ensefalitis2(1)

8/19/2019 ensefalitis2(1)

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ENSEFALITIS

Dr. Fransisca S. K (Fak. Kedokteran Univ. Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya @2000)

Disusun oleh :Fransisca Sylvana K.(00700037) GabrielaDa C.M.P.(01700!7)

San"y #osana($$700033)

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

%n&e'siin&e'si a*a sis"e+ sara& usa" +eni+bul'an +asalah +e*is yan, serius

*an +e+bu"uh'an en,enalan *an enan,anan se,era un"u' +e+er'ecil ,e-ala sisa

neurolo,is yan, serius *an +e+as"i'an 'elan,sun,an hi*u asien.

nse&ali"is a*alah ra*an, -arin,an o"a' yan, *aa" *isebab'an oleh berba,ai

+i'roor,anis+e seer"i ba'"eri/virus/arasi"/&un,us *an ri'e"sia.

Secara u+u+ ,e-ala ense&ali"is berua *e+a+/'e-an, *an 'esa*aran

+enurun.Penya'i" ini *aa" *i-u+ai a*a se+ua u+ur +ulai *ari ana'ana' sa+ai

oran, *easa.


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BAB II

ISI

%%.1. DF%%S%

nse&ali"is a*alah ra*an, -arin,an o"a'.(!/2)

%%.. %454G%

nse&ali"is *isebab'an oleh :

1- 6a'"eri

2- irus

3- Parasi"

4- Fun,us

5- #i'e"sia.(1//3/!/2)%%.3. K58S%F%K8S%

1.a.SF85%%S S9P9#8%8

6a'"eri enyebab ense&ali"is suura"iva a*alah : s"ahylococcus aureus/

s"re"ococcus/ .coli *an M."uberculosa.

1- Pa"o,enesis

Pera*an,an *aa" +en-alar 'e -arin,an o"a' *ari o"i"is

+e*ia/+as"oi*i"is/sinusi"is/a"au *ari ie+a yan, berasl *ari ra*an,/ abses *i

*ala+ aru/ bronchie'"asi/ e+ie+a/ os"eo+eyli"is craniu+/ &ra'"ur

"erbu'a/ "rau+a yan, +ene+bus 'e *ala+ o"a' *an "ro+bo&lebi"is.

#ea'si *ini -arin,an o"a' "erha*a 'u+an yan, bersaran, a*alah e*e+a/

'on,es"i yan, *isusul *en,an eluna'an *an e+ben"u'an abses.

Dise'elilin, *aerah yan, +era*an, berroli&erasi -arin,an i'a" *an

as"rosi" yan, +e+ben"u' 'asula. 6ila 'asula ecah "erben"u'lah abses

yan, +asu' ven"ri'el.

2- Mani&es"asi 'linis

Secara u+u+ ,e-ala berua "rias ense&ali"is

1.De+a+

.Ke-an,


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3.Kesa*aran +enurun

6ila ber'e+ban, +en-a*i abses serebri a'an "i+bul ,e-ala,e-ala in&e'si

u+u+/ "an*a"an*a +enin,'a"nya "e'anan in"racranial yai"u : nyeri 'eala

yan, 'roni' *an ro,resi&/+un"ah/ en,liha"an 'abur/ 'e-an,/ 'esa*aran

+enurun/ a*a e+eri'saan +un,'in "er*aa" e*e+a ail.an*a"an*a

*e&ici" neurolo,is" "er,an"un, a*a lo'asi *an luas abses.(/3/!/2)

2. SF85%%S S%P;


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#ab*ovirus : virus rabies

o,avirus : virus rubella &lavivirus (virus ense&ali"is =ean, 6/ virus

*en,ue)

Picornavirus : en"erovirus (virus olio/ co>sac'ie 8/6/echovirus)

8renavirus : virus 'orio+enin,i"is li+&osi"oria

. irus D8

;eres virus : her)es ?os"er(varisella/ her)es si+)le's/ si"o+e,alivirus/

virus s"einbarr

Po>virus : variola/ va'sinia

#e"rovirus : 8%DS

1- Mani&es"asi 'linis

Di+ulai *en,an *e+a+/ nyeri 'eala/ ver"i,o/ nyeri ba*an/ nausea/

'esa*aran +enurun/ "i+bul seran,an 'e-an,'e-an,/ 'a'u 'u*u'/

he+iaresis *an aralysis bulbaris.(1//3/!/2)

3. SF85%%S K8#8 P8#8S%

1. Malaria serebral

Plas+o*iu+ &alsi&aru+ enyebab "er-a*inya +alaria serebral.

Gan,,uan u"a+a "er*aa" *i*ala+ e+buluh *arah +en,enai arasi". Sel

*arah +erah yan, "erin&e'si las+o*iu+ &alsi&aru+ a'an +ele'a" sa"u sa+alainnya sehin,,a +eni+bul'an enyu+ba"anenyu+ba"an. ;e+orrha,ic

e"echia *an ne'rosis &o'al yan, "ersebar secara *i&us *i"e+u'an a*a

selau" o"a' *an -arin,an o"a'.

