environmental assessment summary report mime provincial...

E687Volume 22

Royal Kingdom of CambodiaNation Religion King

Cambodia Provincial and Peri-UrbanWater and Sanitation Project

Environmental Assessment Summary ReportMIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

A 16 Ministry of Industry, Mining and EnergyDepartment of Potable Water Supply

Phnom Penh, February 2003 (Draft)

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Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIMEIPPWSAIWB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1-1

1.1 GENERAL ..................................................... 1-11.2 APPLIED METHODOLOGY ..................................................... 1-11.3 CONTENTS OF THE REPORT ..................................................... 1-2

2 EA IMPLEMENTATION ..................................................... 2-1

2.1 GENERAL ..................................................... 2-12.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ..................................................... 2-12.3 DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ............... ...................................... 2-2

3 DESCRIPTION OF SUB-PROJECTS ............................... 3-1

3.1 GENERAL ............................... 3-13.2 PROPOSED PROJECTS ............................... 3-33.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ............................... 3-3

4 MAIN FINDINGS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ......................... ................ 4-1

4.1 SIZE OF THE SUB-PROJECTS ..................................................... 4-14.2 MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ..................................................... 4-1

5 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ..................................................... 5-1

5.1 GENERAL ..................................................... 5-15.2 CONSULTATIONS WITH THE PROSPECTIVE USERS ............................................... ...... 5-15.3 WILLINGNESS-TO CONNECT (WTC) ..................................................... 5-2

6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................... 6-1

6.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 6-16.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN ..................................................... 6-16.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ..................................................... 6-1

7 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSABILITIES AND CAPACITY .................................................. 7-1

7.1 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ....................... ................................................ 7-17.2 COMPLIANCE MONITORING ..................................................... 7-27.3 IMPLEMENTING CAPACITY ..................................................... 7-3

8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ..................................................... 8-1

9 MAIN REFERENCES AND BACKGROUND DOCUMENTATION ..................................... 9-1

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Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIME/PPWSAIWB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1.1 - Applied EA Process ............................................................ 1-2Figure 3.1 - Location map of current sub-project .......................................................... 3-1Figure 3.2 - Geological provinces ............................................................ 3-4

LIST OF TABLESTable 3.1 - Summary of sub-project locations ............................................................ 3-2Table 3.2 - Main Topographical Features & Soil Types ................................................. 3-4Table 3.3 - General climate conditions in Cambodia ..................................................... 3-5Table 3.4 - Summary of Water Quality sampling ........................................................... 3-7Table 3.5 - Population within Service Area ............................................................ 3-8Table 4.1 - Size of the service area versus Total Project costs .................................... 4-1Table 5.1 - Summary of Willingness to Connect ........................................................... 5-3Table 6.1 - Environmental Mitigation Plan ............................................................ 6-2Table 6.2 - Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................................................ 6-3Table 7.1 -Responsibilities for ESF Implementation and Compliance Monitoring ......... 7-1

LIST OF ANNEXESAnnex A - EA Preparers ............................................................. IAnnex B - Cambodian Environmental Regulations ......................................................... IVAnnex C - Applied Drinking Water Quality Standards .................................................... VIIAnnex D - World Bank EA Requirements and Guidelines ................................................ XAnnex E - WTC Process documentation ............................................................ XIAnnex F - Basic data of PHRD Towns ............................................................ XIIIAnnex G - Main data of Proposed Projects for PHRD Towns ................. ...................... XVAnnex H - Water quality sampling results PHRD Towns (GHD/FT, 2002) ................... XXIAnnex I - Summary of Environmental Conditions PHRD Towns ................................. XXVAnnex J - Summary of Social acceptability ............................................................ XXXI

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ADP Average Daily ProductionBOD Biochemical Oxygen DemandCOD Chemical Oxygen DemandCPPUWSSP Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ProjectDBL Design/Build/LeaseDD Detailed DesignDPWS Department of Potable Water SupplyDPWT Department of Public Works and Transport (Municipality)EA Environmental AssessmentEEA Environmental Examination ApplicationEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentEMiP Environmental Mitigations Plan (part of an EMP)EMoP Environmental Monitoring Plan (part of an EMP)EMP Environmental Management PlanESF Environmental Safeguard FrameworkFIRR Financial Internal Rate of ReturnFS Feasibility StudyFT Fraser Tomas (Engineering Consultants)GHD Gutteridge, Haskins & Davey (Engineering Consultants)IEIA Initial Environmental Impact AssessmentIP Indigenous PeopleJICA Japan International Cooperation AgencyLCPSS Low Cost Pilot Sewerage SystemLpcd Liters per capita per dayMg/l Milligrams per literMIME Ministry of Industry, Mines, and EnergyMoA Ministry of AgricultureMoE Ministry of EnvironmentMPP Municipality of Phnom PenhMWRM Ministry of Water Resources and MeteorologyMPWT Ministry of Public Works and TransportNGO Non Governmental OrganizationPCD Pollution Control Department (Ministry of Environment)PG Provincial GovemmentPMU Project Management UnitPO Project OwnerPPWSA Phnom Penh Water Supply AuthorityRGC Royal Government of CambodiaToR Terms of ReferenceTSS Total Suspended SolidsWB World BankWHO World Health OrganizationWSS Water Supply and SanitationWTC Willingness to Connect

