env mr 1-why environment
TRANSCRIPT
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HY
ENVIRONMENT?
Mohit Ray
ATI Course
28 December
2014
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Prepared by Dr Mohit Ray
Name of 2 boos for refere!ce to eco"o#y a!da"so for e!$iro!me!ta" scie!ce i! #e!era"%
1% Co!cepts of &co"o#y ' & ( )ormo!dy '
Pre!tice *a"" I!dia+ N De"hi
2% &!$iro!me!ta" ,cie!ce ' , C ,a!tra ' Ne-Ce!tra" .oo A#e!cy+ )o"ata
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Environment
To be Managed ?
To be Preserved ? To be Revered ?
To be Controlled ?
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Back to History Route to Environment
Environment of this Earth and itsconstituents have changedmany times
The environment is a modern concept.Hundred and fifty years back, we called itNature
Nature has been seen differentlyindifferent ages and different civilization
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Eastern ancient civilizations
I!dia! / Chi!ese ha$e re$ered !ature forpro$idi!# suste!a!ce
(ust as rai!drops #e!erate from the c"oudsa!d #oes bac i!to it i! course of time from
the su!rays+ so a"" the a!imates a!di!a!imate bei!#s ori#i!ate from the eartha!d e!ds up i!to the cosmic bei!#%
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How Greeks Saw It
Aristot"e
Plant eist for the sake ofanimals,brute beasts for the sake ofman,domestic animals for his use and food! "ince Nature makes nothing in vain
it is undeniably true that she hasmade all animals for the sake ofman.
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Judeo-Christian thouhts have dominance
over nature!
Bi"le #Genesis$
And God said, Let us make man in ourimage, after our likeness: and let themhave dominance over the sh of thesea, and over the fowl of the air, and
over the cattle and over all the earth,and over every creeping thing thatcreepeth upon the earth.
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Environmental %ollution
*uma! ci$i"isatio! is sy!o!ymous -ith po""utio! It started -ith the use of fire+
most ete!si$e impact -as de$e"opme!t of
a#ricu"ture thou#h urba! peop"e see a#ricu"tura"fie"d as !ature
.ut it -as most"y ma!a#eab"e thou#h !ota"-ays
I! &!#"a!d the comp"ai!t started from 110s%As ear"y as 103+ Coa" bur!i!# -as prohibitedi! o!do!% 5!e perso! -as ha!#ed for that
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&evelo'ment o( Science ) *echnoloy
Chaned the +orld,, In the nineteenth century, growth of scientific
knowledge, birth of new technical expertise and
successful implementation of large industrial projects
produced a completely different feeling of dominanceover nature.
In the days of laissez faire at its height, with no or
little legal restrictions, the environment around
suffered enormously. Thames was one of the most polluted rivers. Salmon
fish disappeared in !!". #fter much pollution control
it reappeared in $%&, after $' years
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Science also ave new insiht into nature,, 6ith the pub"icatio! of Origin of Species7189 by
Char"es Dar-i!+ the :uestio! of separate eiste!ce of ma!from other forms of "ife -as
comp"ete"y !e#ated%
I! 18;0 &r!st *aced first defi!ed the term ecoloy.by
-hich he mea!t < =the body of !o-"ed#e co!cer!i!#the eco!omy of !ature'the i!$esti#atio! of the tota"re"atio!s of a!ima" both to its i!or#a!ic a!d to its or#a!ice!$iro!me!t=> A re"atio! of both i!or#a!ic a!d or#a!ic
e!$iro!me!t -as i!corporated i! the stateme!t%Prepared by Dr Mohit Ray
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/ar0ist 1iew
?rederic &!#"es -rote@
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Chanin 2ature in Euro'e
&urope i! particu"ar ce!tra" &urope -as a hea$i"y-ooded re#io! i! a!cie!t times% At the be#i!!i!# a!d
for "o!# time because of the !eeds for a#ricu"tura"
"a!d forest"a!d -as c"eared+ "ater the !eeds cha!#ed
a!d peop"e "o##ed forests because of the -ood% 3orest cover declined 'ermanently and reached its
all time low in the Industrial 4e! Some sources
arue that (orest cover has achieved a level as low
as less than 567!
After the starti!# of use of coa"+ the deforestatio!
started to dec"i!e
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But Euro'e 'ros'ered too
.ut because of scie!tific
pro#ress+ a$ai"abi"ity of more
resources+ more food etc
made &uropea! more
hea"thier tha! e$er before% 4verae li(e e0'ectancy
which was stanant at
a"out 86 in 9:;6 in Euro'e
increased to
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Environmental 4e Beins
Pollution in England - Smog death 1952
Silent Sring Ra!hel Carson 19"2
Small is #eauti$ul E%&%Suma!her - 19"'
Club o$ Rome Reort (imit to )ro*th 19+,
19+1 Earth a. in /S0
#runtland Reort 19+
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International E((ort Starts
$%( ) *nited +ations onference on
-uman nvironment / Stockholm
$$( ) arth summit ) 0io/1e 2aneiro
) #genda (
(''( / 3orld Summit on Sustainable
1evelopment ) 2ohannesburg
2012 6or"d ,ummit at Rio
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Environmental /anaement &e"ate Starts
i# Nature %entric
ii# Eco¢ric iii# "ocio&Economy %entric iv# Techno&Economic
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2ature Centric
Nature&%entric
philosophers believe thatevery tree, every river,every mountain has its own
entity.co!td%
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'amous nature&cultivator 'ukuoka(
men used to come in contact withdewdrops while working on grass,but the day he started scientificanalysis of dewdrop he degradedhimself to hell of rationalism.
