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Enrichment of Mushroom Compost Heap Quality Azotobacter and
BriljanFaculty of Agriculture, University Singaperbangsa Karawang
* Correspondent Author:
Abstract – Azotobacter and Pseudomenrich the quality of mushroom compost heap new ameliorant and able to improve thecauliflower (Brassica oleracea). A different levels of combination materials of Phase-1 study has resulting the best of combination formula that is 10% AzotobacterPseudomonas and had given the highest point population bacteria of Azotobacter throughout composting time. The highest population bacteria of Azotobacter found on day 21thattotal of soil; whilst that of Pseudomonas emerges on dayof 197.17 x 105 CFU/g soil. Similar treatment gives the fastest reducing ratio of CN as well. In terms of chemical matters, the combination of 10% Azotobacter + 10% had also resulting the highest new ameliorant portion combination of ameliorant were Phase-2 studyand were applied to the selected ratio of one to two of compost ameliorant formulation and were applied as a planting cauliflower in the nursery time. Result of the Phaseshowed that this composition formulation had highest performing in height as well as in cauliflower.
Keywords – Ameliorant, Azotobacter, Mushroom
Heap, Pseudomonas.
I. I NTRODUCTION
Quality improvement of compost using biological agentaims to meet the nutrient that is quite low in this type of fertilizer. Hamastuti et al., (2012) explainorganism can be used to enrich the quality of nutrients are best applied as a biological fertilizer to compost which is then used in the cultivation process. The use of some types of functional microbial metabolite outcomes can improve various types of compost nutrients will have an impact on improving the quality of the compost obtained. According Widawatial., (2003) that in order to produce high quality compostis necessary to add bio-activator containing nitrogen and phosphorus that can be inoculant. Pseudomonasare examplesof a functional microbe that have been widely used as a biological fertilizer in order to improve the quality of the compost in the form of N and P.
It has been widely known that Azotobacterability to fixing N so that its presence in the soil meet the needs of N for plants. Razie and Iswandi (2005) reported that Azotobacter obtained from rhizosphererice variety IR 64 in peat lands can improve nutrient absorb of nitrogen by rice plants up to 188%. able to convert nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere into
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International Journal of Agriculture Innovations an d ResearchVolume 5, Issue 5, ISSN (Online)
Enrichment of Mushroom Compost Heap Quality nd Pseudomonas as a Renewable
Ameliorant
Briljan Sudjana*, Muharam and Vera Subardja Faculty of Agriculture, University Singaperbangsa Karawang, Jl HS Ronggowaluyo Telukjambe Karawang, Indonesia
* Correspondent Author: [email protected]; [email protected]
Pseudomonas were able to compost heap to become a
able to improve the performance of A different levels of
has resulting the best Azotobacter + 10%
highest point in total and Psedomonas
. The highest population bacteria 51,000 x 105 CFU/g
emerges on day 14th at total . Similar treatment gives the fastest
reducing ratio of CN as well. In terms of chemical matters, + 10% Pseudomonas
new ameliorant quality. Its were implemented in the
to the selected composition ameliorant and soil
planting medium of a cauliflower in the nursery time. Result of the Phase-2 study
formulation had gave the in dry weight of the
Mushroom Compost
NTRODUCTION
compost using biological agent to meet the nutrient that is quite low in this type of
(2012) explain that the organism can be used to enrich the quality of nutrients that are best applied as a biological fertilizer in soil or attached to compost which is then used in the cultivation process. The use of some types of functional microbial which
can improve various types of nutrients will have an impact on improving the
tained. According Widawati et (2003) that in order to produce high quality compost, it
activator containing nitrogen and phosphorus that can be inoculant. Azotobacter and
of a functional microbe that been widely used as a biological fertilizer in order to
improve the quality of the compost in the form of N and P. Azotobacter has the
N so that its presence in the soil be able to ants. Razie and Iswandi (2005) obtained from rhizosphere of
lands can improve nutrient of nitrogen by rice plants up to 188%. Azotobacter
) in the atmosphere into
ammonia (NH4+) through the process of nitrogen fixation,
where the ammonia produced is converted into protein needed by plants (Saribay & Fidan, 2003). The addition of Azotobacter in compost besideof N content in compost, itcomposting time because it can increase the amount of N during the composting so that the rate of decline in C / N ratio run faster. Hamastuti et aladding Azotobacter is able to increase nitrogen levels up to 500% in sewage sludge compost dairy processing industry.
Pseudomonas sp is one of functional microbe that hasability to dissolve P. Ginting and Soul (2006) explainedthat Pseudomonas fluorescens is able to increase the solubility of P from natural phosphate atppm, increasing the solubility of AlPO30.6 ppm and increasing P available on the ppm to 34.8 ppm. P in the soil quite a lot but low availability to plants. Enrichment of organic matter duringcomposting Pseudomonas were able to increase the population of Pseudomonas so that when the compost is inserted into the planting mediabsorbing nutrients P in soil. Application of inoculant Pseudomonason compost in large amountthe population in soil so that the competition between microorganisms in the soil does not affect the solubility of P in the soil (Ginting & Soul, 2006).
