enterprise-modeling - university of texas at dallaschung/sysm6309/enterprise-modeling-v2.pdf ·...
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1
2
3
4
Ent
erpr
ise
Mod
elin
g
Why
?(G
oal-o
rient
ed E
M in
Req
uire
men
ts E
licita
tion)
Age
nt-o
rient
ed E
M
Bus
ines
s M
odel
ing
Usi
ng U
ML
Con
vent
iona
l Tec
hniq
ues
App
endi
x: M
ore
on E
nter
pris
e M
odel
ing
with
the
UM
L
Whe
n th
e on
ly to
ol th
at y
ou h
ave
is th
e ha
mm
er, e
very
pro
blem
will
look
like
a n
ail.
5
World Knowledge is Essential
-th
e m
ost e
rror
pro
ne p
art o
f the
req
uire
men
ts;
Mos
t pro
blem
s ca
n be
trac
ed to
err
oneo
us a
ssum
ptio
ns a
bout
the
envi
ronm
ent
(e.g
., T
CA
S—
tran
spon
der a
ssum
ptio
ns; N
Y s
ubw
ay—
sepa
ratio
n no
t eno
ugh;
Pat
riot
mis
sile
—cl
ock
drift
)
6
M. H
amm
er, R
eeng
inee
ring
Wor
k: D
on't
Aut
omat
e, O
blite
rate
, Har
vard
Bus
ines
s R
evie
w,
July
-Aug
ust 1
990]
Ree
ngin
eerin
g W
ork:
Don
't A
utom
ate,
Obl
itera
te
Is th
e sy
stem
, to
be im
plem
ente
d ac
cord
ing
to th
e S
RS
, goi
ng to
be
help
ful o
r ha
rmfu
l?H
ow d
o w
e co
me
up w
ith th
e S
RS
?
7
8
�B
ackg
roun
d�
deve
lope
d in
the
early
90’
s�
prov
ides
a s
truc
ture
for
aski
ng ‘w
hy’ q
uest
ions
in R
E�
mod
els
the
orga
niza
tiona
l con
text
for
info
rmat
ion
syst
ems
�ba
sed
on th
e no
tion
of a
n “in
tent
iona
l act
or”
�Tw
o pa
rts
to th
e m
odel
�S
trat
egic
dep
ende
ncy
(SD
) m
odel
-m
odel
s re
latio
nshi
ps b
etw
een
the
acto
rs�
goal
/sof
tgoa
l dep
ende
ncy
-an
act
or d
epen
ds o
n an
othe
r ac
tor
to a
ttain
a g
oal
�re
sour
ce d
epen
denc
y-
an a
ctor
nee
ds a
res
ourc
e fr
om a
noth
er a
ctor
�ta
sk d
epen
denc
y-
an a
ctor
nee
ds a
noth
er a
ctor
to c
arry
out
a ta
sk
�S
trat
egic
ratio
nale
(SR
) m
odel
-m
odel
s co
ncer
ns a
nd in
tere
sts
of th
e ac
tors
�S
how
s ta
sk d
ecom
posi
tions
�S
how
s m
eans
-end
s lin
ks b
etw
een
task
s an
d go
als
i*
9
Can
you
rep
rese
nt th
is in
UM
L?
10
Str
ateg
ic D
epen
denc
y M
odel
11
Str
ateg
ic R
atio
nale
Mod
el
12
Ent
erpr
ise
Mod
elin
g
Why
?(G
oal-o
rient
ed E
M in
Req
uire
men
ts E
licita
tion)
Age
nt-o
rient
ed E
M
Bus
ines
s M
odel
ing
Usi
ng U
ML
Con
vent
iona
l Tec
hniq
ues
App
endi
x: M
ore
on E
nter
pris
e M
odel
ing
with
the
UM
L
Whe
n th
e on
ly to
ol th
at y
ou h
ave
is th
e ha
mm
er, e
very
pro
blem
will
look
like
a n
ail.
13
Bus
ines
s M
odel
ing
A B
usin
ess
is a
n E
nter
pris
e to
o
Bus
ines
s m
odel
ing
is a
tech
niqu
e to
hel
p an
swer
cr
itica
l que
stio
ns, s
uch
as:
�W
hat d
o th
e w
orke
rs (
user
s) d
o be
fore
usi
ng o
ur s
yste
m?
�W
hat b
usin
ess
valu
edo
es th
e sy
stem
brin
g?�
Wha
t is
the
busi
ness
sys
tem
(pr
oces
s) th
is c
ompu
ter s
yste
m w
ill b
e su
ppor
ting?
