enterprise architecture

Alqualsadi research team on Enterprise Architecture

Prof/A. Karim Baï[email protected]

www.ensias.ma/ens/bainahttp://ma.linkedin.com/in/karimbaina

April, 16th 2010

www.ensias.ma www.um5s.ac.ma

According to some prealable unformalquestionnaire – you want to know

� What is EA ? What are EA concepts ?

� What is EA for ?

� Is it not yet another buzzword ?

� Is it not yet another marketing artefact to sale licences, books, trainnings, and consulting ?

� Is it really with an added value ? Within themodelling life cycle ? If yes how to position it ?

� How to compare EA with other modellingmethods and frameworks ?

Outline1. Enterprise Architecture

2. Alqualsadi EA research team

3. Karim Baïna’s current research interest

4. A historical/cultural parenthesis

5. Open discussion

EnterpriseArchitecture


Motivation behind EA

� EA has been firstly thought to address two problems (in 1987) :

� System complexity : organisations were spending enormousbudgets in IT

� Poor business alignement : organisations were finding it more difficult to keep IT systems alignes with business model

� Basically enterprise are looking for more agility, high profils, lower risk, more satisfied senior management, and

� More cost and less value problem recognised 23 years ago, but have today reached a crisis point.

Roger Sessions, CTO of ObjectWatch©

Kind of real problems EA issupposed to answer to

Jeanne Ross 2005 ©

Peter Weil 2007 ©

� for A. Goel et al., EA is a

�� holistic expressionholistic expression (of the enterprise)

�� in terms in terms ofofkey strategies usually evolving from different domains of(i)business architecture (business strategy, processes, services, structure, policies and governance), (ii) information architecture(ontologies, taxonomies, meta-data, master data, transaction data, information flows and other forms of data and information assets related to the enterprise), and (iii) technology architecture (infrastructure, security, applications, technology services and middleware), 2009.

Enterprise Architecture – definition 1

EAExpression

EA

EA

With regards to enterpriseFunctions, Data,Roles & Units,Events,Ressources,Produits & services,etc.

K. Baïna & S. Slimani 2010 ©

� M. Lankhorst defines EA as

� a coherent whole of principles, methods, & models

� that are used in the design & realization of an enterprise’s

� (i) organizational structure, (ii) business processes, (iii)

information systems, and (iv) infrastructure, 2005.


Principls

Methods

Realisation



� For Gartner Group, EA is the strategic planning process that

�� translatestranslates(an enterprise's business vision & strategy)

�� intointo effective enterprise change, 2010.

EA

EA as strategic planning process

EA


Enterprise Architecture

EA

EA as strategic planning process

EAExpressionEA

EA

Principls

Method

s

Realisation

OSmodel BPmodel ISmodel Inframodel


EAF Concepts, Principles and methodology

� EA dimensions� Concepts :

� Enterprise views or perspectives : function (activity), information, resource, organisation unit, role, behaviour (business process), etc.

� modelling constructs (ie documents, and reports, akaartefacts)

� flows : Materials, Information and Control

� Principles� Separating enterprise behaviours from functions� Separating enterprise behaviours from resources� Separating enterprise resources from roles & organisation

units

� Structured methodology� Models� Tools

EAF - Enterprise Architecture Frameworks� An EAF is proposal of a reference architecture

or structure for Enterprise Architecture (like an Enterprise Architect toolkit)

� Main EAFs1. Zachman Framework (Zachman Institute of

Architecture)2. TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framwork)3. FEA (Federal Enterprise Architecture, US White

House)

� Many other EAFs1. US Government Frameworks (DoDAF (US Department of

Defence), MoDAF (UK Ministry of Defence), TEAF (US Department of Commerce), CEAF (US White House), EA Cube(Scott Bernard), CIMOSA, GERAM (ISO 15704 2000), GRAI, PERA, RM-ODP (ISO/IEC 10746), etc.

