enhancing labeling, standards and certification for sustainable, organic and ecological agriculture...

8/2/2019 Enhancing Labeling, Standards and Certification for Sustainable, Organic and Ecological Agriculture in the Philippines

1/26

=

IELMEO@ED KMJIK@ED+_^MENMZN_ MEN

OIZ^@A@OM^@CE ACZ _Y_^M@EMJKI+CZDME@O

MEN IOCKCD@OMK MDZ@OYK^YZI @E ^LIXL@K@XX@EI_

^l`s xmxiz tms xzixmzin acz ~li Tczbslcx ce Niqikcxfie~ ca _~menmzn men Oiz~àòm~`ce

_ps~if acz Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzmk Xzcnyo~ssxcesczin jp ~li Ms`me Xzcnyo~`q`~p Czdme`wm~`ce

,MXC men ~li @en`m Em~`cemk Xzcnyo~`q`~p Ocyeo`k~c ji likn èEit Nikl`+ @en`m ce Fmp =1&

:8+ :8==%

Tz`~~ie Jp7

Zckmen D% Omj`dms+ Fmemdèd N`zio~cz ca ~li Km K`dm Xckòp @es~`~y~i men m Oc&Oceqiecz men

limn ca siozi~mz`m~+ Dc Czdmeò- Xl`k`xxèis% Li tms m fifjiz ca ~li îoleòmk Tczbèd

~lm~ aczfykm~in ~li @fxkifie~èd Zykis men Zidykm~`ce ca ~li Xl`k`xxèi Czdmeò

Mdzòyk~yzi Mo~ ca :8=8%

men

Zmolmik C% Fczmkm+ Nixy~p Fmemdèd N`zio~cz ca ~li Km K`dm Xckòp @es~`~y~i% _li lms

i|~ies`qi i|xizìeoi è xzcgio~ Niqikcxfie~ men Fmemdifie~% Mfced liz xyjk`slin

tczbs èokyni7 Ielmeoèd ^m|m~`ce ce @nki Mdzòyk~yzmk Kmens2 men+ Ec~ Fyol ^`fi+ Jy~ Ec~T`~lcy~ Cx~`ces7 M Ziqìt ca ~li Xl`k`xxèis Xzcdziss ce Molìqèd ~li FND ce

Ieq`zcefie~ _ys~mèmj`k`~p%

T`~l Zisimzol Mss`s~meoi Azcf7

Zmxlmik Bz`s~caa F% Jmkmnmn+ Xzcgio~ Mss`s~me~ ca ~li Km K`dm Xckòp @es~`~y~i acz xzcgio~s ce

czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi men zyzmk niqikcxfie~%

Zimdme Gcle Dmjzìk+ Mssco`m~i Ieq`zcefie~ Omfxm`deiz ca ~li Km K`dm Xckòp @es~`~y~i men

~li Xzcgio~ Mss`s~me~ ca ~li Mk~izem~`qi Jyndi~ @e`~`m~`qi & Ieq`zcefie~ Okys~iz%

Czsce Giaa F% Emqikèc+ Xzcgio~ Mss`s~me~ ca ~li Km K`dm Xckòp @es~`~y~i acz ~li FND

Xm~ltmps men ~li Zid`ce = FND Mooikizm~`ce Xzcgio~s%

Tz`~~ie acz7

KM K@DM XCK@OP @E_^@^YÎ ,Km K`dm) `s m niqikcxfie~ czdme`wm~`ce iedmdin è

ziaczf è~izqie~`ces xzcfc~èd iaaio~`qi dcqizemeoi ~ctmzns sys~mèmjki

niqikcxfie~% Acz fczi eaczfm~`ce xkimsi dc ~c ttt%kmk`dmx`k`xèms%czd%

Dc Czdmeò- Xl`k`xxèis`s m fcqifie~ ca xicxkis czdme`wm~`ces+ ece&

dcqizefie~ czdme`wm~`ces+ fifjizs ca ~li momnifi men kcomk dcqizefie~caaò`mks ~lm~ m`fs ~c sps~ifm~òmkkp xzcfc~i czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi è ~li


2/26

:

Xl`k`xxèis% Acz fczi èaczfm~`ce xkimsi dc ~c ttt% dcczdmeòxl`k`xxèis%ocf%


3/26

?

I|ioy~`qi _yffmzp

_ys~mèmjki+ czdmeò men iockcdòmk ,_CI mdzòyk~yzi è ~li Xl`k`xxèis ~cnmp `s s~imn`kp

jièd fmès~zimfin è caaò`mk dcqizefie~ xckòp ms m bip s~zm~idp acz jzcmn jmsin dzct~l

men niqikcxfie~% @~ `s m olmedi s~zm~idp ~lm~ m`fs m~ mnnzissèd ~li kced s~menèd

xzcjkifs amoin jp ~li sio~cz èokynèd ,m niokèèd amzf xzcnyo~`q`~p2 ,j niokèèd èocfis+èozimsèd ènij~ineiss men xizs`s~ie~ xcqiz~p mfced amzfizs men a`slizackbs2 ,o èozimsin

limk~l z`sbs ca amzfs men ~li ocesyfèd xyjkò2 men+ ,nni~iz`czm~èd ocen`~`ce ca ~li

ieq`zcefie~%

Tl`ki ~li Xl`k`xxèi dcqizefie~ lms ~mbie ~li `fxcz~me~ s~ixs è niaèèd ~li xckòp

ieq`zcefie~+ ès~`~y~èd xzcdzmfs men iqie mkkcom~èd aèmeo`mk ziscyzois acz ~li xzcfc~`ce

ca _CI mdzòyk~yzi+ ~lizi zifmès fyol tczb ~c ji ncei è ~izfs ca lmzfce`wèd mkk

mqm`kmjki xckòp ~ccks ~c fmzbinkp oce~z`jy~i ~c ~li sxiinp f`dzm~`ce ca mdzòyk~yzi è ~li

ocye~zp azcf jièd xzincfème~kp oceqie~`cemk ~c jièd xzincfème~kp _CI% ^l`s èokynis

ielmeoèd ~li xckòp men zidykm~`ces dcqizeèd kmjikèd+ s~menmzns men oiz~àòm~`ce%

Ms syol `~ `s oz`~òmk acz ~li ocye~zp ~c lmqi è xkmoi m ocfxzilies`qi men tikk niaèin

kmjikèd+ s~menmzns men oiz~àòm~`ce sps~if ~lm~ t`kk mnnziss ~li ackkctèd sco`mk men

iocecfò cjgio~`qis7 ,m acz xzcnyoizs+ ji~~iz xzòis acz ~li`z xzcnyo~s ms tikk ms ~li slà~ è

ocesyfiz xziaizieoi2 ,j acz ocesyfizs+ ji~~iz èaczfin olcòis men xzc~io~`ce azcf

yesozyxykcys sikkizs2 men+ ,o acz ~li xyjkò men scoì~p è dieizmk+ `fxzcqin tikamzi+ è

~izfs ca limk~l men ~li ieq`zcefie~% @~ slcykn ec~ s`fxkp sizqi ms m zidykm~czp ès~zyfie~

m`fin m~ ocesyfiz xzc~io~`ce% @~ slcykn ji me è~idzmk ocfxceie~ ca dcqizefie~s

èoie~`qi s~zyo~yzi acz _CI mdzòyk~yzi xzcnyoizs ms tikk%

Ocesi}yie~kp+ ~lizi `s m eiin ~c niqikcx m kmjikèd+ s~menmzns men oiz~à om~`ce xckòp ~lm~,m ziocde`wis ~li oyzzie~ s~m~i ca _CI mdzòyk~yzi è ~li Xl`k`xxèis2 men+ ,j ieocyzmdi men

xzcq`ni xzòi men fmzbi~ èoie~`qis acz mdzòyk~yzi xzcnyoizs men amzfizs tlc mzi slà~èd

~c men xyzsyèd _CI mdzòyk~yzi%

Ms `~ `s oyzzie~kp azmfin ~li oyzzie~ xckòp ieq`zcefie~ ce kmjikèd+ s~menmzns men

oiz~àòm~`ce cekp oce~z`jy~is ~c ~lisi niaèin dcmks men cjgio~`qis è m k`f`~in tmp% Ms syol

~lisi xckòìs fys~ ji ielmeoin% @e ~li `ffin`m~i+ ~lizi `s m eiin yxnm~i ~li Xl`k`xxèi

Em~`cemk _~menmzn ce Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi men m eiin ~c ziqìt ~li xzisoz`jin ~zmes`~`ce

xiz`cn tlòl t`kk iqie~ymkkp n`smkkct ece&~l`zn xmz~p oiz~àòm~`ce acz czdmeò xzcnyo~s è ~li

ocye~zp%

Fczi `fxcz~me~kp+ lctiqiz+ ~lizi `s m eiin ~c niqikcx men ès~`~y~i kmjikèd+ s~menmzns men

oiz~àòm~`ce acz xzcnyo~s ca amzfs s~`kk ce ~li`z ~zmes`~`ce ~c jiocfèd aykkp czdmeò%