�W
hat i
s th
e bu
sine
ss s
yste
m in
form
atio
n th
is c
ompu
ter s
yste
m w
ill b
e m
aint
aini
ng?
�H
ow d
o yo
u kn
ow y
ou h
ave
iden
tifie
d al
l sys
tem
use
cas
es?
�H
ow d
o yo
u kn
ow y
ou h
ave
iden
tifie
d th
e rig
ht u
se c
ases
?
Wha
t are
the
diffe
renc
es b
etw
een
Ent
erpr
ise
Mod
elin
g, B
usin
ess
Mod
elin
g an
d S
yste
m M
odel
ing?
Why
Bus
ines
s M
odel
ing
? -
Bus
ines
s co
mpl
exity
•N
eed
to u
nder
stan
d th
e st
ruct
ure
and
dyna
mic
s of
the
orga
niza
tion
•C
omm
on u
nder
stan
ding
of t
he o
rgan
izat
ion
14
S a
chie
ves
R to
sol
veP
inD
Bus
ines
s M
odel
ing
Req
uire
men
ts
15
Wor
kflo
w fo
r B
usin
ess
Mod
elin
g in
the
RU
P
Cop
yrig
ht©
198
7 -
2001
Rat
iona
l Sof
twar
e C
orpo
ratio
n
16
Wha
t Art
ifact
s A
re U
sed
to M
anag
e R
equi
rem
ents
in R
UP
?
Whe
re is
the
prob
lem
def
ined
?W
here
are
the
stak
ehol
ders
and
use
rs li
sted
?W
here
are
the
envi
ronm
ents
and
pla
tform
s id
entif
ied?
Whe
re a
re th
e us
e ca
ses
mai
ntai
ned?
Whe
re is
the
com
mon
term
inol
ogy
stor
ed?
Vis
ion
Use
Cas
eS
pecs
Glo
ssar
y
Sup
plem
enta
ry
Spe
c
Whe
re a
re th
e no
n-fu
nctio
nal
requ
irem
ents
loca
ted?
Whe
re a
re th
e st
akeh
olde
r N
eeds
/Req
uest
s ca
ptur
ed?
Sta
keho
lder
R
eque
sts
17
Bus
ines
s M
odel
ing
Usi
ng U
ML
Des
crib
e th
e P
robl
em in
the
Vis
ion
Doc
umen
t
Use
r D
ocum
enta
tion
Spe
cific
atio
ns
Des
ign
Spe
cific
atio
ns
Sta
keho
lder
Req
uest
s
Vis
ion
Doc
umen
t
Sup
plem
enta
ryS
peci
ficat
ion
Use
-Cas
e M
odel
Pro
blem
D
efin
ition
�C
omm
unic
ates
info
rmat
ion
betw
een
man
agem
ent,
mar
ketin
g, a
nd th
e pr
ojec
t tea
m.
�P
rovi
des
initi
al c
usto
mer
feed
back
.
�F
oste
rs g
ener
al u
nder
stan
ding
of t
he p
rodu
ct.
�E
stab
lishe
s sc
ope
and
prio
rity
of h
igh-
leve
l st
akeh
olde
r re
ques
ts a
nd fe
atur
es.
�A
sys
tem
-leve
l doc
umen
t tha
t des
crib
es t
he
“wha
t” a
nd “
why
” of
the
prod
uct.
�A
doc
umen
t th
at g
ets
“all
part
ies
wor
king
fro
m
the
sam
e bo
ok.”
18
Vis
ion
Doc
umen
t Out
line*
1.In
trod
uctio
n2.
Pos
ition
ing
3.S
take
hold
er a
nd U
ser
Des
crip
tions
4.
Pro
duct
Ove
rvie
w5.
Pro
duct
Fea
ture
s6.
Con
stra
ints
7.
Qua
lity
Ran
ges
8.P
rece
denc
e an
d P
riorit
y9.
Oth
er P
rodu
ct R
equi
rem
ents
10.
Doc
umen
tatio
n R
equi
rem
ents
11.
App
endi
x 1
-F
eatu
re A
ttrib
utes
* se
e ht
tp://
ww
w.u
tdal
las.
edu/
~chu
ng/S
AM
PLE
/vis
ion_
exer
cise
Vis
ion
The
pro
blem
of
(des
crib
e th
e pr
oble
m)
affe
cts
(the
sta
keho
lder
s af
fect
ed b
y th
e pr
oble
m)
the
impa
ct o
f whi
ch is
(wha
t is
the
impa
ct o
f the
pro
blem
)
a su
cces
sful
sol
utio
n w
ould
(list
som
e ke
y bu
sine
ss b
enef
its o
f a
succ
essf
ul s
olut
ion)
Pro
blem
Sta
tem
ent
19
Bus
ines
s M
odel
ing
Usi
ng U
ML
busi
ness
act
ors,
bus
ines
s us
e ca
ses,
bus
ines
s ob
jec
t mod
els
�de
fine
who
and
wha
t will
inte
ract
with
the
busi
ness
. �
defin
e w
hat s
ervi
ces
the
busi
ness
are
to p
rovi
de.