EA Timeline: genesis and evolution

age date event

0 1987 Zachman's first article

1993 Customer members demand archtecture standards…

1994 TAFIM Released

8 1995 TOGAF first published

1996 Clinger/Cohen Bill passed

1998 TAFIM Retired

1999 FEAF 1.2 Released

2001 TOGAF 7 - Technical edition

15 2002 FEA replaces FEAF

2002 TOGAF 8.0 "Enterprise" released

2003 TOGAF 8.1 (first certification program launched)

2005 Gartner/Meta merger

19 2006 FEA mostly complete

2006 TOGAF 8.1.1

22 2009 TOGAF 9.0 final draft approval

2010 now

EA methodologies and modellingtechniques – some examples� EA methodologies

� TOGAF ADM (Architecture Development Method)� All US Government Frameworks include a methodology sepecific to their

EAF (DODAF, FEAF, TEAF)� Gartner/Meta Methodoly� EAP� EA Cube Method� SEAM

� EA modeling techniques and notations� Archi-Mate, UEML, SysML, BPMN, ERD and IDEF, etc.

� EA modeling tools� ARIS Process, IDS Scheer� MEGA� Abacus, Avolution� Enterprise Architect, Sparx� System Architect, IBM Telelogic� BizzDesigner, Bizzdesign� Altova Enterprise, Altova

Zachman Framework(used for its structured architecture artefacts taxonomy – Zachman grid)

DATA what FUNCT.how NETWK. where PEOPLE who TIME when MOTIV. why

Scope

contextual

Planner view

BusinessModel

conceptual

Owner view

SystemModel

logical

Designer view

TechnologyModel

Physical

Builder view

DetailedRepresentations

Out-Of-Context

Sub-Constractorview

Functionningenterprise

User view

TOGAF (used mainly for its ADM method)

� For TOGAF, divides an architecture into 4 categories :

TOGAF ADM (Architecture

Development Method)

FEA (use mainly because of its most complete framework)

� Complies with the Clinger-Cohen Act� Provides a common methodology for IT acquisition

Benchmark of 4 and main EAFs

Data is from Roger Sessions

Not the data-based synthesis diagram view

Focus Area for EA

Infosys 2007 ©

Adopted Industry Standard Frameworks

Infosys 2007 ©

EA Tool used

Infosys 2007 ©

EA delivrables

EA and IT Governance

EA & Alignment –EA Alignementlife Cycle

Paul Harmon 2003 ©

EA modelling tools – Gartner Quadrant

AlqualsadiEnterprise Architecture

research team


Alqualsadi team - Research axesEntreprise Architectures, Quality of theirDevelopement and Integration

Axe 4 : EA Applied to ICT4D

Axe 1 : EA Governance Axe 2 : EA Integration Axe 3 : EA Quality

Axe 5 : Applied Maths Methods for EA


Alqualsadi team - Research axesEntreprise Architectures, Quality of theirDevelopement and Integration

Axe 4 : EA Applied to ICT4De-Gov,e-health, and e-education.Citizen-centric approach for EA use.

Axe 1 : EA GovernanceKPI/GKI/KFS models for IT Strategy,Governance, Maturity & Alignment.TOGAF/DoDAF,COBIT, CMMi.

Axe 2 : EA IntegrationPortal/Process/Service/ComponentUser-centric syntactic/semantic/technicalintegration and interoperability.through SOA/BPM/MDM/ERP/Portals/3G.

Axe 3 : EA QualityMDE/MDA, EA models formalspecification and validation.B methods, Graphs, PN, LTL/TTL,but also Six sigma, ITIL.

Axe 5 : Applied Maths Methods for EAstatistics and quantitative method for EA quality, optimal control for IT alignment, modelling for ITG,


32

Alqualsadi statistics

� Age : 4 years

� Scientific Production

� 3 books

� 16 journal papers

� 26 national conference papers

� 45 international conference papers

� 1 Habilitation (Docent/Docentu)

� 5 defended Phs Thesis

� 14 defended Master by research

Alqualsadi Team permanent members, and their main research axes

� 6 researcher-professors :� 2 Profs.

