environment management frame work · 2019. 12. 13. · ii title this document is the “environment...

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Government of Karnataka

Watershed Development Department

Environment Management Frame work

Karnataka Watershed Development Project-II (SUJALA-III)

(IDA Credit No.5087-IN)

July, 2016

ii

Title

This document is the “Environment Management Frame Work” for KWDP-II (SUJALA-III) project.

Project objective

The KWDP-II (SUJALA-III) Project is under implementation from 2013-14 and would end by 2018-19

in eleven districts of Karnataka State viz Bidar, Gulbarga, Yadgir, Koppal, Gadag, Davanagere,

Chamarajnagar, Tumkur, Bijapur, Raichur and Chikkamagalur in selected 931 Micro-watersheds

(Batch 4, 5 & 6 of IWMP) covering an area of 446954 ha.

KWDP-II (SUJALA-III) intends to demonstrate more effective watershed management through

greater integration of programs related to rainfed agriculture, innovative and science based

approaches and strengthened institutions and capacities of stake holders at different levels through:

• Characterization of natural resources at cadastral level for resource potential and

conservation;

• Understanding hydrological dynamics vis-a-vis hydrogeology, climatic variability etc.,

and develop tools to measure them;

• Establishing state of the art Digital Library, watershed management portal for the

decision support system;

• Enable and strengthen the local watershed institutions in a participatory bottom up

approach for sustained development;

and incorporate the same into the watershed planning and implementation to address the

needs of rainfed farmers for sustainable natural resource management for ensuring

economic equity.

The project would strengthen the involvement of small and marginal farmers in the existing

extension delivery systems, agricultural schemes and value chains, to increase opportunities to

adopt new technologies. The project would also strengthen the financial convergence between

IWMP and MNREGS and technical convergence through effective integrated watershed planning

incorporating the other developmental schemes. Better convergence is expected to result in more

science-based targeting and higher quality of resource conservation interventions. The adoption of

enhanced systems and new tools should result in measurable incremental investments and

subsequent benefits in watershed development outcomes in the project areas for subsequent up

scaling within the project districts.

Version

This is the first version of the Frame work

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Contents

Sl. No. Particulars Page

No.

1.0 Introduction to Environment Management Frame work (EMF) 1

2.0 Objective of EMF 1

3.0 Project Activities, Impacts and Mitigation Measures 2

4.0 Good Practice Guidance for Watershed Investments 7

5.0 Environmental Supervision and Monitoring 21

5.1 Monitoring of Relevant Environmental Parameters 21

5.2 Environmental Audit 21

5.3 Monitoring Plan 22

6.0 Training programmes 24

6.1 IPM Curriculum - Dept officials 27

6.2 IPM Curriculum - NGO / Farmers 28

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List of tables

Sl.

No. Title

Page

No.

1 EMF Highlighting Project Activities, Impacts, Mitigation Measures

with Responsibilities 2

2 Good Practice Guidance for Enhancing Environmental Sustainability

of Watersheds Investments 8

3 Watershed sub-project Cycle and Environmental Measures 18

4 Monitoring Plan 22

5 Training programs 24

6 Training Topics 26

1

1.0 Introduction to EMF

SUJALA-III aims at generating scientific data based on land resource inventory (LRI),

hydrology, socio-economic survey and DSS leading to better watershed planning. It focuses on

enhancing institutional capacities and thereby largely limiting extent and scope of any adverse

environmental impacts. In order to ensure, that the new project design does not result in adverse

environmental impacts, as well as lead to enhancement of positive environmental impacts, GOK

has prepared a detailed EMF for SUJALA-III.

The baseline assessment provides an overview of the physical geography of the project area, with

special emphasis on watershed development. This environmental baseline has been developed

mainly on the basis of data collected through secondary sources, and has been supplemented by

consultations and field surveys in sample watersheds. Baseline environmental as well as

demographic data is collected by Samaj Vikas Development Support Organisation, Hyderabad

(www.samajvikas.org)

2.0 Objectives of EMF

The project interventions are expected to result in benefits to the rural communities, through

improved groundwater levels, reduced soil erosion and nutrient loss, improved vegetation,

increased fodder availability, increased agricultural production, increased incomes etc. While the

project interventions are expected to result in overall environmental improvements in the project

districts, potential adverse environmental impacts can occur if the schemes are not properly

designed, located, implemented and maintained. In order to ensure that the environmental issues

are systematically identified and addressed during various stages of implementation of subproject

an Environment Management and Monitoring Framework (EMF) has been developed for this

project. The specific objectives of the EMF are as under:

• To provide a systematic approach for identifying various possible environmental impacts

at different stages of the project cycle.

• To identify appropriate mitigation measures for addressing the identified environmental

impacts.

• To devise an institutional arrangement for mainstreaming environmental management in

project implementation processes.