�To
dev
elop
a s
urve
y of
the
busi
ness
ser
vice
s.
�de
fine
the
boun
darie
s of
the
busi
ness
to b
e m
odel
ed.
�ou
tline
the
proc
esse
s in
the
busi
ness
.
�D
omai
n m
odel
–O
ne N
otio
n:
�an
"in
com
plet
e" b
usin
ess
obje
ct m
odel
, i.e
., a
subs
et o
f the
bus
ines
s ob
ject
mod
el�
focu
sing
on
expl
aini
ng p
rodu
cts,
del
iver
able
s, o
r ev
ents
that
are
impo
rtan
t to
the
bu
sine
ss d
omai
n,
�bu
t not
incl
udin
g th
e re
spon
sibi
litie
spe
ople
car
ry.
20
Fin
d B
usin
ess
Act
ors
�A
bus
ines
s ac
tor
cand
idat
e is
any
indi
vidu
al, g
roup
, org
aniz
atio
n,
com
pany
, or
mac
hine
that
inte
ract
s w
ith th
e bu
sine
ss:
�C
usto
mer
s �
Par
tner
s �
Sup
plie
rs
�A
utho
ritie
s (le
gal,
regu
lato
ry, a
nd s
o fo
rth)
�
Sub
sidi
arie
s �
Ow
ners
and
inve
stor
s (t
he b
oard
of d
irect
ors
may
be
par
t of t
he
busi
ness
or
mod
eled
as
an a
ctor
) �
Info
rmat
ion
syst
ems
outs
ide
of th
e bu
sine
ss
�If
the
busi
ness
to b
e m
odel
led
is p
art o
f a la
rge
com
pany
, the
se
cate
gorie
s m
ay a
lso
cont
ain
busi
ness
act
ors:
�
Oth
er p
arts
of t
he c
ompa
ny
�In
divi
dual
rol
es w
ithin
oth
er d
epar
tmen
ts
�N
ame
each
bus
ines
s ac
tor
usin
g its
rol
e in
the
busi
ness
. Def
ine
each
bus
ines
s ac
tor
brie
fly, i
nclu
ding
its
resp
onsi
bilit
y an
d w
hy it
in
tera
cts
with
the
busi
ness
.
21
Fin
d B
usin
ess
Use
Cas
es
�F
or th
e pr
imar
y bu
sine
ss u
se c
ases
, con
side
r w
hat
valu
e ea
ch b
usin
ess
acto
r ge
ts fr
om
the
busi
ness
. Sta
rt w
ith th
e pr
imar
y an
d m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t bus
ines
s ac
tors
—th
e cu
stom
ers:
�W
hat a
re th
e pr
imar
y se
rvic
es a
cus
tom
er r
ecei
ves
from
the
bus
ines
s? S
tudy
the
cust
omer
's li
fecy
cle:
�
Wha
t was
the
cust
omer
's fi
rst c
onta
ct w
ith th
e bu
sine
ss?
�W
hat s
tage
s or
sta
tes
does
the
cust
omer
go
thro
ugh
in r
elat
ion
to th
e bu
sine
ss?
�F
rom
a p
ersp
ectiv
e of
sup
port
ing
the
busi
ness
, pro
cess
es c
an a
lso
be r
epre
sent
ed a
s bu
sine
ss u
se c
ases
. Act
iviti
es to
: �
Dev
elop
and
mai
ntai
n th
e st
aff
�D
evel
op a
nd m
aint
ain
the
IT w
ithin
the
busi
ness
�
Dev
elop
and
mai
ntai
n th
e of
fice
�S
ecur
ity
�Le
gal a
ctiv
ities
�F
rom
the
pers
pect
ive
of m
anag
ing
the
busi
ness
, alth
ough
not
as
inte
rest
ing
from
an
IS
pers
pect
ive,
con
side
r w
hat
the
owne
r ac
tors
get
from
the
busi
ness
. Act
iviti
es to
: �
Dev
elop
and
pro
vide
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
bus
ines
s to
ow
ners
and
inve
stor
s �
Set
up
long
-ter
m b
udge
t goa
ls
�C
oord
inat
e an
d pr
iori
tize
betw
een
the
othe
r us
e ca
ses
in th
e bu
sine
ss
�C
reat
e ne
w p
roce
sses
in th
e bu
sine
ss
�M
onito
r the
pro
cess
es in
the
busi
ness
22
Prio
ritiz
e B
usin
ess
Use
Cas
es
�P
riorit
ize
thos
e bu
sine
ss u
se c
ases
that
are
of i
nter
est a
nd to
be
desc
ribed
in s
ome
deta
il:
�In
volv
ed in
bus
ines
s (r
e-)e
ngin
eerin
g, h
ence
to fi
nd r
equi
rem
ents
on
the
inte
nded
info
rmat
ion
syst
em.