Ge-ala,e-ala yan, "i+bul : *e+a+ "in,,i.'esa*aran +enurun hin,,a 'o+a.

Kelainan neurolo,i' "er,an"un, a*a lo'asi 'erusa'an'erusa'an.

2. o>olas+osis

o>olas+a ,on*ii a*a oran, *easa biasanya "i*a' +eni+bul'an ,e-ala

,e-ala 'ecuali *ala+ 'ea*aan *en,an *aya i+uni"as +enurun. Di*ala+

"ubuh +anusia arasi" ini *aa" ber"ahan *ala+ ben"u' 'is"a "eru"a+a *i o"o"

*an -arin,an o"a'.

3. 8+ebiasis

!


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8+uba ,enus ae,leria *aa" +asu' 'e "ubuh +elalui hi*un, 'e"i'a

berenan, *i air yan, "erin&e'si *an 'e+u*ian +eni+bul'an +enin,o

ence&ali"is a'u". Ge-ala,e-alanya a*alah *e+a+ a'u"/ nausea/ +un"ah/ nyeri

'eala/ 'a'u 'u*u' *an 'esa*aran +enurun.

4. Sis"iser'osis

Cysticercus ceuosae ialah s"a*iu+ larva "aenia. 5arva +ene+bus +u'osa

*an +asu' 'e*ala+ e+buluh *arah/ +enyebar 'e seluruh ba*an. 5arva

*aa" "u+buh +en-a*i sis"iser'us/ berben"u' 'is"a *i *ala+ ven"ri'el *an

aren'i+ o"a'. 6en"u' rase+osanya "u+buh *i*ala+ +enin,es a"au "ersebar

*i*ala+ sis"erna. =arin,an a'an berea'si *an +e+ben"u' 'asula

*ise'i"arnya.

Ge-a-a,e-ala neurolo,i' yan, "i+bul "er,an"un, a*a lo'asi 'erusa'an.(/!)

4. SF85%%S K8#8 F9G9S

Fun,us yan, *aa" +enyebab'an ra*an, an"ara lain : can*i*a albicans/

Cry"ococcus neo&or+ans/Cocci*io*is/ 8ser,illus/ Fu+a,a"us *an Mucor

+ycosis. Ga+baran yan, *i"i+bul'an in&e'si &un,us a*a sis"i+ sara& usa"

ialah +enin,oense&ali"is urulen"a. Fa'"or yan, +e+u*ah'an "i+bulnya

in&e'si a*alah *aya i+uni"as yan, +enurun.(/!)

5. #%KS%4S%S S#6#%

#i'e"sia *aa" +asu' 'e *ala+ "ubuh +elalui ,i,i"an 'u"u *an *aa"

+enyebab'an nse&ali"is. Di *ala+ *in*in, e+buluh *arah "i+bul no*uli yan,

"er*iri a"as sebu'an selsel +ononuclear/ yan, "er*aa" ula *ise'i"ar e+buluh

*arah *i *ala+ -arin,an o"a'. Di*ala+ e+buluh *arah yan, "er'ena a'an

"er-a*i "ro+bosis.

Ge-ala,e-alanya ialah nyeri 'eala/ *e+a+/ +ula+ula su'ar "i*ur/ 'e+u*ian

+un,'in 'esa*aran *aa" +enurun. Ge-ala,e-ala neurolo,i' +enun-u'an lesi

yan, "ersebar.(/!)

%%.!. PM#%KS88 P9=8G

1- Pe+eri'saan cairan serobrosinal

2- Pe+eri'saan *arah len,'a

3- Pe+eri'saan &eses

2


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1- Pe+eri'saan serolo,i' *arah (D#5/ P;8)

2- Pe+eri'saan "i"er an"ibo*y

3- G

4- Fo"o "hora>

5- Fo"o roen",en 'eala

6- CScan

7- 8r"erio,ra&i.(1//3/!/2)

%%.2. D%8G4S8 68D%G

Pa*a 'asus ense&ali"is suura"iva *ia,nosa ban*in,nya a*alah :

1- eolas+a

2- ;e+a"o+a sub*ural 'roni'

3- uber'ulo+a

4- ;e+a"o+a in"raserebri.(!/2)

%%.@. P8858KS888

1. nse&ali"is suura"iva

1- 8+isillin ! > 3! , er oral sela+a 10 hari.

2- Clora+henicol ! > 1,A! -a+ in"ra vena sela+a 10 hari.(3/!/2)

2. nse&ali"is syhilis

1- Penisillin G 1! -u"a uni"Ahari *iba,i @ *osis sela+a 1! hari

2- Penisillin ro'ain G /! -u"a uni"Ahari in"ra +us'ula" B robenesi*

! > 200+, oral sela+a 1! hari.

6ila aler,i enicillin :

1- e"rasi'lin ! > 200 +, er oral sela+a 30 hari

2- ri"ro+isin ! > 200 +, er oral sela+a 30 hari

3- Clora+&enicol ! > 1 , in"ra vena sela+a @ +in,,u

4- Se&"ria>on , in"ra venaAin"ra +uscular sela+a 1! hari.(!/2)

3. nse&ali"is virus

1- Pen,oba"an si+"o+a"is

8nal,e"i' *an an"iire"i' : 8sa+ +e&ena+a" ! > 200 +,

8n"iconvulsi : Pheni"oin 20 +,A+l in"ravena > sehari.