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Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIME/PPWSANWB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

GeneralThe 'Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation' project is beingimplemented by the Department of Potable Water Supply (DPWS) of the Ministry ofIndustry, Mining and Energy (MIME), and the Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority(PPWSA), Kingdom of Cambodia. The MIME component aims at financing water supplyand sanitation projects targeting provincial towns and district towns that express demandfor improved services and low-income communities in urban centers.

The purpose of the present Environmental Assessment Summary Report is to identifypossible environmental and social impacts arising from the proposed construction anddevelopment of piped water supply system for the participating towns of the First Batchof the CPPUWSS project and to incorporate preventive and mitigation measures toensure that residual environmental impacts are acceptable and are within the applicablelimitation standards prescribed by the Ministry of Environment and the World Bank.

The EA was carried out by a technical team, comprising of representatives of nationaland local Governments, engineers and environment specialists. Multiple consultationswith the staff of MIME, Provincial Government, Commune chiefs, and the localbeneficiaries were conducted in order to solicit their comments, reactions and finallyseek their proper approval and endorsement of the proposed project.

Taking into account the size of the projects and the observed environmental impacts, thepreparation of an Environmental Assessment Summary Report is consideredappropriate to cover all the project towns with less then 2000 connection. Most of theimpacts are identical per town, and responsibilities for implementing mitigation measuresrests with the same institution (i.e. Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy MIME).Moreover, the preparation of an EA Summary report will eliminate the preparation ofmultiple identical documents, using the limited resources in MIME more efficiently andeffectively.

Project descriptionThe projects will provide piped water supply to 19 service areas in Provincial townsranging from around 350 to 3,850 families. The water source for all of the towns isgroundwater. The system is designed for supply to 90 percent of the houses within theservice area at a consumption of 100 I/cd at year seven. The necessary infrastructuregenerally consists of:

* Groundwater abstraction via deep bores.* The establishment of a treatment plant.* Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the system.* Distribution network along the main roads;* A single metered connection provided to each house;* Construction of alternative sanitation facilities appropriate for the local conditions

if considered necessary.

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Environmental Mitigation PlanPhase Mitigation measures Responsibility SchedulePre- * Lack of control of water source: Acquire land MIME, World Bank Prior to DBLconstruction directly around the facilities (or secure a Contracts

possible purchase);* Reduction in flow: Locate the well in an area

where other water users are not affected.* Disturbance of land use and economic

activities: Usage of public areas; Provision forproper compensation.

Construction * Disturbance of land use due to Operator, with Continuousdrilling/construction: Minimize impacts, supervision of duringRestore damages. MIME consultant construction

* Loss of natural vegetation: Replanting of phase.affected areas.

* Disturbance of stream channels, aquaticplant and animal habitats: Erosion andsedimentation control.

* Soil and water contamination (e.g. spilling ofoil products and other construction materials):Control (collection, disposal) of waste water.

* Hindrance (noise, air pollution, traffic, etc)due to drilling/construction activities: Minimizehindrance; Usage of main roads whenpossible.

* Soil erosion and compaction: Proper runoffand erosion control measures; Heavy trafficrestrictions.

* Safety hazards: Proper safety and warningmeasures; Provision of temporarycrossings/bridges; Public informationcampaign.

Operation * Public health hazards due to increase of Operator, with To bewastewater: Support the construction of supervision of determinedproper on-site sanitary facilities (if lacking); MIME during feasibilityimprove storm drainage system for sullage; study.

* Contamination of the groundwater: Acquireand fence a protection zone directly aroundthe well; Regulate potential polluting activitiesin recharge zone; Monitor water level andgroundwater abstraction.

* Lowered groundwater table: Space wells atlarger distances; Avoid over-abstraction andconsequent lowering of groundwater table;Calculate safe yield (abstraction);Assure/proof that other water users are notaffected.