� Mme Laïla Kjiri : EA Quality, Maths Methods, and Governance

� Mr. Bouchaïb Bounabat : EA in ICT4D (mainly in e-gov), andGovernance

� 2 Prof/Assoc.� Mr. Karim Baïna : EA Quality, Integration, Governance, and Maths

Methods, (leader of Alqualsadi)

� Mr. Saïd Achachab : EA App. Maths Methods for EA, andGovernance

� 2 Prof/Assist.� Mme Mounia Fredj (*): EA Integration, and Quality� Mr. Salah Baïna : EA Governance, Quality, and Maths Methods.

� 18 PhD in progress (14 females, and 5 males) 78% of females

� Many Masters by research (in progress)

(*) (Nielsen Danish family line)

To contact members : {<name>@ensias.ma, except for <sbaina>}

Alqualsadi Team non-permanentmembers, and their main research axes

� 6 researcher-professors :� 1 Prof.

� Mr. Hassan Abdelwahed, Semlalia Sciences Faculty, Cadi AyyadUniversity, Marrakech : EA Integration, and ontologies based web 2.0 Portal Integration

� 1 Prof/Assoc.

� Mme Salma Mouline, Sciences Faculty of Rabat, Mohammed V –Agdal University, Rabat : EA Quality and Integration

� 1 Prof/Assist.

� Mr. Mohammed Berrada, ENSAF, USMBA, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fès : EA organisational perspective modelling and verification

� 1 Dr., and chairman of EA governance startup company

� Mr. Tawfik Es-squalli, NEOXIA MAROC, Casablanca(member of The Open Group) : EA Governance mode,

and Quality of their development and integration

Partnerships

� National partners :� EMI, Ecole Mohammedia des Ingénieurs

� Sciences Faculty of Rabat, Mohammed V – Agdal University, Rabat� NEOXIA MAROC, Casablanca (member of The Open Group)

� International partners :� France

� Prof. Claude Godart, ESSTIN, Nancy University, LORIA, Nancy

� Prof. Hervé Panetto , CRAN, Nancy� Prof. Djamel Benslimane, LIRIS, Lyon

� Prof. Kamel Barkaoui, CNAM, Paris

� Prof. Assoc. Samir Tata, INT, Paris

� Prof. Jean-Pierre Giraudin, IMAG, Grenoble

� Sweden

� Prof. Paul Johannesson, Dr. Petia Wohed, DSV, Stockholm University, Stockholm

� Belgium

� Prof. Michael Petit, UNDP, Namur� United Kingdom

� Prof. Zied Ouertani, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge

Some journal publications ofAlqualsadi team :

� 2010� M.Z. Ouertani, S. Baïna, L. Gzara and G.Morel. Traceability and management of dispersed product

knowledge during design and manufacturing 2010 Journal of Computer-Aided Design, Special Issue on Product Lifecycle and Knowledge Management. (JCAD’2010)

� 2009� S. Baïna, Panetto, Morel. New paradigms for a product oriented modelling: Case study for traceability 2009

Computers In Industry’2009 60 3 172-183� S. Baïna, H. Panetto, K. Benali. Product Oriented Modelling and Interoperability Issues 2008, Lecture Notes

in Business Information Processing (LNBIP’2009) 3 293-308

� 2008� W. Gaaloul, K. Baïna, and C. Godart. Log-based Mining Techniques Applied to Web Service Composition

Reengineering 2008 (SOCA’2008), Service Oriented Computing and Applications Journal, Springer-Verlag 2 2-3 93-110

� S. Achchab. Singular perturbation of single species model with time-delay 2008 International Journal ofMathematics and Statistics (IJMS’2008) 2 2 18-29

� 2007� H. Panetto, S. Baïna, G. Morel. Mapping the IEC 62264 models onto the Zachman framework for analysing

products information traceability: a case study 2007 Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (JIM’2007).� M. Berrada, B. Bounabat. Modelling and Simulation of Multi-Agent Reactive Decisional Systems using

Business Process Management Concepts, March 2007. International Review on Computers and Software (IRECOS’2007)

� 2006� K. Baïna, K. Benali et C. Godart. DISCOBOLE: A service Architecture for Interconnecting Workflow

Processes. 2006 Computers In Industry’2006, Journal - Special issue on Collaborative Environments for Concurrent Engineering.

