environmental assessment of closing flows and vegetables...

PLUVISOST.CTM2010-17365 www.sostenipra.cat.

LCA

Environmental assessment

of closing flows and

vegetables production: from

urban waste and with Roof

Top Greenhouse

Tolousse, June 2013

Roberto Quirós, Gara Villalba, Pere Muñoz, Xavier Font, Xavier Gabarrell, Joan Rieradevall

http://www.sostenipra.cat/

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=compost&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=y-zmxmvChrPBWM&tbnid=_SldQyPgKR-rlM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.topisima.com/1866/como-hacer-compost-para-abonar-plantas-incluso-en-departamentos/compost&ei=QXxgUYvQKsfY0QWA74DIBw&bvm=bv.44770516,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNHE7VjSBJ91pSM9wYlR0VO1uAF_Vw&ust=1365364091787487

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=coliflor&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=EPeovQ_6Rc3zfM&tbnid=En6vJP1lIcJg_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.eliminar-celulitis.com/dieta-de-coliflor-anticelulitis.html&ei=hDiiUeKCCcOR0AWAnIFg&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNH0ClZpeEpFX197tWI7hWtqoMfXnQ&ust=1369672189156838


LCA

Demonstration: from 2v

(vegetables to vegetables)

environmental assessment

Tolousse, June 2013

Roberto Quirós, Gara Villalba, Pere Muñoz, Xavier Font, Xavier Gabarrell, Joan Rieradevall


http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=compost&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=y-zmxmvChrPBWM&tbnid=_SldQyPgKR-rlM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.topisima.com/1866/como-hacer-compost-para-abonar-plantas-incluso-en-departamentos/compost&ei=QXxgUYvQKsfY0QWA74DIBw&bvm=bv.44770516,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNHE7VjSBJ91pSM9wYlR0VO1uAF_Vw&ust=1365364091787487

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=coliflor&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=EPeovQ_6Rc3zfM&tbnid=En6vJP1lIcJg_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.eliminar-celulitis.com/dieta-de-coliflor-anticelulitis.html&ei=hDiiUeKCCcOR0AWAnIFg&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNH0ClZpeEpFX197tWI7hWtqoMfXnQ&ust=1369672189156838


1.Introduction

2.Methodology

3.Results

4.Conclusions

Index

Tolousse, June 2013

Landfill

Transport


http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=landill&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=b73O2M5ZUlQ8aM&tbnid=NeIo6fTPDIjkTM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.perrys-recycling.co.uk/page/why_recycle_save_money_save_the_environment_become_legally_compliant/52&ei=0yKiUdM0w7jRBenXgYgO&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNGu9plmjF96Pp701aH0flyhFOsB0A&ust=1369666560555914

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=flechas+curvas&source=images&cd=&docid=N0szUXG5RqYyBM&tbnid=kpszF_6apBj6DM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.floridasatelite.com/iso15189.php&ei=1COiUfvMCaez0QWJmoCwDA&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNH6ozOet778htN-4qfoKWi3Zr-YwA&ust=1369666884930635

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=camiones+de+basura&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=67REKYJaXcVxAM&tbnid=6h2ynenhqD0YXM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://devocionalescristianos.org/2010/08/reflexion-cuidate-de-los-camiones-de-basura.html&ei=yyaiUebzNczy0gXjiYGADA&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNGRbfIBoLQJwVF7rYM8wEONIQaVrA&ust=1369667366741125


MSW generation for 2010 was 252 million tonnes in EU-27 (Eurostat,

2012).

Estimated organic content in MSW of 30-40%

Mineral fertilizers consumption was 18 million tonnes for 2010 (Eurostat,

2012)

Potential quality compost in EU is aprox. 35-40 million tonnes (131,000

tonnes N available).

Compost with good quality can be used as mineral fertilizer substitute.

INTRODUCTION

Tolousse, June 2013



RESEARCH OBJETIVE

The aim of this study is to demonstrate that closing the organic

matter cycle from vegetables to vegetables is better than landfilling.

This research assess the environmental and agricultural performance

of three fertilization treatments: industrial compost (IC), home

compost (HC), and mineral fertilizers (MF)

These compost were applied on open field cauliflower crops.