* Increase of noise: Usage of eleclricalsubmersible pumps; Construction of pumpinghouse.

Abandoning * Water availability: keep traditional water -phase sources available.

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Cambodia Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIME/PPWSAIWB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

Environmental Monitoring PlanPhase Monitoring activities Responsibility ImplementationPre- * Land acquisition: Check if the MIME, World Bank Prior to DBL Contractconstruction required land has been acquired

properly, or that a proper "Deed ofSale/Donation" has been prepared.

* Resettlement and Compensation: Ifapplicable, check if properarrangements are made anddocumented.

Construction . Hindrance to local population: Noise, Operator, with Continuous, throughair pollution (odor, TSP, fume supervision of MIME regular constructionemissions), land damage, traffic. consultant supervision.

* EMP compliance of the contractors:Erosion control, vegetationprotection, soil and watercontamination.

* Safety precautions of contractors:Conform professional standards.

* Sanitary control: Proper constructionof on-site facilities; Properconstruction of sullage drainagesystem.

Operation * Quality of distributed water: conform Operator, with Regular, according toofficial standard procedures supervision of MIME professional standards.(microbiology, standard parameters,Arsenic, heavy metals);

* Groundwater resources: water level(2 X per month (after pumpingrecovery period); operation of pumps(abstraction).

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Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIME/PPWSA/WB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

Implementation and Monitoring arrangementsThe responsibilities for implementation and monitoring of the Environmental SafeguardFramework (ESF) are summarized in the table below. The PM/DWPS has the overallresponsibility for the proper implementation of the Environmental Safeguard Framework(ESF), i.e. project implementation and compliance monitoring. Consultants will beengaged to provide assistance during project preparation, and for supervising designand construction of the systems.

The daily supervision of the construction and operation of the MIME sub-projects will becarried out by the Provincial Project Management Units (PMU). PMU staff will report tothe PMO.

Responsibilities for ESF Implementation and Compliance MonitoringAgency Principal project linkages Compliance MonitoringMIME/PPWSA PMOs Main linkage to MoE and WB-EASUR Implements compliance monitoring

agreements.Prepares compliance monitoring reportsfor MoE and WB.

Provincial PMUs Report to MIME PMO.Ministry of Implements compliance monitoringEnvironment (MoE) procedures: e.g. review of compliance

monitoring reports and field inspections.

WB Operations Provides 'No-Objection Letters' to Implements compliance monitoringDepartment MIME/PPWSA for sub-project procedures: e.g. review of compliance(EASUR) implementation, after clearance from monitoring reports and field inspections.

EASESWB Environmental Provides Environmental Clearances for Implements compliance monitonngDepartment (EASES) (sub)-projects to EASUR procedures: e.g. review of compliance


Supervision Support PMOs and PMUs. Supervises work of DBL contractors.Consultants Support PMO/PMUs to prepare

monitoring reports.DBL Contractors Report directly to MIME-PMO Implement EA requirements.

Prepare compliance monitoring reportsand submit to MIME.

The water supply system operator and the PG, with the assistance of PMO/consultants,will monitor compliance with the operating permit and carry out the requisite datacollection during both the construction and operational phases. Monitoring reports to besubmitted to the MoE and the PMO will include:

* Presentation of the collected data;* Discussion on the compliance/non-compliance to the EMP and operating permit;* Conclusions and recommendations.

The PMO is requested to summarize the finding of the quarterly monitoring reports andsubmit an annual compliance report to the World Bank.

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 General

The 'Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation' project(CPPUWSSP) is being implemented by the Department of Potable Water Supply(DPWS) of the Ministry of Industry, Mining and Energy (MIME), and the Phnom PenhWater Supply Authority (PPWSA), Kingdom of Cambodia.

The MIME component aims at financing water supply and sanitation projects targetingprovincial towns and district towns that express demand for improved services and low-income communities in urban centers. It finances investments that (i) respond to whatconsumers want and are willing to pay, (ii) facilitate and develop private sectorparticipation in financing, operating and maintaining constructed facilities, whiledesigning specific instruments that ensure inclusion of low income communities residingin the service areas.

It is the responsibility of the borrower (i.e. the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC)through MIME and the Provincial Governments) to minimize adverse environmentalimpacts and to include proper mitigation measures, and to conduct an EnvironmentalAssessment (EA), both required within the Cambodian regulations and the World Bankguidelines. Environmentally sound practices have to be incorporated into the projectdesign, and possible negative impacts will have to be mitigated to acceptable levels.