Mdzòyk~yzi xzcnyo~ kmjikèd slcykn+ è amo~+ i|~ien ~c zi}y`zèd xzcnyo~s dzcte ysèd

oceqie~`cemk ~ioleckcdìs ~c ji kmjikin t`~l mxxzcxz`m~i èaczfm~`ce ce aiz~`k`wizs men

xis~ò`ni ~lip y~`k`win%

@e ncèd sc+ mdzòyk~yzmk xzcnyo~ kmjikèd+ s~menmzns men oiz~àòm~`ce+ sizqis m oce~z`jy~èd

zm~liz ~lme m lènizèd#k`f`~èd amo~cz è ~izfs ca molìqèd ~li ocye~zps mdzòyk~yzi sio~cz

dzct~l men niqikcxfie~%


4/26

>

=%8 Jzìa Cqizqìt ca ~li Xl`k`xxèi Mdzòyk~yzi _`~ym~`ceTl`ki ~li Xl`k`xxèi lms jiie ca~ie nisoz`jin ms m xz`fmz`kp mdzòyk~yzmk iocecfp+ m ziqìt

ca ocye~zps eocfi moocye~s slcts ~li niokèèd slmzi ca mdzòyk~yzi+ a`slizp men aczis~zp

xzcnyo~`ce ~c ~li ocye~zps dzcss ncfis~ò xzcnyo~ ,DNX% @e ~li sxme ca :9 pimzs+ sio~cz

slmzi ca mdzòyk~yzi ~c DNX `s ncte ~c =1%< xizoie~ jp :8=8 azcf mkfcs~ :9 xizoie~ è =0

&:

8

:

>

1

8)

98)

18)

48)

=001 =00< :888 :88: :88> :881 :88< :8=8

Olmz~ @% DNX jp @enys~zp Cz`dè,è ) ca ~c~mk

Mdzòyk~yzi _io~cz @enys~zp _io~cz _izq ois _io~cz


5/26

9

xiz`cn ca l`dl dzct~l+ ackkctin jp m ~tc ,: pimz niokèi è DQM dzct~l t`~l ~li ~l`zn pimz

è ~li opoki xcs~èd ~li kctis~ DQM dzct~l zm~i% ^lizi mzi ~tc i|oix~ ces% @e :88>+ m

xiz`cn ca l`dl dzct~l tms ziocznin ès~imn ca ~li ysymk kct dzct~l ce ~li ~l`zn pimz ca ~li

opoki tl`ki è :8=8+ DQM dzct~l zm~i nzcxxin ~c &8%9: xizoie~ ès~imn ca me i|xio~in

xiz`cn ca l`dl dzct~l%

@e :8=8+ ~li mdzòyk~yzi+

a`slizp men aczis~zp sio~cz

ifxkcpin mkfcs~ =: f`kk`ce

èn`q`nymks moocye~èd acz

?? xizoie~ ca ~c~mk

ifxkcpfie~ è ~li

ocye~zp% Cqiz ~li xms~ ~ie

pimzs+ ~lizi `s m skct jy~

s~imnp niozimsi è

mdzòyk~yzi sio~czifxkcpfie~%

Ocfxcyenèd ~li

olmkkiedis amoin jp ~li

Xl`k`xxèi mdzòyk~yzi

sio~cz `s ~li amo~ ~lm~ `~

moocye~s acz fmgcz`~p ca ~li Xl`k`xxèis xcczis~+ me is~`fm~in 11 xizoie~% Xl`k`xxèi amzfs

mzi olmzmo~iz`win jp s~mdem~èd xzcnyo~`q`~p men niokèèd amzfizs eocfi% Ce ~li mqizmdi

meeymk èocfi ca amzf lcysilckns mzi mkfcs~ ?8 xizoie~ kctiz ~lme ~li mqizmdi amf`kp

èocfi è ~li Xl`k`xxèis% Xcqiz~p èo`nieoi mfced a`slizackbs men amzfizs mzi is~`fm~inm~ >0%0 xizoie~ men >>

xizoie~ zisxio~`qikp%=

^li s~mzb `zcep ca

Xl`k`xxèi mdzòyk~yzi `s

jis~ i|ifxkàìn jp `~s

zòi ènys~zp% Jp :880+

~li Xl`k`xxèis s~men ms

~li


6/26

1

~li n`zi s`~ym~`ce ca ~li ocye~zps mdzòyk~yzi sio~cz ce ~li timbeissis è xyjkò xckòp+

xzcdzmf syxxcz~ men es~`~y~`cemk ieq`zcefie~%?

^lisi èokyni èmni}ym~i xyjkò

èqis~fie~s è oz`~òmk kcomk zyzmk èazms~zyo~yzi k`bi `zz`dm~`ce2 xcs~&lmzqis~ amo`k`~ìs men

i}y`xfie~2 ~ioleckcdp omxmo`~p jy`knèd m~ ~li kcomk cz ocffye`~p kiqik2 zisimzol men

niqikcxfie~2 omx`~mk men ozin`~ mss`s~meoi2 men+ xzcnyo~ niqikcxfie~ men fmzbi~èd

syxxcz~%

M~ ~li oczi ca ~li mdzòyk~yzi sio~czs xzcjkif `s ~li am`kin xzcf`si ca fcnize oceqie~`cemk

mdzòyk~yzi% Acz ~li xms~ >8 pimzs ~li Xl`k`xxèi dcqizefie~s xzcdzmf acz mdzòyk~yzi lms

jiie meolczin ce ~li Dziie Ziqcky~`ce% ^l`s lms s~zyo~yzmkkp slmxin ~li xzmo~òi ca

mdzòyk~yzi è ~li ackkctèd tmps7 ,m èozimsi è zòi fcec&ozcxxèd2 ,j èozimsi è ~li ysi

ca lpjz`n siin qmzì~ìs2 ,o èozimsi è ~li ysi ca olifòmk aiz~`k`wizs2 ,n èozimsi è ~li ysi

olifòmk xis~ò`nis2 men+ ,i èozimsi è ~li ysi ca xctiz~`kkizs%>

T`~lè ~l`s sps~if amzfizs ènij~ineiss lms èozimsin2 ei~ èocfi ca amzfizs lmqi

niokèin2 limk~l z`sbs mfced amzfizs azcf ~li ysi ca olifòmk aiz~`k`wizs men xis~ò`nisèozimsin2 men+ limk~l z`sbs mfced ~li dieizmk xyjkò nyi ~c zis`nymk olifòmk oce~ie~ ca

accn xzcnyo~s èozimsin% @e mnn`~`ce+ olifòmk è~ies`qi amzfèd lms oce~z`jy~in ~c m~ kims~

?? xizoie~ ca ~li

ocye~zps dziie

lcysi dms if`ss`ces%9

^li okmfcz ~c iaaio~

m nio`s`qi slà~ è

xyjkò xckòp ~ctmzns

fmès~zimfèd

sys~mèmjki+ czdmeò

men iockcdòmk

mdzòyk~yzi sps~ifs

jidme imzkìz ce men

li`dl~iein nyzèd

~li f`n =0 Wmfczm ,:880%9

Fiz`km+ F%D%M%N% ,:88=%


7/26

4

_ys~mèmjki+ czdmeò men iockcdòmk ,_CI mdzòyk~yzi `s m jzcmn jmsin dzct~l men

niqikcxfie~ s~zm~idp m`fin m~ ziq`~mk wèd ~li akm`kèd Xl`k`xxèi mdzòyk~yzi sio~cz% @e

xmz~òykmz+ `~ siibs ~c mnnziss siqizmk è~iz&kèbin cjgio~`qis71

@fxzcqèd amzf xzcnyo~`q`~p xz`fmz`kp mnnzissèd ~li xcqiz~p s`~ym~`ce ca amzfizs% Gcjdieizm~`ce è ~li mdzòyk~yzi sio~cz ome cekp ji molìqin à ~li sio~cz jiocfis m q`mjkik`qik`lccn acz amzfizs+ amzf tczbizs men amzfèd ocffye`~ìs%

@eozimsin amzfizs èocfi zisyk~ azcf ielmeoin omxmo`~p ca amzfizs+ maacznmj`k`~p caamzf#xzcnyo~`ce èxy~s+ ozcx n`qizsàòm~`ce men z`sb fmemdifie~ mfced c~lizs% Q`mjki

amzfs jccs~ cqiz&mkk mdzòyk~yzmk xzcnyo~`q`~p+ ocfxi~`~`qieiss men yk~`fm~ikp

oce~z`jy~èd ~c em~`cemk accn sioyz`~p%

Mxmz~ azcf oce~z`jy~èd ~c mdzòyk~yzmk xzcnyo~`q`~p+ _CI mdzòyk~yzi mksc fè`f`wislimk~l z`sbs ca amzfizs ~lm~ mzi zixim~inkp i|xcsin ~c ~c|ò men lmwmzncys fm~iz`mks

zisyk~èd azcf oceqie~`cemk olifòmk è~ies`qi amzfèd xzmo~òis%

Fmbèd mqm`kmjki mdzòyk~yzmk xzcnyo~s azcf _CI mksc xzcfc~i cqiz&mkk accn meney~z`~`ce sioyz`~p ca ~li ocye~zp% M slà~ ~c yexck`slin zòi ome lmqi me `ffin`m~i

`fxmo~ ce ~li zòi s~cob ocesi}yie~kp zòi sika syaaòìeop ~mzdi~s ca ~li ocye~zp%

Is~`fm~in kcss nyi ~c f`kkèd+ tlie slà~èd ~c yexck`slin zòi+ `s zinyoin jp :8 xizoie~%