�In
nee
d of
a s
tep-
by-s
tep
desc
riptio
n be
fore
mak
ing
a de
cisi
on
whe
ther
to b
ecom
e bu
sine
ss u
se c
ases
or
not,
due
to th
eir
uncl
ear
rele
vanc
e to
the
inte
nded
info
rmat
ion-
syst
em.
�E
stab
lish
thos
e bu
sine
ss a
ctor
s w
ho in
tera
ct w
ith t
he b
usin
ess
use
case
by
defin
ing
a co
mm
unic
ates
-ass
ocia
tion
betw
een
them
. �
If it'
s im
port
ant t
o sh
ow w
ho in
itiat
ed t
he c
omm
unic
atio
n, y
ou c
an
add
navi
gabi
lity
to th
e as
soci
atio
n.
Des
crib
e H
ow B
usin
ess
Act
ors
and
Bus
ines
s U
se C
ases
Inte
ract
23
Dev
elop
an
Out
line
of th
e W
orkf
low
of B
usin
ess
Use
Cas
es
�A
ste
p-by
-ste
p ou
tline
of t
he w
orkf
low
to u
nder
stan
d th
e pu
rpos
e of
th
e bu
sine
ss u
se c
ase.
Exa
mpl
e:�
The
firs
t dra
ft of
a s
tep-
by-s
tep
wor
kflo
w d
escr
iptio
n of
the
busi
ness
use
ca
se "
Indi
vidu
al C
heck
-in"
mig
ht lo
ok:
�P
asse
nger
ent
ers
the
queu
e to
the
chec
k-in
cou
nter
. �
Pas
seng
er g
ives
tick
et to
che
ck-in
age
nt.
�C
heck
-in a
gent
val
idat
es ti
cket
. �
Che
ck-in
age
nt r
egis
ters
bag
gage
. �
Che
ck-in
age
nt r
eser
ves
seat
for
the
pass
enge
r.
�B
oard
ing
card
is p
rinte
d.
�C
heck
-in a
gent
giv
es p
asse
nger
boa
rdin
g ca
rd.
�P
asse
nger
leav
es th
e ch
eck-
in c
ount
er.
�A
s a
first
dra
ft, it
may
ver
y w
ell l
ack
activ
ities
th
at w
ill b
e di
scov
ered
la
ter.
May
als
o in
clud
e al
tern
ativ
e flo
ws
in th
is f
irst d
raft.
24
Fin
al s
teps
�P
acka
ge B
usin
ess
Use
Cas
es a
nd A
ctor
s
�P
rese
nt th
e B
usin
ess
Use
-Cas
e M
odel
in U
se-C
ase
Dia
gram
s�
Com
bina
tion
of b
usin
ess
acto
rs, b
usin
ess
use
case
s, a
nd th
eir
rela
tions
hips
: �
a bu
sine
ss a
ctor
and
all
the
busi
ness
use
cas
es w
ith w
hich
he
or s
he in
tera
cts
�bu
sine
ss u
se c
ases
that
inte
ract
with
the
sam
e bu
sine
ss a
ctor
s �
busi
ness
use
cas
es th
at a
re u
sual
ly p
erfo
rmed
in a
seq
uenc
e �
busi
ness
use
cas
es th
at b
elon
g to
the
sam
e us
e ca
se p
acka
ge
�th
e m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t bus
ines
s us
e ca
ses,
as
a su
mm
ary
of th
e co
mpl
ete
busi
ness
use
-cas
e m
odel
an
d fo
r re
view
ing
the
mod
el
�D
evel
op a
Sur
vey
of th
e B
usin
ess
Use
-Cas
e M
odel
�T
he S
urve
y D
escr
iptio
n of
the
busi
ness
use
-cas
e m
odel
con
veys
: �
the
purp
ose
of th
e bu
sine
ss b
eing
des
crib
ed
�th
e ty
pica
l seq
uenc
es in
whi
ch t
he b
usin
ess
use
case
s ar
e em
ploy
ed
�th
e pa
rts
of th
e bu
sine
ss th
at a
re n
ot in
clud
ed in
the
busi
ness
use
-cas
e m
odel
�E
valu
ate
You
r R
esul
ts�
all n
eces
sary
bus
ines
s us
e ca
ses
are
iden
tifie
d �
any
unne
cess
ary
busi
ness
use
cas
es a
re id
entif
ied
�th
e be
havi
or o
f eac
h bu
sine
ss u
se c
ase
is d
escr
ibed
in th
e rig
ht o
rder
�
each
bus
ines
s us
e ca
se's
wor
kflo
w is
as
com
plet
e as
it c
ould
be
at th
is s
tage
�
the
Sur
vey
Des
crip
tion
of th
e bu
sine
ss u
se-c
ase
mod
el m
akes
it u
nder
stan
dabl
e
25
Bus
ines
s M
odel
ing
with
the
UM
L
Cop
yrig
ht©
198
7 -
2001
Rat
iona
l Sof
twar
e C
orpo
ratio
n
26
The
UM
L pr
ovid
es d
iffer
ent d
iagr
ams
Eac
h U
ML
diag
ram
pro
vide
s a
diffe
rent
vie
w o
f the
bus
ines
s:
�us
e ca
sedi
agra
ms
desc
ribe
the
busi
ness
con
text
.