The composition of planting media to the cauliflowers. The composition of planting mediawill support the vegetative cauliflower plants. Organic fertilizer can increase the number of P and K in the planting medi2003). While Khai (2007) addedcan improve the balance of N in the soil. The availabilityof nutrients during the seedlingstarter and the plant will not stress when transferred to cultivate. The use of compost enriched as seedlingproviding improved quality of apart from adequate nutrients can also stimulate root growth better because compost has the ability to improve the physical, chemical and biological inorganic fertilizers. (Subardja et al
The purpose of this study waAzotobacter sp and Pseudomonas spand enrichedits compost with the best Azotobacter sp and Pseudomonas spthe quality of the produced compost an new ameliorant. Compost with the best inocdose is then applied as a planting
Manuscript Processing Details (dd/mm/yyyy) :Received: 01/04/2017 | Accepted on : 06/04/2017 | Published :
International Journal of Agriculture Innovations an d Research
, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473
Enrichment of Mushroom Compost Heap Quality Using as a Renewable
Jl HS Ronggowaluyo Telukjambe Karawang, Indonesia [email protected]
) through the process of nitrogen fixation, where the ammonia produced is converted into protein
Fidan, 2003). The addition of beside increasing the availability
, it can also shorten the because it can increase the amount of N
during the composting so that the rate of decline in C / N et al., (2012) suggests that
able to increase nitrogen levels up to 00% in sewage sludge compost dairy processing
functional microbe that has Ginting and Soul (2006) explained
fluorescens is able to increase the phosphate at 16.4 ppm to 59.9
the solubility of AlPO4 from 28.5 ppm to 30.6 ppm and increasing P available on the soil from 17.7 ppm to 34.8 ppm. P in the soil quite a lot but low availability to plants. Enrichment of organic matter during
were able to increase the so that when the compost is
inserted into the planting media it can simplify plant in soil. Application of inoculant
compost in large amounts can increase soil so that the competition between
microorganisms in the soil does not affect the solubility of & Soul, 2006).
ing media has much influence composition of planting media
will support the vegetative and generative phase of cauliflower plants. Organic fertilizer can increase the number of P and K in the planting media (Berry et al.,
hai (2007) added that organic fertilizers rove the balance of N in the soil. The availability
of nutrients during the seedling phase would be a good starter and the plant will not stress when transferred to
of compost enriched as seedling media providing improved quality of cauliflower plants because apart from adequate nutrients can also stimulate root growth better because compost has the ability to improve
ical, chemical and biological thatunable to do by et al., 2016).
his study was to get the best dose of Pseudomonas sp during composting
the best total population of Pseudomonas spin order to improve
compost chemical properties as . Compost with the best inoculation
planting mediumof cauliflower.
Manuscript Processing Details (dd/mm/yyyy) : /2017 | Published : 14/04/2017
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II. M ATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was conducted ina Greenhouse of the Faculty from May to July 2016.Research using mushroom compost heap nearest farmers that was consists of composition straw, cotton, and lime. Compost enrichment was Azotobacter sp and Pseudomonas sp with a density of 10CFU / ml carrier material. Analysis of the total population of Azotobacter sp was using NFM media while Pseudomonas spwas using PDA. Calculation of total colonies was using a colony counter while the chemicalquality compost was using spectro-photometryratio using the C / N analyzer.
The study conducted in two stages using a single randomized block design. The Phasedetermine the dose inoculation AzotobacterPseudomonas sp with treatment A = without inoculation, B = 5% Azotobacter sp + 5% Pseudomonas spAzotomonas sp + 10% Pseudomonas spAzotobacter sp + 10 % Pseudomonastreatments was repeated 4 times to obtain 16 experimental units. Microbial inoculation performed on 250 g of mushroom compost heaps that had been sterilized and composted for 28 days. Observations were made every 7 days on 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation with the observation that the total population parameter Azotobacter and Pseudomonas and C / N ratiof the composting, the chemical propertiesnutrient C, total N, total P and totalcontentwas measured.
The Phase two of this study conducted resultsof the test compost obtained in the preceding for planting media of cauliflower. The treatment consists of 5 different planting media compositions that soil, K1 = not enriched compost, K2 = 1 K3 = 1 compost + 2 soils and K4 = 1 compost The whole treatment was repeated 4 times to obtain 20 experimental units. Planting mediawaseedling and sowing seeds of cauliflower for 7 days, at day 7 the whole growing seedling was transferred to cultivate into a polybag and piled. The study then continued until 14 days after sowing. Observations were made at 7 and 14 days after sowing in terms of height and dry weight.