)andhian Environmentalists aredifferent but close to that("undarlal *ahuguna and %handi
Prasad *hattPrepared by Dr Mohit Ray
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Eco-Centric 2ature >nows Best
E!ologi!al Control - ature has to be
understood not $or its siritual role
but $or its e!ologi!al role 0 tree hasto be rese!ted $or its e!ologi!al
role%
Contd%
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atural mode o$ rodu!tion to
be $ollo*ed%
S!ien!e should not $ollo*
redu!tionist ath - holisti!
aroa!h
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Socio Economic-Chane the %aradim
1evelopment 1ebate )
3hat is 1evelopment 44
5imit to 6rowth
Small is beautiful /
#nti 7ig 8roject
5ocalised 3orld
hange the Society
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*echno-Economic aenda
*roika o(
Science? *echnoloy ) Economics
Problem will generate technical
solution "cience + Technology can
meet the challenge
Environmental 'iscal "teps Pollution Echange %lean evelopment -echanism
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Environmental
/anaement
CulturalHeritae
Scienti(ic
>nowlede
EconomicsSocialRes'onsi"ilities
Su"@ective
Evaluation
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Environmental &e"ates
Narmada Mo$eme!t
BM ?ood
rba!isatio!
C"imate Cha!#e
?orest Ri#hts
Traditio!a" Practices
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B"oba" 6armi!#
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Climate
Change
Do we have
any
responsiility
?
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Glo"al Emission Share
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%er Ca'ita Share
Country CA5et'ersonyear
Banladesh 6!5;
India 9!9:
Brazil 9!:9
China 8!;indom
:!D
Ja'an =!D:
4ustralia 9:!
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Car"on 3oot'rint
4 car"on (oot'rint is the total set o( reenhouse ases #GHG$ emissions
caused "y a 'erson? an oranization? event or 'roductF
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2o Gas? only
kerosene 2o Electricity
2o 3lihts
2o Car
/inimu
m
3inancial
Services
2o %rivate
*rans'ort2o House "uildin
/inimumRecreation
Just li(e-sustainin (ood
consmu'tion5 new clothes 'er
year
&AES HE H41E 4 C4RBA2 3AA*
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A" Bore ?ootpri!t
?&.RAR 23+ 200;!ore"s mansion# $%&'room# eight'athroom( lo)ate* in the posh
+elle Mea*e area o, Nashville#
)ons-mes more ele)tri)ity every
month than the average
.meri)an ho-sehol* -ses in anentire year# a))or*ing to the
Nashville Ele)tri) /ervi)e 0NE/12
The average ho-sehol* in
.meri)a )ons-mes 3ilowatt'ho-rs 06Wh1 per year#
a))or*ing to the Department o,
Energy2 In %&&4# !ore *evo-re*
nearly %%3#&&& 6Wh''more than
%& times the national average2
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*he nited 2ations 3ramework Convention on Climate
Chane -as first formed i! 12 at Rio &arth ,ummit
The Co!$e!tio! e!tered i!to force o! 21 March 14 as 0
cou!tries si#!ed the Co!$e!tio!
sta"ilization o( reenhouse as concentrations in the
atmos'here at a level that would 'revent danerous
anthro'oenic human induced inter(erence with the climate
system! Such a level should "e achieved within a time-(rame
su((icient to allow ecosystems to ada't naturally to climate
chane? to ensure that (ood 'roduction is not threatened and to
ena"le economic develo'ment to 'roceed in a sustaina"le
manner.
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>yoto %rotocol
*he >yoto %rotocol -as adopted i! )yoto+ (apa!+ o! 11
December 1; a!d e!tered i!to force o! 13 ?ebruary 200% The
maEor disti!ctio! bet-ee! the Protoco" a!d the Co!$e!tio! is that
-hi"e the Co!$e!tio! encouraed
i!dustria"ised cou!tries to stabi"iFe B*B emissio!s+ the
Protoco" commitsthem to do so%
The maEor feature of the )yoto Protoco" is that it sets bi!di!#
tar#ets for ; i!dustria"iFed cou!tries a!d the &uropea!
commu!ity for reduci!# #ree!house #as 7B*B9 emissio!s %Theseamou!t to a! a$era#e of fi$e per ce!t a#ai!st 10 "e$e"s o$er the
fi$e'year period 2008'2012%
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Cope!ha#e! 6ar
%eo'le who wanted to reduce reuired 9866 iantlimousine cars? not availa"le in &enmark!
986 'rivate 'lanes arrived!
9;666 2GA activists assem"led (or (un and 'rotest!
+hat was the Car"on 3oot'rint o( such a meetin
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ima Meeti!#
Prepared by Dr Mohit Ray
Con(erences o( the %arties #CA%$ 4n
international meetin every year
Common But &i((erentiatedRes'onsi"ility CB&RS-China &eclaration
Intended 2ationally &eterminedContri"utions - I2&C
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;
India 2eeds /ore Enery (or its
&evelo'ment
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Climate o( 3earSar"anu >hatun
o( Banladesh is ac"imate -it!ess+
5G?AM produces
her i! Cope!ha#e!
as a! Ai"a $ictim
from ,u!darba!%
B* IS 4I4
I2>E& +I*H
GAB4
+4R/I2G
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Rea"ity is differe!t
The houses i! ,u!darba!+ i! 6est
.e!#a" a!d .a!#"adesh+ are
destroyed i! storms "ecause they
are 'oorly "uilt "am"oo or
mud houses!
4 stron "rick "uilt house doesnot et destroyed in a cyclone%
Hon >on (aces more tro'ical
storm "ut the city remains acentre o( commercial activity
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Tha! ou
P d b D M hi R