1.2 Applied Methodology2

GeneralThe EA has been prepared in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry ofEnvironment (MoE, see also section Annex B), combined with World Bank guidelines onEnvironmental Assessment (Annex D). Environmentally sound practices have beenincorporated in the project planning and design, and possible negative impacts havebeen identified to be mitigated to acceptable levels.

For new water supply systems 2 2,000 connections, a concise EnvironmentalAssessment (EA) will have to be prepared by the Project Owner. This is consistent withthe Cambodian Sub-decree on Environmental Impact Assessment Process. TheCambodian Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reporting requirements for watersupply projects start with 10,000 users. The EIA sub-decree details specific proceduresto be followed and lists the nature and size of projects which are required to submit InitialEnvironmental Impact Assessment (IEIA) or ElAs report.

For smaller systems (< 2000 connections), the Project Owner will have to includeEnvironmental Safeguard Guidelines into the Project design and operation

2 Initially, full Initial Environmental Impact Assessment (IEIA) reports were prepared for all the participationsub-projects, parallel with the feasibility studies and community consultations. Based on the findings of theassessments (see Chapter 4), it was decided to distinguish the required procedures for larger systems(? 2,000 connections) and the smaller (< 2,000 connections).

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arrangements, but will not be required to seek formal approval from the Ministry ofEnvironment.

Based on the above mentioned documents, the MoE have drafted flowcharts showingthe EIA procedure to be applied. For the present project, with MIME being the Projectowner, the applied process is shown in Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.1 - Applied EA Process

Determination of Project EIA Requirements

; 2000 connections: Popane nA Obtain Approval/

IEIA Report requIre clude or in B eaort sumar report anNM nior

of coe ad le SrmrnatyRortn per Bath of from WVorld BNank

of. roposer; ;roJectf ' >= 2000 connections:

''' 1 *~ s:t,-' b Prepare IndividualA. IEIAEIAS Report

EIA Process for Proposed ProJect Approved by Project's Owner as Ministry and Institution

. 30 days ** 30 days

ReM p En,nnmw,Infto MoE EEA Resed I

JEt. ~ i,,i ~ ,poAeOneeds

P[AEo reportE,,oetOoEIA Repon t oo&MoE

1.3 Contents of the Report~~~~~~~~RporTh upseoh preen EnvirnmenaloAsesent SmayR POr Ismtoeientf

dvlPmetOf ie ae supl sytmfrte partiiptngtwn nfah FoirtoBtc

oneetCsP S Project & EMP_ IEIA Report.

Confent . 'SACaREVIA TIONS

rIE EgeigouttfE-GHD/FT.EMtP extg 1R 2 0EIA a-mnl Imr AnlEEA EoetiE a

1.3 Contents of the Report

The purpose of the present Environmental Assessment Summary Report is to identify

possible environmental and social impacts arising from the proposed construction and

development of piped water supply system for the participating towns of the First Batch

of the CPPUWSS project.

Many sections of the current report have been obtained from the Feasibility Study

reports, prepared by MIME, with support of the Engineering Consultant GHD/FT.

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2 EA IMPLEMENTATION

2.1 General

Project preparation, including all environmental assessment activities, is coordinatedthrough the PMO of the Department of Potable Water Supply (DPWS/MIME). Theenvironmental assessment is integrated with the other project preparation activities (e.g.engineering design, economic analysis, and community consultations). The EApreparation started simultaneously with the initial (engineering) assessment and pre-feasibility study in order to include all environmental aspects in to the selection processand engineering design right from the beginning. The principal project proceduresinclude:

* (non-formal) Scoping meetings;* Inventory of the environmental baseline conditions;* Systematic environmental comparison of alternative investments, sites,

technologies and designs, including all the significant adverse environmentalimpacts that are anticipated.

* Drafting of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), including a mitigationand monitoring plan;

* Community consultation and participatory selection of WS altemative;* Submission of the EA report to and obtain clearance of the World Bank;* EMP Compliance Monitoring.

The EA was carried out by a technical team, comprising of representatives of nationaland local Governments, engineers and environment specialists (See Annex A). Multipleconsultations with the staff of MIME, Provincial Government, Commune chiefs, and thelocal beneficiaries were conducted in order to solicit their comments, reactions andfinally seek their proper approval and endorsement of the proposed project (see section2.2).

Desk research was carried out through obtaining available data about the physical,socio-economic, environmental characterization, political profiles from the EngineeringConsultants GHD/FT. Data were also galhered and reviewed from the national lineagencies/offices such as Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Ministry of Agriculture(MoA), and Ministry of Environment (MoE). These available reports/literature and othermaterials relevant to the conduct of the Environmental Assessment report were compiledand reviewed.