III. R ESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Stage 1: Enrichment of Mushroom with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas. The Total Population of AzotobacterPseudomonas
Based on the analysis results, there inoculation Azotobacter and Pseudomonas population of Azotobacter at various times of observations. The use of dose inoculation 10% Azotobacter + 10% Pseudomonas on composting media of mushroom compost heap providedpopulation of Azotobacte rat 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation and significantly different in the treatment of
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International Journal of Agriculture Innovations an d ResearchVolume 5, Issue 5, ISSN (Online)
ETHODS
a Laboratory and from May to July
mushroom compost heap from the composition of rice
enrichment was using with a density of 106
CFU / ml carrier material. Analysis of the total population using NFM media while
. Calculation of total using a colony counter while the chemical
photometry and C / N
two stages using a single block design. The Phase-1 study was to
Azotobacter sp and with treatment A = without inoculation,
Pseudomonas sp, C = 5% Pseudomonas sp and D = 10%
Pseudomonas. The whole was repeated 4 times to obtain 16 experimental
units. Microbial inoculation performed on 250 g of straw been sterilized and
composted for 28 days. Observations were made every 7 days on 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation with the observation that the total population parameter of
and C / N ratio. At the end properties that includes
C, total N, total P and totalK, pH and water
study conducted by using the best the test compost obtained in the preceding Phase
. The treatment consists media compositions that are K0 =
= 1 compost + 1 soil, compost + 3 soils.
The whole treatment was repeated 4 times to obtain 20 Planting mediawas inserted into
seedling and sowing seeds of cauliflower for 7 days, at day transferred to cultivate
tudy then continued until 14 days after sowing. Observations were made at 7 and 14 days after sowing in terms of height and dry weight.
ISCUSSION
ushroom Compost Heap
opulation of Azotobacter and
there were influence of Pseudomonas to the total
at various times of . The use of dose inoculation 10%
on composting media d a highest total
7, 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation and significantly different in the treatment of
5% Azotobacter + 10 % Pseudomonas without enrichment.
Figure.1, showed an incrementAzotobacter from the observation then decreased at day 28 in all trtotal population was on the observation treated by 10% Azotobacter gave the highest total population of 51,000 x 105 CFU g-1 soil and significantly different from the treatment of 5% Azotobactersp and without enrichment, i24,000 Azotobacter sp x 105 CFU g
In contrast to the total population of Figure 2. the Pseudomonascomposting fluctuated on all treatments. The increment occurred in the observation at 14and decreased at day 21 of observation, however, the population increased again at day 28 of observation, but not as much as the population at day 14 of observation
Fig. 1. Effect of dose enrichment AzotobacterPseudomonas sp to the total population of Azotobacter
various times of observation.
Fig. 2. Effect of dose enrichment Pseudomonas sp to sp total Pseudomonas
various times of observation.
The total population of Pseudomonas the highest point due to treatment of 10% 10% Pseudomonas at day 14 of observation that wamuch as 197.17 x 105 CFU g-1
99,170 x 105 CFU g-1 soil which is The decline in the total populatioccurred at21 days after inoculation, where the lowest
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, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473
Pseudomonas and treatment
an incrementof the total population of from the observation at day 7 to day 21 and
then decreased at day 28 in all treatments. The highest s on the observation ofday 21 which
+ 10% Pseudomonas had highest total population of Azotobacter that is
soil and significantly different from 5% Azotobacter sp + 10% Pseudomonas
and without enrichment, i.e. a total population of CFU g-1 soil.
In contrast to the total population of Azotobacter, in total population during
composting fluctuated on all treatments. The increment occurred in the observation at 14 days after inoculation and decreased at day 21 of observation, however, the population increased again at day 28 of observation, but not as much as the population at day 14 of observation
Effect of dose enrichment Azotobacter sp and
tal population of Azotobacter at various times of observation.
Effect of dose enrichment of Azotobacter sp and Pseudomonas population at
various times of observation.
Pseudomonas (Figure 2) showed treatment of 10% Azotobacter +
at day 14 of observation that was as 1 soil, while the lowest was
which is without enrichment. e total population of Pseudomonas
after inoculation, where the lowest
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population was up to 19,500 x 105 CFU genrichment, but increased at day 28 to 34,000 x 105 CFU g-1 soil. In general, the highest total population of Pseudomonas was 10% Azotobacter + 10% on the observation day 7, 14, 21 and 28 with respectivetotal population of Pseudomonas was 40,000, 197 170,54 000 and 108 330 x 105 CFU g-1 soil.
Enrichment of a type of microbe in composting process will increase the diversity of microbes during composting. Azotobacter and Pseudomonas which with the greater number of organic material multiply more quickly so that the population durincomposting will become dominant, it wastudy resultsof Danapriatna (2012) which statedincrease in the population of Azotobacterenriched N fixing microbes in soil. Rao (2001) explainedthat the enrichment of Azotobacter and on vermin-compost increased the total population of Nfree fixing bacteria (free living Nitrification bacteria) and increased phosphate solubilizing microbes on organic materials composted for 3 weeks.