_CI mdzòyk~yzi xzcnyo~s mzi mksc limk~lìz sèoi `~ ncis ec~ ysi olifòmk èxy~s%

_CI mdzòyk~yzi ome oce~z`jy~i ~c niqikcxèd me i|xcz~ eòli acz ~li ocye~zpsmdzòyk~yzmk xzcnyoi d`qie ~li dzctèd dkcjmk nifmen acz czdmeò men czdmeòmkkp dzcte

xzcnyo~s% Qmkyi&mnnèd ome mksc ji è~idzm~in ~c _CI mdzòyk~yzi d`qie ~li dzctèd

dkcjmk nifmen acz czdmeò men czdmeòmkkp dzcte lizjmk men finòèmk xzcnyo~s%

T`~l _CI amzfèd men xzcnyo~`ce sps~ifs ocfjèin t`~l ~zmn`~`cemk men èn`diecysamzfizs xzmo~òi men bectkindi+ ~li ocxèd men mnmx~`qi omxmo`~p ca amzfs è jy`knèd

zis`kìeoi ~c ok`fm~i zikm~in `fxmo~s ome ji èozimsin men ~li qykeizmj`k`~p men z`sbs ome

ji sxzimn men fè`f`win%

:%8 Zioie~ Niqikcxfie~s ce _ys~mèmjki+ Czdmeò men Iockcdòmk Mdzòyk~yzi ,_CI) è~li Xl`k`xxèis

^li xms~ niomni smt ~li ès~`~y~`cemk`wm~`ce ca kmenfmzb em~`cemk xckòp è`~`m~`qis ce

czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi è ~li Xl`k`xxèis% Xzcq`nèd s`deàòme~ oce~z`jy~`ce ~c ~lisi dmès mzi

~li ece& dcqizefie~ czdme`wm~`ces ,EDCs+ o`~`wie kimnizs+ olyzol xicxki men ~li momnifi

tlc lmqi tczbin men mnqcom~in acz ~li fmès~zimfèd ca sys~mèmjki+ czdmeò iockcdòmk

mdzòyk~yzi ms ~li mxxzcxz`m~i niqikcxfie~ s~zm~idp acz Xl`k`xxèi mdzòyk~yzi%

1

Mncx~èd _ys~mèmjki+ Czdmeò men Iockcdòmk Mdzòyk~yzi ms m Xz`cz`~p _~zm~idp acz Jzcmn&Jmsin Dzct~l acz~li Olmx~iz ce Mdzòyk~yzi ca ~li :8==&:8=1 F^XNX+ jp ~li Km K`dm Xckòp @es~`~y~i men Dc Czdmeò-

Xl`k`xxèis+ Ecqifjiz :8=8%


8/26

48 ca :88


9/26

0

acz czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi `s mksc dymzme~iin% ^li kmt mksc xzisoz`jis dy`nikèis acz

kmjikèd men oiz~àòm~`ce xzcoinyzis acz czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi xzcnyo~s%

:%> Nixmz~fie~ ca Mdzòyk~yzis Mdz`&Xècp Mdz`&Xècp `s ~li cedcèds~zm~idò azmfitczb jièd xyzsyin jp ~li èoyfjie~ kimnizsl`x ca ~li Xl`k`xxèi

NM tlòl siibs ~c `fxzcqi ~li ocen`~`ce ca Xl`k`xxèi mdzòyk~yzi men molìqi accnsika syaaòìeop t`~lè ~li ei|~ ~lzii pimzs% ^ xzcdzmf `s zcc~in ce sys~mèmjki

amzfèd sps~ifs% @~ siibs ~c xzcfc~i è~izqie~`ces ~lm~ tcykn èozimsi xzcnyo~`q`~p

men iesyzi sys~mèmj`k`~p ca ziscyzois men m~ ~li smfi ~`fi fè`f`wèd ~li

nixienieoi ca ~li ocye~zp ce accn `fxcz~s% ^li xzcdzmf mksc èokynis xzcfc~`ce

ca mdzòyk~yzi mfced ~li ei|~ dieizm~`ce ca A`k`xècs%

:%9 Xl`k`xxèi Niqikcxfie~ Xkme ,XNX) acz :8== ~c :8=1 ^li XNX sizqis ms ~liniqikcxfie~ jkyixzè~ ca ~li Xl`k`xxèi dcqizefie~% Yeniz `~s olmx~iz ce

mdzòyk~yzi+ ~li XNX lms ziocde`win ms m bip em~`cemk s~zm~idp ~li xzcfc~`ce ca

ieq`zcefie~ azìenkp sys~mèmjki xzcnyo~`ce sps~ifs+ syol ms czdmeò mdzòyk~yzimen dccn mdzòyk~yzi xzmo~òis% ^li Xkme èoczxczm~in ok`fm~i olmedi ms m ozcss

oy~~èd s~zm~idp ~c mnnziss ~li xzcjkifs jisi~~èd Xl`k`xxèi mdzòyk~yzi% ^li eit

XNX mksc xzisoz`jin ms cei ca `~s kid`skm~`qi mdienm ~li iemo~fie~ ca m Accn _mai~p

men Kmjikèd Kmt%

:%1 _iqizmk Fcnis ca _CI Mdzòyk~yzi è ~li Xl`k`xxèisM~ xzisie~+ ~lizi mzi siqizmk sys~mèmjki mdzòyk~yzi sps~ifs xzmo~òin è ~li Xl`k`xxèis è

oce~zms~ ~c oceqie~`cemk cz olifòmk amzfèd% ^lisi sps~ifs ome ji oces`nizin ms xmz~ ca me

cqizmkk xzcoiss ~ctmzns oceqizs`ce ~c aykk czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi mk~lcydl ~lip ome ji ~zim~inms m n`s~èo~ men q`mjki mdzòyk~yzi mxxzcmolis% ^li ackkctèd mzi ~li xziqmkie~ fcnis ca

_CI mdzòyk~yzi xzmo~òi è ~li Xl`k`xxèis7

m% Jmkmeoin Aiz~`k`wm~`ce _ps~if ,JA_)+ m sies`jki ysi men ocfjèm~`ce ca czdmeò menèczdmeò aiz~`k`wizs ~c mnnziss ~li èozimsèd ocs~s acz aiz~`k`wizs tl`ki sys~mèèd ~li

~mzdi~in cx~`fyf pìkn%

j% Kct I|~izemk @exy~ _ys~mèmjki Mdzòyk~yzi ,KI@_M)+ ocfjèis ~li jis~ ~zmn`~`cemkèxy~s t`~l czdmeò+ fèizmk+ men èczdmeò scyzois ~c sy`~ ozcx men sc`k zi}y`zifie~s

è czniz ~c m~~mè l`dliz mdzòyk~yzmk pìkns%

o% J`cnpemfò Amzfèd+ mo~`qm~is ~li kài ca sc`k men xkme~s ~lzcydl mxxkòm~`ce casyjs~meois niz`qin azcf me`fmk fmeyzi+ lizjs men fèizmk è qizp sfmkk mfcye~s%

n% Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi+ m sps~if ~lm~ nzmfm~òmkkp zinyois i|~izemk èxy~s jp ziazmèèdazcf ~li ysi ca olifòmk aiz~`k`wizs+ xis~ò`nis men xlmzfmoiy~òmks men m sps~if ca

ozcx oyk~`qm~`ce ~lm~ ysis j`ckcdòmk fi~lcns ca aiz~`k`wm~`ce men xis~ oce~zck%

:%4 Is~`fm~is ca Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi Xzcnyo~`ce è ~li Xl`k`xxèis^lizi `s ec caaò`mk jmsikèi èaczfm~`ce ce czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi xzcnyo~`ce è ~li Xl`k`xxèis%^li jzcmn nisoz`x~`ce `s ~lm~ ~li czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi sio~`ce è ~li ocye~zp `s m~ `~s èameop


10/26

=8

s~mdi men ~liziaczi ~li qckyfi ca xzcnyo~`ce ms tikk ms mzim xkme~in ~c czdmeò xzcnyo~s

zifmès sfmkk% ^mjki @@ syffmz`wis qmzpèd is~`fm~is ce ~li s`wi ca czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi è

~li ocye~zp%

^MJKI @@% Is~`fm~is ca Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi è ~li Xl`k`xxèis

Czdmeò Xzcnyoi

,Dieizmk

Oiz~àìn Qck%+ è Bds Lio~mzis Is~`fm~i ms ca ,pimz) men _cyzoi ca Nm~m

& & :+888 Aczi`de Mdzòyk~yzi _izqòi+ Y_NM

& & ?+988 :88>+ @ACMF

P' =>+>=8 @e~izem~`cemk zmni Oie~iz Nm~m

P' ?0+>90 :881+ Nixmz~fie~ ca ^zmni men @enys~zp ,N^@

P'' :9+?=8 :881+ N^@

& :888 =004+ T`kkiz men Pyssia` ,:88>

& :+:98 :88>+ Xl`kNZLLM

Zòi & ?+ FM_@XMD& =+49> :88=+ Xl`kNLZZM

& 1+888 :888+ Jz`ceis ,:88:

_ydmz P' =98 :881+ N^@

& =8+888 =:: :880+ COOX

Ococey~ P' >98 :881+ N^@

& =+>>8 1> :880+ COOX

Jmemem P' ::9 :881+ N^@

& 980 :880+ COOX

Ococey~ men

Jmemem

P' =?+998 :881+ N^@

Mjmom & :+888 & :880+ COOXOmssmqm & 4>+888 &

Ocze & +>88 =9

Lieem & =+888 ?0

Lizjmk Ozcxs & & ?0

Kifce Dzmss & :=+888 9

Fmedc & :?+988 =

Xmxmpm & ::+:


11/26

==

:%


12/26

=:

ms tikk ms ~li slà~ è ocesyfiz xziaizieoi2 ,j acz ocesyfizs+ ji~~iz èaczfin olcòis men

xzc~io~`ce azcf yesozyxykcys sikkizs2 men+ ,o acz ~li xyjkò men scoì~p è dieizmk+

