envi pollution

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PollutionPollution

Made byMade byVivek SharmaVivek Sharma

VIII AVIII A

Roll no. 39Roll no. 39



AIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTIONWATER POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTIONNOISE POLLUTION

WASTE POLLUTIONWASTE POLLUTION



Air pollutionAir pollution

Air pollution may be defined as theAir pollution may be defined as thepresence in the air (outdoor atmosphere)presence in the air (outdoor atmosphere)

of one or more contaminants orof one or more contaminants orcombinations thereof in such quantitiescombinations thereof in such quantitiesand of such durations as may be or tendand of such durations as may be or tendto be injurious to human, animal or plant to be injurious to human, animal or plant

life, or property, or which unreasonablylife, or property, or which unreasonablyinterferes with the comfortable enjoyment interferes with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property or conduct of business.of life or property or conduct of business.



Air PollutantAir PollutantIt is a substance or effect dwelling temporarily orIt is a substance or effect dwelling temporarily or

permanently in the air , which adversely alters thepermanently in the air , which adversely alters theenvironment by interfering with the health, theenvironment by interfering with the health, thecomfort, or the food chain, or by interfering withcomfort, or the food chain, or by interfering withthe property values of people.the property values of people.

A pollutant can be solid (large or subA pollutant can be solid (large or sub--molecular),molecular),

liquid or gas .liquid or gas .It may originate from a natural or anthropogenicIt may originate from a natural or anthropogenic

source (or both).source (or both).

It is estimated that anthropogenic sources haveIt is estimated that anthropogenic sources have

changed the composition of global air by less thanchanged the composition of global air by less than0.01%.0.01%.

However, it is widely accepted that even a smallHowever, it is widely accepted that even a smallchange can have a significant adverse effect on thechange can have a significant adverse effect on theclimate, ecosystem and species on the planet.climate, ecosystem and species on the planet.

Examples of these are acid rain, ozone in the lowerExamples of these are acid rain, ozone in the loweratmos here and hotochemical smo .atmos here and hotochemical smo .



Sulfur DioxideSulfur Dioxide

NinetyNinety--five percent of pollution relatedfive percent of pollution relatedsulfur oxide emissions are in the form ofsulfur oxide emissions are in the form ofsulfur dioxide (SOsulfur dioxide (SO22), a heavy, colorless gas), a heavy, colorless gas

with an odor like a struck match.with an odor like a struck match.This gas combines easily with water vapor,This gas combines easily with water vapor,

forming aerosols of sulfurous acid (Hforming aerosols of sulfurous acid (H22SOSO33),),a colorless, mildly corrosive liquid.a colorless, mildly corrosive liquid.

This liquid may then combine with oxygen inThis liquid may then combine with oxygen inthe air, forming the even more irritatingthe air, forming the even more irritatingand corrosive sulfuric acid (Hand corrosive sulfuric acid (H22SOSO44).).



Other sulfur Other sulfur--containing containing

compoundscompounds Hydrogen sulfide (HHydrogen sulfide (H22S) gasS) gas -- rotten eggs.rotten eggs. MercaptansMercaptans -- skunk spray or decayedskunk spray or decayed

garbage. (Added in trace amounts togarbage. (Added in trace amounts tonatural gas, providing a leaknatural gas, providing a leak--detectingdetectingwarning odor.)warning odor.)

Note: The amount of SONote: The amount of SO22 released from coalreleased from coalfired power plants depends on the sulfurfired power plants depends on the sulfur

content of coal, normally 0.7% to 2% bycontent of coal, normally 0.7% to 2% byweight. High sulfur coal sometimesweight. High sulfur coal sometimescontains as much as 6% sulfur by weight.contains as much as 6% sulfur by weight.In India, sulfur content is quite low.In India, sulfur content is quite low.



Health Effects of Sulfur OxidesHealth Effects of Sulfur Oxides

Sulfur dioxide not only has a bad odor, itSulfur dioxide not only has a bad odor, itcan irritate the respiratory system.can irritate the respiratory system.

Exposure to high concentrations for shortExposure to high concentrations for short

periods of time can constrict the bronchiperiods of time can constrict the bronchiand increase mucous flow, makingand increase mucous flow, makingbreathing difficult.breathing difficult.

Children, the elderly, those with chronicChildren, the elderly, those with chroniclung disease, and asthmatics are especiallylung disease, and asthmatics are especiallysusceptible to these effects.susceptible to these effects.



Sulfur oxides Effects on PlantsSulfur oxides Effects on Plants

Sulfur dioxide easily injures many plant speciesSulfur dioxide easily injures many plant speciesand varieties, both native and cultivated. Some ofand varieties, both native and cultivated. Some ofthe most sensitive plants include variousthe most sensitive plants include variouscommercially valuable pines, legumes, red andcommercially valuable pines, legumes, red and

black oaks, white ash, alfalfa and blackberry. Theblack oaks, white ash, alfalfa and blackberry. Theeffects include:effects include:

Visible injury to the most sensitive plants atVisible injury to the most sensitive plants atexposures as low as 0.12 ppm for 8 hours.exposures as low as 0.12 ppm for 8 hours.

Visible injury to many other plant types ofVisible injury to many other plant types ofintermediate sensitivity at exposures of 0.30 ppmintermediate sensitivity at exposures of 0.30 ppmfor 8 hours.for 8 hours.

Positive benefits from low levels, in a very fewPositive benefits from low levels, in a very fewspecies growing on sulfur deficient soils.species growing on sulfur deficient soils.