Aside from data gathering activities, actual interview and constant coordination with themembers of the Provincial Management Unit (PMU) at the Provincial and Municipal/Citylevels were carried out to gather first hand information/data.

2.2 Public consultation and participation

Both the RGC and the WB emphasize the importance of public participation and requirea transparent EA process in gaining understanding and achieving social acceptability fora project or undertaking. Participation of the local authorities and population should besecured through regular community consultations during the entire EA process (similar

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to WB "stakeholder workshops"). The goal of public participation is to enable citizens totake responsibility for environmental protection and management through activeinvolvement in decision making.

Public participation and consultations of the CPPUWSS project focused on the threemain objectives mentioned above. Strategies were developed that would promote theseprinciples during the conduct of the Rapid Feasibility Study. Among these strategies arethe series of presentation and consultation activities with the different stakeholders atthe local level. The areas for consultation and negotiations were focused on thefollowing:

* Technical options for the water supply system, including environmental andsocial implications, the project investment cost, and the required equitycontribution;

* Cost recovery options and water tariff structure;* Operation and management scheme for the system; and* Project implementation arrangement (Design/Build/Lease) of the water utility.

There were two levels of consultations during the feasibility study. The first level waswith the local governments. The second level of consultation focused on for theprospective users in the service areas.

To proceed to full preliminary design for a specific town, at least 51% of the heads ofhouseholds living within the proposed service area should have indicated their supportfor the new scheme during the Willingness-to-Connect Survey. The applied process issummarized in Annex E - WTC Process documentation.

2.3 Drinking water quality standards

There are currently no official drinking water quality standards in Cambodia. In general,the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines are being applied. Official standardsare however under preparation by MIME and WHO, to be submitted to the CoordinatingCommittee for Development of Water Supply and Sanitation Sector for discussion andsubsequent formal processing.

The proposed water quality standards are included in Annex C, and will be applied forthe proposed water supply system. The recommendations are especially important forthe Arsenic level. As it seems that the WHO guideline of lOpg/l is unrealistic to applycurrently, a (temporary) value of 50pg/l has been proposed for Cambodia. This valuehas also been applied for the current project.

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3 DESCRIPTION OF SUB-PROJECTS

3.1 General

The first batch of sub-project of the CPPUWSP initially consisted of 5 Peri-urban areas,23 provincial towns, complemented with 6 back-up towns. After an initial assessment ofthe suitability, feasibility, and environmental constraints to include the areas in theproject, a final listing for the first batch of project locations had been established (seeTable 3.1 and Figure 3.1). Additional basic data of the project towns is included in AnnexF.

Fiaure 3.1 - Location map of current sub-project

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Table 3.1 - Summary of sub-project locationsCode Town Province District Current Environmental IEIA report

Status Assessment submittedcompleted to MoE

M04 Ou Smach Odor Samraong Included Yes NoMeanchey

M07 Bavet Svay Rieng Chantrea Included Yes NoM08 Kandieng Svay Rieng Svay Teab Included Yes No

ReayM09 Kraol Kou Svay Rieng Svay Chrum Included Yes NoM10 Kampong Svay Rieng Rumduol Included Yes No

Chak

M12 Boeung Banteay Thma Pourk Included Yes NoTrakunn Meanchey

M13 Phnom Thom Banteay Mongkul Borei Included Yes No/ Phnom MeancheyTouch

M15 Srah Chik/Poy Banteay Phnom Srok Included Yes NoChar Meanchey

M16 Phsar Chob Banteay Preah Netr Included Yes NoMeanchey Preah

M17 Thma Pourk Bantey Thma Pourk Included Yes NoMeanchey

M18 Neak Loeang Prey Vieng Peam Ro Included Yes Yes (byMIME)

M19 Prasat Prey Vieng Kampong Included Yes NoTrabaek

M20 Svay Antor Prey Vieng Prey Reang Included Yes NoM21 Preaek Prey Vieng Sithor/Kandal Included Yes No

ChangkranM22 Chheu Kach Prey Vieng Ba Phn om Included Yes NoM23 Roka Prey Vieng Pea Reang Included Yes NoS02 Sala Lek Prim Kampong Kampong Included Yes No

Chhnang ChhangS03 Prey Khmer Kampong Kampong Included Yes No

Chhnang ChhangS04 Ponley Kampong Kampong Included Yes No

Chhnang Chhang

Phnom Penh Included Yes Yes (byPPWSA)

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3.2 Proposed projects

The projects will provide piped water supply to 19 service areas in Provincial townsranging from around 350 to 3850 families. Details on the proposed projects for the targettowns are included in Annex G. The water source for all of the towns is groundwater.The system is designed for supply to 90 percent of the houses within the service area ata consumption of 100 I/cd at year seven.