`fxzcqin tikamzi+ è ~izfs ca limk~l men ~li ieq`zcefie~%

^li kmjikèd+ s~menmzns men oiz~àòm~`ce xckòp slcykn ec~ s`fxkp sizqi ms m zidykm~czp

ès~zyfie~ m`fin m~ ocesyfiz xzc~io~`ce% Fczi `fxcz~me~kp+ `~ slcykn ji me è~idzmkocfxceie~ ca dcqizefie~s èoie~`qi s~zyo~yzi acz _CI mdzòyk~yzi xzcnyoizs%

Ocesi}yie~kp+ ~lizi `s m eiin ~c niqikcx m kmjikèd+ s~menmzns men oiz~à om~`ce xckòp ~lm~

,m ziocde`wis ~li oyzzie~ s~m~i ca _CI mdzòyk~yzi è ~li Xl`k`xxèis2 men+ ,j ieocyzmdi men

xzcq`ni xzòi men fmzbi~ èoie~`qis acz mdzòyk~yzi xzcnyoizs men amzfizs tlc mzi slà~èd

~c men xyzsyèd _CI% Mdzòyk~yzmk xzcnyo~ kmjikèd+ s~menmzns men oiz~àòm~`ce+ cqiz&mkk fys~

oce~z`jy~i ~c zm~liz ~lme jiocfi m lènizèd amo~cz è ~izfs ca molìqèd ~li ocye~zps

mdzòyk~yzi sio~cz dzct~l men niqikcxfie~%

>%8 Kmjikèd+ _~menmzns men Oiz~àòm~`ce è ~li Xl`k`xxèis>%= L`s~czòmk Jmobdzcyen ca Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi _~menmzns men Oiz~àòm~`ce è ~li

Xl`k`xxèis

Mk~lcydl _CI mdzòyk~yzi lms jiie xzmo~òin è ~li Xl`k`xxèis ms imzkp ms ~li f`n ~l Ms`me Oceaizieoi men

Dieizmk Mssifjkp

=004 Mdzòyk~yzi men A`slizìs Fcnize`wm~`ce Mo~ ,Zixyjkò

Mo~ ?9 omkkin acz ~li zinyo~`ce ca mdzc&olifòmks

y~`k`wm~`ce% ZM ?9 fmenm~is ~li Jyzimy ca Mdzòyk~yzi

men A`slizìs Xzcnyo~s _~menmzns ~c s~zò~kp ieaczoi

s~menmzns ca }ymk`~p e xzcoissèd+ xmobmdèd men kmjikèdca czdmeò xzcnyoi%

Xl`k`xxèi Ocedziss+ Em~`cemk

Dcqizefie~ men EDCs%


13/26

=?

^MJKI @@@% XCK@OP NIQIKCXFIE^_ ce CZDME@O MDZ@OYK^YZI _^MENMZN_ MEN

OIZ^@A@OM^@CE è ~li XL@K@XX@EI_

Pimz Xckòp Niqikcxfie~s Bip Xkmpizs

:888 Czdmeò Oiz~àòm~`ce men @esxio~`ce Xzcdzmf jcze cy~

ca ~li dzctèd nifmen acz czdmeò xzcnyo~s e ~li

è~izem~`cemk fmzbi~ men ~li eiin ~c ielmeoi omxmo`~ìsca kcomk czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi s~mbilckniz ~c ocfxi~i e ~li

è~izem~`cemk fmzbi~%

Oie~iz acz @e~izem~`cemk zmni

I|xcs`~`ces men F`ss`ces ,O@ÎF+

~li i|xcz~ xzcfc~`ces mdieop ca~li Xl`k`xxèi Nixmz~fie~ ca

^zmni men @enys~zp% O@ÎF mo~in

ms ~li cqizmkk siozi~mz`m~%

Dzcyxs aczfèd ~li Czdmeò

îoleòmk Tczbèd Ocff`~~ii

,C^TO tlòl eokynin Mkk`meoi

ca Qckye~iizs acz Niqikcxfie~

Acyenm~`ce+ Xl`k`xxèi

Niqikcxfie~ Mss`s~meoi

Xzcdzmffi+ Czdmeò Xzcnyoizs

men zmnizs Mssco`m~`ce+FM_@XMD+ ACCNTIJ+ Z`wmk Nm`zp

Amzfs+ Lizjmem Amzfs+ Dzm~`m

Xkiem+ MD^MKCE

:88= Fmeymks ca Cxizm~`ce men Oiz~àòm~`ce men @esxio~`ce

aczfykm~in ~c mnnziss ~li dmxs men eoces`s~ieoìs ca

~li Czdmeò Oiz~àòm~`ce _~menmzns ca ~li Xl`k`xxèis%

C^TO

:88= Xl`k`xxèi Jmsò _~menmzns ce Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi tms

ziemfin ms ~li Oiz~àòm~`ce _~menmzns ca ~li

Xl`k`xxèis ~c cxizm~`cemk`wi ~li Fmeymks ca Cxizm~`ce

men Oiz~àòm~`ce men @esxio~`ce% Mksc fmzbin ~li kmyeol

ca ~li COOX%

C^TO

:88> Xl`k`xxèi Em~`cemk _~menmzn ce Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi &

xzcq`ni m yeàczf mxxzcmol ~c ~li zi}y`zifie~s acz

oceqizs`ce ~c czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi+ ozcx xzcnyo~`ce+

k`qis~cob+ xzcoissèd+ sxio`mk xzcnyo~s men ocesyfiz

èaczfm~`ce tlòl slmkk sizqi ms m dy`ni acz czdmeò

mdzòyk~yzi xzmo~`~`ceizs

Nixmz~fie~ ca Mdzòyk~yzi t`~l

~li Jyzimy ca Mdzòyk~yzi men

A`slizìs Xzcnyo~s _~menmzns

:889 I|ioy~`qi Czniz Ec% >


14/26

=>

^MJKI @@@% XCK@OP NIQIKCXFIE^_ ce CZDME@O MDZ@OYK^YZI _^MENMZN_ MEN

OIZ^@A@OM^@CE è ~li XL@K@XX@EI_

Pimz Xckòp Niqikcxfie~s Bip Xkmpizs

cxizm~`cemk`wèd moozin`~m~`ce ca czdmeò oiz~àpèd

jcnìs+ oiz~àòm~`ce ca czdmeò amzfs men xzcnyo~s men

kmjikèd ca czdmeò xzcnyoi%

Bip xzcq`s`ces ca ~li @ZZ èokyni7

m yeniz~mbèd fimsyzis ~c acz ~li e~izem~`cemkziocde`~`ce ca kcomkkp oiz~àìn xzcnyo~s2

j ~zmes`~`ce xiz`cn ca ~tc ,: pimzs jiaczi ~li`fxkifie~m~`ce ca fmenm~czp ?zn xmz~p oiz~àòm~`ce2

o i}ymk ziocde`~`ce ca XD_ nyzèd ~li sm`n ~zmes`~`cexiz`cn2

n zi&iqmkym~`ce ca oyzzie~ czdmeò siins oiz~àòm~`cexzcoinyzis2

i Cekp ?zn xmz~p oiz~àìn xzcnyo~s ome ji kmjikin msCzdmeòmkkp Xzcnyoin2 men+

a Xzcq`s`ce ca dcqizefie~ syjs`nìs acz oiz~àòm~`cemen c~liz syxxcz~ sizqòis ~c amo`k`~m~i czdmeò

oiz~àòm~`ce%

O`q`k _coì~p Czdme`wm~`ces+

Xicxkis Czdme`wm~`ces men

czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi mnqcom~isèokynèd Km K`dm Xckòp @es~`~y~i

men Dc Czdmeò- Xl`k`xxèis%

>%: ^li Xl`k`xxèi Em~`cemk _~menmzn ce Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi ,XE_CM)^li Xl`k`xxèi Nixmz~fie~ ca Mdzòyk~yzi ~lzcydl ~li Jyzimy ca Mdzòyk~yzi men A`slizìs

Xzcnyo~ _~menmzns ,JMAX_ mxxzcqin ~li XE_CM è :88>% ^li XE_CM xzcq`nis m yeàczf

mxxzcmol ~c ~li zi}y`zifie~s acz ,m oceqizs`ce ~c czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi+ ,j ozcx xzcnyo~`ce+

,o k`qis~cob+ ,n mdzòyk~yzi xzcoissèd+ ,i sxio`mk xzcnyo~s+ ,a kmjikèd men ocesyfiz