Study results of Rajani (2001) explainincrease of phosphate solubilizing micwas highest in vermin-compost on week decrease in the next week. It was in line with the results of this study that an increase of Azotobacter21 days after inoculation, the log phasehappened at days 14 to 21of composting day decreased at day 28, it might be caused by at initial time of composting still perform adaptation phase as the temperature fluctuations so fluctuation population of Azotobacter spSudjana (2015) explained that the fluctuation microbial population was caused by temperature fluctuations during composting process. Decline Rate of the C/N ratio
Inoculation of Azotobacter and mushroom compost heap gave significant effect on the decline rate of C / N ratio. Inoculation Azotobacter+ 10% Pseudomonas providedecline rate which significantly different when compared to other treatments.
The fastest decline rate of C / N ratio treatment of 10% Azotobacter + 10% Pseudomonas the decline rate of C / N ratio on observation day 7, 1and 28 respectively were 46,033; 3516,033 and significantly different with
Table 1. Effect of Azotobacter sp and Pseudomonas sp inoculation
Description: Different letters behind the numbers showed significantly different results.
Treatment
A (without enrichment) B (5% Azoto + 5% Pseudo) C (5% Azoto + 10% Pseudo) D (10% Azoto + 10% Pseudo)
39.40a33.74b30.01b29.00c
CV (%) 2.99
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International Journal of Agriculture Innovations an d ResearchVolume 5, Issue 5, ISSN (Online)
CFU g-1 soil without 28 to 34,000 x 105 CFU
total population of + 10% Pseudomonas
on the observation day 7, 14, 21 and 28 with respective was 40,000, 197 170, 1 soil.
a type of microbe in composting process will increase the diversity of microbes during composting.
which were inoculated organic material were able to
multiply more quickly so that the population during sting will become dominant, it was in line with the
Danapriatna (2012) which stated that an Azotobacter on compost
. Rao (2001) explained and Pseudomonas sp
the total population of N-fication bacteria) and
robes on organic
(2001) explained that the phosphate solubilizing microbes population
on week 3 and returned to in line with the results of
Azotobacter sp population at phaseof Azotobacter sp
of composting day and e caused by the population
composting still perform adaptation phase so that impact the
Azotobacter sp. Subardja and fluctuation of total
caused by temperature
and Pseudomonas on significant effect on the
C / N ratio. Inoculation of 10% provided the most rapid
tly different when compared
C / N ratio was in the Pseudomonas where
C / N ratio on observation day 7, 14, 21 5,533; 21,867 and
with other treatments.
Treatment without enrichment providedrate of 49,200; 40,667; 25,767 and 18,
One indicator of compost maturity the C / N ratio. Organic materials undergowill experience organic C declinemicrobe which produced N, so the value of C / N ratiodecreased. The decline rate of materials enriched 10% Azotobacterwasfaster compared to other treatments, materials enriched N-fixing microbemicrobes couldprovide N and P for microbdecomposition of C by microbe
According to the regulations of Minister of Agriculture of Republic Indonesia in 2009 the ideal C / N ratiocompost was 15-25. This study was in accordance with that regulation at day 28 after inoculation. The process of waste decomposition of mushroom waste medenriched N fixing and P solubilizing microbes occurred ideally. The slow decline rate of C / N ratio indicated that microbes growth was decompositionindicated byuncontrolled microbes growth that formed aerobic composting and(odours). Suriadikarta and Setyorini (2006) explained that the use of compost with high negative impact for plants due to the deficiency of N
Fig. 3. Effect of Azotobacterspinoculation on the decline rate of
time of observation Chemical Properties of a New Ameliorant
Based on analysis results different of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas the chemical properties of the compost obtained. Table 1.showed the chemical compost as a new ameliorant
sp and Pseudomonas sp inoculation to chemical properties of waste
mushroom
letters behind the numbers showed significantly different results.
Chemical Properties of Organic FertilizerC Organic N Total P Total K Total
-------------%---------- --ppm-- ----------%------------39.40a 33.74b 30.01b 29.00c
0.47c 0.51b 0.53ab 0.56a
32.25b 33.53b 35.73a 36.67a
1.71d 2.05c 2.46b 3.00a
2.99 2.34 2.08 6.02
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, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473
ment without enrichment providedthe lowest decline 49,200; 40,667; 25,767 and 18,500.
maturity was the decreaseof C / N ratio. Organic materials undergone weathering
decline due to degradation of N, so the value of C / N ratio
rate of C / N ratio on organic Azotobacter + 10% Pseudomonas
faster compared to other treatments, due to organic fixing microbe and P solubilizing
N and P for microbes thus e more optimal.
to the regulations of Minister of Agriculture 2009 the ideal C / N ratio of
his study was in accordance with at day 28 after inoculation. The process of
mushroom waste medium solubilizing microbes had
decline rate of C / N ratio indicated that microbes growth was slow while in the rapid
uncontrolled microbes growth aerobic composting and produce volatile gases
(odours). Suriadikarta and Setyorini (2006) explained that high C / N ratio would cause a due to the deficiency of N.
3. Effect of Azotobacter sp and Pseudomonas
rate of C / N ratio at various time of observation
a New Ameliorant on analysis results there were significant
Pseudomonas inoculation on of the compost ameliorant the chemical properties of
as a new ameliorant for each treatment.
of waste compost of straw
letters behind the numbers showed significantly different results. α = 0.05.