2

3.0 EMF Highlighting Project Activities, Impacts, Mitigation Measures with Responsibilities is given below in Table no. 1

Table : 1. Impacts Mitigation Measures and Responsibilities

ACTIVITIES IMPACTS (POSITIVE and NEGATIVE) ENHANCEMENT/ MITIGATION MEASURES RESPONSIBILITY 1. SUPPORT FOR IMPROVED PROGRAM INTEGRATION IN RAINFED AREAS

• Application of new tools for site-selection

• Local capacity building for integrated WSM

• Development and maintenance of a digital library for integrated landscape approach for WSM planning (soil and water conservation works, land resource inventory, hydrology, land-use and land cover, soils, cadastral base, etc.)

• Integrated sub-watershed assessment and planning, linked to regional plans including land resources, hydro-geology, groundwater mapping, climate change, development constraints and potentials, etc.

• Participatory micro watershed master planning to support program integration and convergence (including integrated land-use, soil and water conservation, water management, soil suitability for agricultural production – cropping systems, livestock, horticulture, etc. – rainfed farming systems, etc.

• Intensive monitoring and documentation at local level

Positive Impacts

• Better optimal and cost-effective planning

• Improved capacity of WDD

• Informed impact assessment

• Improved stakeholder engagement

Enhancement Measures

• After successful piloting of new tools and technologies in the selected micro-watersheds, these should be converged with and adopted in planning of regular non-World Bank funded watershed projects.

• Undertake awareness and training programs for accessing and neutralizing the digital library for all relevant line departments

• Undertake impact assessment studies to quantify economic gains to the beneficiaries which can be attributed to project investments.

WDD Mines and Geology Dept. Central Groundwater Board Agriculture Dept. DWDT MWMG Consultants

Negative Impacts

• Application of new tools and technologies for planning can result in change in land use pattern having limited adverse impacts

• Introduction of horticultural crops and high yielding varieties could increase water demand in the micro-watershed.

Mitigation Measures

• Map and delineate natural resources/ common property resources areas and do not permit change of their land use.

• Collect and integrate hydrological data to select relevant crops suitable for micro-watersheds.

WDD Mines and Geology Dept. Central Groundwater Board Agriculture Dept. DWDT MWMG Consultants

3

ACTIVITIES IMPACTS (POSITIVE and NEGATIVE) ENHANCEMENT/ MITIGATION MEASURES RESPONSIBILITY 2. RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION

• Develop improved integrated landscape management and agricultural intensification

• Developing best practice models for improved hydrogeological assessment and monitoring

• Strengthening agriculture value chains and support

• Strengthening market linkages and horticultural development

• Supporting Climate Smart Agriculture – Adaptation and Mitigation

• Strengthening research management

Positive Impacts

• Improved groundwater management practices

• Improved markets

• Better support price

• Improved agricultural productivity


• Regularly monitor groundwater levels and replicate management practices in other micro-watersheds in the state.

WDD Mines and Geology Dept. Agriculture Dept.

Negative Impacts

• No negative impacts envisaged

3. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING

• Agricultural Intensification and water use information systems

• Training programs to strengthen extension and watershed management, integration with agriculture and broader program convergence

• Infrastructure improvements

• Organizational studies

Positive Impacts

• Reliable databases

• Enhanced management capacity

• Replication of best practices


• Encourage knowledge sharing workshops and exchange programs across line departments to maximize benefits of institutional strengthening.

• Evaluate the impact of actual training delivered and link it with increased institutional working.

WDD Agriculture Dept. Mines and Geology Dept. DWDT Contractors Consultants

Negative Impacts

• There could be minor and temporary impacts as result of infrastructure improvements in terms of waste disposal at construction sites

Mitigation Measures

• Do not allow disposal of construction waste/ muck/ debris in natural habitat such as local wetlands, drainage lines, storm water drains and forest habitats.

WDD Agriculture Dept. Mines and Geology Dept. DWDT Contractors Consultants

4

ACTIVITIES IMPACTS (POSITIVE and NEGATIVE) ENHANCEMENT/ MITIGATION MEASURES RESPONSIBILITY 4. DRYLAND HORTICULTURE

• Rainfed horticulture demonstration

• Rainfed horticulture

Positive Impacts

• Increased production base, biomass production & perennial cover

• Direct economic benefits

• Reduced soil erosion due to increased vegetative cover

• Retention of soil moisture due to vegetative cover


• Higher use of bio-fertilizers (bio-Compost, vermin compost, microbial inoculants, etc.) and bio pesticides will reduce chances of soil contamination and water pollution.

• Live hedge fencing should be encouraged

• Use of farm yard manure or mulching practices should be encouraged

• Valuable plantation crops, medicinal crops and aromatic crops should be encouraged.

• Build awareness among farmers on medicinal crops, bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, etc.

• WDD

• Agriculture Dept.

• Horticulture Dept.

• DWDT

• Farmers/ Beneficiaries

5

ACTIVITIES IMPACTS (POSITIVE and NEGATIVE) ENHANCEMENT/ MITIGATION MEASURES RESPONSIBILITY Negative Impacts

• Fruit crops may compete with food producing crops

• Reduced crop/ horticulture diversity; Mono-cropping in horticulture may cause disease & pest problems and disappearance of species

• Competition for water, nutrient level may increase

• Increase in use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides

•

Mitigation Measures (refer to Good Practice Guidance Manual for mitigation measures on these induced impacts as this will address any incidental/ indirect impacts that may happen due to increased use of agro-chemicals)

• Lesser use of permissible chemical fertilizers/ pesticides reduce chances of soil contamination and water pollution

• Selection of crops with high efficiency in water utilization and high yield will reduce pressure on water use.