èaczfm~`ce sizqèds ms ~li dy`ni acz czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi xzcnyoizs% ^mjki @Q syffmz`wis

l`dlk`dl~s ca ~li XE_CM%

^MJKI @Q% L@DLK@DL^_ CA ^LI XE_CM

Zi}y`zifie~s Iqmkym~`ce Xmzmfi~izs Xl`k`xxèi s~menmzn

Oceqizs`ce ca

Amzfs

Oceqizs`ce Xiz`cn Amzfs M ?&pimz oceqizs`ce xiz`cn ,jiaczi ~li s~mz~ ca

~li xzcnyo~`ce opoki s zi}y`zin ce kmens limq`kp

~zim~in t`~l spe~li~ò olifòmks cqiz siqizmk

pimzs%Oceqizs`ce Xiz`cn Ozcxs Acz meeymk ozcxs+ m~ kims~ ~tikqi ,=: fce~ls

oceqizs`ce xiz`cn s xzisoz`jin% Ce ~li c~liz

lmen+ xiziee`mk ozcxs zi}y`zi m~ kims~ i`dl~iie

,=


15/26

=9



yemqm`kmjki oceqie~`cemk siins ocykn ji ysin

xzcq`nin ~ n`n ec~ yenizdc mep olifòmk

~zim~fie~%

^zim~in siins ome cekp ji ysin ms xzisoz`jin jp~li Dcqizefie~ ~c xziqie~ ~li sxzimn ca

ienifò n`simsis% Oceqie~`cemk fimsyzis ocykn

mksc ji ysin e omsin ca akccns+ nzcydl~s cz c~liz

em~yzmk n`sms~izs%

Diei~òmkkp iedèiizin siins+

~zmesdieò xkme~s cz xkme~

fm~iz`mks

Ec~ mkkctin%

_c`k Fmemdifie~

Xzmo~òis

Ozcx Zc~m~`ce+ xiziee`mk ozcxs+

~`kkmdi men oyk~`qm~`ce+ tm~iz

ocesizqm~`ce fimsyzis

Dziie fmeyzèd cz zc~m~`ce t`~l kidyfis cz

c~liz e`~zcdie a`|èd xkme~s slcykn ji mxxkìn+

nixienèd ce ~li e~ies`~p ca oyk~`qm~`ce%

@e~izozcxxèd+ ocqiz ozcxs cz fykolèd fys~iesyzi ~lm~ ~li sc`k `s syaaòìe~kp ocqizin acz ~li

fcs~ xmz~ ca ~li pimz% Oyk~`qm~`ce i}y`xfie~s

slmkk ji ysin è m fmeeiz ~lm~ tcykn èozimsi sc`k

xlpsòmk men j`ckcdòmk }ymk`~p%

Aiz~`k`wizs Ysi ca aiz~`k`wizs Jmsin ce j`cnidzmnmjki fm~iz`mks ca fòzcj`mk+

xkme~ cz me`fmk cz`dè%

Jmkmeoin Aiz~`k`wm~`ce Ocykn ji ysin è ~li omsi ca yemqm`kmj`k`~p ca

syaaòìe~ mfcye~s ca j`cnidzmnmjki fm~iz`mks%

Aiz~`k`wiz mxxkòm~`ce Cekp =48 bd ca E`~zcdie azcf j`cnidzmnmjki

fm~iz`mks ocykn ji mxxkìn iqizp pimz% Zmt men

yeocfxcs~in fmeyzi slcykn ji mxxkìn e mfmeeiz ~lm~ ~ fè`f`wis oce~mfèm~`ce ca ~li

ozcxs+ sc`k+ cz tm~iz jp jmo~iz`m+ xm~lcdieò

fòzcjis men c~liz lmzfayk fm~iz`mks%

Oce~mfèm~`ce Zyecaa n`qizs`ces cz c~liz fimes fys~ ji

`fxkifie~in ~c xziqie~ oce~mfèm~`ce ca ozcxs

azcf mngmoie~ mzims%

_itmdi _lmkk ec~ ji ysin ce xzcnyo~`ce acz lyfme

ocesyfx~`ce a ~ oce~mès lyfme aiois+ yekiss

~zim~in moocznèdkp%

Ocffizo`mk

Xzcnyo~`ce caCzdmeò Ai~`k`wizs

Ocfxcs~ mo~`qm~`ce Mxxzcxz`m~i xkme~&jmsin xzixmzm~`ces cz fòzc&

czdme`sf xzixmzm~`ces+ ec~ diei~òmkkp fcnàìnfmp ji ysin ~c lms~ie niocfxcs ~`ce% l`s

èokynis qizfòyk~yzi ca qizfòcfxcs~èd%

_pe~li~ò e`~zcdiecys mnn`~`qis mzi ec~ mkkctin%

Aiz~`k`wiz }ymk`~p Czdmeò aiz~`k`wizs xzcnyoin slcykn ec~ lmqi

~zmois ca xkme~ men me`fmk xm~lcdie men slcykn

lmqi ec kiss ~lme :8) ca czdmeò fm~~iz%

Xmobmdèd _lcykn ji ieq`zcefie~mkkp azìenkp%

Xis~+ Tiin men

N`simsi

Fmemdifie~

_pe~li~ò xis~ò`nis Xzcl`j`~in% Czdmeòmkkp xzixmzin xzcnyo~ acz

xis~+ tiin men n`simsi fmemdifie~ s mkkctin%

^lizfò tiin oce~zck men xlpsòmk fi~lcns acz

xis~+ n`simsi men tiin fmemdifie~ mzixizf`~~in% lizfò s~iz`k`wm~`ce ocykn ji mkkctin


16/26

=1



jp m oiz~àpèd jcnp à xzcxiz zc~m~`ce cz zieitmk

ca sc`k omeec~ ~mbi xkmoi%

Dzct~l

Zidykm~czs

Dzct~l zidykm~czs men Npis

,i%d% ocsfi~ò mk~izm~`ce caxzcnyo~s

Xzcl`j`~in% Czdmeòmkkp xzixmzin xzcnyo~ s ~c ji

ysin ms m dzct~l zidykm~cz s lctiqiz+ mkkctin%

Xzcoissèd Xcs~ lmzqis~ cxizm~`ces Czdmeò xzcnyoi slmkk ei`~liz ji f`|in ecz

st`~olin t`~l c~liz xzcnyoi ms tikk ms lmenkizs

ca czdmeò xzcnyoi fys~ ec fèdki t`~l c~liz

lmenkizs% Xzcoissèd ca czdmeò xzcnyoi slcykn

ji ncei sixmzm~ikp e ~`fi+ cz xkmoi azcf

xzcoissèd ca ece&czdmeò xzcnyo~s%

_~czmdi men ~zmesxcz~m~`ce Czdmeò men ece czdmeò xzcnyo~s fys~ ec~ ji

s~czin cz ~zmesxcz~in ~cdi~liz%

Xis~ oce~zck e s~czmdi Ayf`dm~`ce+ zzmn`m~`ce cz ~zim~fie~ ca s~czmdi

czdmeò xzcnyo~s s ec~ mkkctin%C~liz èdzinìe~s men

xzcoissèd

^li ysi ca mnn`~`qis men xzcoissèd m`ns mzi

zis~zò~in

Xzcoissèd Xzcoissèd fi~lcns syol ms J`ckcdòmk xzcoissis+

_fcbèd+ Nzpèd+ I|~zmo~`ce+ Xzio`x`~m~`ce men

A`k~zm~`ce ome ji ysin% Jp yenizdcèd ~lisi

xzcoissis lctiqiz+ czdmeò xzcnyo~s fys~

zi~mè `~s accn dzmni }ymk`~p men fys~ ec~ lmqi

cz oce~mfèm~in jp lmzfayk#olifòmk

syjs~meois%

Kmjikèd Kmjiks Cekp xzcnyo~s ~lm~ mzi xzcnyoin+ lmenkin men

xzcoissin moocznèd ~c ~lisi _~menmzns fmp jikmjikin ms xzcnyoi ca czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi cz

s`f`kmz% Czdmeò xzcnyozs oce~mèèd oceqie~`cemk

mdzòyk~yzi edzinìe~s fmp s~`kk ji kmjikin ms

czdmeò ms kced ms 09) ca ~li èdzinìe~s mzi ca

czdmeò cz`dè%

Oceqizs`ce kmjiks Xzcnyo~s fmp ji sckn t`~l me ènòm~`ce ziaizzèd

~c ~li oceqizs`ce ~c czdmeò amzfèd% Oceqizs`ce

kmjiks lctiqiz+ fys~ ji n`s~èdy`slmjki aykk

czdmeò kmjiks%

T`kn xzcnyo~s Xzcnyo~s ocfèd azcf t`kn èdzinìe~s slmkk ji

kmjikin ms t`kn% @a f`|in lctiqiz+ t`~l czdmeòèdzinìe~s+ ~ ome ji kmjikin ms czdmeò%

Czdmeò oiz~àòm~`ce è ~li Xl`k`xxèis `s ayenmfie~mkkp jmsin ce ~li XE_CM% Nyzèd ~li

~`fi `~ tms jièd aczfykm~in+ `~ tms èaczfin jp @ACMF Jmsò _~menmzns men ~li Ocni|

Dy`nikèis acz Xzcnyo~`ce+ Xzcoissèd+ Fmzbi~èd men Kmjikèd ca Czdmeòmkkp Xzcnyoin

Accns ,OMO#DK ?:%

M~ ~li smfi ~`fi+ `~ tms niqikcxin t`~l nyi ocesyk~m~`ce azcf em~`cemk kèi mdieoìs k`bi

~li Nixmz~fie~ ^zmni men @enys~zp+ fifjiz ei~tczbs ca ~li Czdmeò Oiz~àòm~`ce Oie~iz

ca ~li Xl`k`xxèis ,COOX men czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi mnqcom~is men xzmo~`~`ceizs%


17/26

=4

AIM^YZI7 ^li _~czp ca Mk~iz^zmni men Czdme`o Fysocqmnc _ydmz

Nyz`ed ~li =0


18/26

=98= jp ~li Ny~ol

AIM^YZI7 XD_ Oiz~àòm~`ce men FM_@XMD

Fmdsmsmbm m~ _`pie~`x`bc Xmzm sm Xmd&yekmn ed Mdz`byk~yzm ,FM_@XMD Acyenm~`ce tms aczfin