Chemical Properties of Organic Fertilizer Moisture pH
------------ 68.04a 65.87ab 63.83b 63.74b
8.6a 8.5a 8.5ab 8.3b
2.32 2.9
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The highest C-organic content watreatment without enrichment of 39.4% and significantly different with other treatments, while the lowest content of C-organic presented in the treatment of sp + 10% Pseudomonas of 29%. The N, P and K total was in the treatment of 10% + 10% Pseudomonas and lowest in the enrichment. The highest N total significantly different with the treatmentAzotobacter + 10% Pseudomonas without enrichment only 0.47%. the highest P total was significantly different with the treatment of 5%Azotobacter + 10% Pseudomonas without enrichment. The significant different was found in K totalAzotobacter + 10% Pseudomonas resultedlowest in the treatment without enrichment
The high of C-organic content of compost withoutenrichment might be caused by the low numbermicrobes populations contained in compost compared withcompost enriched. The low of microbial population affected the high number of undegradable organic highest content of N, P, and K was in the treatment of 10% Azotobacter + 10% Pseudomonas due to the compost hadN-fixing and P soluibilizing microbes which higher than other treatments. In line with Rao et alobtained the highes availability of nutrients overmi-compost and manure enrichment
Azotobacter and Pseuodomonas during the composting period of these materials. Enrichment of compost with Azotobacter, Pseuodomonas, and phosphate rock wereable to increase the nutrient content of N and P around 1.75% compared with without enrichment Kavita and Subramanian (2007).
The water content in the treatment without enrichment was 68.04%, highest compared to other treatments, not significantly different with the Azotobacter + 10% Pseudomonas different to the treatment of 10% AzotobacterPseudomonas with water content of 63.75 %. TpH 8.3 found in treatment of 10% AzotobacterPseudomonas and showed significantly different without enrichment that is pH 8.6.
The water content and pH are the chemical properties were much influenced by external factors during composting. Subardja et al., (2015) explainedof Aspergillus with different doses during affect the microbes to produce compost therefore content and pH were varied. Lower water content compost-enriched indicated the use more water caused by higher microbial populations than the compost enriched. Stage 2: Biological Test of Enriched Ameliorant of Cauliflowers
Based on the results of the Phase 1.scompost enriched 10% Azotobacter + 10% was the best, then composting conducted based on treatment which furtherly used asan ameliorant for planting mediaon cauliflower seedlingobservation of plant height and plant dry14 days after sowing so the data obtained
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organic content was found in the % and significantly
other treatments, while the lowest content of of 10% Azotobacter
29%. The highest content of in the treatment of 10% Azotobacter and lowest in the treatment without
total was0.56% which the treatment of 5%
without enrichment was 36.67 ppm and
the treatment of 5% without enrichment. The
total, in which 10% resulted 3:00% and the
lowest in the treatment without enrichment of 1.71%. content of compost without
be caused by the low numberof populations contained in compost compared with
microbial population of undegradable organic C. The
and K was in the treatment of 10% due to the compost
ing and P soluibilizing microbes which higher et al., (2012) which
nutrients on compost
during the composting nrichment of compost with
and phosphate rock were able to increase the nutrient content of N and P of compost
without enrichment Kavita
in the treatment without enrichment other treatments, but
with the treatment of 5% Pseudomonas and significantly
Azotobacter + 10% of 63.75 %. The lowest
Azotobacter + 10% significantly different to
the chemical properties re much influenced by external factors during
(2015) explained that the use with different doses during composting
icrobes to produce compost therefore water water content levels in
use more water caused by e compost without
nriched Compost as
study, showed that + 10% Pseudomonas
composting conducted based on that an ameliorant for
seedling. Based on the observation of plant height and plant dry weight at 7 and
obtained as presented in
in Table 2.
Table 2. Effect of various media composition height and plant dry weight
Planting media composition
Plant Height7 DAP
-----------Soil
Compost without enrichment 1 ameliorant + 1 soil 1 ameliorant + 2 soil 1 ameliorant + 3 soil
2.437b1.250c3.170ab3.300a2.962ab
CV (%) 18.80Description: Different letters behind the numbers showed significantly different results. α = 0
Table 2. illustrated that the dose in planting media significantly effected and dry weight both at 7 and 14 days after sowing. Plant height at 7 days after seedling waof 1 ameliorant+ 2 soil that significantly different with treatment soil and treatment of 1 ameliorantplant height at 7days after sowingof compostwithout enrichmentthat was results were obtained in the observations of 14 days after sowing, treatment 1 compost plant height of 5.740 cm and the treatment of soil and compostplant height 2.850 cm. The combination of compost enriched Azotobacter and Trichodermaplanting medium was also used by Espiritu (2011) and provided the most excellent plant height on green bean compared to compost without enrichment+
Plant dry weight at 7 days after sowingthe treatment of 1 ameliorant + 1 0.117 g and significantly differentameliorant + 3 soil, soil and compost with plant dry weight, respectively 0.067 g, 0.035 g and 0.010 g. At 14 days after sowing, plant dry weight wahighest in treatment 1ameliorantand only different withtreatment compost 0.010 g. The use of compost Azotobacter and Trichodermamedia gave the higher biomass yield use of compost without enriched (Espiritu, 2011). Similar results were obtained in the study which stated that an increase ofplants which planting with media The same study results also obtained from Abdelaz(2007) which used a mixture of soil with compost enrwith a ratio of 1: 2 revealed the besttreatments.
