envi sci final #2 of 4. slides 3 through 62 cover the 1/13 quiz material. slides 3 through 132 cover...
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![Page 1: Envi Sci Final #2 of 4. SLIDES 3 through 62 cover the 1/13 quiz material. Slides 3 through 132 cover the 2 nd quarter test material](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d435503460f94a1fd9e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Envi Sci Final #2 of 4
![Page 2: Envi Sci Final #2 of 4. SLIDES 3 through 62 cover the 1/13 quiz material. Slides 3 through 132 cover the 2 nd quarter test material](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d435503460f94a1fd9e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• SLIDES 3 through 62 cover the 1/13 quiz material.
• Slides 3 through 132 cover the 2nd quarter test material.
![Page 3: Envi Sci Final #2 of 4. SLIDES 3 through 62 cover the 1/13 quiz material. Slides 3 through 132 cover the 2 nd quarter test material](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d435503460f94a1fd9e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
•What territory did gray wolves historically inhabit?
![Page 4: Envi Sci Final #2 of 4. SLIDES 3 through 62 cover the 1/13 quiz material. Slides 3 through 132 cover the 2 nd quarter test material](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d435503460f94a1fd9e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
•Most of North America except a few southern states, California and Nevada
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•What territory do they presently inhabit?
![Page 6: Envi Sci Final #2 of 4. SLIDES 3 through 62 cover the 1/13 quiz material. Slides 3 through 132 cover the 2 nd quarter test material](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d435503460f94a1fd9e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
•Alaska, Montana, Idaho and Wyoming
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• What are some reasons for introducing wolves into their historic territories?
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• Restores balance to the ecosystem by thinning herds of deer, elk and moose to keep them from overgrazing the land
• Removes the weak and sick animals from the herds
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•What are some reasons not to reintroduce the wolves?
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• There are plenty of wolves in Alaska and Canada, so they are not endangered
• Wolves may kill livestock
• Hunting could suffer
• Too much interaction with humans
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• How has the human population changed since the stone age?
![Page 12: Envi Sci Final #2 of 4. SLIDES 3 through 62 cover the 1/13 quiz material. Slides 3 through 132 cover the 2 nd quarter test material](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d435503460f94a1fd9e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Grew very slowly until 1000BC
• Grew quicker from 1 to 1800 AD
• Began growing exponentially in 1800’s
• Increased 7X since 1880
![Page 13: Envi Sci Final #2 of 4. SLIDES 3 through 62 cover the 1/13 quiz material. Slides 3 through 132 cover the 2 nd quarter test material](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d435503460f94a1fd9e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Why are human population forcasts often inaccurate?
![Page 14: Envi Sci Final #2 of 4. SLIDES 3 through 62 cover the 1/13 quiz material. Slides 3 through 132 cover the 2 nd quarter test material](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d435503460f94a1fd9e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Human behavior often changes very quickly because we are so adaptable
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• Type 1 survivorship has a low fertility rate with people living to be very old
• Type 3 is found in poor countries where there is high fertility, but many children die.
• Why do both type 1 and type 3 survivorship patterns produce the most stable populations?
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• The key is how many children live to reproduce. In type 1 there are few children born, but most of them reproduce
• In type 3 there are many children born but many die before reproducing.
• The old have no effect because they don’t reproduce
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• Why is the replacement level in the human population greater than 2 children per couple?
![Page 18: Envi Sci Final #2 of 4. SLIDES 3 through 62 cover the 1/13 quiz material. Slides 3 through 132 cover the 2 nd quarter test material](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d435503460f94a1fd9e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Because not all of the offspring reproduce.
• Some of them die young.
• Some are infertile.
• Some choose not to reproduce.
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• Why has the US population continued to grow since 1972 when we began reproducing at replacement level?
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•The baby boom echo
• Immigration
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•Why did death rates decline so drastically during the 20th century?
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•Nutrition
•Hygiene improvements
•Vaccines
•Medical advances
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• What is “Fertility rate”?
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• The number of births per woman of childbearing age per 1000 women per year
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•What is the current US population?
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• Around 307 million. The next census is in 2110
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•What is the projected U.S. population for 2050?
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•420 million
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• Why hasn’t our population growth leveled off?
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• The base population fertility rate has dropped to below replacement level. Our present increase is mostly due to immigration and the higher immigrant fertility rate.
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•What is the current world population?
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•About 6.7 Billion people
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•What is the projected world population in 2050?
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Around
9.5 billion
people
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•Can the Earth sustain that many people over the long run?
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• We don’t know. Some scientists are concerned that the Earth can’t continue to sustain the 6.7 billion people who are already here.
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•What are some problems with rapid population growth?
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• Loss of farmland through desertification
• Shortage of food
• Shortage of clean water
• Shortage of fuel
• Shortage of natural resources
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•What is the problem with plastic?
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• It doesn’t degrade quickly
• It strangles wildlife
• Wildlife eats it and it clogs their digestive systems
• Some of it releases toxins into the environment
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•How long does plastic last in the environment?