è =0


19/26

=0

^MJKI Q% ACZI@DE OIZ^@AP@ED JCN@I_ @E ^LI XL@K@XX@EI_

Aczi`de Oiz~àpèd Jcnp @e~izem~`cemk _~menmzn Ocfxk`meoi

xzcq`nis Czdmeò Oiz~àòm~`ce e ~li Xl`k`xxèis

acz i|xcz~%

Moozin`~m~`ce Mdieop ZQM%

NCMKEMZM Me czdmeò oiz~àpèd jcnp jmsin e

Bczim%

@ACMF Jmsò _~menmznsOiz~àòm~`ce Mkk`meoi Me e~izem~`cemk

xmz~eizsl`x ca czdmeò oiz~àòm~`ce jcnìs+

èsxio~czs men syxxcz~èd niqikcxfie~

czdme`wm~`ces% Oyzzie~kp m xmz~eiz ca ~li COOX%

IY _~menmzns Y_ & Em~`cemk Czdmeò Xzcdzmf Gmxmeisi Mdzòyk~yzmk _~menmzn

JO_&CIBC Me enixienie~ men xz`qm~i

oce~zckkèd mdieop tlòl oiz~àìs czdmeò

xzcnyo~s tczknt`ni e moocznmeoi t`~l

è~izem~`cemk zidykm~`ces men xz`qm~i s~menmzns%

IY _~menmzns Y_ & Em~`cemk Czdmeò Xzcdzmf Gmxmeisi Mdzòyk~yzmk _~menmzn

>%> Ocs~ ca ?zn Xmz~p Oiz~àòm~`ceMfced ~li bip oceoizes tlie `~ ocfis ~c yeniz~mbèd ? zn xmz~p oiz~àòm~`ce è ~li

Xl`k`xxèis `s `~s ocs~% _fmkk amzf lcknizs d`qie ~li`z k`f`~in èocfi lmqi n aaòyk~p

slcyknizèd ~li mnn`~`cemk ocs~ ca oiz~àòm~`ce%

^mjki Q@ `nie~àìs ~li solinykis ca aiis acz ?zn

xmz~p oiz~àòm~`ce è ~li ocye~zp% ^li

nyzm~`ce azcf oiz~àòm~`ce ~c èsxio~`ce `s zcydlkp ~lzii ~c s`| ,? ~c 1 fce~ls tl`ki ~li

qmk`n`~p ca ~li oiz~àòm~`ce kms~s yx ~c =< fce~ls% Ocs~ ome zimol yx ~c YsN :+888%

Ce ~li c~liz lmen+ ocs~ ca ?

zn

xmz~p oiz~àòm~`ce acz aczi`de oiz~àpèd mdieoìs `s is~`fm~inm~ YsN >+888 ~c YsN 9+888 m pimz%

^MJKI Q@% _olinyki ca Aiis acz ?zn

Xmz~p Oiz~àòm~`ce

Mxxkòm~`ce Aii YsN >1%98

Oiz~àòm~`ce Aii YsN 98

@esxio~`ce Aii ,qmz`mjki .==1%?8#nmp mxxzc|`fm~ikp ocqizs ~ie ,=8

lio~mzis cz aà~iie ,=9 lio~mzis acz ococey~%

^l`s i|okynis ~li esxio~`ce ca xzcoissèd xkme~s%

^zmesxcz~ men Kcd`s~òs ocs~ ,qmz`mjki ~c ji slcyknizin jp ~li mxxkòme~

Dzcyx Oiz~àòm~`ce YsN 1:4%08

9%8 Xckòp @ssyis men Ziocffienm~`cesM ziqìt ca czdmeò s~menmzn men oiz~àòm~`ce l`s~czp+ xckòp men xzcoinyzis è ~li

Xl`k`xxèis syzamoi ~li ackkctèd cjsizqm~`ces men xckòp `ssyis% @~ `s qizp fyol mxxmzie~

~lm~ s~menmzns men oiz~àòm~`ce è ~li ocye~zp `s zikm~`qikp tikk niqikcxin acz aykk+ xyzi cz

ocfxki~i czdmeò mdzòyk~yzmk xzcnyo~s t`~l ~li xckòp azmfi limqp ce ?zn xmz~p oiz~àòm~`ce%

^lizi `s ec niepèd ca ~li syjs~me~`mk s~ixs yeniz~mbie jp Xl`k`xxèi dcqizefie~ mdieoìs

è xmz~eizsl`x t`~l ece&dcqizefie~ men xicxkis czdme`wm~`ce ei~tczbs è aczfykm~èd me


20/26

:8

czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi s~menmzn men oiz~àòm~`ce xzcoiss ~lm~ `s ocfxk`me~ t`~l è~izem~`cemk

s~menmzns%

Tl`ki ~li XE_ f`dl~ ji nm~in+ sèoi `~ tms niqikcxin è :889 men lms ec~ jiie yxnm~in ~c

èokyni fczi zioie~ ocesiesys è Ms`me men è~izem~`cemk s~menmzns+ m~ ~li ~`fi `~ tms

ozma~in men aèmkkp mncx~in ms caaò`mk xckòp ca ~li Xl`k`xxèi dcqizefie~ `~ tms èaczfinjc~l jp ~li @ACMF Jmsò _~menmzns men ~li OMO#DK ?:%

^lizi `s+ lctiqiz+ m qizp siz`cys k`f`~m~`ce ~c ~li Xl`k`xxèi czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi kmjikèd+

s~menmzns men oiz~àòm~`ce xckòìs ms `~ `s oyzzie~kp azmfin%

Acz cei+ ~lizi `s k`~~ki fie~`ce ca ece&~l`zn xmz~p oiz~àòm~`ce èokynèd =s~ men :en xmz~p

oiz~àòm~`ce men xmz~ò`xm~czp dymzme~ii sps~ifs% Tl`ki ec sps~ifm~ò jmsikèi i|`s~s+

fmep is~`fm~i m j`ddiz eyfjiz ca aykk+ xyzi men ocfxki~i czdmeò amzfs ~lm~ ackkct è~izemk

oce~zck sps~ifs jy~ ome ec~ maaczn ?zn xmz~p oiz~àòm~`ce men#cz ~lcsi tlc mzi ec~ ~mzdi~èd

~li i|xcz~ fmzbi~% @e`~`mkkp xzmo~`~`ceizs ca _CI mdzòyk~yzi è ~li ocye~zp tizi sfmkk amzflcknizs men ocffye`~p jmsin è`~`m~`qis% Ocesi}yie~kp+ ~li fczi xziqmkie~ xzmo~ oi tlie

`~ ocfis ~c czdmeò xzcnyo~ kmjiks tizi qckye~mzp men amzfiz cz siocen xmz~p oiz~àìn%

^lizi `s m eiin ~c `fxzcqi ~li oyzzie~ xckòp kmedymdi ce czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi kmjikèd+

s~menmzns men oiz~àòm~`ce ~c xy~ i}ymk ifxlms`s ce ece&~l`zn xmz~p oiz~àòm~`ce%

Ncoyfie~m~`ce ca kmjikèd men ece&~l`zn xmz~p oiz~àòm~`ce xzmo~òis `s qizp fyol eiinin è

czniz ~c niqikcx fczi ocfxzilies`qi cx~`ces acz czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi oiz~àòm~`ce% ^l`s t`kk

eioiss`~m~i m ziqìt ca ~li oyzzie~ Xl`k`xxèi Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi Mo~ ms tikk ms `~s

`fxkifie~èd zykis men zidykm~`ces% @e xmz~òykmz+ bip xzcq`s`ces ca ~li @ZZ ce ~li ~zmes`~`ce

xiz`cn acz =s~

men :en

xmz~p oiz~àòm~`ce fys~ ji siz`cyskp zioces`nizin%

Fczi oz`~òmkkp+ kmjikèd+ s~menmzns men oiz~àòm~`ce xckòìs cekp ocqiz men mzi mxxkòmjki ~c

aykk+ xyzi men#cz ocfxki~ikp czdmeò mdzòyk~yzmk xzcnyo~s% @e ~li omsi ca ~li Xl`k`xxèis+

~l`s zimkkp ocqizs kiss ~lme = xizoie~ ca _CI mdzòyk~yzi xzcnyo~`ce% ^li oyzzie~ xckòp

ieq`zcefie~ `s s`kie~ tlie `~ ocfis ~c ~li fczi s`deàòme~ sio~`ce ca _CI mdzòyk~yzi

xzmo~òis è ~li ocye~zp% ^lizi mzi ec kmjikèd zi}y`zifie~s+ xzc~cocks men s~menmzns

zi}y`zifie~ cz mep oiz~àòm~`ce xzcoinyzi acz xzcnyo~s ~lm~ mzi xzcnyoin ~lzcydl fczi

xziqmkie~ _CI mdzòyk~yzi xzmo~òis è ~li ocye~zp% ^l`s èokynis xzcnyo~s dieizm~in

~lzcydl ~li Jmkmeoin Aiz~`k`wm~`ce _~zm~idp2 Kct I|~izemk @exy~ _ys~mèmjki Mdzòyk~yzi2 J`c&

npemfò amzfèd+ cz ~li fmep qmz`me~s è ji~tiie ~lcsi ~lm~ mzi oceqie~`cemkkp amzfin menczdmeòmkkp amzfin%

Fyol t`kk ji dmèin jp niqikcxèd men ès~`~y~èd s~menmzns men xzc~cocks niaèin

moocznèd ~c ~li qmzpèd s~mdis#xzmo~òis ca _CI mdzòyk~yzi è ~li ocye~zp men fm~olèd

~lisi t`~l m kmjikèd sps~if t`~l okimz dcqizefie~ oliob fiolme`sf acz ~li qmk`n`~p ca

kmjiks% Oceozi~ikp+ kmjiks+ s~menmzns men oiz~àòm~`ce slcykn ji niqikcxin ec~ gys~ acz aykk+

xyzi cz ocfxki~ikp czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi xzcnyo~s jy~ mksc acz xzcnyo~s ca amzfs s~`kk ce ~li`z