� 2005� A. Aarooud, B. Bounabat. Modelling the Handover function of Global System for Mobile Communication

2005 The International Journal of Modelling and Simulation (IJMS’2005)- ACTA Press

� B. Achchab et S. Achchab. Some Remarks about the Hierarchical A Posteriorie Error Estimate 2005 Journal of Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations (JNMPDE’2005) 20 6 114-135

Karim Baïna’s research


Karim’s Baïna research withinAlqualsadi 5 axes


Axe 4 : EA Applied to ICT4DService ontology changemanagement for life sciences

Axe 1 : EA GouvernanceIT Balanced scorecards appliedto BPI, BAM/SAM & IT Alignment

Axe 2 : EA IntegrationBPM, SOA/Semantic SOA,Service ontology evolution,Mobile social netwoks

Axe 3 : EA QualityProcess model pre&postexecution validation & reconfiguration

Axe 5 : Applied Maths Methods for EAGraph reduction algorithms for business processstructural conflict detection

Karim’s Baïna participation in design, management, anddevelopment of research

prototypes, ENSIAS ©

BPM PDCA loop

WFMS portfolio management

WorkflowMinerWorkflowChecker

WorkflowSelector

WorkflowMiner, ENSIAS-LORIA©

EnterpriseProcess

1. Workflow

Design

A3A1 A2

A4

A0

Designed Workflow Model

3. Workflow Mining

A3A1 A2A0

Mined Workflow Model

3. Workflow MiningWorkflow in action

2. Workflow Execution

Workflow LogsWfMS

4. Workflow re-Design

WorkflowMiner, ENSIAS-LORIA ©

Walid Gaaloul, Karim Baïna, and Claude Godart. "Workflow Mining : discovery of workflow patterns by execution log analysis" in French "Fouille de workflow, Découverte de patrons de workflows par l’analyse des traces d’exécution", Revue Technique et Sciences Informatiques(TSI’2010) French reference journal, Hermès-Lavoisier.

Walid Gaaloul, Karim Baïna, and Claude Godart. Log-based Mining Techniques Applied to Web Service Composition Reengineering. Service Oriented Computing and Applications Journal (SOCA'08), 2(2-3):93-110, July 2008. Springer-Verlag

K. Baïna, W. Gaaloul, R. El Khattabi et A. Mouhou. WorkflowMiner : a New Workflow Patterns and Performance Analysis tool. (CAiSE’06) Forum, Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, June 5-9, 2006.

W. Gaaloul, K. Baïna et C. Godart. Towards Mining StructuralWorkflow Patterns. (DEXA’05), volume 3588, pages 24–33, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 22-26 2005. Springer-Verlag.

- since 2004, more than 30 ENSIAS engineers have worked on WorkflowMiner- more than 1000 person days of work during three years

Papers Impact : ENSIAS R&D prototyping,

published in DEXA’2005, CAiSE’2006,

and SOCA’2008 are referenced beside

key reference BPM papers in the

domain.

WorkflowChecker, ENSIAS ©

Fodé Touré, Karim Baïna, and Walid Gaaloul. Toward a hybrid algorithm for workflow graphstructural verification. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS'08), Barcelona, Spain, June 12-16, 2008.

Fodé Touré, Karim Baïna, and Khalid Benali. An efficient algorithm for workflow graph structural verification. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems(CoopIS'08) Monterrey, Mexico, Nov 12 - 14, 2008, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer-Verlag.

Papers Impact : ENSIAS R&D prototyping, published in ICEIS’2008 and then in CoopIS’2008 begins to be

referenced within some BPM research work with two well known universities, and journal papers. The papers bring an improvement of first graph reduction algorithms for structural verification of processes, and this improvement is referenced beside key reference papers in the domain.

