Entering a New Landsat Era: Entering a New Landsat Era: AlreadyAlready Operational! Operational!

Randolph H. Wynne

Presented to Pecora 17

Operations, not just scienceManaging, not just monitoringDynamic, not just static, informationManagement-scale, not just coarser-

scale, analyses

Landsat data enableLandsat data enable

Key Trend I: Land Use ChangeKey Trend I: Land Use Change

Key Trend II: Key Trend II: Climate ChangeClimate Change

Key Trend III: Economic Key Trend III: Economic ChangeChange

Landsat Landsat ImportanceImportance

The Landsat program The Landsat program provides the provides the onlyonly inventory inventory of the global land surface of the global land surface over time over time at a scale where human vs. at a scale where human vs.

natural causes of change can natural causes of change can be differentiatedbe differentiated

on a on a seasonalseasonal basis basis with superb radiometric with superb radiometric

qualitiesqualities No other satellite system is No other satellite system is

capable/committed to even capable/committed to even annualannual global coverage at global coverage at this scalethis scale

While many of us have been working hard to ensure (finally!) operational status of the Landsat program, a large base of users has been relying on the data stream for many years

Examples will be given from the forestry sector

AlreadyAlready Operational Operational

Operations, not just scienceManaging, not just monitoringDynamic, not just static, informationManagement-scale, not just coarser-

scale, analyses

Landsat data enableLandsat data enable

Forest Pest Hazard Forest Pest Hazard MappingMapping

Forest Fires: Risk, Forest Fires: Risk, Response, RemediationResponse, Remediation

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Leaf area index

Leaves Grow TreesLeaves Grow Trees

Potential

Current

Where do we stand?

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Remote Sensing Estimation of LAI

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1.0

2.0

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4.0

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LAI Observed

LA

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Stand Boundaries

Standkey Stand Acres Calc Ac Mean 0804 Stand Age Thin Year Fert Year Site Index 25

11037E0023 148 27.4 3.68 5 0 2004 64

11014B0018 116.2 39.4 3.34 6 0 0 60

23098 0008 106.9 50.1 3.28 10 0 0 59

11025A0002 116.5 66.4 3.2 5 0 2004 64

11026 0003 215.7 23.1 3.19 5 0 2004 58

11041 0009 66 64.5 3.18 6 0 0 56

23098 0008 106.9 56.8 3.16 10 0 0 59

11041 0007 74.8 42.7 3.15 8 0 0 69

23017 0001 275.8 20.7 3.15 8 0 0 53

11018A0014 318.2 34 3.13 5 0 0 59

11135 0002 30.1 27.6 3.11 24 0 0 59

11013A0003 283.6 32.2 3.09 6 0 0 52

11013A0010 32.3 20.4 3.07 11 0 0 62

11145 0001 107.4 65.4 3.07 7 0 0 67

11144A0009 54 37.6 3.05 9 0 0 54

11018A0014 318.2 50.7 3.04 5 0 0 59

11018A0014 318.2 64.2 3.04 5 0 0 59

11014B0018 116.2 76.8 3.01 6 0 0 60

11018A0014 318.2 67 3.01 5 0 0 59

11108 0005 73.8 73.8 3.01 14 0 0 54

12026A0004 115.7 22.7 3.01 21 0 2001 59

12066 0015 50.5 24.8 3.01 13 0 0 62

11018A0010 206.2 21.3 3 7 0 2003 59

11018A0010 206.2 138.5 2.99 7 0 2003 59

11026 0003 215.7 22.2 2.99 5 0 2004 58

11026 0003 215.7 107.1 2.97 5 0 2004 58

11037C0001 172.3 26.7 2.97 12 0 2002 67

11107 0002 46.5 27.4 2.97 18 0 0 59

11037E0023 148 40.4 2.96 5 0 2004 64

Productivity Assessment– all unthinned stands > age 5

1,009 acres with peak LAI > 3.01,130 acres < 1.05,420 acres <1.5

We need to look at these and diagnose the problem

With LAI values,the Data Warehouse provides

ability to query and report

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Leaf area index

Leaves Grow TreesLeaves Grow Trees

Potential

Current

36N+40P & 150 N 2 years later

200N+20P

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SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF LEAF AREALEAF AREA Loblolly PineLoblolly Pine

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Jan04

Feb04

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Feb05

LEA

F A

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2004 Cohort

2003 Cohort

Total Stand LAI

HardwoodsTotal Pine LAI

Hardwoods

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LAI (Feb. 5)

LA

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ay

11

)Stand LAI

Leaf-off vs Leaf-on

Need Vegetation Control!