HOME COMPOST (HC) INDUSTRIAL COMPOST (HC) MINERAL FERTILIZER (MF)

Tolousse, June 2013



MATERIALS AND METHODS

IC1 IC2 IC3

HC1 HC2 HC3

M1 M2 M3

Experimental Design

Three blocks with three replicates

with about 150 m2 each

Horticultural Crop

Cauliflower

Brassica oleracea L. var.

botrytis

Soil

Typic Xerothent

Tolousse, June 2013

Location

Experimental Field Santa Susana, Barcelona

41°38′27′′N, 2°43′00′′E,

Period

Plantation: October 2011

Harvesting: February 2012

Period of cultivation:

122 days

Weather

Average temperature: 12 °C

Evapotranspiration: 955 mm

Rainfall: 618 mm

(values for the cultivation

period)

Atypical

weather

conditons

Mediterranean

weather

Atypical

weather

conditons


http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=mapa+de+catalunya&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=QL49fDQHAwhLzM&tbnid=IM7ugQ8fCu7KvM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.escapadasfindesemana.net/escapadas-por-espana-cataluna/&ei=FS9gUfGwKeXb0QWi-4CABg&bvm=bv.44770516,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNE0KYhq6NvR_8IrdkyWT0R-axdqZA&ust=1365344367758949

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=mapa+de+espa%C3%B1a+por+comunidades+autonomas&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=GyLazKoOFH9-nM&tbnid=wVczU4JMrbvc8M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://tercercicloelcolmenar.blogspot.com/2012_01_01_archive.html&ei=hi9gUcrDE6bX0QWx3YGwDA&bvm=bv.44770516,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNHJyXVZlANgDq8FGkv1H_xjjDVN1Q&ust=1365344456697618


COMPOST APPLIED

Properties Units IC1

HC2

References

Moisture %, wb 17 50 30-40a

Organic matter %, db n.a3

75 ≥ 35a

pH (extract 1:5 w:v) - n.a 8.97 6.5-8b

Electrical conductivity mS · cm-1

(extract 1:5 w:v) 2.47 1.72 ≤6b

N-Kjeldhal %, db n.a 1.66 ≥2b

Dinamic respiration index mg O2 · g-1 OM h-1

0.89 0.43 1.0c

Salmonella (presence / absence in 25 g) n.a Absence Absencea

Escherichia coli (CUF / g) n.a <10 <10a

Heavy metals contenta

Spanish legislation

Metals Units IC HC Class A Class B Class C

Zn mg · kg-1

186 194 200 500 1,000

Cu mg · kg-1

51 50 70 300 400

Ni mg · kg-1

19 9 25 90 100

Cr mg · kg-1

13 13 70 250 300

Pb mg · kg-1

35 26 45 150 200

Cd mg · kg-1

0.3 0.2 0.7 2 3

Compost Class A

The compost

applied were

suitable to be

used as mineral

fertilizer

substitute

Compost stable:

DRI < 1 mg O2·g-1 ·OM· h-1

(European Comission for

Biowaste Management

2008)

COMPOST QUALITY

Tolousse, June 2013 aSpanish legislation: Royal Decree 824/2005



LCA METHODOLOGY

• Aim: assess the environmental and agricultural

performance of three fertilization treatments: IC,

HC, MF, applied in open field cauliflower

• Goal: compare the yield, quality and

environmental impacts of three fertilization

treatments.

• Functional unit (FU): total tons per hectare of

horticultural crops of cauliflower.

• CML 2001 methodology was used for impact

assessment.

• Seven categories were studied: ADP, AP, EP,

GWP, OLDP, POP and CED.

