environment quality and led lighting

Indoor Environment Quality, indoor lighting and Standards

Dr K M SoniChief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

Environmental Quality

• Environmental Quality– Outdoor environmental quality– Indoor environmental quality

• Good Environmental quality• Bad Environmental quality

Good Environmental Quality

• Improves Health and wellbeing• Improves occupational Safety• Reduces stress and Leads to Happiness• Improves Liveability and life expectancy• Improves efficiency and performance at work

placeIMPROVES QUALITY OF LIFE

Bad Environmental Quality

Outdoor Air Quality

• Topography (terrain), such as mountains and valleys;

• Weather, such as wind, temperature, air turbulence, air pressure, rainfall and cloud cover; and

• Physical and chemical properties of pollutants.

Pollutants

• Carbon monoxide.• Lead.• Nitrogen dioxide.• Ozone.• Particles.• Sulphur dioxide.• Mercury

AND THEN MOST OF SUCH POLLUTANTS COME FROM COAL/SMOKE/THERMAL POWER PLANTS

• Contributors to Air pollution;– Smoke, and Dust

• So, we have to curtail or stop burning of coal, gas and thus emission of carbon

The Indian Express; April 23, 2016• India signs historic Paris climate agreement along with over

170 nations• The nations are now closer to begin cutting down greenhouse gas

emissions to combat global warming• The deal set a high aspirational goal to limit warming below 20C and

strive to keep temperatures at 1.5 degree C above pre-industrial levels – a far more ambitious target than expected, and a key demand of vulnerable countries.

• It incorporates commitments from 187 countries to reduce emissions, which on their own would only hold warming to between 2.70C and 30C.

• The deal sets the goal of a carbon-neutral world sometime after 2050 but before 2100.

Indoor air quality

• A function of external air quality, External temperature and Atmospheric conditions

• To make internal conditions comfortable, one needs energy.

• So we need green & clean energy and conserve energy through energy efficient measures

Reduction of carbon footprint

• Government, Public and manufacturers/industries are to come together in this endeavour.

• Government– Reduction of dependence on coal based energy– Adoption of clean energy/energy based on non

conventional energy sources– Manufacturing and encourage use of energy efficient

lightings, controls and equipment – Going for green construction


• Public• Reduction of dependence on coal based

energy by installing individual systems• Use of energy efficient lightings, controls

and equipment • Going for green construction


• Manufacturers/industry• Reduction of dependence on coal based

energy by installing individual systems based on renewable resources

• Production of most energy efficient lightings, controls and equipments

• Production of safe, economic and durable energy efficient lighting, controls, building materials and equipments

• SO WE HAVE TO FOLLOW THE STRATEGY OF;– CONSERVE ENERGY– LOOK FOR ATERNATE SOURCES OF ENERGY– USE OF ENERGY EFFICIENT FITTINGS AND

EQUIPMENTS– ENSURE SAFETY – MAKE THE STANDARDS– DEVELOP TESTING FACILITIES

Conserve Energy

• Energy efficient lighting such as LED lights• Energy efficient equipment• Energy efficient domestic and industrial

products• Energy efficient building materials• Reduce waste

Stop Indoor Air Pollutants

• carbon monoxide (CO)• Radon• Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)• Smoke• Second hand smoke• lead particles• asbestos• Mold/fungi

Government initiatives• Production of solar energy and wind energy. By 2022,

India is targeting to double the production of wind energy and 15 fold increase in solar energy production over April 2016 base. Target is to produce 100 GW from solar power, 60 GW from wind power, 10 GW from bio power and 5 GW from small hydro power.

• Government has already started to take action on the same. The government intends to achieve 40% cumulative electric power capacity from non fossil fuel sources by 2030.

Installed Grid Interactive Renewable Power Capacity in India as of July 31, 2016

Source Total Installed Capacity (MW) 2022 target (MW)

Wind Power 27,441.15 60,000.00

Solar Power 8,062.00 100,000.00

Biomass Power(Biomass & Gasification and Bagasse Cogeneration)

4,860.83*10,000.00

Waste-to-Power 115.08

Small Hydro Power 4,304.27 5,000.00

Total 44,783.33 175,000.00

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste-to-energy

CPWD Initiatives

• CPWD all over the country has started installation of solar power plants on rooftop of all existing government buildings

• In Mumbai, rooftop solar power plants in 3 old buildings have been installed generating about 140kWp solar power.