Index

Value

PSI

DescriptorGeneral

Health

Effects

Cautionary

Statements

Up to 50 Good None for the

general population.

None required.

50 to 100 Moderate Few or none for

the generalpopulation.

None required.

100 to

200

Unhealthful Mild aggravation of

symptoms amongsusceptible people,

with irritation

symptoms in the

healthy population.

Persons with

existing heart orrespiratory

ailments should

reduce physical

exertion andoutdoor activity.General population

should reduce

vigorous outdoor

activity.

200 to

300

Very

Unhealthful

Significant

aggravation of

symptoms anddecreased exercise

tolerance in

persons with heart

or lung disease;

widespreadsymptoms in the

healthy population.

Elderly and

persons with

existing heart orlung disease

should stay

indoors and reduce

physical activity.

General populationshould avoid

vigorous outdoor

activity.

Over 300 Hazardous Early onset of

certain diseases in

addition tosignificant

aggravation of

symptoms and

Elderly and

persons with

existing diseasesshould stay

indoors and avoid

physical exertion.



WATER POLLUTIONWATER POLLUTION

Water pollutionWater pollution is a large set ofis a large set of

adverse effects uponadverse effects upon

water bodies such as lakes, rivers,water bodies such as lakes, rivers,

oceans, andoceans, and

groundwater caused by humangroundwater caused by human

activities.activities.



THE SOURCES OF WATERTHE SOURCES OF WATER

POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

Throwing trashes in waterThrowing trashes in water

Throwing low batteries inThrowing low batteries in

water,lakes,rivers and etc.water,lakes,rivers and etc.The chemicals from factories that might The chemicals from factories that might flow to riversflow to rivers



NOISE POLLUTIONNOISE POLLUTION

Noise pollutionNoise pollution oror environmental noiseenvironmental noise isisdispleasing human or machine created sounddispleasing human or machine created soundthat disrupts the activity or happiness of humanthat disrupts the activity or happiness of human

or animal life. A common form of noise pollutionor animal life. A common form of noise pollutionis from transportation, principally motor vehicles.is from transportation, principally motor vehicles.The word "noise" comes from the Latin wordThe word "noise" comes from the Latin wordnauseanausea meaning "seasickness", or from ameaning "seasickness", or from a

derivative (perhaps Latinderivative (perhaps Latin noxianoxia) of Latin) of Latin nocenoce = = "I do harm", referring originally to nuisance"I do harm", referring originally to nuisancenoise.noise.



³cause and effect of ³cause and effect of

NOISE POLLUTION´NOISE POLLUTION´ No one on earth can escape the sounds of noiseNo one on earth can escape the sounds of noise-- anan

unwanted, disturbing sound that causes a nuisance in theunwanted, disturbing sound that causes a nuisance in theeye of the beholder.eye of the beholder.

Noise is a disturbance to the human environment that isNoise is a disturbance to the human environment that isescalating at such a high rate that it will become a majorescalating at such a high rate that it will become a major

threat to the quality of human lives.threat to the quality of human lives. There are numerous effects on the human environment dueThere are numerous effects on the human environment due

to the increase in noise pollution. In the following paper,to the increase in noise pollution. In the following paper,the cause and effects of noise pollution will be presented inthe cause and effects of noise pollution will be presented insome detail.some detail.

Major sources of noise can be airplanes at takeoff andMajor sources of noise can be airplanes at takeoff andlanding, and a truck just off the assembly line, yet we seemlanding, and a truck just off the assembly line, yet we seemaccept and enjoy countless other sounds, from hard rockaccept and enjoy countless other sounds, from hard rockmusic to loud Harley Davidson motor cycles.music to loud Harley Davidson motor cycles.

The following areas will be investigated in some detail;The following areas will be investigated in some detail;adolescent education, neuraladolescent education, neural--effects, sleep, hearingeffects, sleep, hearingdamage, occupational environment, transportation, anddamage, occupational environment, transportation, andphysiological effects.physiological effects.



WASTE POLLUTIONWASTE POLLUTION

WasteWaste,, rubbishrubbish,, trashtrash,, garbagegarbage, or, or junkjunk is unwantedis unwantedor undesired material. "Waste" is the general term;or undesired material. "Waste" is the general term;though the other terms are used loosely as synonyms,though the other terms are used loosely as synonyms,they have more specific meanings: rubbish or trash arethey have more specific meanings: rubbish or trash are

mixed household waste and including paper andmixed household waste and including paper andpackaging; food waste or garbage (North America) ispackaging; food waste or garbage (North America) iskitchen and table waste; and junk or scrap is metallic orkitchen and table waste; and junk or scrap is metallic orindustrial material. There are other categories of wasteindustrial material. There are other categories of wasteas well: sewage, ash, manure, and plant materials fromas well: sewage, ash, manure, and plant materials from

garden operations, including grass cuttings, fallengarden operations, including grass cuttings, fallenleaves, and pruned branches.leaves, and pruned branches.



³cause and effect of ³cause and effect of

WASTE POLLUTION´WASTE POLLUTION´

cause, or significantly contribute to ancause, or significantly contribute to anincrease in mortality (death) or anincrease in mortality (death) or anincrease in serious irreversible, orincrease in serious irreversible, or

incapacitating reversible illness; orincapacitating reversible illness; or pose a substantial present or potentialpose a substantial present or potential

hazard to human health or thehazard to human health or the

environment when improperly treated,environment when improperly treated,stored, transported, or disposed of, orstored, transported, or disposed of, orotherwise managed.otherwise managed.



Still DEATH IS THE EFFECT OF ALL POLLUTION

envi pollution

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