• Through water storage ponds supplement water needs of HYV crops

• Development of dry land orchards with fruit crops like mango, sapota, cashew, tamarind, jack, etc.

• Benefits should be maximized by using crop cultivation, between fruit trees for 2-3 years

• Monoculture should be avoided by using other species along with the main species

• Awareness generation among farmers on the ill effects of using the pesticides, fertilizers, etc.

• Skill training for farmers in proper use of pesticides, fertilizers, etc

• Awareness generation for farmers on using bio/organic pesticides/fertilizers.

• Skill training to farmers in preparation and use of bio/organic pesticides/fertilizers.

• WDD



• DWDT


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5. PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION

• Project management and coordination

• Financial management and procurement

• Project M&E

Positive Impacts

• Effective project implementation

• No time and cost overruns

• Prudent use of money

• Transparency


• Undertake studies to estimate cost and time savings due to better project management and coordination.

WDD DWDT Consultants

Negative Impacts

• No negative impacts envisaged

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4.0 Good Practice Guidance for Watersheds Investments

In order to ensure that SUJALA-III investments targeting institutional strengthening and

stakeholder capacity building results in science based watershed management, a good

practice guidance for enhancing environmental sustainability of watershed investments and

watershed sub-project cycle to integrate environmental measures is provided below as part of

this EMF.

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Good Practice Guidance for Enhancing Environmental Sustainability of Watersheds Investments is given below in Table 2.

Table: 2. Good Practice Manual for Sustainability

Activities Impacts (Positive And Negative) Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Responsibility SOIL WATER CONSERVATION

• Erosion control o Contour vegetative

hedges o Gully control measures o Road side erosion

control o Drainage treatment o Stream bank protection

• Village pond and tank construction/ Rehabilitation

• Water harvesting and reuse of rain water o Check dams o Dugout sunken ponds o Recharge pits

Positive Impacts

• Increased groundwater recharge and availability

• Improved irrigation facilities

• Improved drinking water availability

• Possible improvement in groundwater quality

• Reduce soil erosion including soil & nutrient loss

• Increased perenniality of streams

• Reduced runoff

• Reduction in flood occurrence


• Establish a robust groundwater monitoring and management system. Record inflows and withdrawals. Allocate quotas for withdrawals.

• Empower Gram Panchayats/ Community Organizations to stop indiscriminate drilling of bore wells and unscientific withdrawal of groundwater.

• Rules and regulations over sharing and rational use of water to be framed by the stakeholder communities.

• Build capacity of communities to operate and maintain and soil and water conservation structures.

• Ridge to valley (from starting point of stream) treatment is to be adopted to harvest rain water and control soil erosion because velocity of water is reduced from top.

• Maintenance procedures after construction, such as silt removal and vegetative cover for embankments should be by farmers.

• WDD

• Mines and Geology Dept.

• Forest Dept.


• JDA

• EC

• PRIs


• Contractors

9

Activities Impacts (Positive And Negative) Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Responsibility Negative Impacts

• Reduction in water availability at down stream

• Siltation in water harvesting structure

• Pesticides & insecticides pollution in water harvesting structure with consequent effect on water quality

• Check dam failures

• Soil erosion & siltation rates due to construction activities

• Mosquito breeding in village ponds/farm pond

• Water born diseases due to water contamination

• Algal growth and eutrophication due to increased levels of nutrients in surface water bodies

• Stagnation of water in surface streams resulting in change in taste & increase in odour

• Possibility of water logging

Mitigation Measures

• Vegetative measures may be combined with possible cut off drains to prevent rapid overland flow into roadsides

• For side erosions stabilization of side slopes with vegetative cover coupled with retaining walls shall be provided

• Design of gully control structures are to be prepared specific to each work site

• The site for check dams shall be site specific, gully checks for low slope whereas silting basins shall be used for steep slopes

• Stone rip–rap or pitching, wooden piles shall be provided under conditions of high soil erosion.

• Provision should be made to trap transported debris and bed load. Sediment traps should be located at the inlet and easily accessible for cleaning

• Scour protection should be provided at the base of the overflow spillway and a stone pitched channel should be provided to lead the excess water away from the structure

• Village ponds should be lined and stone pitching and turfing on sided should be carried out

• Sediment traps with stone pitching and turfing should be constructed

• Soil conservation measures around the structures (bio-engineering measures).

• Deep wells may not be dug to reduce drawing underground water.

• Surface run-ff should be intercepted at field boundaries and soil accumulation should be behind the barriers

• Grass clumps should be planted all along the boundaries

• Disposal of waste water away from the ponds and proper drainage

• Fish rearing to consume the mosquito eggs.

• WDD

• Mines and Geology Dept.

• Forest Dept.