The necessary infrastructure generally consists of:* Groundwater abstraction via deep bores. The deep wells will be drilled,

developed and tested for water quality and quantity. Each well will contain asubmersible pump discharging to a common raw water rising network, leading toand discharging at the treatment facility. The bores will be developed inaccordance with the World Bank specification for the project. The bore pumpswill be heavy duty, multi-stage, submersible, down hole pumps.

* The establishment of a treatment plant. Treatment to meet the applied drinkingwater quality standards (section 2.3). The applied treatment technology generallycomprises aeration, disinfection and pH correction with lime dosing. The qualityof the proposed water source however will not be known with any certainty untilexploratory boreholes are sunk. Meantime the groundwater has been assessedand a judgment has been exercised of the quality expected for each town underthe worst of the prevailing circumstances. The treatment plant will be designed tocope with the peak pumping flow rate from the deep bore system.

* Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the system.* Distribution network along the main roads;* A single metered connection provided to each house, where it is assumed that

household "water jar" storage will continue to be used;* Construction of alternative sanitation facilities appropriate for the local conditions

if considered necessary.

3.3 Environmental Conditions

Topography and GeologyThe main topographical features of the towns are listed in Table 3.2. Most of the townsare located on flat alluvial plains, while only in Ou Smach, Phnom Thom/Phnom Touchand Phsar Chub more significant elevation differences occur. The difference in elevationis the result of older outcropping sandstone formations.

Cambodia can be divided by 'geological provinces', as shown in Figure 3.2 (ESCAP,1993). The "Tongle Sap-Mekong plains", including the great Lake Basin of Tongle Sapand the central valley of Cambodia, were formed by the slight subsidence of the broadcentral area along northwest-southeast axes in the Quaternary, leading to broad areasof a Mid- to Late-Quaternary cover with a thin to moderate thickness.

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Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIME/PPWSAJWB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

Table 3.2 - Main Topographical Features & Soil TypesTown River Flood Surrounding Other Features Land Variation in

Plain s Flat HeightO' Smach No Forest Basin on hill Sloping 44 mBavet Mekong Rice Fields Y 3mKandieng Reay Mekong Rice Fields Y 3mKraol Kou Mekong Rice Fields Y 2.7mKampong Chak Mekong Rice Fields Y 4.9mBoeung Trakoun No Rice Fields Mudstone Sloping 1 3.7mPh Thom + Ph No Rice Fields Encloses hills Sloping 16mTouchSrah Chik + Paoy No Rice Fields Irrigation lake Sloping 12mCharPhsar Chub No Rice Fields Spring Sloping. 33.3mThmor Pourk No Rice Fields Sloping 11.8mNeak Loeang Mekong Wetlands Low center Sloping 16.4mPrasat Mekong Rice Fields Y 3.4mSvay Antor Mekong Rice Fields Y 2.2mPrek Changkran Mekong ........ River Sloping 14.9m

escarpmentChheu Kach Mekong Rice Fields Encloses hills Sloping 13.7mRoka Mekong Rice Fields Sloping 9.1mPonley Tonle Sap Rice Fields Y LittlePrey Khmer Tonle Sap Rice Fields Y LittleSala Lek Pram Tonle Sap Rice Fields Y LittleSource: GHD/FT

Fi ure 3.2 - Geolo ical rovincesI PLATEAU

, ti \ _ f i._ Xi / R^r^A Kl;ql l~~~~~~~~~~~~' -,

'-.'. . .b "/ HGFIIRAT2 I K

,' F^iP>S N VOLCANO* -SEIMENTAAY ',

I, " ~~~OL~~ QELT ~~ERRAPNS ROGe1r ib ti '\ ~~~~~FOLD~ BELT PLA71EAU J

'PAILIN META .',

S.6 FOLD __ i 'LAT ->'\ ' LOBE\ < 5 s I{ SO.____ - EASE .ALAT, ' HHLON.ss

P \t n¢i>z 221 BUz? iBLAWRS

-;j**.* NFOEA' ¢ OLCANJCSv c*J

\KAMPOT5 . BE-CARDAMOM FOLD

HIGHLANO EL

Source: ESCAP, 1993

The Middle-Upper Quaternary (Q2-3), a principal sedimentary aquifer, is widespread inthe north, southeastern and northwestern sectors of Cambodia, where it is known as the

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Battambang formation. On the Mekong Plain the upper Quaternary (Q3 ) is recognized asthe Mochoa formation, occupying the 10-15m terraces in the areas southeast of PhnomPenh. It is composed of grits, sands and clays outcropping on higher relief levels on theouter parts of the central plains.

