enterprise by sabita mishra
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Enterprise by Sabita MishraTRANSCRIPT
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What is an Enterprise?
The term Enterprise is often used in generalbusiness situations to describe as a corporateentity, anything form a sidewalk espresso cart toan Enterprise as large as Microsoft. It comprisesof a group of people with a common goal, whichhas certain resources at its disposal to achievethis goal. In the traditional approach, theEnterprise is considered as a system and all thedepartments are its subsystems. The informationabout all the aspects of the Enterprise is storedcentrally and is available to all departments.
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Enterprise
Goals and ObjectivesResources
People
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Enterprise and its Internal EnvironmentEnterprise
Ethical
EconomicPolitical and Legal Human Relations
Management
Technological
Workforce
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Enterprise and its External Environment
Enterprise
Ethical
Economic
Political and Legal Social
Technological
Competitors
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Management Combines Business’s Resources To Produce Goods and Services
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Management
Financial Resources Natural Resources Human Resources
Production Process
Product & Services
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Real World and the Business Model
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Plant
Customer Order Contract Invoice
Material
Real World
Business Model
Processes Interrelationships & Interdependencies
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Data Model and its Relationship with the Real World
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Plant
Customer Order Contract Invoice
Material
Real World
Business Model
Processes Interrelationships & Interdependencies
Data Model
- Tables- Fields
- Views- Domains etc.
Data & Program Model Program Model
- Program- Function
- Display Screens, etc.
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Enterprise as an Open System
Transformation of Energy
(Throughput)
Output of Products, Ideas,
Services (Export)
Input of Information,
Energy, Materials (Import)
Environment
Environment
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Enterprise
• The term enterprise is used because it is generally applicable inmany circumstances, including
– Public or private sector Enterprises– An entire business or corporation– A part of a larger enterprise (such as a business unit)– A conglomerate of several Enterprises, such as a joint venture or
partnership– A multiply outsourced business operation– Many collaborating public and/or private Enterprises in multiple
countries
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Enterprise
The term enterprise also includes the wholecomplex, socio-technical system, including:
• People• Information• Technology• Business (e.g. operations)
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Factors Affecting the Structure of an Enterprise• Environment1.
• Culture2.
• Task3.
• Technology4.
• Strategy5.
• Size6.
• Span of control7.
• Form8.
• Managerial characteristics9.
• Employee characteristics10.
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Environmental Key Factors
Legal Factors
Economic Factors
Social & Cultural Factors
Competitiveness
Political Factors
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While every Enterprise must define its own relevant environment, some key environmental factors which should be addressed are :
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Enterprise Structure – Tall Enterprise
1.Decision Making Centre
(Authority Base)
2. Enterprise Levels
3. Enterprise Levels
4. Enterprise Levels
Tall Enterprise Implies:
a) Distance from top to bottomb) Extended communication linesc) Impersonalityd) Narrow span of controle) Centralization
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Enterprise Structure – Flat Enterprise
1
2
3
Flat Enterprise Implies:a) High levels of decentralizationb) Extremely wide spans of control determined on the basis of each superior’s interpersonal skillsc) Less extended communication lines
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Business Functions and Business Process
• Managers and Enterprises have now started thinking interms of business processes instead of businessfunctions.
• A business process is a collection of activities that takesone or more kind of input and creates an output that isof value to the customer
• Thinking of business functions as business processeshelps managers to think of their Enterprises from acustomer’s perspective
• The difference between a business function and abusiness process is that a process cuts across morethan one business function to get a task done
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Business Functions and Business Process (cont’d)
• Sharing data effectively and efficiently between andwithin functional areas leads to more efficient businessprocesses
• Information systems can be designed so that accurateand timely data are shared between functional areas
• These systems are called integrated information system• Today an information system is an organized
combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks and data resources that collects, collates, transforms and disseminates in an Enterprise
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Different Departments that comprise an Enterprise
Procurement
Production/Manufacturing
Engineering
Research and Development
Marketing
Sales
Finance
Accounting
Human Resources
Shipping
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Procurement
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Purchase Contract
Requisitions
Warehouse Orders
Sourcing Information
Schedule Definitions Planning/ Sales/Shop floor
Request for Quotation/Schedule
Definitions
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Production/Manufacturing
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Receiving
Shipping Quality Control
Production/Process
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Engineering
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Problem?(Yield, Throughput,
Defects, Quality)
Report Troubleshooting
Root Cause Failure Analysis
Collect Data Analyze Data
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Research and Development
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Define Problem/Background
Research
Internal/External Evaluation
Provide Solutions
Analyze Data
Bench Scale/Pilot Scale Testing Collect Data
Implementation
Report
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Marketing
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Market Research and Evaluation
Advertising Communication
Lead Generation Events, Product Service Launch
Public Relations
Promotion
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Sales
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Inquiry
Financial Accounting Picking and Delivery
Order
Quotation Contracts
Materials Management
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Finance
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Cash Management
Business Planning & Budgeting
Executive Information System
Enterprise Controlling
Treasury Management
Market Risk Management
Profit Center Accounting
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Accounting
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Purchasing(Quantity & Volume)
Business Planning & Budgeting
Employees (Salary & Wages)
Customer Receivable
General Ledger Sales (Order & Bill)
Profit Center Accounting
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Human Resources
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Enterprise Structure and Modeling
Benefits/Payroll Orientation
Placement
Manpower Planning Recruitment/Selection
Workforce Management
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Shipping
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Order
Delivery NotePicking and Delivery
Scheduling
Warehouse
Shipping Point Shipping Document
Goods Issue and Transportation
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Typology of Enterprises according to Blau and Scott
• Enterprises which benefit their owners. All business Enterprises fall under this category1.
• Enterprises which benefit their members. Wide class of unions, cooperatives and clubs2.
• Enterprises which benefit their clients. e.g., insurance companies, private schools etc.3.
• Enterprises which benefit the whole society such as governmental Enterprises, commonwealth, etc4.
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Key attributes of a virtual Enterprise
1.• Technology
2.• Opportun-
ism
3.• No borders
4.• Trust
5.• Excellence
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Virtual Enterprise – Primary Benefits
• Its ability to save on lease rentals of office space and employee commuting costs
1.
• Its ability to focus on core competence as a result of outsourcing of all non-essential activities
2.
• Its use of synchronous technologies such as audio and video conferencing which allow members to interact t the same time or in real time
3.
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Virtual Enterprise – Drawbacks
• There is a phenomenal increase in the daily number of e-mails if its executives.
1.
• Its employees miss the opportunity of meeting their coworkers. They also fear that their lack of interaction with superiors may not bode well for their careers
2.
• It is common for some employees to have conference calls during off hours spanning mid-day in Bangalore, early morning in Norway and close to mid-night in California.
3.
• Some customers do not like to deal with the Enterprise through web site which lacks emotional pitch and body language associated with verbal communication
4.
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Conclusion
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