~zmes`~`ce ~c jiocfèd aykk czdmeò%

^l`s fimes niqikcxèd kmjiks men s~menmzns acz xzcnyo~s ~lm~ zmedi azcf czdmeò+ sif`&czdmeò+ czdmeòmkkp dzcte+ em~yzmkkp amzfin+ xis~ò`ni azii cz kiss olifòmks% Men acz xckòp


21/26

:=

oces`s~ieop ms tikk ms è ~li sx`z`~ ca ~li ocesyfizs z`dl~ ~c aykk èaczfm~`ce+ mdzòyk~yzi

xzcnyo~ kmjikèd slcykn i|~ien ~c zi}y`zèd xzcnyo~s dzcte ysèd oceqie~`cemk ~ioleckcdìs

~c ji kmjikin men xzcq`ni èaczfm~`ce ce aiz~`k`wiz men xis~ò`nis ysin nyzèd ~li`z

xzcnyo~`ce s~mdi%

Tl`ki ~li oyzzie~ kmjikèd+ s~menmzns men oiz~àòm~`ce xckòp okimzkp oce~z`jy~i ~c xzc~io~èd~li ocesyfiz ca czdmeò mdzòyk~yzmk xzcnyo~s ms tikk ms amo`k`~m~èd m xzòi xzif`yf acz

czdmeò xzcnyoizs+ `~ cekp fmzdèmkkp oce~z`jy~is ~c ~li cqiz&mkk dcmk ca xzcfc~èd ~li slà~

~c _CI mdzòyk~yzi% @~ `s m okimz zitmzn fiolme`sf acz amzfizs men mdzòyk~yzmk xzcnyoizs

tlc mzi mkzimnp xzmo~òèd czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi%

Jzcmnieèd ~li kmjikèd+ s~menmzns men oiz~àòm~`ce xckòp ~c ocqiz ~li j`ddiz sio~`ce ca _CI

mdzòyk~yzi xzmo~òis ome xc~ie~`mkkp oce~z`jy~i m l`dliz qmkyi&mnnin è ~izfs ca ~li cqiz&mkk

dzct~l men niqikcxfie~ dcmk ca ~li ocye~zps mdzòyk~yzi sio~cz ~li slà~ ~ctmzns fczi

sys~mèmjki+ czdmeò men iockcdòmk mdzòyk~yzi% ^l`s jzcmnieèd t`kk ec~ gys~ zitmzn i|`s~èd

czdmeò mdzòyk~yzi xzmo~`~`ceizs jy~ xzcq`ni ~li mxxzcxz`m~i èoie~`qis acz amzfizs ,sfmkkmen ocffizo`mk ~c yeniz~mbi ~li slà~ ~c _CI mdzòyk~yzi+ ~c ~lcsi tlc oyzzie~kp è

~zmes`~`ce azcf oceqie~`cemk ~c czdmeò mdzòyk~yzmk xzcnyo~`ce% Tl`ki aykk czdmeò

mdzòyk~yzi xzcnyo~`ce zifmès `nimk+ ~lizi `s s~`kk fyol sco`mk dccn & `~ `s è ~li è~izis~ ca

~li jzcmniz xyjkò ~c fmbi mqm`kmjki è ~li fmzbi~ mdzòyk~yzmk xzcnyo~s ~lm~ ysi xzcnyo~`ce

~ioleckcdìs ~lm~ y~`k`wi kiss men kiss olifòmk èxy~s men ~lm~ mzi kiss men kiss lmzfayk ~c

~li ieq`zcefie~+ amzfizs men ocesyfizs limk~l%

1%8 Ziaizieoi Fm~iz`mksMjcy~ Mk~iz ^zmni% Zi~zìqin azcf7 l~~x7##ttt%stii~gys~òi%czd%ew#mk~iz&~zmni&xl`k`xxèis

Mdz` Xècp Xzcdzmf jzìaiz aèmk% ,:8==% Zi~zìqin azcf7

l~~x7##ttt%pcy~yji%ocf#tm~ol3q6c>TSgoX1gò

Mdz`&Xècp :8== xx~% ,:8==%

Me Mo~ Xzcq`nèd acz ~li Niqikcxfie~ men Xzcfc~`ce ca Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi e ~li Xl`k`xxèis men

acz c~liz Xyzxcsis% Acyz~iie~l Ocedziss ca ~li Xl`k`xxèis% l`zn Zidykmz _iss`ce% ,:8=8%

Jz`ceis+ M% li zcki ca mdzòyk~yzi men zyzmk niqikcxfie~ e ~li Xl`k`xxèis% Ye`~in Em~`ces I_OMX%

Zi~zìqin azcf7 l~~x7##ttt%yeisomx%czd#zyzmk#nco#cm#Xl`k`xxèis%XNA

Jz`ceis+ M% ,:88:% Em~`cemk s~ynp7 Xl`k`xxèis+ e7 Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi men Zyzmk Xcqiz~p

Mkkiq`m~`ce7 Xc~ie~`mk men Jis~ Xzmo~òis e Ms`m% Jmedbcb+ lm`kmen7 YEI_OMX%

Jyzimy ca Mdzòyk~yzi men A`slizìs Xzcnyo~ _~menmzns% ,:88?% Xl`k`xxèi Em~`cemk _~menmzn%

Xl`k`xxèis%

Jyzimy ca Mdzòyk~yzi men A`slizìs Xzcnyo~ _~menmzns% _~m~ys ca Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi e ~li

Xl`k`xxèis% Zi~zìqin azcf7

l~~x7##xomzzn%ncs~%dcq%xl#xl`kczdmeò#fin`m):8ziscyzois#:enCMocea#Meei|):8=S:en):8czdmeò

):8oceaizieoi%xna


22/26

::

Jyzimy ca _c`ks ! Tm~iz Fmemdifie~% Czdmeò&Jmsin Mdzòyk~yzi Xzcdzmf% Jyzimy ca _c`ks men

Tm~iz Fmemdifie~% ]yiwce O`~p+ Xl`k`xxèis7 Mdzòyk~yzi men A`slizìs @eaczfm~`ce _izqòi%

Ocni| Mk`fie~mz`ys Ocff`ss`ce% ,:88=% Dy`nikèis acz ~li Xzcnyo~`ce+ Xzcoissèd+ Kmjikkèd men

Fmzbi~èd ca Czdmeòmkkp Xzcnyoin Accns% Zcfi+ @~mkp7 Gcè~ AMC#TLC Accn _~menmzns Xzcdzmffi%

Zi~zìqin azcf7 l~~x7##ttt%amc%czd#czdmeòmd#nco#dkczdmeòaèmk%xna

Oczczm~ce+ O% J%+ Oczced+ I% K% ,:880% Xl`k`xxèi Mdzòyk~yzmk men Accn Xckòìs @fxkòm~`ces acz

Xcqiz~p men @eocfi N`s~z`jy~`ce% Tmslèd~ce+ NO7 @e~izem~`cemk Accn Xckòp Zisimzol @es~`~y~i%

Zi~zìqin azcf7 l~~x7##ttt%àxz`%czd#s`~is#niamyk~#a`kis#xyjkòm~`ces#zz=1=%xna

Ozywmnm I% Fms`xmd amzfizs7 Jipcen xy~~èd accn ce ~li ~mjki% Zi~zìqin azcf7 ttt%fms`xmd%czd%

Nixmz~fie~ ca Mdzòyk~yzi% ,:880% Ozim~`ce ca Cqizs`dl~ Ocff`~~ii men Fce`~czèd ~zimf acz ~li

Czdmeò A@IKN_ _yxxcz~ Xzcdzmf7 Xlmsi =% ,_xio`mk Czniz Ec% 0?+ _izìs ca :880% ]yiwce O`~p+

Xl`k`xxèis%

Nixmz~fie~ ca Mdzòyk~yzi% ,:8848+ _izìs ca :88


23/26

:?

@ACMF% Niqikcxèd Kcomk Fmzbi~èd @e`~`m~`qis acz Czdmeò Xzcnyo~s e Ms`m7 M Dy`ni acz _fmkk men

Fin`yf Ie~izxz`sis% Kà~in azcf ~li @ACMF tijs`~i7 ttt%àcmf%czd

@ACMF% Xl`k`xxèis Fmzbi~ Niqikcxfie~% Zi~zìqin azcf7 ttt%àcmf%czd%

@ACMF% Dzctèd Czdmeò7 Xl`k`xxèis Imzkp Niqikcxfie~% Kà~in azcf ~li @ACMF tijs`~i7

ttt%àcmf%ocf

@ACMF% _ii7 l~~x7##ttt%àcmf%czd#mjcy~Sàcmf#s~menmzns#èni|%l~fk

Km K`dm Xckòp @es~`~y~i ! Dc Czdmeò Xl`k`xxèis% ,:8==% Mncx~èd _ys~mèmjki+ Czdmeò men

Iockcdòmk Mdzòyk~yzi ms m Xz`cz`~p _~zm~idp acz Jzcmn&Jmsin Dzct~l% Xl`k`xèis7 Km K`dm Xckòp

@es~`~y~i%

Km K`dm Xckòp @es~`~y~i% ,:880% Czdmeò Aìkns _yxxcz~ Xzcdzmf Xlmsi =7 ]&@IO Ocfxceie~ Ien

Xzcgio~ Zixcz~% Xl`k`xxèis%

Kme~òme+ G%F%+ Z`qizm+ Z%X%+ ! Kmdyem+ G%X% ,Fmeymk ce Azisl men Xzcoissin Qidi~mjkis Oiz~àòm~`ce