The whole of the Tertiary is represented by Pliocene sedimentation. The Neogene-EarlyPleistocene (N2-Q) is seen in large basins in eastern Cambodia. These are representedby the Bamieu formation, comprising of clay-stones and siltstones usually laid upon well-developed conglomerate horizons. Large volumes of this material fill the broad lowlandgrabens of the Mekong valley and the Tongle Sap Region, overlain by younger alluvialmaterials. The deposits of this age are often referred to as the "alluvions anciens", the"older alluvium".

Mesozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary units and intrusive rocks are generally referred to

basement rocks.

ClimateTable 3.3 shows the main climatic parameters recorded in Cambodia, representative forall the project towns.

Table 3.3 - General climate conditions in CambodiaMeasure Wet Season Dry SeasonMonths May - November December - ApnlWind Direction Southwest NortheastCool Months November December - FebruaryHot Months May March - AprilCambodian Average Rainfall 1300 to 3600 mm per annumPhnom Penh Average Rainfall 1300 mm per annumMean Rainfall 200 mm per month 3 - 15 mm per month

September - October December - MarchEvaporation 69 - 105 mm per month 170 mm per monthAverage Temperatures 30 Degree Celsius April 35 Deg C peakHumidity Sept-Oct 85% average Jan-April 75% average

Source: GHD/FT

Surface WaterThere are limited reliable surface water resources in the vicinity of the towns, which aresuitable to use for drinking water supplies.

HydrogeologyThe Mekong Basin is a large alluvial area with in general a high groundwater potential.The principal aquifers are the Pliocene/Pleistocene sediments, and to a lesser extent thefissure zone or weathered zone of the basement rocks. The Pliocene/Pleistocenesediments are overlying the basement rocks. The depth of the basement is estimated ata depth more then 150m.

Recharge of the Quaternary aquifers takes place from rainfall and river water infiltration(during the high river levels during July-December). Reported yields (JICA, 1999) fromthe Pliocene/Pleistocene sedimentary deposits in the 'Mekong groundwater basin', arehigh with values of up to 1,000 m3 /day (> 40 m3 /hr), which indicated the good

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groundwater potential of the area. Other areas in Cambodia have lower groundwaterpotential and can differ considerably per location.

Groundwater qualityGeneral groundwater quality concerns in Cambodia, apart from the microbiologicalcontamination of shallow wells, are higher Iron, Manganese and Arsenic concentrations,all occurring naturally. The highest values are generally reported along the Mekong andTongle Sap rivers.

A summary of the water sampling in the project towns is given in Table 3.4. Thecomplete data is included in Annex H.

The water testing of existing wells in the project areas indicate that for selected townshigher iron levels were observed, and in some cases Arsenic (< 50 pg/I). However, thelevels are not very high and generally aeration and disinfection is all the treatmentrequired. In some cases the pH is marginally lower than desired and should be adjustedthrough lime dosing. It should be noted that these data are only indications of what waterquality to expect, and water quality will be tested for be tested after drilling for all thewells.

Water SupplyNone of the project towns have reliable piped water supply. In some towns privateoperators provide water on a commercial basis, but the service level/and or the quality ofthe water provided is considered insufficient.

Public HealthLife expectancy and infant mortality, both principal indicators of the state of health of thepopulation, remain high by international and regional standards, with some 56 years lifeexpectancy and 89 infant deaths per 1000 live births. Health issues that featureprominently in the project towns include parasite infestations, nutritional deficiencies,sexually transmitted diseases and waterborne diseases (e.g. diarrhea).

Diarrhea is a continuous nuisance among the population, but it also impacts economicactivity and is a life threatening hazard, especially for babies and children. The socio-economic survey carried out for this project found that at least 5 percent of householdshad suffered cases of diarrhea among its members within the previous two weeks. In theworst cases, up to 12 percent of households had suffered diarrhea among its adultmembers during this period. While the source of infection of diarrhea diseases vary,most can be attributed to polluted water supplies inadequate supplies for drinking, foodpreparation and hygiene and inadequate sanitation.