�ac
tivity
diag
ram
s de
scrib
e be
havi
ors
in th
e bu
sine
ss, o
r bu
sine
ss w
orkf
low
s.
�cl
ass
diag
ram
s de
scrib
e th
e st
atic
str
uctu
rein
the
busi
ness
.
�in
tera
ctio
nsdi
agra
ms
(seq
uenc
edi
agra
ms
and
colla
bora
tion
diag
ram
s)
desc
ribe
the
dyna
mic
inte
ract
ions
betw
een
empl
oyee
s an
d th
ings
that
they
m
anip
ulat
e. T
hus
they
indi
cate
how
the
beha
vior
s de
scrib
ed in
act
ivity
di
agra
ms
are
real
ized
.
�st
ate
tran
sitio
ndi
agra
ms,
�de
ploy
men
tdia
gram
s,
�ob
ject
dia
gram
s,
�et
c.
27
(Bus
ines
s) U
se-C
ase
Dia
gram
Cop
yrig
ht©
198
7 -
2001
Rat
iona
l Sof
twar
e C
orpo
ratio
n
28
(Bus
ines
s) A
ctiv
ity D
iagr
ams
To
docu
men
t a b
usin
ess
wor
kflo
w:
•w
hat h
appe
ns in
a w
orkf
low
,
�w
hat a
ctiv
ities
can
be
done
in p
aral
lel,
�w
heth
er th
ere
are
alte
rnat
ive
path
s th
roug
h a
wor
kflo
w.
�In
the
use-
case
mod
el:
to c
aptu
re th
e ac
tiviti
es
and
actio
ns;
�E
ssen
tially
a fl
ow c
hart
, sho
win
g flo
w o
f con
trol
fr
om o
ne a
ctiv
ity o
r ac
tion
to a
noth
er.
Act
ivity
1A
ctiv
ity 3
Act
ivity
2
�A
n ac
tivity
spe
cifie
s th
e be
havi
or e
xpre
ssed
as
a fl
ow o
f exe
cutio
n vi
a se
quen
cing
of
subo
rdin
ate
units
.�
Sub
ordi
nate
uni
ts in
clud
e ne
sted
act
iviti
es a
nd
ultim
atel
y in
divi
dual
act
ions
.
�M
ay c
onta
in b
oole
an e
xpre
ssio
n co
nstr
aint
s w
hen
the
activ
ity is
ent
ered
or
exite
d.
<<
Pre
cond
ition
>>
Boo
lean
con
stra
int
Act
ivity
5<
<P
ostc
ondi
tion>
>B
oole
an c
onst
rain
t
Act
ivity
4
Act
ivity
2
29
Exa
mpl
e1: A
ctiv
ity D
iagr
am
Syn
chro
niza
tion
Bar
(F
ork)
Gua
rdC
ondi
tion
Syn
chro
niza
tion
Bar
(Jo
in)
Dec
isio
n
Con
curr
ent
Thr
eads
Tran
sitio
n
Sel
ect C
ours
e
[ add
cou
rse
]
Che
ck
Sch
edul
eC
heck
P
re-r
equi
site
s
Ass
ign
to
Cou
rse
Res
olve
C
onfli
cts
Upd
ate
Sch
edul
e
Del
ete
Cou
rse
[ che
cks
com
plet
ed ]
[ che
cks
faile
d ]
[ del
ete
cour
se ]
Act
ivity
/Act
ion
30
Exa
mpl
e2: b
usin
ess
activ
ity d
iagr
am
An
Act
ivity
Dia
gram
doc
umen
ting
how
the
busi
ness
per
form
s a
Pro
posa
l pr
oces
s, w
ith th
ree
area
s of
res
pons
ibili
ties:
Cus
tom
er S
ales
Inte
rfac
e,
Pro
posa
l Ow
ner,
and
Quo
te O
wne
r.
