer process will probablybe applied in reservoirs where waterflooding—either through natural water influx or water injec-tion-has been successful. The entire reservoirvolume is not swept by a waterflood. Conse-quently, there is a distribution of oil saturationwhich varies from essentially initial oil saturationin regions not swept by water to a residual oilsaturation in the volume swept by the water.

The oil recovery models for both CO2 miscibleand surfactant/polymer processes assume thatthe processes will be contacting residual oil insome portions of the volume swept by thewaterflood. It is necessary to estimate thevolume of this region as well as the residual oilsaturation. Although these two parameters arenot known for every reservoir, it is possible todevelop a relationship between them for certainsituations.

The data base contains estimates of the initialoil in place, oil recovered by primary and second-

ary processes, and the formation volume factorsat initiation and end of primary and secondaryrecovery. If these data are considered correct, thevolumetric sweep efficiency and the averageresidual saturation in the region swept by waterare related by equation 4A.

— .

4A

where

E vm = volumetric sweep efficiency of ther

waterflood, fraction of the reservoirswept by the waterflood

s orw = average oil saturation in the reservoirvolume swept by the waterflood

Other terms were defined in equation 1A.

Equation 4A was derived from an overallmaterial balance on the reservoir in which 1 ) allportions of the reservoir are considered hy-draulically connected, 2) regions not swept bythe waterflood are resaturated to the initial oilsaturation at the current reservoir pressure, and 3)the rock pore volume is invariant with pressure.

Neither SO rw nor Evm were available in the database. Estimates of Sorw on a geological andregional basis were made in the NPC study onenhanced oil recovery using the study group’sgeneral knowledge of the reservoirs in the Lewindata base and experience in similar reservoirswhich were not included in the data base. Basedon this knowledge, a residual oil saturation of 20,25, or 30 percent was assigned to each reservoirin Texas, Louisiana, or California which was acandidate for surfactant/polymer or C02 miscibleprocesses.

The Office of Technology Assessment in-vestigated the validity of these estimates throughdiscussion with members of the NPC study groupand review of the technical literature. Additionaldata were obtained from a committee preparing abook on residual oil saturations for the InterstateOil Compact Commission. 4 Personal inquiries

~Personal communicatifm with Lincoln Elkins, November1976.

140 . Appendix A

were made to companies and/or personnel whodid not participate in the selection of specificvalues for the NPC study but who had knowledgeof the properties of reservoirs in the NPC/Lewindata base.

The following conclusions were reached:

●

●

●

●

There are a relatively small number of reser-voirs where estimated values of the residualoil saturation have been confirmed with in-dependent methods of measurement.

Values of the residual oil saturation assignedby the NPC study group are consistent withthe information which was available in thepublic literature and obtained through per-sonal inquiry. Specific reservoirs within aregion are likely to vary from the assignedvalues, but this variation is believed to bewithin the uncertainty of the estimates.

The uncertainty in the residual oil saturationestimates is significant. The uncertainty isprimarily due to inadequate measurementtechniques and limited application of exist-ing methods. As a result, it is not uncom-mon to find technical personnel in differentoperating divisions of the same companywhose estimates of the residual oil satura-tion in a particular reservoir differ by 5saturation percentage points.

Residual oil saturations in the region sweptby water are judged to be known with morecertainty than the volumetric sweep effi-ciency, The OTA study group accepted theNPC assignment of residual oil saturation forthose reservoirs which were also in the NPCbase case. Reservoirs not in this categorywere assigned saturations indicated in tableA-1 .

Two const ra ints were imposed on thevolumetric sweep efficiencies computed fromequation 4A using the residual oil saturations in ta-ble A-1.

The maximum sweep efficiency of awaterflood was considered to be 90 percentof the reservoir volume. If the computed Evm

was larger than 0.9, the value of Evm was setto 0,9 and the value of SORW was computedfrom equation 4A for the reservoir.

Table A-1Average Oil Saturation in the Region Swept by

WaterfloodRegion s orwTexas District 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20South Louisiana, Offshore Texas Districts

1,2,4,5, and 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.25California, North Louisiana, the balance of Texas, and

all other States. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.30

The minimum volumetric sweep efficien-

cy of a waterflood was considered to be 40

percent in California and 50 percent in allother reservoirs. If the computed EVm w a sless than the minimum value, the appropri-ate minimum was assigned to Evm and the

value of Sorw computed from equation 4A wasassigned to the reservoir.

Consistency of Oil Resource Estimates WithThose Implied by Other Studies

The approach used in the NPC study involvedassignment of both volumetric sweep efficiencyand residual oil saturation for each reservoir. Thisled to overstatement of the resource when theultimate production data were also known.However, ultimate production data were notavailable to the NPC Technology Task Force forevery reservoir in the NPC data base.

The initial oil in place (N) for reservoirs used inthe NPC study was computed by OTA by insert-ing NPC-assigned sweep efficiencies and residualoil saturations in equation 4A. Ultimate productionfor each reservoir was included in the data base sothat the initial oil in place could be computed fromequation 4A. The resulting values of the ini-tial oil in place were significantly different from

values in the data base. Differences were par-ticularly large (>10 percent) in California. Thedifference could be attributed to either over-statement of the initial oil in place or understate-ment of the ultimate production. Informationgained from contacts with oil industry personnelfamiliar with certain reservoirs was used toreevaluate the methods used by Lewin andAssociates, Inc., to determine the initial oil satura-tions. Revisions of this analysis led to the reductionof oil-in-place estimates by 3.5 billion barrels inCalifornia.

Appendix A ● 141

Reservoirs assigned to one set of OTA runs for

C 02 miscible and surfactant/polymer processes

were analyzed to determine if there were large

differences between the init ial oi l- in-place esti-

mates in the data base and those computed byusing NPC sweep eff iciencies and residual oi l

saturations in equation 4A. Results extrapolated

to national totals are summarized in table A-2.

The comparison in table A-2 indicates adifference of about 10 percent between esti-mates for the surfactant/polymer reservoirs. Thisis within the range of uncertainty. The differenceapproaches 30 percent for reservoirs which wereC 02 candidates. However, as indicated in thesection on Discussion 01 Results (page 46) inchapter III, the effect on calculated oil recoveryby the CO2 miscible process was minimal.

Table A-2Comparison of initial Oil in Place Computed forEstimates of Sweep Efficiency and Residual Oil

Saturations

Reservoirs in Surfactant/Polymer Economic Evaluation

Original oil in place from OTA database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . 51.2 billion barrels

Original oil in place determined frommaterial balance calculations usingNPC sweep efficiency and residualoil saturations . . . . . . . . 46.4 billion barrels

Difference—surfactant/polymer reser-voirs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 billion barrels

Reservoirs in CO2 Miscible Economic Evaluation

Original oil in place in OTA data base 93. s billion barrelsOriginal oil in place determined from

material balance calculations usingNPC sweep efficiency and residualoil saturations . . . . . . 130.0 billion barrels

Difference-CO 2 miscible reservoirs . . 36.5 billion barrels

enhanced oil recovery potential in the united states (part 9

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