Step by step graph reduction based business processstructural verification algorithmwithin WorkflowChecker

-since 2007, more than 15 ENSIAS engineers haveworked on developing WorkflowChecker during three years- more than 600 person days of design & development work

WorkflowChecker /

WorkflowMiner, ENSIAS ©

� http://workflowminer.drivehq.com/workflowchecker.avi� http://workflowminer.drivehq.com/workflowminer.avi

WFESelector ENSIAS ©

Screen shot of one execution WFESelectorapplied on studied open sourceworkflow engines evaluation case study

Karim Baïna, Fatima-Zahra Azayite, Nabil Belakbir, Hicham Srir, and K. Benali, Workflow Engines

Comparison Model. Proceedings of the 1st Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS’2007), April 23-

26, Ouarzazate, Morocco.

Karim Baïna "WFEselector - a tool for comparing and selecting workflow engines". In Jorge Cardoso, JoséCordeiro, and Joaquim Filipe, editors, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS‘2007) (1), Volume DISI, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, June 12-16, 2007, pages 330-337.

Papers Impact : ENSIAS R&D prototyping, and case study results, published in RCIS’2007 and then in

ICEIS’2007 could influence and drive a huge BPM research community (many researchers in many well known universities, and many international conference & journal papers) : (i) to be more attracted by

BPM open source benchmarking within a such large open source community, and (ii) to focus later on (instead of being lost within a such fertile production) only on the top 3 WFE : jBPM, OpenWFE & Enhydra Shark with newer visions, and interests both profitable for BPM open source community and BPM research.

- study has been achieved in June 2006, and than validated in 2007 newer open source versions- the WFESelector tool has been built on April 2007.-35 criteria synthetised into 2 dimensions- more than 100 ENSIAS engineers worked on more than 40 open source tools during two years-more than 3000 person days of design, evaluation, and development work

TOP 8 TOP 6

TOP 3

K. Baïna ©ICEIS’2007

French BPM book,on sale since May 2009

Business processes,concepts, models, and systems

History and Cultural parenthesis

King Rollon,860 – 930

King of Vikings

King Roger II,1095 – 1154

King of SicilyDescendant of King Rollon

Sponsor of Al-idrissi

Al-idrissi, Dreses (latin)

1110 – 1165Geographer,

and Botanist

Al-kalsadi (aka alqualsadi)

1412 – 1486Mathematician

Kingdom of Morocco – History,

Religion, and Culture

� Multi Pot of rich cultural and genetic patrimonies� Pre-islamic period : Africans, Berbers, Phoenicians, Romans,

Carthaginians, Vandals, Byzantines, Wisigoths� Islamic period : Arabs (7 islamic kingdom dynasties), Andalus

� Recon-quest period : Castilians (Portuguese, Spanish)� French period : Marsh, 30th 1912, French Protectorate (Tangier was

international: Spain/England/ France/Morocco)

� 3 religions : Judaism (since pre-islamic period among locals and ancient migrants), Islam, Catholic religion (european citizens or residents)

� Roman church was active in pre-islamic period (Saint Augustan was a romanised berber !!)

� Many berbers, and romanised berbers, pre-islamic kingdom dynasties, and tribes

� 7 islamic (arabs and berbers) kingdom dynasties : Idrissids, Almoravids, Almohads, Marinids, Wattasids, Saadis, Alaouites

� The origin of Morocco country name is coming from Berber name Marrakech

� 1631 begining of the line of Alaouite Kingdom dynasty� Moroccan Nov 16th, 1956 independence

� Mohammed VI King of Morocco since 1999 (23th, of alaouitedynasty)

� ~31M inhabitants

� 2010 GDP 5.10, GDP real real growth rate %23

� More than 11.000.000 internet user (35%), More than 650.000 inhouse internet connection (>12%)

� 50 multinational company have been recently attracted by moroccan offshoring initiatives

� 700 subsidiaries of french companies employing 100 000 active person

� 10 000 engineers national Program (current yearly graduated engineers × 2.5)

� 30 000 entreprises creation till 2013 ( « Emergence & envol », Digital Morocco 2009-2013 Plans)

� Morocco advanced status toward EU

� Tangier Med (Mediterranean Mega-Port)

Kingdom of Morocco – current State, Economy, Demography, Statistics

Swedish - Moroccan Kingdomsmedieval historical key events� 429 Vandals migrations