High Hardwoods-4.8 - -2.9-2.9 - -1.1-1.1 - 0.70.7 - 2.62.6 - 4.4No Data

Stands

Areas with Increase in LAI > 0.7

Competition Control - WoodyCompetition Control - Woody

Standkey Stand Acres Calc Ac Mean 1203 Mean 0404 Difference

11016 0008 183 23.8 0.47 2.03 1.56

11015C0024 107.9 23.8 0.5 1.84 1.34

32006A0001 292.5 40.6 0.51 1.42 0.91

32009C0003 59.3 31.9 0.58 1.45 0.87

32006A0001 292.5 114.9 0.54 1.36 0.82

11041 0013 74.3 30.9 0.48 1.29 0.81

11015C0024 107.9 47.2 0.47 1.16 0.69

11025B0013 85.1 22.8 0.53 1.22 0.69

32006A0001 292.5 33.5 0.52 1.19 0.67

32006A0001 292.5 75.6 0.51 1.15 0.64

11015D0020 114.7 44.8 0.47 1.1 0.63

11015D0020 114.7 35.8 0.5 1.11 0.61

11016 0005 211.9 125.8 0.47 1.05 0.58

11025D0008 39.3 39.3 0.55 1.12 0.57

32009B0002 87 65.5 0.5 1.07 0.57

11016 0005 211.9 86.1 0.49 1.02 0.53

32009C0003 59.3 25.4 0.55 1.05 0.5

31042B0006 88 50.4 0.53 1.03 0.5

32006C0003 60.6 47.5 0.52 0.99 0.47

32009D0004 44.1 25.8 0.56 1.02 0.46

32044B0001 109.3 24.9 0.5 0.92 0.42

11016 0008 183 136.4 0.5 0.92 0.42

3 year-old plantationsPolygon > 20 acres

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1:12118

Map: 24004ALat: 32° 10.5Long: 84° 37.9

Sand Pine Guidelines

Sand Pine - Well Suited

Sand Pine - Mod. Well Suited

Not Suited for Sand Pine

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Sand PineLAI 2.4

No Fert LobLAI 1.3

RW18 Study AreaLAI 1.7

96PL 1

34BH16

96PL 182BH16

86PL 1

86PL 1

79NP 4

82BH16

82BH16

96PL14

82BH16 34BH1686PL 182BH16

34BH16

96PL 1

34BH1634BH16 34BH16

37BH16

99PL 137BH16

99PL 137BH16

1:12118

Map: 24004ALat: 32° 10.5Long: 84° 37.9

Dec_2004

0.333 - 0.667

0.668 - 1

1.001 - 1.333

1.334 - 1.667

1.668 - 2

2.001 - 2.333

2.336 - 2.667

2.668 - 3

3.001 - 4

No Data

LandSat Image

LAI (Leaf Area Index):•stand stratification for inventory•identification of poor-performing stands for early harvest•identification of stands with high levels of competition

LAI plus GE (Growth Efficiency)Provides ability to estimate stand-level response to silviculture: (fertilization, release, tillage)

Growth = 7.2 tonsGrowth = 3.9 tons

Growth = 5.1 tons

March 10, 2001 TM image March 5, 2002 ETM+ image

Landsat Images of ABSFLandsat Images of ABSF

LAI Comparison between Two Years

Mean LAI of ABSF pine stands.

Landsat Images 2001-Landsat Images 2001-20022002

March 10, 2001 TM image March 5, 2002 ETM+ image

Aerial Photos Pre- and Post-Aerial Photos Pre- and Post-ChangeChange

Color-infrared True color

Decision Support for Forest Carbon Decision Support for Forest Carbon Management: From Research to OperationsManagement: From Research to Operations

MODELSESE NASA-CASAGYC PTAEDA 3.1 FASTLOBUSDA Forest Service FORCARB

ESE MISSIONS Aqua Terra Landsat 7 ASTER

Analysis Projects IGBP-GCTE IGBP-LUCC USDA-FS FIA USDA-FS FHM

Ancillary Data SPOT AVHRR NDVI Forest inventory data VEMAP climate data SRTM topographic data

DECISION SUPPORT:

Current DSTs•COLE (county-scale)•LobDST (stand-scale)

• Growth and yield• Product output• Financial evaluations

•CQUEST (1 km pixels)• Ecosystem carbon

pools (g C/m2)• Partitioned NPP (g C/m2/yr)• NEP (g C/m2/yr)

Linked DSTs and Common Prediction

Framework (multiscale)

• Growth• Yield• Product output• Ecosystem carbon pools• Partitioned NPP • NEP• Total C sequestration• Forecasts and scenarios

Information Products, Predictions, and Data

from NASA ESEMissions:

- MODAGAGG- MOD 12Q1- MOD 13- MOD 15A2- ETM+ Level 1 WRS- AST L1B and 07

VALUE & BENEFITS

Improve the rate of C sequestration in managed forests

Decrease the cost of forest carbon monitoring and management

Potentially slow the rate of atmospheric CO2 increase

Enhance forest soil quality

Inputs Outputs Outcomes Impacts

NASA-CASA model standing wood carbon in loblolly pine stands after 30 years of regrowth across the Virginiaregion. Units are in g C m-2 yr-1

Ecosystem Ecosystem ServicesServicesResources and

processes supplied by natural ecosystems

Include, but not limited to, water quality, biodiversity, carbon sequestration

Modeling Ecosystem Services Modeling Ecosystem Services at the Tract Level Using at the Tract Level Using Remote SensingRemote Sensing EcoMetrix is a joint project of the Virginia

Department of Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Virginia Tech, and other Commonwealth of Virginia and Federal agencies.

EcoMetrix will provide spatially-explicit, web-based quantification of ecosystem services using extant best of breed models at the tract level.

Two initial foci are carbon and water quality/quantity; short-term plans for biodiversity

Operations, not just scienceManaging, not just monitoringDynamic, not just static, informationManagement-scale, not just coarser-

scale, analyses

Landsat data enableLandsat data enable

While many of us have been working hard to ensure (finally!) operational status of the Landsat program, a large base of users has been relying on the data stream for many years

AlreadyAlready Operational Operational

The mandate we have is bigger than we thought, as Landsat, like the weather satellites, is now a key element of the infrastructure on which our economy and environmental monitoring and management increasingly depend

What Next?What Next?

Thanks!Thanks!

Randolph H. Wynne