Tolousse, June 2013

ISO 14044

1

2

3

4

ADP: Abiotic Depletion Potential; AP: Acidification Potential; EP:

Eutrophication Potential; GWP: Global Warming Potential; OLDP: Ozone Layer

Depletion Potential; POP: Photochemical Oxidation and CED: Cumulative

Energy Demand


http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=life+cycle+assessment&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=A8rjdMc28OzWZM&tbnid=Yu_pBHO21_EurM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment&ei=FEhdUYDqGdOa1AWA-YCIDA&bvm=bv.44770516,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNEE-k76Bl29BEvnw1oWEaSvtrUh7Q&ust=1365153991708548


LCA: SYSTEM BOUNDARIES

HC

IC

MF

Collection Production Transport Application

Tolousse, June 2013

Experimental emissions

of: NH3, CH4, N2O and

VOC´s

NH3: Ammonia

CH4: Methane

N2O: Nitrous oxide

VOC’s: Volatile organic compounds


http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=camiones+de+transporte+de+carga&source=images&cd=&docid=tXgwVVoe-gUkNM&tbnid=6inl8zhkHuAoXM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.actiweb.es/urgentes/servicio.html&ei=509gUdeIGYHL0QXTnICIBw&bvm=bv.44770516,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNH_rX0nEvwOkeTQ032NRnSYqRdDpQ&ust=1365352781800864

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=fabricas+de+fertilizantes&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=6_RDmNMKJodc4M&tbnid=2ECetPfxJz-XOM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.anffe.com/miembros/todos/index.html&ei=SVBgUcrvNeia0AXc2YCgBg&bvm=bv.44770516,d.ZWU&psig=AFQjCNHkZ7AlxZr8gO-aET7ASOuyhd0bEg&ust=1365352859315751

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=EXTRACCION+DE+MATERIAS+PRIMAS&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=WuYUkbvTVlyi-M&tbnid=NRHD-v9iUuZabM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.kz.all.biz/es/extraccion-de-materia-prima-mineral-s14610&ei=lFBgUYihJcKS0QWSwYGgBw&bvm=bv.44770516,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNGPbtXsHzgRB6Ed91RShVOUAwn2GQ&ust=1365352969681282


RESULTS

Quality

parameter

Units Industrial

compost

Home

compost

Mineral

fertilizer

Yield tonnes · m-2 4.5 6.8 8.6

Diameter cm 13 16.5 15.9

Dry weight kg 1.13 1.37 1.34

Highest values

Tolousse, June 2013


http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=empaques+de+coliflor&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=jrwec73Qqd2FwM&tbnid=ZdUsMtqvWgbITM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://hectacol.blogspot.com/2011/02/empaque-requerido-para-la-venta-de-la.html&ei=uVmjUdjPBOrE0QWqxIHYCA&bvm=bv.47008514,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNFKwqN05cpiR14uNIqG7HtvjgVGjw&ust=1369746227298969

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=coliflor&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=EPeovQ_6Rc3zfM&tbnid=En6vJP1lIcJg_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.eliminar-celulitis.com/dieta-de-coliflor-anticelulitis.html&ei=NVqjUZz7Hu-Z0QWigoEY&bvm=bv.47008514,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNFe73_kU5jDT0hJ99wOJ5_O5zmuVw&ust=1369746271102391


RESULTS

ADP AP EP GWP OLD POP CED ADP AP EP GWP OLD POP CED ADP AP EP GWP OLD POP CED

Cultivation management

Cultivation fertirrigation

Compost transport

Compost process

Collection organic waste

Mineral fertiliser transport

Mineral fertiliser production

INDUSTRIAL COMPOST HOME COMPOST MINERAL FERTILISERStages

• AP and EP: emissions of

the composting process

(NH3)

• Remainder categories: fuel

consumed in waste

collecting and compost

transportation

• ADP, AP, EP, OLP, CED:

secondary pipes (LDPE),

harvesting post-emissions .