Fig. 4. Effect of various composition of in Cauliflower
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, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473
media composition on plant height and plant dry weight of cauliflower
Plant Height Dry Weight 7 DAP 14 DAP 7 DAP 14 DAP ----------cm------- -----------g----------2.437b 1.250c 3.170ab 3.300a 2.962ab
4.362b 2.850c 5.082ab 5.740a 4.807ab
0.035bc 0.010c 0.117a 0.075ab 0.067b
0.262a 0.010b 0.282a 0.342a 0.240a
18.80 13.32 47.81 42.10 Description: Different letters behind the numbers showed
α = 0.05
dose of compost ameliorant significantly effected on plant height
14 days after sowing. Plant eight at 7 days after seedling was highest in the treatment
+ 2 soil that was 3.300 cm but not treatment of 1 ameliorant + 1
ameliorant+ 3 soil. The lowest owing found in the treatment
that was 1.250 cm. Similar results were obtained in the observations of 14 days after
compost + 2 soil provided highest and significantly different with
the treatment of soil and compost without enrichmentof 850 cm. The combination of compost
Trichoderma with soil as a s also used by Espiritu (2011) and
excellent plant height on green bean enrichment+ soil.
eight at 7 days after sowing was highest in + 1 soil with a dry weight of
117 g and significantly different withthe treatment of 1 , soil and compost without enrichment
with plant dry weight, respectively 0.067 g, 0.035 g and after sowing, plant dry weight was ameliorant + 2 soil that was 0.342 g
treatment without enrichment compost 0.010 g. The use of compost enriched
Trichoderma on green bean seedling the higher biomass yield compared with the
use of compost without enriched (Espiritu, 2011). Similar ed in the study of Shazadet al., (2008)
ich stated that an increase of fresh biomass grown bean media compost enriched+ soil. obtained from Abdelaz is et al
a mixture of soil with compost enriched with a ratio of 1: 2 revealed the best high crop of other
composition of planting media
auliflower seedling
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The use of enriched compost with N fixing microbe P solubilizing could provide a better compared with without compost or compost. The appearance of plants that grow in the media of soil and compost enriched would be better, it to compost enriched Azotobacter and enough nutrients as a planting media so that the nutrient needs at the initial of seeds imbibition already available. Beside the availability of more N and Pthe ability to produce in dole acetic acid (inAcid / IAA), which acted as a growth regulator and required when seeds were planted. IAA had a positive impact for plant growth, especially in seedling, IAA could be produced by several strains of Azotobacter isolated from soil (Egamber2010). Yildirim et al (2009) reported that the use of the same inoculant (Azotobacter + Pseudomonasused as cauliflower growing medium providecrops and highest plant weight compareenrichment or singly enrichment.
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on observations of Phase 1.study,
inoculation formula of 10% AzotobacterPseudomonas as the best dose for the total population of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas. The ameliorant produced at the dose has the fastest decliningratio compared to other doses and controlbestperformingchemical properties of compost is also contained in compost with in noculation10% Azotobacter + 10% Pseudomonascomposition formula of planting mediawas shown by theameliorant + 2 soil provides the best performingheight and plant dry weight compared to other media compositions.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors thanks to the Ministry of Research, Technology
and Higher Study of Indonesia whom had gave us thefinancial support and sponsored the research activities.Also thanks to the team whom had dedicated his/her works with their time spent and loyalty. May its next Stage 3 study Research Plan willing to hands-onSponsorship as is that this final stage is to perform a Renewable Compost Patent and academic paper issues.
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[2] Berry PM, R Stockdale, R Sylvester, B L Philipps, KA Smith, EI Lord, CA Watson and S Fortune. 2003. N, P, K budgets for crop rotations on nine organic farms in the UK. Soil Use and Management Journal 19(2):112-118.
[3] Danapriatna N, T Simarmata, and IZ Nursinah. 2012. Field Restoration by Bio-Fertilizer Nitrogen Fixation and Rice Hays Compost. Journal Agri busines and Area Development2(3).
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International Journal of Agriculture Innovations an d ResearchVolume 5, Issue 5, ISSN (Online)
fixing microbe and provide a better plant performance
without enriched compost. The appearance of plants that grow in the mixed media of soil and compost enriched would be better, it due
and Pseudomonas had so that the nutrient
on already available. N and P, Azotobacter had
dole acetic acid (in dole Asetic as a growth regulator and
re planted. IAA had a positive impact for plant growth, especially in early phases of
be produced by several strains of isolated from soil (Egamber dieva et al,
2010). Yildirim et al (2009) reported that the use of the udomonas) on compost
growing medium provided high-yield compared to that without
1.study,the obtained Azotobacter + 10%
the best dose for the total population of ameliorant compost
declining rate of C / N and control. The compost ameliorant
noculation formula of Pseudomonas. The combination
was shown by the1 performing of plants
compared to other planting
CKNOWLEDGMENT
Research, Technology of Indonesia whom had gave us their
research activities. Also thanks to the team whom had dedicated his/her works with their time spent and loyalty. May its next Stage 3
on an Institutional as is that this final stage is to perform a
Renewable Compost Patent and academic paper issues.