• JDA

• ECC

• PRIs


• Contractors

10

Activities Impacts (Positive And Negative) Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Responsibility AGRICULTURE & ALLIED ACTIVITIES

• Conservation measures o Vegetative field

boundaries o Reuse of harvested water o Furrow contour

cultivation

• Production measures o Organic farming o Crop demonstration o Rainfed crop

demonstration o On farm fodder and

biomass production o Intensive farming

• Sericulture

• Fishery

Positive Impacts

• Increased fodder production

• Reduced surface run-off and soil and nutrient loss

• Improved crop cultivation practices

• Enhanced soil moisture


• Mixed cropping and flexibility in planting, rotation of crops and bringing the cultivated land under leguminous crop (pea, lentil etc.) should be encouraged as these will maintain soil fertility.

• Promotion of agro–forestry will maintain biological fertility of soil.

• Plantation of fodder species in the uncultivable waste land will supplement fodder.

• Use of waste bio products for packaging

• Demonstrations should be established only where surface stabilization using vegetative barriers are complete

• Plantation/ protection of pest controlling plants (Marigold, etc.)

• Build awareness among farmers on mixed cropping, use of bio-compost, biotic control of pests, etc.

• WDD


• JDA

• EC


11

Activities Impacts (Positive And Negative) Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Responsibility Negative impacts

• Chemical fertilizer, pesticide & insecticide pollution

• Agriculture run-off

• Increased use of water

• Soil fertility depletion due to extensive farming

• Drainage congestion

Mitigation Measures

• Use of bio-compost, organic mulch/ Green Manure and vermin compost and Suitable organic / biotic control of insects and pests will result in lesser use of permissible chemical fertilizers and pesticides

• Selection of low water demanding crops and rain water harvesting, storage of surface water (of streams, nallah, etc.) through water storage ponds will help harvest more water for use in HYV cropping.

• High water consumption crops like sugarcane, cotton, etc., should be discouraged

• Selection of crops should be based on local water budget and traditional practices

• High nutritional value traditional crops should not be totally replaced by high yielding varieties.

• Leveling of crop field and maintenance of terraces/ bund to check water runoff and soil loss

• Genetically manipulated varieties should be avoided

• Integrated management of key pest of mulberry

• Organic manure (sheep manure) application to enhance yield

• WDD


• JDA

• EC


ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

• Livestock Management o Natural & artificial

breeding centers o Animal health care o Stall feeding

construction/ rehabilitation

o Stall feeding of animals o Chaff cutters for fodder

Positive Impacts

• Improved livestock / milk production

• Reduced exploitation of forest areas

• Greater management of fodder resources

• Healthy Livestock

• Improved sanitation


• Farmers training and awareness programs to check the quality of the urea-molasses brick and poisoning.

• Veterinary camps may be sponsored.

• Services should be provided by professionals.

• Use of farm yard manure should be encouraged

• Shelter for animals owned by transhumant.

• Training should be imparted for upgradation of animals, livestock husbandry, health of animals and nutritional standards

• Livestock productivity should be monitored regularly

• WDD

• Animal Husbandry Dept.

• JDA

• EC


12


• Introduction of exotic/ alien species of grasses and fodder crops to meet the demand of fodder that dominate the local species.

• Hybrid animals are more prone to diseases and require intensive care and more provisions for health care.

• Limited breeding facility in case of hybrid animals.

• Loose/ moisturized feeding of urea-molasses brick may lead to poisoning.

• Increased returns from animal husbandry may trigger increase in livestock population result in stress on fodder resources.

• Better breed of livestock require better and more expensive fodder

• Lack of nutritious forage may decline the productivity of improved cattle

• Stress on pre and post natal care

• Post project maintenance of animal health program might be a problem

• Bacterial and parasitic diseases; Increase in tick, lice, etc.

• Need for preservation of vaccines in cryogenic conditions

Mitigation Measures

• Review the existing breeding techniques and identify the successful breeds best suited for improvement. The populations of inferior breeds should be controlled/ eradicated.

• Timely assistance from the Animal Husbandry Department (AHD) for health care provisions.

• Increase stall feeding and reduce grazing on forest covers

• Control feeding of urea-molasses bricks will not result in poisoning.

• Proper packing and storage of treated fodder will not result in poisoning.

• Limited area should be brought under exotic species of grass plantation.

• Animal health practices like storage of vaccines & drugs, insemination centre sets, etc. through veterinary departments shall be adopted

• WDD

• Animal Husbandry Dept.

• JDA

• EC


13

Activities Impacts (Positive And Negative) Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Responsibility FORESTRY

• Afforestation/ Reforestation

• Production component

• Silvipasture

• Vegetative shrub barriers

• Contour trenches

• Pasture land development

Positive Impacts

• Increase in vegetative cover

• Increase in moisture infiltration

• Increase in fodder

• Reduction in soil erosion including soil & nutrient loss

• Reduction in run-off


• Selection of high productive native species over exotic species

• Plantation of mixed broad life species to supplement fodder.

• Equal sharing of resource s among users by rules/ regulations.

• Silvipasture practices should be encouraged in areas where there is a demand for a mixture of fodder and fuel wood and can be adopted in marginal arable lands, private non-arable lands and community wastelands.

