Enhancing Library Catalogs for Music

John AnderiesMusic LibrarianHaverford CollegeTri-College Consortium

Conference on Music & Technology in the Liberal Arts EnvironmentJune 22, 2004Hamilton College

Overview

• Text based enhancements

• Visual resource enhancements

• Music related enhancements– Organizational changes: FRBR– Notated incipits– Audio content– Score images

Why enhance records

• Replicates the browse shelf environment• Increases use

– 26,490 items (HM monographs) added between 99-02– 10,--- with no TOC circulated 1.35 times on average– 16,--- with TOC circulated 2.39 times on average

• Promotes the identification of needed item• Information may be used in collections

development• You tell me!

Text-based enhancements

• Enhancements– TOC– Publisher descriptions– Full text– Reviews

ONIX

• Acronym for “ONline Information eXchange”• A standard designed to facilitate exchange of bibliographic

information from publishers to booksellers• Maintained by EDItEUR in conjunction with BISG (US)

and BIC (UK)• Contains elements that go beyond what MARC record

contains, including some multimedia files:– Front and back cover images– Publishers’ descriptions – Book reviews– Excerpts/sample chapters– Related sound/video files

BEAT

• Acronym for “Bibliographic Enrichment Advisory Team”

• A program of the Library of Congress Cataloging Directorate

• Initiatives to add data to bibliographic records, including:– dTOC – digital tables of contents– ONIX Descriptions – publishers’ descriptions of books– ONIX Sample Texts – excerpts, cover images

LC Catalog records

• In the public display in LC’s catalog, there might be an extra section called “Links” with (for example):– Links: Sample text– Links: Publisher description– Links: Table of contents

• An example of an LC bib record with all three enhancements is:The Evolutionary emergence of language : social function and the origins of linguistic form / edited by Chris Knight, Michael Studdert-Kennedy, James R. Hurford.(Cambridge University Press, 2000)

LC Browse Screen

LC bib record with links

LC MARC Record

LC Sample text

LC Publisher description

Third party enhancements

• Blackwell (TOCs back to 1991)• Syndetic Solutions (also cover art and sample

texts)• New venture among college libraries, CLIR,

Mellon, RLG, DLF, ARL for pre-1990 monographs– Robert Kieft, “

Collaborative Project to Enhance Library Catalog Browsing” CLIR Issues, no. 36, March/April 2004

Visual resources enhancements

Digital assets management (DAM) systems

• The Museum System• MDID• Luna• Canto from Cumulus • DLXS (open source)• Vernon Systems• Multi Mimsy• ContentDM• Greenstone (opensource)• Fedora

Modules purchased from ILS vendors

• Innovative (MAP and WebBridge)

• SIRSI (Hyperion: Digital Media Archive)

• Endeavor (ENCompass for Digital Collections)

• Ex libris (ALEPH Digital Asset Module (ADAM))

• GEAC (none, but has Syndetic Solutions)

• Dynix (Horizon Digital Library)• VTLS (Vital)

Music related enhancements

• FRBR

• Incipits

• Audio

• Score images

The FRBR ModelFunctional Requirements for

Bibliographic Records• Report published in 1997 by IFLA (International

Federation of Library Associations and Institutes)• Conceptual model of the entities and relationships

inherent in the bibliographic universe independent of any cataloging code or implementation

• Within the context of a changing cataloging environment

FRBREntities

• Group 1 Entities“products of intellectual and artistic endeavor”

– Work (a distinct intellectual or artistic creation; an abstract entity)

– Expression (the intellectual or artistic realization of a work; an abstract entity)

– Manifestation (the physical embodiment of an expression of a work; a concrete entity)

– Item (a single exemplar of a manifestation; a concrete entity)

w1 Shakespeare’s Hamlete1 translation to French by André Gide

m1 1930 publication by La Tortuei1 copy at BMC Rare Book Room

FRBREntities

• Group 2 Entities“those responsible for the intellectual or artistic content, the physical production and dissemination, or the custodianship of the entities in the first group”

– Person (an individual)– Corporate Body (an organization or group of

individuals and/or organizations acting as a unit)

FRBREntities

• Group 3 Entities“subjects of works”

– Concept (an abstract notion or idea)– Object (a material thing)– Event (an action or occurrence)– Place (a location)

FRBRRelationships: Within Group 1

Expression

Manifestation

Item

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

Work

Also:•work to work•expression to expression•manifestation to manifestation•item to item•whole to part

w1 J.S. Bach’s Goldberg variationse1 performance by Glenn Gould recorded in 1981

m1 recording released on 33 1/3 rpm sound disc in 1982 by CBS Records

i1 copy held at SCm2 recording re-released on compact disc in 1993 by Sony

i1 first copy held at HCi2 second copy held at HC

e2 performance by Ton Koopman recorded in 1987m1 recording released on compact disc in 1988 by Erato

i1 copy held at HCe3 keyboard score edited by Ralph Kirkpatrick

m1 edition published in 1938 by G. Shirmeri1 copy held at BMC

FRBRRelationships: Between Entities

• Between Group 1 and Group 2 Entities

• Between Group 1 and Group 3 Entities

is the subject of

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Person

Person

Corporate body

Corporate body

is created by

is realized by

is produced by

is owned by

Concept Work

FRBRUses

• Save time (works need only be cataloged once, etc.); easier cataloging

• Searches produce better results• Brings together multiple manifestations in music• Better logic and organization• VTLS Virtua’s “FRBR-ized” Catalog • Innovative developing a FRBR “key”• OCLC trials / XWC (Extended WorldCat)• RLG Web Union Catalog / RedLightGreen• Indiana University’s Variations 2 Digital Music Library

Incipits

• MARBI/RISM– Machine-Readable Bibliographic Information

committee (ALA)– Répertoire International des Sources Musicales /

International Inventory of Musical Sources

• Discussion Paper 2004-DP01: Changes Needed to Accommodate RISM Data--Music Incipits

• Plaine & Easie Code / DARMS • http://www.loc.gov/marc/marbi/2004/2004-dp01.h

tml

Audio

• Linking to streaming audio via field 856– Full content providers such as Classical Music

Library, Naxos Music Library, etc.– Digital surrogates a la Indiana University’s

Variations Digital Music Library

• Linking individual tracks in place of contents note (like TOC enhancements)– Short clips like in Amazon, B&N, Borders, etc.

Audio

• Potential players:– Indivdual music libraries– OCLC– LC BEAT committee– MARBI– Loudeye.com

• Perhaps a project for CLIR, Mellon, and others

Scores

• See Jenn Riley’s list of online scanned score collections (on our conference blog)

• How representation of score images might effect the design of library catalog interfaces– LC’s “I Hear America Singing”