Abdelazis M, R Pokluda and M Abdelwahab. 2007. Influence of compos, microorganism and NPK fertilizer upon growth,
oil production of officinalis. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot Cluj. 35(1): 86-
L Philipps, KA Smith, EI Lord, CA Watson and S Fortune. 2003. N, P, K budgets for crop rotations on nine organic farms in the UK. Soil Use and
IZ Nursinah. 2012. Paddy Fertilizer Nitrogen Fixation and Rice
and Area Development
[4] Egamberdieva D, G Berg, K Lindstorm and LA Rasanen. 2010. Co-inoculation of Pseudomonas spp. With Rhizobium improves growth and symbiotic performance(Galegaorientalis Lam). European 4): 269-272.
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[6] Ginting and CB Rohani. 2006. Microorganism, page 149. Research and Development Of Agriculture. Bogor (ID).
[7] Hamastuti H, E Dwi, SR Juliastuti dan N Hendrianie. 2012. Peran mikro organisme Azotobacter chroccum, Pseudomonas fluorescens dan Aspergillus niger pada pembuatan kompos limbah sludge industri pengolahan susu. Jurnal Teknik Pomits 1(1):1-5.
[8] Kavitha R and P Subramanian. 2007value added compost with microbial inoculants and organic additives. J. Appl. Sci 7(17): 2514
[9] Khai MN, PQ Ha and I Öborn. 2007. Nutrient flows in smallscale periurban vegetable farming systems in Southeast Asiacase study in Hanoi. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment journal 122:192–202.
[10] Rajani BS. 2001. Biodiversitybiochemical characteristics during composting and vermicomposting of urban solid waste [Thesis] Univ. Agric. Sci., Bangalore India.
[11] Rao R. 2001, Assessment of microbiological and biochemical quality of urban compost and its impact on soil health. [Disertation] Univ. Agric. Sci., Bangalore (India).
[12] Rao CH, MN Sreenivasa, NS Hebsur, G Shirnalli, HB Babalad. 2012. Influence of microbial enrichment on microbial population and nutrient status of organic manure. JScience 25(4):545-547.
[13] Razie F dan I Anas. 2005. Produced Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). Jurnal Tanah danLingkungan 7(1):35-39.
[14] Saribay and G Fildan. 2003. Growth and nitrogen fixation dynamics of Azotobacter chroocumin nitrogencontaining medium.
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[16] Subardja VO, I Anas and R Widyastuti. 2015. organic fertilizer to increase paddy growth and productivity using System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method in saline soil.Seminar NasionalIlmu Tanah Indonesia (HITI).Brawijaya 28-31 Oktober 2015. Malang (ID).
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[19] Sudjana B, VO Subardja and Organical waste Decomposting Under Limited Oxigen by gillus and its Effect to the Quality of FertilizersSeminar NasionalIlmu Tanah Indonesia (HITI).Brawijaya 28-31 Oktober 2015. Malang (ID).
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[22] Yildirim E, H Karlidag, M Turan and MH Donmez. 2009. Potential of use plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in organic broccoli (Brassica oleraceceae
www. Ecofruit.net/..downloaded 28 Agustus 2016.
International Journal of Agriculture Innovations an d Research
, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473
Egamberdieva D, G Berg, K Lindstorm and LA Rasanen. 2010. inoculation of Pseudomonas spp. With Rhizobium improves
performance of Fodder Galega (Galegaorientalis Lam). European Journal of Soil Biology 46(3-
Espiritu BM. 2011. Use of compos microbial inoculation in container media for Mungbean (Vignaradiata L. Wilckzek) and
). International Society of Southeast Journal 17(1): 160-168.
CB Rohani. 2006. Phosphate Soluble Microorganism, page 149. Research and Development Of
Juliastuti dan N Hendrianie. 2012. organisme Azotobacter chroccum, Pseudomonas
fluorescens dan Aspergillus niger pada pembuatan kompos limbah sludge industri pengolahan susu. Jurnal Teknik Pomits
Kavitha R and P Subramanian. 2007. Bioactive compost - a value added compost with microbial inoculants and organic additives. J. Appl. Sci 7(17): 2514 - 2518. Khai MN, PQ Ha and I Öborn. 2007. Nutrient flows in small-scale periurban vegetable farming systems in Southeast Asia-A
study in Hanoi. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
Biodiversity of microorganisms and biochemical characteristics during composting and vermicomposting of urban solid waste [Thesis] Univ. Agric. Sci.,
Rao R. 2001, Assessment of microbiological and biochemical quality of urban compost and its impact on soil health. [Disertation] Univ. Agric. Sci., Bangalore (India). Rao CH, MN Sreenivasa, NS Hebsur, G Shirnalli, HB Babalad.