è ~li Xl`k`xxèis% Zi~zìqin azcf7l~~x7##ttt%jmz%dcq%xl#nctekcmnmjkis#:880#oiz~àòm~`ce):8fmeymk%xna

Fms`xmd% ,:884% FMD_M_MBM M^ _@PIE^@X@BC XMZM _M XMD&YEKMN ED MDZ@BYK^YZM sèoi =0!@~if`n6=

Fms`xmd @eaczfm~`ce% ,:880% Oz`~`}yi ! Xcs`~`ce ~c ~li Nzma~ Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi J`kk%

Zi~zìqin azcf7 l~~x7##fms`xmd%czd#ofs#èni|%xlx3cx~`ce6ocfSoce~ie~!~msb6qìt!`n6

Fin`yf izf Xl`k`xxèi Niqikcxfie~ Xkme :8==&:8=1% ,:8== Nzma~7 Olmx~iz >7 Ocfxi~`~`qi men

_ys~mèmjki Mdzòyk~yzi men A`slizìs _io~cz% Yexyjk`slin%

Fiencwm+ ^%+ Xiomn`wc+ K%+ Ni Kcs _me~cs+ T% ,:88?% Ocfxmzm~`qi Omsi _~ynp ca Czdmeò+ Ki`sm men

Oceqie~`cemk Zòi Amzfèd _ps~ifs e ]yiwce Xzcqèoi+ Xl`k`xxèis% @e7 Xl`k`xxèi Gcyzemk ca Ozcx_oìeoi :88=% Ozcx _oìeoi _coì~p ca ~li Xl`k`xxèis%

Fiz`km+ F%D%M%N% ,:88=% Dziielcysi Dms F`~`dm~`ce _~zm~idìs7 li Xl`k`xxèi I|xizìeoi%

,Tczbslcx ce Dccn Xzmo~òis e Xckòìs men Fimsyzis+


24/26

:>

COOX% ,:8=8% Jzìa @eaczfm~`ce7 Dzcyx Oiz~àòm~`ce Xl`k`xxèis% Xl`k`xxèis%

COOX% ,:880% K`s~ ca Oiz~àìn Czdmeò Amzfs jp Zid`ce% Xl`k`xxèis%

COOX% ,:880% K`s~ ca @e~izem~`cemkkp Oiz~àìn Czdmeò Amzfs% Xl`k`xxèis%

COOX% ,:88?% COOX _~menmzns acz Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi men Xzcoissèd% Xl`k`xxèis%

COOX% ,:884% _~m~ys ca Czdmeò men Em~yzmk Amzfèd @e`~`m~`qis% Xl`k`xxèis

Czdmeò Accns Xzcnyo~`ce Mo~ ca =008% Ye`~in _~m~is ca Mfizòm% ,Ms Mfienin ^lzcydl Xyjkò Kmt

=80&04+ Ecq% =8+ :889

CZDME@O @EXY^_ ! ÎOLECKCD@I_% Mdzòyk~yzmk Ziscyzois Fmemdifie~ Zisimzol N`q`s`ce XOMZZN%

Kcs Jmcs+ Kmdyem+ Xl`k`xxèis%

Zi~zìqin azcf7 l~~x7##xomzzn%ncs~%dcq%xl#xl`kczdmeò#îoleckcdìs#czdmeò):8èxy~s%xna

Czdmeò Fce`~cz% ,:881% li Dkcjmk Fmzbi~ acz Czdmeò Accn ! Nzèb7 Jysèiss Cxxcz~ye`~ìs !

Ay~yzi Cy~kccb% Zi~zìqin azcf7 l~~x7##ttt%czdmeòfce`~cz%ocf#488:>8%l~f

Czdmeò zmni Mssco`m~`ce% ,:8=8% @enys~zp _~m~`s~òs men Xzcgio~in Dzct~l% Zi~zìqin azcf7

l~~x7##ttt%c~m%ocf#czdmeò#f~#jysèiss%l~fk

Czdmeò zmni Mssco`m~`ce Ecz~l Mfizòm Tijs`~i% _ii7 l~~x7##ttt%c~m%ocf#èni|%l~fk

Cpsce % ,:884% Ocye~zp Xmxiz7 Xl`k`xxèi Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi Ecqifjiz :1&?8+:884+ Jmk`+

@enceis`m% ,Xzisie~in e ~li @ACMF @e~izem~`cemk msb Aczoi ce Lmzfce`wm~`ce men I}y`qmkieoi e

Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi Oceaizieoi%

Xmkyfjmz`~+ M%+ Jyiem+ Z% ,:8=8+ Co~cjiz% XD_ men ~li Xl`k`xxèi Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi Kmt7 I|okynèd

XD_+ i|okynèd sfmkk amzfizs% li Dkcjmk XD_ Eitski~~iz+ xx% :&?%

Xmz~mx+ %+ ! _miin+ F% ,Ins%% ,:8=8% Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi men Mdz`jysèiss7 @eecqm~`ce men

Ayenmfie~mks% cbpc+ Gmxme7 Ms`me Xzcnyo~`q`~p Czdme`wm~`ce%

XOOMZN% L`s~czòmk Xzca`ki ca Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi è ~li Xl`k`xxèis% Zi~zi`qin azcf7 XOOMZN

tijs`~i7 ttt%xoomzn%ncs~%dcq%xl

Ximzk : ,:884 *îoleòmk Xmxiz /=7 _~m~i ca ~li _io~cz Zixcz~ Xl`k`xxèi Czdmeò Xzcnyo~s*+

Zi~zìqin azcf ttt%xl`ki|xcz~%ocf+ Fmp 9+ :8==%

XNMX% XNMX ms me @es~`~y~`ce% Zi~zìqin azcf7 ttt%xnmx%ei~%Xl`kNLZZM% ,:88?% Czdmeò zòi men Xl`k`xxèi amzfizs% ,Xmxiz xzixmzin acz ~li Xl`k`xxèi

Niqikcxfie~ Mss`s~meoi Xzcdzmf ,XNMX nyzèd ~li Czdmeò Zòi Ocesyk~m~`ce ocenyo~in e

Ecqifjiz =4&=% Xl`k`xxèi

Czdmeò Zòi7 @enys~zp Czìe~m~`ce Xmxiz Em~`cemk Aczyf ce Czdmeò Zòi @enys~zp% Xl`k`xxèis%
http://www.pdap.net/http://www.pdap.net/


25/26

:9

Xècp Czdmeòs% ,:8=8% J`c&Npemfò Amzfèd e ~li Xl`k`xxèis% Zi~zìqin azcf7

ttt%xècpczdmeòs%ocf

Xkm~maczfm _@EO ,:8==% Olccsi kiss oce~mfèm~èd xzcnyo~s ~lmebs ~c ioc&kmjikkèd% _oìeoiNm`kp%

Zi~zìqin azcf l~~x7##ttt%soìeoinm`kp%ocf#zikimsis#:8==#8:#==8:=48


26/26

Zi~zìqin azcf7 l~~x7##ttt%ixm%dcq#mdzòyk~yzi#~czd%l~fk

Q`kkidms+ X%F%+ Om~inzmk+ @%D%+ ! _mzfìe~c+ D%Z% ,:8==% Em~`cemk Z!N Xzcdzmf acz Czdmeò Qidi~mjkis

è ~li Xl`k`xxèis% Nzma~7 Yexyjk`slin%

Tlm~ mzi Ioc&Kmjiks3% Zi~zìqin azcf7 l~~x7##omikysocesyk~èd%tcznxziss%ocf#:8==#8:#:?#tlm~&

mzi&ioc&kmjiks#

Tissikks+ O%Z%+ Ocolzmei+ O%+ Niizi+ O%+ Tmkk`s+ X%+ ! T`kkfmee+ Z% ,:88=% Xzcnyo~ oiz~àòm~`ce men

ioc&kmjikèd acz a`slizìs sys~mèmj`k`~p% Zcfi+ @~mkp7 Accn men Mdzòyk~yzi Czdme`wm~`ce ca ~li Ye`~in

Em~`ces%

T`kkiz+ L%+ Pyssia`+ F% ,Ins%% ,:88>% li Tczkn ca Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi+ _~m~`s~òs men Ay~yzi

Xzcsxio~s% Acyenm~`ce Iockcdp men Mdzòyk~yzi+ Dizfmep men @e~izem~`cemk Ainizm~`ce ca Czdmeò

Mdzòyk~yzi Fcqifie~s%

T`kkiz+ L%+ Bkòliz+ K% ,Ins%% ,:880% li Tczkn ca Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi _~m~`s~òs men Ifizdèd ziens%

Dieiqm7 @aCF+ Jcee+ A`JK+ Azòb+ @Ô% Zi~zìqin azcf7 l~~x7##ttt%czdmeò&tczkn%ei~#a kimnfè#ncoyfie~s#pimzjccb#:880#tczkn&ca&czdmeò&mdzòyk~yzi&:880&sfmkk&:880&8:&=9%xna

Wmfczm+ C%J% ,:880% K`bms&bmpm m~ Czdme`bced Xmdsmsmbm% ]yiwce O`~p7 XZZF men YXKJ&Ockkidi ca

Mdzòyk~yzi%

Wmfczm+ C%J% ,:8=8% Czdmeò Mdzòyk~yzi ms m Ok`fm~i Olmedi Mnmx~m~`ce men F`~`dm~`ce _~zm~idp%

]yiwce O`~p7 Km K`dm Xckòp @es~`~y~i ! Dc Czdmeò Xl`k`xxèis%
http://www.organic-world.net/fileadmin/http://www.organic-world.net/fileadmin/

enhancing labeling, standards and certification for sustainable, organic and ecological agriculture...

Documents