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•We don’t know. Under the right conditions it can last hundreds of years.
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•Are there substitutes for plastics?
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• Often there are substitutes that are made from natural sources whick biodegrade faster than synthetic plastics.
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•Do we really need all of the plastic packaging we are forced to buy?
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•Absolutely not
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•Does maryland need to pass a law to force recycling?
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•We already have one, but we may need to pass more of them.
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•What happens if counties don’t recycle at least 20% of their solid waste?
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•The state stops them from issuing new building permits.
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•What are 4 ways of disposing of trash?
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•Burying
•Burning
•Composting
•Recycling
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•What is the problem with burying trash?
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•Some trash contains chemicals that can leach into the groundwater and make it undrinkable.
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•What are some problems with landfills?
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• They smell
• They draw truck traffic
• They can poison the groundwater
• They take a lot of land out of production.
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•What are some problems with incinerators?
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• They smell
• They draw truck traffic
• They can poison the air
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•What are some problems with composting and mulch making?
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• If not done correctly it can smell
•Truck traffic
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•What is the best solution to the problem of trash?
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•Produce less of it.
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END OF Jan 13 ENVI SCI QUIZ PREP
CONTINUE TO PREP FOR THE 2ND QUARTER TEST
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•What is a Keystone species?
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Dec 10 Quiz Prep
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• Compare the total fertility rate, life expectancy, and per capita income of countries. Do these three factors seem to be related?
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• Does the predominant religion of a country affect its population growth?
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•What other factors may contribute to a country’s population dynamics?
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• What are the differences between a developed country and a developing country?
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• In sampling tagged fish, what would cause your results to be off from the actual population?
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• In sampling fish, how would sample size and population size affect your results?
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•How would the number of samples affect the results?
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• What concerns should biologists have about a species’ habits before they use this method to approximate population size?
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•Are there other uses of marking or tagging?
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• What are other kinds of populations are marked and released?
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• What kinds of factors affect margin of error?
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• Why would scientists want to know population sizes for various species?
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• What is a watershed?
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• What is the general direction of drainage in Harford County?
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• Where do all streams in the county eventually flow?
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• Where are the remaining areas of large forests and open land for wildlife to hide and breed?
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• What is the importance of large, forested areas and open space to Harford County’s watershed?
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• What effect does development have on the Harford County and Chesapeake Bay watersheds?
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•What effects do public utilities have on Harford County watersheds?
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•What effect do landfills and rubble fills have on the watersheds?
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•Why are builders required to build containment ponds on land they develop?
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• What are some methods that can reduce the negative impact on the Harford County and Chesapeake Bay watersheds
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•What is a population?
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•How have humans affected the deer population?
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•Can human culture affect the environment?
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•How have humans affected the eagle population?
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•Can the environment affect human health?
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•How can we in the USA affect world population?
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•What effect can you personally have on your watershed?
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•How many states drain into the Chesapeake Bay watershed?
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• A keystone species is a species that has a very strong roll in preserving other species in the environment.
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•What is an example of a Keystone Species?
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• The Sea Otter eats the sea urchins that if uncontrolled will destroy the kelp that protects many other species of animals
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•What are 4 main benefits of Biodiversity?
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• Keystone Species• Genetic Diversity• Medical uses of species• Aesthetics
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• If we are in a period of mass extinction, what is different about this mass extinction?
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•Man is causing this mass extinction
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•What types of species are particularly at risk?
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• Species with small populations
• Species in limited areas
• Species that migrate
• Species that need large areas
• Species that Man exploits
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• What are 4 major ways that humans are causing extinctions?
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•Habitat Destruction
• Invasive Species
•Harvesting and hunting
•Pollution
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•What effect does man have on biodiversity?
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• We are decreasing biodiversity by causing extinctions of species that we don’t presently believe are important
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•We think only about 20% of all species are known to us.
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• What is a dichotomous identification key?
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• A guide to help us identify species by asking a series of simple questions
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•How many parts does each stage of a dichotomous identification key consist of?
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•2
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•What does the acronym K.I.S.S. stand for?
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Keep
It
Simple
Stupid
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Why do keys only have 2 parts for each step?
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K.I.S.S
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•How do dichotomous ID keys work?
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• Identification keys work by dividing a group into smaller and smaller sub-groups until there is only one possible individual left.
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•What characteristics can be used to make an ID key work?
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• Any characteristic can be used to make sub groups. Examples would be sex, color, shape, size, hair, or material it is made of.
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•What is a climatogram?
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•A double graph that shows both temperature and precipitation over a period of time
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•How can a climatogram be useful?
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• It can show us where specific species can thrive.
• It can show us small climate changes that are due to Man’s activity
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•Why is always a little cooler at the airport than it is in Baltimore?
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• The blacktop and buildings absorbe and hold more heat than trees and grass
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•How can a heat island cause problems nearby?
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• It can cause small climate changes that affect local weather, such as violent storms
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•Know how to read a climatogram
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