Cop
yrig
ht©
198
7 -
2001
Rat
iona
l Sof
twar
e C
orpo
ratio
n
31
Sho
w b
usin
ess
entit
ies
bein
g m
anip
ulat
ed in
the
act
iviti
es
An
activ
ity d
iagr
am s
how
ing
busi
ness
ent
ities
(a
Pr
opos
al, a
Quo
te, a
Pla
n)
and
thei
r st
ates
(cr
eate
d/co
mpl
ete)
.
Cop
yrig
ht©
198
7 -
2001
Rat
iona
l Sof
twar
e C
orpo
ratio
n
32
Bus
ines
s cl
ass
diag
ram
s
�T
o sh
ow w
hich
bus
ines
s w
orke
rsan
d bu
sine
ss e
ntiti
esar
e co
llabo
ratin
g to
im
plem
ent a
bus
ines
s pr
oces
s.�
To
show
sta
tic s
truc
ture
an
d re
latio
nshi
ps a
mon
g bu
sine
ss e
ntiti
es. A
cla
ss
diag
ram
wou
ld b
e us
ed to
rep
rese
nt th
e or
g ch
art o
f a b
usin
ess
(usi
ng
orga
niza
tion
units
and
bus
ines
s w
orke
rs).
A c
lass
dia
gram
sho
win
g re
latio
nshi
ps
amon
g bu
sine
ss e
ntiti
es.
A c
lass
dia
gram
sho
win
g re
latio
nshi
ps b
etw
een
busi
ness
w
orke
rs(C
heck
-in A
gent
, Bag
gage
Coo
rdin
ator
) an
d bu
sine
ss e
ntiti
es(B
agga
ge,
Bag
gage
Tag
), s
how
ing
that
th
e C
heck
-In
Age
nt h
as th
e kn
owle
dge
of a
Bag
gage
Tag
, bu
t the
Bag
gage
Coo
rdin
ator
doe
s no
t.
Cop
yrig
ht©
198
7 -
2001
Rat
iona
l Sof
twar
e C
orpo
ratio
n
?w
ww
.rob
son.
co.u
k
33
Bus
ines
s S
eque
nce
Dia
gram
Cop
yrig
ht©
198
7 -
2001
Rat
iona
l Sof
twar
e C
orpo
ratio
n
Can
you
com
e up
with
a c
olla
bora
tion
diag
ram
from
thi
s?
ww
w.r
obso
n.co
.uk
34
A b
usin
ess
colla
bora
tion
diag
ram
A c
olla
bora
tion
diag
ram
sho
win
g a
view
of p
artic
ipa
ting
busi
ness
wor
kers
(S
ales
Per
son,
Sol
utio
n O
wne
r) a
nd b
usin
ess
entit
ies
(Cus
tom
er P
rofil
e, S
ales
Pla
n, e
tc)
in a
P
ropo
sal
proc
ess.
Cop
yrig
ht©
198
7 -
2001
Rat
iona
l Sof
twar
e C
orpo
ratio
n
Can
you
com
e up
with
a s
eque
nce
diag
ram
from
this
?
35
Pra
ctic
e dr
aw:
(1) U
se C
ase
Dia
gram
, (2
) Act
ivity
Dia
gram
and
(3
) Bus
ines
s C
lass
Dia
gram
Bus
ines
s P
roce
ss to
be
impl
emen
ted
�U
TD
wan
ts to
com
pute
rize
its r
egis
trat
ion
syst
em
�T
he R
egis
trar
set
s up
the
curr
icul
um fo
r a
sem
este
r�
One
cou
rse
may
hav
e m
ultip
le c
ours
e of
ferin
gs�
Stu
dent
s se
lect
four
(4)
prim
ary
cour
ses
and
two
(2)
alte
rnat
e co
urse
s�
Onc
e a
stud
ent r
egis
ters
for
a se
mes
ter,
the
billi
ng s
yste
m is
no
tifie
d so
the
stud
ent m
ay b
e bi
lled
for
the
sem
este
r�
Stu
dent
s m
ay u
se th
e sy
stem
to a
dd/d
rop
cour
ses
for
a pe
riod
of
time
afte
r re
gist
ratio
n�
Pro
fess
ors
use
the
syst
em to
set
thei
r pr
efer
red
cour
se o
fferin
gs
and
rece
ive
thei
r co
urse
offe
ring
rost
ers
afte
r st
uden
ts r
egis
ter
�U
sers
of t
he r
egis
trat
ion
syst
em a
re a
ssig
ned
pass
wor
ds w
hich
are
us
ed a
t log
on v
alid
atio
n
36
Stu
den
t
Ge
t C
lass
Ros
ters
Se
t C
ours
e O
fferin
gs
Pro
fes
sor
Bill
ing
Sy
ste
m
Mai
ntai
n S
em
este
r C
ata
log
Ma
inta
in P
rofe
sso
r In
form
atio
n
Clo
se
Reg
istr
atio
n
Re
gis
trar
Re
gis
ter
for
Cou
rse
s
Cou
rse
Ca
talo
g
Wha
t kin
d of
dia
gram
is th
is?