LED lighting

• A green and sustainable alternative• First patent was made by Texas Instruments

in 1961• In 1962, GE found first LED use in HP

calculator displays• In 2009, LEDs were parts of TVs, cars, phones

and computers

Initial Applications

• Traffic lights• Exit signs• Automotive lights• Portable appliances• Cell phones• Signage• Displays• Video screens

But now LEDs are everywhere

Benefits of LED lights

• Long life (more than 40000 hrs)• Highly efficient (40+ lumen/watt) and Low power

consumption • Low maintenance• No UV emission• No radiated heat from light• Unaffected by cold temperature/vibrations• Fast response• Environmental friendly

Life Span (Average)

LEDs Incandescent Light Bulbs

Compact Fluorescents

(CFLs)

> 40,000 hours

@1,200 hours @8,000 hours

Awareness generation required

Watts of electricity used (equivalent to 60 watt

bulb).

LEDs use less power (watts) per unit of light

generated (lumens). LEDs help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from power plants and lower electric

bills



(CFLs)

6 - 8 watts 60 watts 13-15 watts

Mostly bulbs are not being used now and as such incandescent Bulbs are the products of past now

Kilo-watts of Electricity used

(30 Incandescent Bulbs per year equivalent)



(CFLs)

329 KWh/yr. 3285 KWh/yr. 767 KWh/yr.

Awareness required

Output LEDs Incandescent Light Bulbs

Compact Fluorescents (CFLs)

Lumens Watts Watts Watts

450 4-5 40 9-13

800 6-8 60 13-15

1,100 9-13 75 18-25

1,600 16-20 100 23-30

2,600 25-28 150 30-55

Then let us look beyond lumen, i.e. comfort

Contains the TOXIC

Mercury



(CFLs)

No No

Yes - Mercury is very toxic to

your health and the

environment

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

(30 bulbs per year)

Lower energy consumption

decreases: CO2 emissions, sulphur oxide, and high-level

nuclear waste.



(CFLs)

451 pounds/year

4500 pounds/year

1051 pounds/year

Cost savings

• Energy cost (Lamp costs)• Power consumption (Lifetime cost)– Thermal– Ambient temperature– Humidity– Ventilation– Control techniques– Electrical derive

• Labour output • Payback period

Sensitivity to low

temperatures



(CFLs)

None Some

Yes - may not work under negative 10 degrees

Fahrenheit or over 120 degrees

Fahrenheit

Sensitive to humidity



(CFLs)

No Some Yes

On/off Cycling Switching a CFL on/off quickly, in a closet for instance, may decrease the lifespan of the

bulb.

LEDsIncandescent Light Bulbs


(CFLs)

No Effect SomeYes - can reduce

lifespan drastically

Turns on instantly

LEDsIncandescent Light Bulbs


(CFLs)

Yes Yes No - takes time to warm up

Durability



(CFLs)

Very Durable - LEDs can

handle jarring and bumping

Not Very Durable - glass or

filament can break easily

Not Very Durable - glass

can break easily

Then look for quality particularly Driver in Indian conditions

Heat Emitted



(CFLs)

3.4 btu's/hour 85 btu's/hour 30 btu's/hour

Government initiatives

• New construction as Green Buildings• Existing buildings by replacing light fittings

with energy efficient fittings• Providing subsidy to individual private users

CPWD Initiatives

• Has adopted criterion to construct minimum 3 star GRIHA rated buildings

• CPWD has issued specifications in 2015 for LED lightings

• Has gone for replacement of existing fittings with energy efficient fittings either through CAPEX mode or ESCO mode.

Important criteria to adopt LED lightings

• Design the lighting system for comfortable and adequate illumination, glare, control, safety, efficiency, uniformity, durability, automatic control and versatility for comfort and output

• Testing the lighting system• Ensure safety of lighting system• Aesthetic design• Ensure quality of lighting assembly• Come out with economic LED lightings• Formulation of standards in the country timely with

revisions frequently considering technological advances

Thank you

(References taken in the presentation from greenglobepower.in/led_lighting)

environment quality and led lighting

Engineering