environment management in the oil-rich albertine graben
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ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT IN THE
OIL/GAS RICH ALBERTINE GRABEN(AG)
Presentation to journalist at the Africa Center forMedia Excellence (ACME)
22nd August, 2012
ByDr Tom .O. Okurut
Executive Director, NEMA
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OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION
Background: env mgt and the AG
Legal and institutional frameworks
Technical preparednesso Issues and concerns
Required Actions & Interventions
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Environment Mgt in UgandaNEMA was mandated by the Uganda constitution (NEA Cap
153) in 1995 to; coordinate, supervise, monitor and regulate all
matters of the environment in Uganda.
Essentially to regulate the interaction between people and the
environment. This process in Uganda is decentralized, thus the
need for coordination and supervision of stakeholders
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Background to the Albertine Graben (AG)
The AG (Arua-Kanungu) is the most important eco
region in Africa as it hosts the continent's most
endemic vertebrate species i.e.;
14% of all African reptiles
19% of all African amphibians
35% of African butterflies
52% of all African birds 39% of all African mammals
70% of all Ugandan Protected areas are in theGraben
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3N
1N
EA4B LAKES EDWARD-GEORGE BASIN
Size 2,021sq.km
Licensed to Dominion Petroleum Ltd on 27th
July 2007
EA4A LAKES EDWARD-GEORGE BASIN
Size 3,812sq.km
Not Licensed
EA3A SEMLIKI BASIN
Size 1,991sq.km
First licensed to Heritage Oil and Gas Ltd as
part of EA3 on 15th January 1997
Re-licensed to Heritage Oil and Gas Ltd and
Energy Africa (now Tullow Oil) on 8 th Sept 2004.
EA2 LAKE ALBERT BASIN
Size 4,675 sq.km
Licensed to Hardman Resources Ltd and
Enegy Africa Ltd (now Tullow Oil) on 8 th
October 2001.
EA1 PAKWACH BASIN
Size 4,285 sq.kmLicensed to Heritage Oil and Gas Ltd and
Energy Africa (now Tullow Oil) 0n 1st July 2004
EA5 RHINO CAMP BASIN
Size 6,040sq.km
Licensed to Neptune Petroleum (U) Ltd ( Now
Tower Resources) on 27th Sept 2005
EA3B SEMLIKI BASIN
Size 1,786 sq.km
Includes Turaco Prospect Area
Not licensed
East Madi Wildlife Reserve
Kabwoya Wildlife Reserve
Semuliki National Park
Rwenzori Mountains National Park
Kibale National Park
Murchison Falls National Park
Queen Elizabeth NP
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Some of the tourist attractions
(vertebrates) in the AG
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INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE
MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OFOIL & GAS
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The Framework
The current framework for management of oil & gasresource is under a programme called: Strengtheningthe management of oil & gas in Uganda.
The Framework has 3 pillars: Resource management (PEPD),
Revenue Management (MFPED, BOU & URA)
Environment Management (NEMA)
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Environmental Management PillarThe objective of the Environment Management
pillar is:
To contribute towards ensuring that oil/gas activities
are undertaken in a sustainable manner bystrengthening the capacity of the other stakeholdersand overseeing the activities of other players in thepetroleum industry in accordance with Ugandasenvironmental policies.
NEMA remains the coordinator of the Pillar by virtue ofits legal mandate as the principal agency forenvironmental management in Uganda
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Environmental Management Pillar Institutions
Other partner institutions include: Uganda Wildlife Authority
Directorate of Water Resources Management
National Forestry Authority
Directorate of Environmental Affairs Directorate of Physical Planning and Land use
The Department of Fisheries Resources
Districts in the Albertine Graben
These institutions work with other relevantinstitutions and organisations
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INSTITUTIONAL AND TECHNICAL PREPAREDNESS FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE GRABEN
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Preparatory Studies & Tools in Place
1. Environmental Sensitivity Atlas for AlbertineGraben
The sensitivity atlas was prepared to show theenvironmental sensitivity of the Albertine Graben.
Issues assessed included biological resources, waterresources, cultural sites, forests, wetlands, soils,
settlements
The information in the sensitivity atlas is the firstbaseline study undertaken for the Graben & forms thebasis for monitoring.
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Environmental Sensitivity Atlas cont.
The sensitivity of biodiversity can be
categorized in terms of endemism and
threatened species, or on species
richness, among other categories
The sensitivity atlas identified the
following sensitivities:
Sensitivity of Mammals to vibrationsfrom seismic survey, movement of
heavy equipment & the drilling activity
Sensitivity of fisheries resources to highfrequency noise from petroleumdevelopment activities; oil spills, &
pollution from hydrocarbon compounds
and chemicals from mud cuttings.
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Sensitivity atlas cont
Sensitivity of plants due to clearingof sites thereby causingdisturbance of vegetation; oil spillsand pollution.
Sensitivity of wetlands due toexposure to potential threats ofexcessive water abstraction,degradation of water catchmentsand wetland conversions.
Sensitivity of water resources(surface & groundwater) effectson quantity and quality e.g. thedelta region (richest in diversity withhighest oil prospects)
Sensitivity of soils soil is prone toerosion due to improper land covermanagement & the erosive factor ofrainfall
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Sensitivity atlas cont
Map shows overallbiodiversity sensitivity,based on animal & plantspecies richness &conservation status.
The delta region, MountRwenzori and Bwindi arethe most sensitive areas;followed by Murchisonfalls, Queen Elizabeth andthe Kibale national Parks.