?
37
Set
cou
rse
offe
rings
for
sem
este
r
Sem
este
r P
lann
ing
Get
Ros
ters
Upd
ate
Ros
ters
Set
up
curr
icul
um
Pro
vide
Pas
swor
ds
Mon
itor
Pro
cess
Man
age
Cou
rses
Clo
se D
ate
[no]
[yes
]
Sem
este
r S
ched
ule
Sec
tions
Upd
ated
S
ectio
ns
Get
Pas
swor
d
Reg
iste
r fo
r C
lass
es
Sel
ect
Cou
rses
Add
or
Dro
p
chan
ge s
ched
ule
[not
sa
tisfie
d]
Co
mpl
ete
sche
dule
[sat
isfie
d]
Sch
edul
e
Bill
for
Tuiti
on a
nd F
ees
Bill
Ope
n R
egis
trat
ion Ope
n R
egis
trat
ion
Reg
istr
atio
n
[sat
isfie
d]
Bu
rsa
rS
tud
ent
Re
gist
rar
Pro
fess
or
?Wha
t is
this
38
Ros
ter
Pro
fess
or
(fro
m U
niv
ers
ity
Art
ifa
cts)
Reg
istr
ar
(fro
m U
se C
ase
Vie
w)
Stu
dent
Sem
este
rCou
rseO
fferin
gs
Sec
tion
Stu
dent
Sch
edul
e
Bill
Sys
tem
Bill
Wha
t kin
d of
dia
gram
is th
is?
Whe
re a
re a
ctor
s?
39
Can
you
sho
w h
ow b
usin
ess
acto
rs,
busi
ness
wor
kers
, and
(so
ftwar
e sy
stem
) ac
tors
wor
k to
geth
er?
Can
you
sho
w h
ow b
usin
ess
use
case
s ar
e re
late
d to
(s
oftw
are
syst
em)
use
case
s?
Can
you
sho
w h
ow b
usin
ess
clas
s di
agra
ms
are
rela
ted
to
(sof
twar
e sy
stem
) us
e di
agra
ms?
True
of F
alse
?A
ctor
s ca
n be
ass
ocia
ted
only
with
use
cas
es, c
lass
es o
r co
mpo
nent
s,
but
not
with
oth
er a
ctor
s.
Can
you
sho
w h
ow u
se c
ase
diag
ram
s ar
e re
late
d to
sta
te tr
ansi
tion
diag
ram
s?
Can
you
sho
w h
ow b
usin
ess
use
case
s ar
e re
late
d to
bu
sine
ss
sequ
ence
dia
gram
s?
Som
e C
ritic
al R
evie
w Q
uest
ions
40
Ent
erpr
ise
Mod
elin
g
Why
?(G
oal-o
rient
ed E
M in
Req
uire
men
ts E
licita
tion)
Age
nt-o
rient
ed E
M
Bus
ines
s M
odel
ing
Usi
ng U
ML
Con
vent
iona
l Tec
hniq
ues
App
endi
x: M
ore
on E
nter
pris
e M
odel
ing
with
the
UM
L
Whe
n th
e on
ly to
ol th
at y
ou h
ave
is th
e ha
mm
er, e
very
pro
blem
will
look
like
a n
ail.