• Fodder wastage should be minimized by the use of chaff cutters and constructing feeding stalls

• Training villagers in management of forest fodder

• Establishment of fodder banks and grass godowns

• Enrichment of fodder with cotton seed, oil cakes, cellulosic wastes and commercial feed

• Fodder experts shall be involved

• Inventory for dry fodder to be taken into account in fodder management practices

• Local communities like NGO’s and disadvantaged groups like women should be closely involved in forest protection, raising nurseries, seed treatment and sapling growing activities

• The grass should be cut low when harvested no more than 15 cm above the root stock.

• Grass should not be cut until it has matured and seed drop has occurred.

• Protection of pasture lands from other land uses

• Development and improvement of devices for fodder cutting besides available techniques (chafer cutting)

• Tree vegetation in existing forest areas should be restocked, especially in upper and mid catchment areas for replenishment

• Fuel wood should be obtained from shrub species

• Local shrubs and perennial grasses should be planted as vegetative barriers in the form of contour v-ditches

• WDD

• Forest Dept.

• JDA

• EC


• Consultants

14


• Change in diversity of flora and fauna

• Introduction of exotic species could have adverse impacts

• Increase in vector born diseases

• Increased risk of forest fire, habitat and grazing resources loss

Mitigation Measures

• Tree planting should be done along the contours in either continuous or discontinuous trenches depending on local vegetation, terrain, soil type, land tenure and local requirements. The productivity of government, village common /private land, forest land and waste lands should be increased through afforestation / reforestation.

• Sufficient area should be allowed within the plantation for growing intermediate products like shrubs and grasses. The Absolute tree density shall be followed as per MoEF norms.

• Lower tree densities with a corresponding increase in the proportion of shrub and grass species should be planted to meet the fodder requirements.

• About 500-1000 trees should be planted per hectare, equally spaced along contour.

• Commonly acceptable arrangements in conjunction with improved pasture species should be followed for protection and exploitation.

• The selection of vegetative barriers species should be based on local conditions, soils moisture, etc.

• The barriers should be developed across the slope and along the field boundaries to intercept surface runoff and allow soil to accumulate behind the barriers.

• The barriers should be placed precisely along the contour through proper alignment without loss of land available for cultivation

• The barriers should not be damaged while the intermediate products are harvested

• Bulk planting of fodder should be carried out mainly on common lands.

• Grass planting should be carried out in shallow trenches and ridges.

• Planting areas for fodder should also be developed close to homesteads to reduce time for collection

• WDD

• Forest Dept.

• JDA

• EC


• Consultants

15

Activities Impacts (Positive And Negative) Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Responsibility LIVELIHOODS/ INCOME GENERTING ACTIVITIES

• Diary/ Piggery

• Nursery

• Mushrooms/ Beekeeping

• Integrating fish farming

• Woolen products

• Decorative items/ Wood craft

• Cottage Industries

• Bamboo Products

• NTFP

Positive Impacts

• Increased income levels

• Better usage of natural resources and skills


• Marginal groups should be given priority in the local employment generation.

• Training programs to inculcate technological advancements in production

• Showcasing and publicity for products

• Establishment of marketing networks

• WDD

• JDA

• EC


Negative Impacts

• Conflict among the users over common resources

• Chances of excessive harvest of a particular species/plant parts

• More demand for water for many IGA activities.

• Risk of food poisoning due to use of over grown/decayed/ poisonous mushroom.

• Chances of death of fishes due to diseases.

• Generation of waste from livelihood activities may cause nuisance, sanitation problems and diseases

• Water pollution due to processing of wool for making products.

• Possible occupational health hazards during wool processing.

Mitigation Measures

• Strengthening of village resource management institutions to reduce conflicts among the users over common resources

• Proper disposal of diary and piggery waste

• Proper upkeep of premises to avoid fly and mosquito menace

• Awareness among the users and proper training will help the users in mushroom and fish farming activities.

• Avoid washing pesticide cans of spraying equipment in fish ponds

• Processing of wool washing not be done directly in water sources.

• Use of masks or nose cover (cloth) during wool processing.

• WDD

• JDA

• EC


16

Activities Impacts (Positive And Negative) Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Responsibility CONSTRUCTION/ INFRASTRUCTURE/ OTHER

• Link Roads

• Storage Facilities

• Marketing & Post-harvesting infrastructure

• Social Infrastructure

Positive Impacts

• Improved accessibility to markets

• Improved quality of life

• Greater employment generation


• Keep the infrastructure in good condition

• Use innovative public private people partnerships to build and maintain infrastructure

• JDA

• Contractors

• EC


17


• Removal of vegetation during construction activities

• Soil loss during the construction of structures and quarrying for stone and other materials

• Siltation of water bodies downstream during construction

• Low quality construction may lead to failure and more hazards in downstream

• Destabilization of the land and soil erosion/landslips along the road cuttings

• Maintenance of the structures will require additional responsibilities to the stakeholders.

• Destruction of local flora during road construction and also along the roads.

• Possibility of natural drainage pattern being disrupted

• Additional land requirement/ enhancement in agricultural & forest lands

During the implementation phase of the project, there is a likelihood that the construction activities cause temporary negative environmental impacts, which would need to be addressed. Some of the likely issues are the following:

• During the construction of project components significant earth work may be involved, which may cause erosion of land and cutting of trees.