� 554-567 Wisigoths reach northen Morocco (* western Goths (Tervinges) were separated from Ostrogoths (eastern Goths) since 257)

� 710 beginning of Islamic conquest of christian Wisigoths kingdom

� 711 Wisigoth coalition with Arabs againt their Wisigoth king Rodrig

� 718 - 1492 Normand/Castillans/Aragons reconquest of christianWisigoths kingdom

� 844, first Al-Ghazal Cordovan embassy mission to Danish/Irish Vikings to stop helping Castillans

� 1154, Roger II, Norman king of Sicily (descendant of Rollon, king of the Viking)

ordered and sponsored Al-idrissi 1110-1165 Geographer for writing first European and Western Geography Atlas (“Kitab nuzhat al-mushtaq fi

ikhtiraq al-afaq”) litterarly (“The Book of the Pleasing Excursion of One who is Eager to Explore the Horizons”) aka (“Kitâb Rudjâr” ) (The Book of Roger)

� and since this time swedish-moroccan scientific cooperation is being continuing;-)

Tabula Rogeriana

Who was Alqualsadi ?� First name : Abou Al Hassan ibn Ali ibn Muhammad � Surname : al-Qalasadi a.k.a. : Al-Qalsadi, Al-Qalasadi, Al-Kalsadi� birth : on 1412, Bastah, (north of Granada) AlAndalous (current Andalusia)� death : on 1486, Béja, Ifriqiya (current Tunisia)� expertise : Arithmetics, Algebra, Astronomy� contribution

� Transforming language (numbers values, operations, & relations) to meta-language (symbolic arithmetic variables with symbolic operations and relations in arabic alphabet lexicon)� Abreviation of Variable Names to Symbols (long equations algorithms become shorter & easier)

� unknown X is born ش : is the abbreviation of shay �� that will be translated in italian later as « causa » and then will be abreviatedto X

� Abstraction and symbolisation of arithmetic operations

� examples� 3�� 9 means √ 9 = 3

� ل 36 م 6 means 62 = 36

� ل 27 ك 3 means 33 = 27

� ل 126 2 ف ك 3 و م 6 means (62 + 33) × 2 = 126

� ش �� ج ش means (√x) 2 = x

� application to formalisation and resolution of algorithms of algebric (polynomial, diophantine) equations

� some of his arithmetic vulgarisation books � « Raising the veil of the science of the letters’ dust » (kashf alasrar aan ilmi hurufi alghubar)(alghubar means

« dust » and here stands for written arithmetic with numerals.

� « Clarification of the science of arithmetic »(al-tabsira fi‘ilm al-hisab)

� well known for his pedagogical approach� no prerequisites assumption is done (to be able to target beginner level), clear and direct style,

avoiding complex demonstrations, exposing only practical methods, style clair et direct, a huge number of exercises, many illustrations of arithmetic algorithm rules

becomesLexical meta-language= latin alphabet

Who was Alqualsadi ?� is the origin of, among others, visual symbolic

representation of the square root Alqualsadi (ج ذ ر)

abreviated to (ج) so it gives :

� Please notice visual similarities !

9 9becomes

see. Solomon Gandz, On the Origin of the Term "Root", The American Mathematical Monthly,Vol. 35, No. 2 (Feb., 1928), Mathematical Association of America

becomes

9

Example of Alqualsadi symbolic abreviationsin algebra Applications : PythagoreanAlgebric Proof

Geometric proof of thePythagorean theorem,by Pythagoras

Algebric proof of thePythagorean theorem,by symbolic quadratic equations

(A+B)2 = A2 + 2*(A*B) + B2

(A+B)2 = C2 + 2*(A*B)

A2 + 2*(A*B) + B2 = C2 + 2*(A*B)

Thus: A2 + B2 = C2 q.e.d.

Concrete Language Abstract Meta-Language

Open discussion

Aknowledgments

Alqualsadi EA research teamwould like to thank

all MENA project sponsors and actors

and to thank you for yourpresence, attention, and questions


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