• GWP and POP: emissions

of the compost process

(N2O and COV’s)

• All categories: secondary

pipes (LDPE), collection

crates, transport of mineral

fertilizers and nursery

IMPACT CONTRIBUTION PER STAGE

Tolousse, June 2013

MAIN CONTRIBUTORS



RESULTS

Total Impacts WITHOUT avoided burdens

Impactos totales CON cargas evitadas

Home compost shows

the best environmental

perfomance with the

lowest impacts in all

categories assessed

except in AP and EP.

a. Abiotic Depletion Potential b. Acidification Potential

c. Eutrophication Potential d. Global Warming Potential

d. Ozone Layer Depletion Potential e. Photochemical Oxidation

0.0E+00

2.0E+00

4.0E+00

6.0E+00

8.0E+00

1.0E+01

IC HC MF

kg S

b e

q

0.0E+00

2.0E+00

4.0E+00

6.0E+00

8.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.2E+01

1.4E+01

IC HC MF

kg S

O2

eq

-4.0E+00

-3.0E+00

-2.0E+00

-1.0E+00

0.0E+00

1.0E+00

2.0E+00

3.0E+00

4.0E+00

IC HC MFkg P

O4 e

q

-4.0E+02

-2.0E+02

0.0E+00

2.0E+02

4.0E+02

6.0E+02

8.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.2E+03

IC HC MF

kg C

O2

eq

0.0E+00

2.0E-05

4.0E-05

6.0E-05

8.0E-05

1.0E-04

1.2E-04

1.4E-04

1.6E-04

IC HC MF

kg C

FC

-11

eq

-5.0E-01

0.0E+00

5.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.5E+00

2.0E+00

2.5E+00

3.0E+00

3.5E+00

IC HC MF

kg C

2H

4eq

Total Impacts WITH avoided burdens

ENVIROMENTAL

IMPACT PER

FERTILIZATION

TREATMENT AND

CATEGORY

IC: Industrial compost

HC: Home compost

MF: Mineral fertilizer

Tolousse, June 2013



Results

• Fertilization treatment made with mineral fertilizer showed the higher yield

but Home Compost was the best in some quality parameters such as:

diameter and weight of fruit.

• Fertilization treatment made with Home Compost showed the best

environmental performance in all categories assessed expect in AP and

EP.

• Industrial compost was affected mainly by the collection of the organic

fraction and by the compost transportation from the facility to the crops

area.

• A good quality compost represents a sustainable alternative to treat the

organic waste from MSW, mainly because it can be used as substitute of

mineral fertilizers and it decreases the waste dumped in landfills (EU

Directive 1999/31/EC).

Tolousse, June 2013



CONCLUSION

Tolousse, June 2013

Waste

Vegetables Vegetables

Compost

To

2V IS A SUSTAINABLE USE OF ORGANIC MATTER FRACTION FROM HOUSEHOLD

Production and

application of

compost in crops

is a sustainable

way to treat the

organic matter

from MSW.

Good quality

compost can be

used as

substitute of

mineral fertilizer

and also to avoid

the dumping of

organic matter to

landfill.


http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=residuos+organicos&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=nL4nMgIp28NjZM&tbnid=UD0-bFCDZchaGM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.oaxacadiaadia.com/?p=28017&ei=P7SOUf3WC4_M9AT0uIGgBQ&bvm=bv.46340616,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNFIW6O-2bJ_l7MCalBnpApA6Ow6oQ&ust=1368393131412403

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=home+composting&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=KTkgnOgvH_r_cM&tbnid=6YBujeA4_eWb0M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.heynwaste.co.uk/GardenKitchenRecycling.aspx&ei=4LaOUdjNNJCG8QTelYGgCQ&psig=AFQjCNFyoT-zmN4yvFdWlKC1tTAKpulipg&ust=1368393648487134

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=persona+comiendo+coliflor&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=xm5hR8-Bt8_eZM&tbnid=En6vJP1lIcJg_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://mocacity.blogspot.com/2011/04/por-tu-salud-propiedades-curativas-de_27.html&ei=I9ydUfqnM4Wo0QX--4HQCw&bvm=bv.46865395,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNGW3XWmiusl-BgzPMntHh-Mkzs2WQ&ust=1369386381001793

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=sustainable+development&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=XW_PCeThJEtTzM&tbnid=2zR1agGNHj-w7M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.therightplanet.com/2012/08/the-fascism-of-sustainable-development/&ei=G-CdUbTkC-Ob0QXRpoCICA&bvm=bv.46865395,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNH57vvUakaxA1nBJ1lJ7ybUdsJACA&ust=1369387403860440


Thank you for your attention

Tolousse, June 2013


environmental assessment of closing flows and vegetables...

Documents