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Environmental Justice and REDD Impacts for indigenous populations in Latin America Blake Jordan World Forestry April 20, 2010

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Page 1: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

Environmental Justice and REDD

Impacts for indigenous populations in Latin America

Blake Jordan World Forestry April 20, 2010

Page 2: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

Outline• Research question and relevance.• What is REDD?• What is environmental justice?• How does environmental justice relate to REDD?

• Why study Latin America?• Impacts of REDD on indigenous populations in Latin America: Pros and Cons

• What can be done to ensure REDD policy protects the rights of indigenous groups?

• Conclusions

Page 3: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

Research QuestionWhat are the potential implications of REDD climate change policy for indigenous populations in Latin America?

RelevanceREDD programs will need to be more inclusive of the land use rights that indigenous people have to local resources in order to be successful.

Page 4: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

What is REDD?

• Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries.

• Deforestation accounts for 20% of GHG emissions

• Created to establish a viable market for carbon storage in forests

Page 5: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

What is environmental justice?

• Environmental racism– Inequitable distribution of environmental burdens faced by groups due to their race, ethnicity, gender, or socioeconomic status.

• Environmental justice– Movements to overcome these injustices by ensuring that both environmental burdens and benefits are distributed equally across populations.

Page 6: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

How does environmental justice relate to REDD?

• Many indigenous groups rely on forests for timber to cook their food and heat their homes. 

• These groups often live a subsistence lifestyle, hunting and gathering products from nearby forests.

• With local forests tied up in REDD policy, these groups may be unable to glean and harvest the materials that they need to survive.

Page 7: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

Why study Latin America?

Map: United Nations, 2004

Page 8: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

Map: Conservation International, 2007

Indigenous populationsin Latin America

• “Biodiversity Hotspot”

• Over 100 different ethnic groups

• Developing countries

• High deforestation rates

• Opportunities and obstacles for REDD

Page 9: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

Impacts of REDD on indigenous populations in Latin America: Pros1. Developing activities: example of Lachuá

Map: United Nations

Page 10: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

Impacts of REDD on indigenous populations in Latin America: Pros

2. Forest management

Page 11: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

Impacts of REDD on indigenous populations in Latin America: Cons

1. Forest needs

Page 12: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

Impacts of REDD on indigenous populations in Latin America: Cons

2. Land tenure issues

Page 13: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

Impacts of REDD on indigenous populations in Latin America: Cons

3. Land ethic and 

traditional land use

4. Political issues

5. Scale issues

Page 14: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

What can be done to ensure REDD policy protects the rights of indigenous groups?From Peskett et. al., 2008:1. Provision of information

2. Provision of upfront finance

3. Soft enforcement and risk reduction measures

4. Prioritize ‘pro‐indigenous’ REDD policies

5. Provide technical assistance

6. Strengthen local institutions and improve access

7. Maintain flexibility in REDD design

8. Clear definition and equitable allocation

Page 15: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

Peskett et. al., continued

9. Development of social standards10. Balance rigor and simplicity11. Ensure broad participation12. Improve equity of benefit distribution13. Avoid perverse effects of limited direct benefits14. Ensure accountability and transparency15. Alignment with international and national 

development strategies16. Ensure longevity17. Use broad definitions

Page 16: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

Conclusions

Research Question: What are the potential implications of REDD climate change policy for indigenous populations in Latin America?

• REDD will impact indigenous populations– Impacts do not have to be negative

• REDD presents a unique opportunity to jointly address social rights and sustainable development

• Must ensure that all stakeholders are benefiting from REDD

• Must strengthen capacities of indigenous people in the region

Page 17: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

For more information…My class project website:www4.ncsu.edu/~bmjorda2/world_forestry

Sources:Anderson, N. (2009). REDDy or not? The Effects on Indigenous Peoples in Brazil of a Global Mechanism 

for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation. Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(3), 18‐28.

Lang, C., & Accra Caucus on Forests and Climate Change. (2008). Indigenous Peoples, Local Communities and NGOs Outraged at the Removal of Rights from UNFCCC Decision on REDD.  Press Release, December 9, 2008.

Lawlor, D., and Huberman, D. (2009). Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) and human rights. Rights‐based approaches: Exploring issues and opportunities for conservation, 269–286. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR and IUCN.

Okereke, C., & Dooley, K. (2010). Principles of justice in proposals and policy approaches to avoided deforestation: Towards a post‐Kyoto climate agreement. Global Environmental Change, 20(1), 82‐95.

Peskett, L. et. al. (2008). Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI.

Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium and Arturo Santos (IUCN).

Page 18: Environmental and REDD - projects.ncsu.edu€¦ · Making REDD work for the poor: A Poverty Environment Partnership Report. IUCN & ODI. Special thanks to the ISTF Spring Symposium

Questions?

Groups arguing for the Anti‐REDD side (if you couldn’t tell).