• Possible damage to places of cultural, heritage and recreational importance.

• Impact on human health and safety due to dust and noise pollution, and inadequate safety measures.

Mitigation Measures

• Use of land not suitable for other productive purposes may be brought under infrastructure activities.

• The safety provisions (Building) convention 1937 (No. 62) to be followed.

• Proper upkeep and maintenance of facilities built.

• Quality of constructions should be ensured to reduce the failure and more hazards in downstream.

• Proper designing and planning for road construction/laying will stabilize the land and reduce soil erosion/landslips.

• Bio-physical measures to rehabilitate disturbed land to check soil erosion.

• All project interventions will be appropriately designed to ensure that they do not impact the forest lands or wet lands. All the physical works should be on public/ Panchayat lands.

• Suitable changes in location/ alignment shall be made in the schemes to avoid cutting of trees and also avoid erosion and ensure soil stabilization. In the absence of an alternate location, permission from the forest department shall be obtained for felling of trees and the department's guidelines on compensatory afforestation will be followed.

In case of some physical works associated with construction and maintenance there might be chance finds of objects of cultural/ archaeological importance. In such cases, the regional offices of the relevant agency (e.g. the Archaeological Survey of India) will be immediately notified.

• JDA

• Contractors

• EC


18

Watershed Sub-project Cycle to Integrate Environmental Measures are listed below as Table 3.

Table : 3. Watershed sub-project Cycle and Environmental Measures

Phase EMF Activity Objectives Process Responsibility Result Preplanning Environmental

Data Sheet To collect basic information on environmental aspects of the proposed sub-project.

The EMF requires that basic environmental data pertaining to the proposed sub-project be compiled at the field data collection stage. For this purpose, a simple Environmental Data Sheet (EDS) has been formulated for sub-projects. The format for the EDS is furnished under annexures. The Executive Committee(EC) fills up the EDS in consultation with the Micro Watershed Management Group (MWMG) and with the facilitation support of the field level NGO Partner duly identifying the environmental issues of concern. If required supplementary notes on environmental concerns be added to the sheet.

AO with EC

EDS prepared and attached to DPR.

Planning Environmental classification of the sub-project

To ensure that sub-projects with potentially significant environmental issues are identified at an early stage for detailed environmental assessment.

Evaluate all the available information on environmental aspects as provided in the Environmental Data Sheet and assess, based on the level of expected environmental and public health impacts, whether the proposed sub-project is either basic or one for which detailed environmental assessment is required. This EA is to be done by the Joint Director of Agriculture (JDA). In extreme cases, where the district level resources are not sufficient for conducting the EA and designing the appropriate mitigation measures, support from the environmental experts of state level

JDA Sub-project classified as basic or one requiring detailed EA.

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Phase EMF Activity Objectives Process Responsibility Result Watershed Development Department (WDD) may be requested.

Planning Environmental appraisal and approval required

To ensure that relevant environmental issues have been identified and appropriate mitigation measures have been designed to address them.

For basic sub-projects, there shall be no separate environmental appraisal but environmental aspects shall be included in the normal appraisal and evaluation process for the proposed project, based on the EDS included in the DPR. All the basic sub-projects need to follow the mitigation measures detailed in the EMF Guidance Manual. For projects requiring a detailed Environmental Assessment, including evaluation of environmental impacts, risk assessment if needed, and design of mitigation measures.

JDA Environmental appraisal of the project is made and approval of proposed sub-project, with decision to (i) accept scheme as submitted, or (ii) accept scheme with modification suggested in the environmental appraisal.

Planning To ensure that mitigation measures and their cost are integrated in scheme design and implementation plans

Sanction for the sub-project will not be accorded without Environmental Clearance from WDD

JDA basic sub-projects. WDD for projects requiring EA.

Technical Sanction for sub-projects with environmental mitigation measures and accordingly its costs are integrated in sub-project design and implementation plans.

Implementation Implementation of Environmental mitigation measures.

To ensure that the prescribed environmental mitigation measures (including construction stage) are implemented.

The prescribed environmental mitigation measures (including construction stage measures) as identified through the environmental appraisal process are adequately implemented. Implementation Completion Report (ICR) for sub-project will need to include an Environmental Compliance Certificate given by the MWMG indicating that the mitigation measures identified in the

EC ICR with environmental compliance information.

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Phase EMF Activity Objectives Process Responsibility Result appraisal (including construction stage) have been implemented.

O&M Environmental supervision, monitoring, and evaluation IEC and capacity building on environmental issues.

To ensure that environmental aspects are integrated in the O&M phase.

Monitoring of indictors will be conducted as per project monitoring protocol. Internal supervision will be conducted for 20% of the sub-projects completed once in a year. Environmental Audit through external agency will be conducted twice during the project period (mid-term and end-term) by selecting about 10% of sub-projects completed Capacity building and IEC activities are undertaken to enable effective implementation of the EMF including assessment procedures, supervision, monitoring, etc. as well as for community awareness and sensitization.

WDD with JDA WDD with External Consultants

Monitoring reports. Periodic environmental supervision, monitoring and audit reports. Training and IEC activity reports.