luence of microbial enrichment on microbial population and nutrient status of organic manure. Journal of Agricultural
zie F dan I Anas. 2005. Azotobacter spp. Potensial to Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). Jurnal Tanah dan
Saribay and G Fildan. 2003. Growth and nitrogen fixation chroocumin nitrogen-free and OMW
Shahzad SM, A Khalid, M Arsyad, M Khalid and I Mehboob. 2008. Integrated use of plant growth promoting bacteria and P-enriched compost for improving growth, yield and nodulation of Chikpea. Pak. J. Bot. 40(4):1435-1441.
R Widyastuti. 2015. Utilization of organic fertilizer to increase paddy growth and productivity
ng System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method in saline soil. alIlmu Tanah Indonesia (HITI). Universitas
31 Oktober 2015. Malang (ID). Subardja VO, I Anasdan R Widyastuti. 2016. Utilization of
paddy growth and productivity using System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method in saline soil. Journal of Degraded and Mining Land Management 3(2): 543-
Sudjana. 2015. Organic Composting Using as an Amelliorant for Paddy Field. JurnalIlmu
Perikanan. 4(1): 29-37. T Simarmata. 2015.Increement of
Organical waste Decomposting Under Limited Oxigen by As per and its Effect to the Quality of Fertilizers. Kongres XI dan
Seminar NasionalIlmu Tanah Indonesia (HITI). Universitas 31 Oktober 2015. Malang (ID).
D Setyorini. 2006. Quality of Organic Research and Development of Agriculture
Widawati S, Suliasih, and HJD Latupapua. 2003. The application of soil microbes from Wamena Botanical Garden as Biofertilizer (compost plus) on purple eggplant (Solanummelongena L). International Conference of Botanical Garden.Bali Botanical
Yildirim E, H Karlidag, M Turan and MH Donmez. 2009. Potential of use plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in organic
Brassica oleraceceae L.) production. www. Ecofruit.net/..downloaded 28 Agustus 2016.
Copyright © 201
AUTHORS’ PROFILES
Briljan Sudjana, born in BandungApril 1960, [email protected] Biotechnology-University PadjadjaranIndonesia. Senior Researcher and Senior Lecturer at the Agrotechnology Dept - University of Singaperbangsa Karawang - Indonesia. Elected as University Best Lecture Performance 2016, Currently
Vice Rector of the University. My Research concentrating in Landand Soil Restoration and Management of Land Resources Organic and Microbia research activity. Briljan Sudjana, Eng., M.Sc., M.B.A, is a member of Indonesian Soil Scientist Council Regional West Jawa-with duty in a Cooperative Sector.
Muharam, born in Bandung-Indonesia, 14 Juli 1961held a Master Degree in Soil Conservation and Land Management from University Padjadjaran Indonesia, [email protected], Senior Lecturer at the Agrotechnology Dept.-University of Singaperbangsa Karawang-Indonesia. Mostly focusing in Soil Conservation and Land Management field.
Mr. Muharam,, Eng., M.Sc., currently as the Vice Dean of Agriculture Faculty. Active in a Research of agricultural engineering.
Vera Subardja, born in KarawangOktober 1987, held a Master Degree in Biotechnology study from Bogor Agriculture University, [email protected], Ms. Vera Subanrdja, B.Sc,. M.Sc., is a Junior Lecturer at the Agrotechnology Dept- Univ. Singaperbangsa Karawang-Indonesia. She is mostly experiencing on
research that concentrating in micro-bacteria research for agricultural field.
Copyright © 2017 IJAIR, All right reserved 871
International Journal of Agriculture Innovations an d ResearchVolume 5, Issue 5, ISSN (Online)
born in Bandung-Indonesia, 16 [email protected], Ph.D. Candidates in
University Padjadjaran-cher and Senior Lecturer at
University of Singaper Indonesia. Elected as University
Best Lecture Performance 2016, Currently also as the Rector of the University. My Research concentrating in Landand
Soil Restoration and Management of Land Resources mainly under
Eng., M.Sc., M.B.A, is a member of Indonesian Soil with duty in a Cooperative
Indonesia, 14 Juli 1961, held a Master Degree in Soil Conservation and Land Management from University Padjadjaran Indonesia,
Senior Lecturer at the University of Singaperbangsa
Indonesia. Mostly focusing in Soil Conservation and Land Management field.
Mr. Muharam,, Eng., M.Sc., currently as the Vice Dean of Agriculture Faculty. Active in a Research of agricultural engineering.
born in Karawang-Indonesia, 29 a Master Degree in Bio -
technology study from Bogor Agriculture University,
Ms. Vera Subanrdja, B.Sc,. M.Sc., is a Junior Lecturer Univ. Singaperbangsa
Indonesia. She is mostly experiencing on bacteria research for agricultural
International Journal of Agriculture Innovations an d Research
, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473