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Preparatory Studies & Tools in Place
2. Environmental Monitoring Plan for the Graben, 2012Purpose of the Monitoring Plan
This is a monitoring tool developed to be used for continuousmonitoring of changes in the environment of the Graben against
sensitivities identified in the atlas. It is a tool to be used by all the institutions highlighted earlier.
The Plan is expected to:
Improve performance of lead agencies.
Improve compliance levels.
Enhance institutional collaboration.
Encourage stakeholder participation in compliance monitoring.
Enhance national capacity to assess, predict and mitigate likelyeffects of Oil and Gas activities on environment.
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Environmental Monitoring Plan cont
The Monitoring Plan is structured along 5 thematic
areas:
a)Aquatic ecological issues
b)Terrestrial ecological issues
c)Physical/chemical issues
d)Society issues
e)Management and business issues
For each of these themes, specific institutions arecharged with the responsibility of undertaking the
monitoring & reporting
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Environmental Monitoring Plan cont
The following have been undertaken to date: Data gaps in the sensitivity atlas have been identified for
each of the themes & data filling initiated for thebaseline.
Monitoring indicators for each theme have been
developed, prioritized & tested. Monitoring manuals have been developed & are ready
for use.
Capacity needs assessment study was done for each ofthe institutions & both technical & resource (equipment &
finances) needs were identified. A capacity development plan is being put in place
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Environmental Compliance and
Enforcement Activities As required by the
National Environment ActCap 153, all ongoing oil &gas exploration activitieshave been subjected toEnvironmental Impact
Assessment and approvalgranted by NEMA;
Multi-sectoral monitoringteam (executive, technical& field-based) was put inplace to carry out quarterly
monitoring & hasrepresentation from: NEMA, UWA,PEPD, NFA,
DWRM, FD, DEA, DOSH
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Compliance & Enforcement activities cont
NEMA -
opened a temporal field Office in the Albertine Graben in
January 2010 with one staff;
recruited 2 temporary staff to specifically handle oil & gasactivities, to be based in the field;
has proposed to establish a regional office in Hoima to
effectively manage oil and gas issues to cover the entire
Graben
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Compliance and Enforcement Activities Cont
A strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is being
carried out for the Albertine Graben, to be completed by
December 2012
Objective of SEA is to ensure that environmental issues are
broadly considered & integrated into major decisions
connected to policy, plans & programs associated with the
oil & gas sector at the earliest stage.
A framework for compliance monitoring & enforcement has
been developed & is due for piloting
An oil spill contingency plan is being developed, to be ready
by December 2012
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LEGAL PREPAREDNESS
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1. Operational Waste Management
Guidelines for Oil & Gas Operational Waste Management Guidelines have been
issued to guide on most appropriate waste disposal methods- June 2012.
The Guidelines are framed on the need to:
Consider environmental and economic costs & benefits Minimize waste spillage.
Respond to waste characteristics determined to date.
Meet the current world practices for managing exploration& production of oil waste
Monitor any impact to ground water at any of theconsolidation sites
Apply current National Environment (Waste Management)Regulations
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2. Review of the existing legislation
The review and/or update of the following legislation has been initiated,to be completed by March 2013:
National Environment (EIA) Regulations, Statutory Instrument No.153-1
National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, Statutory
Instrument No. 153-2 National Environment (Standards for Discharge of Effluent into
Water or on Land) Regulations, Statutory Instrument No. 153-3
National Environment (Audit) Regulations, Statutory InstrumentNo. 12 of 2006
National Environment (Noise Standard and Control) Regulations,Statutory Instrument No. 30 of 2003, to incorporate vibration
pollution
National Air Quality standards (NAQS)
draft Oil Spills Regulations and Guidelines
National Environmental Act Cap. 153
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Legal Framework Preparedness cont
NEMA made comments to strengthen environmental
issues in the draft Petroleum (Exploration,
Development & Production) Bill, 2012
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PROGRESS MADE BY OTHER ENVIRONMENT
PILLAR INSTITUTIONS
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STATE OF INSTITUTIONAL PREPAREDNESS BY THE KEY LEAD AGENCIES
(PEPD, UWA, DFR, DWRM,NFA and MLHUD)
A draft General Management Plan for Queen ElizabethNational Park has been prepared incorporating oil & gas
issues;
A draft General Management Plan for Murchison Falls
National Park is being prepared; A forest Management Plan for Maramagambo Central
Forest Reserve has been finalized;
Fisheries frame surveys on Lake Albert & Albert Nile to
establish fisheries baseline have been carried out
Physical Planning in areas facing intense pressure from oil
and gas has been initiated
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ISSUES AND CONCERNS
Funding to NEMA - GOU (Vote 150) has been reducingannually - 2011/12 2012/13
NEMA prepared a specific budget of UGX 4 billion foroil/gas management but it was not factored in the current
budget; and hence, no budget for oil & gas activitieslisted above
Funding to the partner institutions for oil & gasenvironment activities was also not factored in the budget
Low technical capacity within NEMA and Lead Agencies;
Inadequate integration of oil and gas issues into the currentpolicies & legislation
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REQUIRED ACTIONS & INTERVENTIONS
Media should take keen interest in the petroleum sector. Aknowledgeable media is critical in forming a critical massthat is needed to influence policy, legislation and fundingfor the relevant sectors.
Media whenever possible should invest indeed in trainingmedia to report accurately on the sector and to keep thepublic fully informed accurately.
The media should pick interest in reporting environmentand science generally. Every Ugandan lives off theenvironment in one way or the other (land, air, water etc). Itis critical that the masses are educated through media onthe matter.
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THE END
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