41
Con
vent
iona
l Tec
hniq
ues
�O
ther
Fun
ctio
nal S
truc
tura
l RM
tech
niqu
es(S
ee S
emi-f
orm
al S
peci
ficat
ion
-F
unct
iona
l Str
uctu
ral R
M):
�S
AD
T
�ID
EF
42
43
44
45
46
App
endi
x:
Mor
e on
Ent
erpr
ise/
Dom
ain/
Bus
ines
s M
odel
ing
with
the
UM
L
47
The
Uni
fied
Pro
cess
: A
noth
er P
ersp
ectiv
e
App
lyin
g U
ML
and
Pat
tern
s: A
n In
trod
uctio
n to
Obj
ect-
Orie
nted
Ana
lysi
s an
d D
esig
n an
d th
e U
nifie
d P
roce
ss, 2
nd e
d., C
. Lar
man
–pg
. 81
48
The
Uni
fied
Pro
cess
: A
noth
er P
ersp
ectiv
e
App
lyin
g U
ML
and
Pat
tern
s: A
n In
trod
uctio
n to
Obj
ect-
Orie
nted
Ana
lysi
s an
d D
esig
n an
d th
e U
nifie
d P
roce
ss, 2
nd e
d., C
. Lar
man
–pg
. 81
49
The
Uni
fied
Pro
cess
: Ano
ther
Per
spec
tive
App
lyin
g U
ML
and
Pat
tern
s: A
n In
trod
uctio
n to
Obj
ect-
Orie
nted
Ana
lysi
s an
d D
esig
n an
d th
e U
nifie
d P
roce
ss, 2
nd e
d., C
. Lar
man
–pg
. 81
50
Con
veyo
r Li
ne S
ortin
g S
yste
m (
CLS
S)
CLS
S m
ust b
e de
velo
ped
such
that
box
es m
ovin
g al
ong
a co
nvey
or li
ne w
ill b
e id
entif
ied
and
sort
ed in
to o
ne o
f six
bin
s at
the
end
of th
e lin
e. T
he b
oxes
will
pa
ss b
y a
sort
ing
stat
ion
whe
re th
ey w
ill b
e id
entif
ied.
Bas
ed o
n an
id
entif
icat
ion
num
ber
prin
ted
on th
e si
de o
f the
box
and
a b
ar c
ode,
the
boxe
s w
ill b
e sh
unte
d in
to th
e ap
prop
riate
bin
s. B
oxes
pas
s in
ran
dom
ord
er
and
are
even
ly s
pace
d. T
he li
ne is
mov
ing
slow
ly.
A d
esk-
top
com
pute
r lo
cate
d at
the
sort
ing
stat
ion
exec
utes
all
CLS
S s
oftw
are,
in
tera
cts
with
the
bar-
code
rea
der
to r
ead
part
num
bers
on
each
box
, in
tera
cts
with
the
conv
eyor
line
mon
itorin
g eq
uipm
ent t
o ac
quire
con
veyo
r lin
e sp
eed,
sto
res
all p
art n
umbe
rs s
orte
d, in
tera
cts
with
a s
ortin
g st
atio
n op
erat
or to
pro
duce
a v
arie
ty o
f rep
orts
and
dia
gnos
tics,
sen
ds c
ontr
ol
sign
als
to th
e sh
untin
g ha
rdw
are
to s
ort t
he b
oxes
, and
com
mun
icat
es w
ith a
ce
ntra
l fac
tory
aut
omat
ion
syst
em.
Sof
twar
e E
ngin
eerin
g: A
Pra
ctiti
oner
’s A
ppro
ach,
6/e
Sof
twar
e E
ngin
eerin
g: A
Pra
ctiti
oner
’s A
ppro
ach,
6/e
copy
right
© 1
996,
200
1, 2
005
R.S
. Pre
ssm
an &
Ass
ocia
tes,
Inc.
Is th
is D
, R o
r S
?
51
Dep
loym
ent D
iagr
am
CLSS
pro
cess
or
Sort
ing
subs
yste
m
Sens
or d
ata
acqu
isiti
on s
ubsy
stem
Ope
rato
r di
spla
y
shun
t co
ntro
ller
Conv
eyor
Pu
lse
tach
Bar
code
rea
der
Shun
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Mod
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busi
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pro
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UM
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ww
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Mod
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57
Mod
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terp
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rans
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58
Mod
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60
Use
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61
Service Oriented Architecture
Architecture Work::Reference Architectures::Service As Business View
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1.1. Viewpoint
1.2. Stakeholders and Participants
1.3. Needs and capabilities
Need
62
Service Oriented Architecture
Architecture Work::Reference Architectures::Service As Business View
http://w
iki.oasis-open.org/soa-rm/TheArchitecture/ServiceAsBusinessView
1.4. Social Structure
1.4.1. Shared state and social facts
1.5. Acting in a social context
1.6. Roles in Social Structures
1.7. Governance and social structures
1.8. Tail piece
63
How
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ld y
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odel
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64
Wha
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mac
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In th
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phe
nom
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65
Not
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66
Not
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67
How
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Goa
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Req
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Ref
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