21

5.0 Environmental Supervision and Monitoring

The EMF requires detailed supervision, monitoring and evaluation of the impact of the

project on the environment. In order to carry out this, WDD has specific arrangements made

in the Project Management Support Cell of the WDD at state level. This includes

appointment of an Environmental Consultant for the project period. Further the WDD

instructed the District and Field level implementing units on how to implement the provisions

of this EMF. At the field level the local officers have the required sectoral skills, such as

groundwater, soil, agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, etc. to implement the EMF.

The Joint Director of Agriculture at the District level will be in charge of implementing the

EMF at district level. At the Taluk level the Agricultural Officer will be responsible for

implementing the EMF at the field level. The JDA and AO will guide and oversee the

implementation of the EMF at field level. This overall guidance will be given by the

Environmental Consultant. The Environmental Consultant will oversee the application of

these provisions and guide the process, while at the same time building the capacity of the

field units.

The following provisions include the arrangements made for the effective implementation of

the EMF:

5.1 Monitoring of Relevant Environmental Parameters

A sample of 10% of the completed schemes will be visited at yearly intervals by the JDA to

check if all safeguard requirements are met and to identify any issues that need to be

addressed. The WDD will prepare a report of the environmental situation in the project

districts including data and analysis of relevant parameters such as rainfall, depth to water

levels, status of groundwater basins, soil erosion, etc., as well as a listing of relevant new

legislation and regulations that have a bearing on the environmental performance of the

project.. Internal environmental monitoring will be done as part of the regular monitoring by

the WDD. The EMF will be suitably revised on the basis of this document by the WDD.

5.2 Environmental Audit

Twice during the project period; mid-term and end-term; the WDD will appoint an agency to

audit the environmental performance of the project. 5% of the completed sub-projects will be

covered in the audit.

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5.3 Monitoring Plan

Monitoring Project Components

Given in the table below are indicators for project investments to be taken up by Karnataka

Watershed Development Department.

Table 4: Monitoring Plan

Project Components Monitoring Indicators Frequency Agency Component 1: Support for Improved Program Integration in Rain fed Areas 1.1 Development and maintenance of a digital library for Integrated Landscape Approach for WSM planning 1.2 Integrated sub-watershed assessment and planning 1.3. Integrated micro-watershed master planning with IWMP 1.4. Community-based monitoring and documentation

• Establishment of Library

• Agencies Referring to Library

• Persons Using Library

• No. of watersheds using integrated planning approach

• No. of micro-watershed master plans prepared

• No. of watersheds monitoring by communities

• Quarterly • WDD

• JDA

Component 2: Research, Development and Innovation 2.1. Studies to support integrated landscape management and agricultural intensification 2.2. Developing best practice models for improved hydrological assessment and monitoring 2.3. Technology transfer 2.4. Component management

• No. of studies conducted

• No. of best practices documented

• No. of new technologies transferred up to micro-watershed level

• Annual • WDD

• JDA

Component 3: Institutional Strengthening. 3.1 Agricultural intensification and water use information systems 3.2 Training and capacity building 3.3 Infrastructure improvements

• No. of persons/ agencies using information systems

• No. of training programs conducted

• No. of personnel trained

• Increase/decrease in water yield in the downstream sources and duration of water discharge

• Increase/decrease in number of link paths

• Increase/decrease productive land use for infrastructure

• Increase/decrease in nutrition and education levels.

• Adherence to contract conditions and standards

• Absence of inconvenience, nuisance and complaints


• JDA

23

Project Components Monitoring Indicators Frequency Agency Component 4: Horticulture

• Rainfed horticulture demonstration

• Rainfed horticulture

• Increase in production of fruits and other plants products.

• Quality of production (taste, odour, color, perishability etc.)

• Increase in economic benefits per unit land

• Reduction in damage of crops against diseases, drought, etc.

• Increase in the use of non chemical applications e.g., bio pesticides, green manure, etc.

• Annually • WDD

• JDA


Component 5. Project management and coordination

• No. of sub-projects completed without time and cost overruns

• Adherence to project guidelines

• No. of best practices in project management


24

6.0 Training programmes

Table 5: Training programs

Sl.

No.

Topic No. of

Participa

nts

To Whom Level /

Program

me

Duratio

n

1 Environment Management Frame work

20 Key officials, District Resource Persons, Joint Director of Agriculture

State 20

1 day

2 Environmental Management

• Substitutes for use of plastics

• IPM for reducing the

chemical pesticides

• Organic Farming • Construction debris disposal • Adopting climate resilient

Agriculture

20 NGOs, Taluk level Resource Persons

District 55

1 day

3 Environmental Awareness and Monitoring

• Substitutes for use of plastics

• IPM for reducing the

chemical pesticides

• Organic Farming • Construction debris disposal • Adopting climate resilient

Agriculture

10 Officials of Land based dept., NGOs, local resource persons

Taluk 100

1 day

4 Quality Construction Practices for Artisans

40 Masons, skilled labour, etc., and workforce

Hobli 100

1 day

25

I. Training on Environmental Management Framework:

Purpose of the training:

� To equip with knowledge and skills necessary for undertaking environmental appraisal

as per the requirements of the EMF � To prepare for undertaking periodic supervision of environmental performance of

schemes

� To prepare for implementing Community Based System for Environmental Monitoring

Participants: Key officials, District Resource Persons, Joint Director of Agriculture.

