enterobiasis. etiology the cause of enterobiasis, or pinworm infection, is enterobius vermicularis a...

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Enterobiasis

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Page 1: Enterobiasis. ETIOLOGY The cause of enterobiasis, or pinworm infection, is Enterobius vermicularis A small (1 cm in length), white, threadlike nematode

 Enterobiasis 

Page 2: Enterobiasis. ETIOLOGY The cause of enterobiasis, or pinworm infection, is Enterobius vermicularis A small (1 cm in length), white, threadlike nematode

ETIOLOGY

• The cause of enterobiasis, or pinworm infection,  is Enterobius vermicularis

• A small (1 cm in length), white, threadlike nematode.

• typically inhabits the cecum, appendix, and adjacent areas of the ileum and ascending colon

• Gravid females migrate at night to the perianal and perineal regions.

• Human infection occurs by the fecal-oral route .

Page 3: Enterobiasis. ETIOLOGY The cause of enterobiasis, or pinworm infection, is Enterobius vermicularis A small (1 cm in length), white, threadlike nematode

EPIDEMIOLOGY

• occurs in individuals of all ages and socioeconomic  levels

• It infects 30% of children worldwide.• The prevalence of pinworm infection is highest in 

children 5–14 yr of age.

Page 4: Enterobiasis. ETIOLOGY The cause of enterobiasis, or pinworm infection, is Enterobius vermicularis A small (1 cm in length), white, threadlike nematode

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

• The most common complaints include itching and restless sleep secondary to nocturnal perianal or perineal pruritus.

• Eosinophilia is not observed in most cases because tissue invasion does not occur.

• occasionally may lead to appendicitis, chronic salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease,peritonitis,  hepatitis, and ulcerative lesions in the large or small bowel.

Page 5: Enterobiasis. ETIOLOGY The cause of enterobiasis, or pinworm infection, is Enterobius vermicularis A small (1 cm in length), white, threadlike nematode

DIAGNOSIS

• A history of nocturnal perianal pruritus in children strongly suggests enterobiasis

• Definitive diagnosis is established by identification of parasite eggs or worms

• Microscopic examination of adhesive cellophane tape pressed against the perianal region early in the morning frequently demonstrates eggs 

Page 6: Enterobiasis. ETIOLOGY The cause of enterobiasis, or pinworm infection, is Enterobius vermicularis A small (1 cm in length), white, threadlike nematode

TREATMENT

• mebendazole (100 mg PO for all ages) repeated in 2 wk results in cure rates of 90–100%

• a single oral dose of albendazole (400 mg PO for all ages) repeated in 2 wk 

• a single dose of pyrantel pamoate (11 mg/kg PO, maximum 1 g). 

Page 7: Enterobiasis. ETIOLOGY The cause of enterobiasis, or pinworm infection, is Enterobius vermicularis A small (1 cm in length), white, threadlike nematode

PREVENTION

• Household contacts can be treated at the same time as the infected individual

• Repeated treatments every 3–4 mo may be required  in circumstances with repeated exposure

• Good hand hygiene is the most effective method of prevention.