@


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1- Pen,oba"an an"ivirus *iberi'an a*a ense&ali"is virus *en,an enyebab

heres ?os"ervaricella.

8siclovir 10 +,A',66 in"ra vena 3 > sehari sela+a 10 hari a"au 00 +,

eroral "ia ! -a+ sela+a 10 hari.(3/!/2)

4. nse&ali"is 'arena arasi"

1- Malaria serebral

Kinin 10 +,AK,66 *ala+ in&use sela+a ! -a+/ se"ia -a+ hin,,a

"a+a' erbai'an.

2- o>olas+osis

Sul&a*iasin 100 +,AK,66 er oral sela+a 1 bulan

Piri+e"asin 1 +,AK,66 er oral sela+a 1 bulan

Sira+isin 3 > 200 +,Ahari

3- 8+ebiasis

#i&a+icin +,AK,66Ahari.(!)

5. nse&ali"is 'arena &un,us

1- 8+&o"erisin 0/1 0/2 ,AK,66Ahari in"ravena hari se'ali +ini+al @

+in,,u

2- Mi'ona?ol 30 +,AK,66 in"ra vena sela+a @ +in,,u.(!)

6. #i'e"siosis serebri

1- Clora+henicol ! > 1 , in"ra vena sela+a 10 hari

2- e"rasi'lin !> 200 +, er oral sela+a 10 hari.(!)

%%.7. P#4G4S%S

nse&ali"is suura"iva an,'a 'e+a"ian *aa" +encaai 20.(!/2)

7


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BAB III

KESIMPULAN

1. nse&ali"is a*alah ra*an, a*a -arin,an o"a'.

2. nse&ali"is *isebab'an oleh ba'"eri/virus/arasi"/&un,us *an ri'e"sia.

3. Klasi&i'asi ense&ali"is

1ense&ali"is suura"iva

2ense&ali"is sihylis

3ense&ali"is virus

4ense&ali"is 'arena arasi" : +alaria serebral/ "o>olas+osis/ a+ebiasis *an

sis"iser'osis

5ense&ali"is 'arena &un,us

6ri'e"siosis serebri.

4. Pe+eri'saan enun-an, an"ara lain : e+eri'saan cairan serebrosinal.

5. Dia,nosa ban*in, ense&ali"is suura"iva :

1neolas+a

2he+a"o+a sub*ural 'roni'

3

"uber'ulo+a

4he+a"o+a serebri.

6. Pena"ala'saan sesuai *en,an enyebab an"ara lain e+berian an"ibio"i'/an"i&un,i/

an"iarasi"/an"ivirus *an en,oba"an si+"o+a"is berua e+berian anal,e"i'

an"iire"i' ser"a an"i'onvulsi.


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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Chusi*/=.G. 9#4884M% K4#58%F *an 9#454G%

F9GS%485.Ga-ah Ma*a 9niversi"y Press.6a,ian Dua. 1$$0. ;al. 27$23

2. Mar*-ono/Mahar *an Si*ar"a/Pri,una. 9#454G% K5%%S D8S8#. Dian #a'ya".

003. ;al. 31331!/ !1/ 37333.

3. Mar*-ono/Mahar. Si*ar"a /Pri,una. 9#454G% K5%%S D858M P#8KK

9M9M. Dian #a'ya". 1$$$. ;al. 3@!0

4. Mar'a+/Soe+ar+o. K8P%8 S5K8 9#454G%. Ga-ah Ma*ah 9niversi"y

Press. *isi Ke Dua.003. ;al.1221@

5. Mans-oer/8ri&. Surohai"a. Ear*hani/Eahyu %'a. Se"ioulan/Eiie'. K8P%8

S5K8 KD4K#8. Me*ia 8esculaius. Fa'ul"as Ke*o'"eran 9niversi"as

%n*onesia. =ili* . *isi Ke"i,a. 000. ;al.1!1@

$


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KATA PENGANTAR

Pu-i syu'ur 'eha*ira" uhan


11/12

DAFTAR ISI

;ala+an

Ka"a en,an"ar .. i

Da&"ar isi ii

6ab % Pen*ahuluan 1

6ab %% %si

1. De&inisi

. "iolo,i

3. Klasi&i'asi

!. Pe+eri'saan Penun-an, 2

2. Dia,nosa 6an*in, @

@. Pena"ala'sanaan @

7. Pro,nosis 7

6ab %%% Kesi+ulan

Da&"ar Pus"a'a$

11


12/12

Disusun oleh :

Fransisca SylvanaK. (00700037)

Gabriela Da C.M.P.

(01700!7)

San"y #osana

($$700033)

Pe+bi+bin,:

Dr.9"oyo Sunaryo S.S

Do'"er Mu*a Kelo+o' 8

SMF %l+u Penya'i" Sara&

#S9D. Dr. Moha++a* Saleh

Probolin,,o

1

ensefalitis2(1)

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