Schedule: The training will include an initial orientation workshop, a main and annual

refresher training workshops on environmental assessment. The main and refresher training

programs will be for duration of 1 day each, including initial orientation. 20 Training

programs will be conducted.

2. Training on Environmental Management

Participants: NGOs, Taluk level Resource Persons

Schedule: The training will include an initial orientation workshop, a main and annual

refresher training workshops on environmental assessment. The main and refresher training

programs will be for duration of 1 day each, including initial orientation workshop. In each

district 5 programs will be conducted.

3. Environmental Awareness and Monitoring

Purpose of the training:

• To build awareness on soil and water conservation, environmental management, monitoring

and reporting.

Participants: Officials of Land based dept., NGOs, local resource persons.

Schedule: The training will involve one day workshops at the taluk level. There will also be

one day refresher workshops organized annually. Total T3 training programs will be about

100 for the project duration.

4. Quality Construction Practices for Artisans

Purpose: • To equip with knowledge and skills for quality construction and maintenance of structures

(including aspects of environmental conservation, human health and safety, etc.)

Participants: Masons, skilled labour, etc., and workforce involved in the project.

Schedule: The training will involve one day workshops at the taluk level. There will also be one day refresher workshops organized annually. In each district 5 main programs in the first year and 3 refresher programs per year during subsequent

26

years will be conducted. Including the main and refresher programs, the total T4 training programs will be about 120 for the project duration. The number of suggested training programs is presented in table below:

Table 6: Training Topics

Sl. No. Topics Number of Trainings

1 T1 - Environmental Management Framework 20

2 T2 - Environmental Management 55

3 T3 - Environmental Awareness and Sensitization 100

4 T4 - Quality Construction Practices for Artisans 100

Total 275

27

6.1 IPM Curriculum (Dept. Officers)

Beneficial Organisms: Birds, Honey bee, pollinators, termites, wasps, spiders, dung rollers,

predators, parasites, pathogens of pests.

Pest of Field Crops: Identification, nature and extent of damage, seasonal abundance and

management of insect and mite pests and vectors of cereals and millets. Polyphagous pests:

grasshoppers, locusts, termites, white grubs, hairy caterpillars and non-insect pests (mites,

birds, rodents, snails, slugs, etc). Insect pests of pulses, tobacco, oilseeds and sugarcane.

Pest of Horticulture and Plantation Crops: Fruit Crops-mango, guava, banana, jack,

papaya, pomegranate, grapes, citrus, pineapple, vegetable crops-tomato, potato, radish, carrot,

beetroot, cole crops, French beans, chow-chow, brinjal, okra, all gourds, gherkin, drumstick,

leafy vegetables etc. Ornamental, medicinal and aromatic plants and pests in polyhouses /

protected cultivation.

Insect Ecology: Characterisation of distribution of insects - Insect Plant Interactions.

Types of associations. Role of insects in the environment. Herbivory, pollination,

predation, parasitism. Biodiversity and Conservation.

Insect Behaviour: Defining Behaviour, behaviour in IPM- Concept of super normal

stimuli and behavioural manipulation as potential tool in pest management, auditory

stimuli and visual signals in pest management.

Biological control: History, Principles and scope of biological control; parasitoids,

predators and pathogens. Biology, adaptation, host seeking behaviour of predatory and

parasitic groups of insects.

Host plant resistance: Insects-host plant relationships. Basis of resistance, Induced

resistance. Factors affecting plant resistance successful examples of resistant crop varieties in

India.

Integrated Pest Management: Economic threshold concept, and economic consideration.

Tools of pest management and their integration-legislative, cultural, biological, physical and

mechanical methods; pest survey and surveillance. IPM prescriptions for major crops and

pests.

28

6.2 IPM Curriculum (NGO / Farmers)

Beneficial Organisms: Birds, Bats, Honey bee, pollinators, termites, wasps, spiders, dung

rollers, predators, parasites, pathogens of pests.

Pest of Crops: Identification, distribution, host-range, nature and extent of damage, pests of

cereals and millets and Fruit Crops-mango, guava, banana, jack, papaya, pomegranate,

grapes, citrus, pineapple, vegetable crops-tomato, potato, radish, carrot, beetroot, cole crops,

French beans, chow-chow, brinjal, okra, all gourds, gherkin, drumstick, leafy vegetables etc.

Ornamental, medicinal and aromatic plants and pests in polyhouses / protected cultivation.

Polyphagous pests: grasshoppers, locusts, termites, white grubs, hairy caterpillars and non-

insect pests (mites, birds, rodents, snails, slugs, etc). Insect pests of pulses, tobacco, oilseeds

and their management. Insect pests of fibre crops, forages, sugarcane and their management.

Integrated Pest Management: Economic threshold concept and economic consideration.

IPM Prescriptions for major crops and pests.

Activities: Preparation of Trichoderma seed treatment, Neem seed kernel extract and

Bordaux spray solution.

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