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Table 3.4 - Summary of Water Quality samplingTown Source pH EC TDS Fe NO3 CI Hard- As

tested nessUnit - pS/cm mg/i mgAi mg/l mg/l mg/i ig/i

WHO Guideline 6.5-8.5 - 1000 0.3 50 250 - 10

O' Smach Deep well 7.6 648 325 0.05 1 49 150 046m

Bavet Deep well 4.85 28 13 0.02- 0.9- 49 25 022-29m 0.33 1.5

Kandieng Reay Deep well 7.14 138 70 0.1 1.1 NT 50 024-36m

Kraol Kou Deep wells 6.56 100- 50- 0.12- 0.6- 56 100 030-39m 260 130 0.36 0.8

Kampong Chak Deep well 6.98 151 76 0.27 1.2 NT 25 036m

Boeung Trakoun Deep wells 6.00- 143- 80- 0.08- 1.1- 0-86 70-120 059-72m 7.73 1945 988 0.80 1.4

Ph Thom/ Deep wells 6.96 705 355 0.03 3.3 36 400 0Ph Touch 17-33mSrah Chik + Paoy Deep wells 6.3-8.4 40- 20- 0.1-1.0 0.5- 0- 25-450 0-Char 30-40m 1780 1115 18 290 <10Phsar Chub Deep wells 5.64 44 22 0.37- 0.9 NT 40-80 0

40-60m 0.66Thmor Pourk Deep wells n/a n/a n/a 0.13 17 NT n/a 0

-46-60mNeak Loeang Deep well 9 n/a 337 0.02 1.7 100 54 0

60mPrasat Deep well 6.51 233 114 0.98 1.8 6 90 30

53mSvayAntor Deepwell 6.59 249 125 0 1.5 NT 130 0

29mPrek Changkran Deep well 6.71 201 98 0.18 1.4 NT 80 0

47mChheu Kach Deep well 6.92 368 188 0.04 1.8 6 120 10

35mRoka Deep wells 5.47 410 208 0.14 10.4 36 120 <10

21-33mSala Lek Pram Deep wells 7.3 400 200 <0.3 <0.1 24 150 0

18-31 mPrey Khmer Deep wells 7.34 250- 140- 0.09- 0- 52- 50-250 0

16 -35m 1000 535 2.74 .002 183Ponley Deep wells 7.34 200- 98- 0.03- 0- 9- 120 0

27-38m 650+ 324 4.15 .002 18.5Note: Bold values indicate samples exceeding proposed water quality standards.

SanitationWith regard to sanitation in general in Cambodia, many people (at least 49%) use fieldor bush around their homes for defecation. This arrangement is often considered moreor less satisfactory, though many town dwellers (40 %) have latrines and of those that donot, the majority (57%) would like to install one and meet the cost of doing this,suggesting a high level of awareness of sanitation issues and their role in improvedliving conditions.

The flat area results in poor natural drainage conditions. Stagnant water is a regularproblem during the rainy season.

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Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIME/PPWSAANB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

PopulationAll the towns are small and urbanization is limited (see Table 3.5). The total populationof the towns ranges from 2,250 (Cheu Kach) to 22,477 (Neak Loeang3). The mainincome for all the towns is agriculture, and only a limited number of larger commercialestablishments are present.

Table 3.5 - Population within Service AreaTown Commune Records Service Area Counts

Population in Core Number of Actual Population Commer-area Families Houses Serviced cial

O'Smach 7,013 1,175Bavet 12,454 2,224 1,148 6,337 12Kandieng Reay 4,939 988 409 2,779 10Kraol Kou 4,047 686 461 2,779 12Kampong Chak 2,959 588 242 1,136 7Boeung Trakoun 11,535 1,955 419 2,314Ph Thom/Ph 11,760 2,297 726 4,429TouchSrah Chik + Paoy 5,068 949 763 4,731CharPhsar Chub 6,594 1,209 911 5,830Thmor Pourk 8,697 1,774 1,474 7,665Neak Loeang + 22,477 4,394 3,557 45Prasat 6,836 1,407 591 3,103 13Svay Antor 4,739 1,005 1,198 6,589 22Prek Changkran 8,364 1,284 1,313 6,893 4Chheu Kach 2,250 1,232 627 3,292 5Roka 11,144 1,955 1,600 8,400 7PonleyPrey KhmerSala Lek PramSource: GHD/FT

Standard of living and IncomeIn Cambodia, a number of the population live in well-built houses (up to 60% in sometowns), although the majority, 62% overall, live in poorer quality or makeshift homes.

With regard to the economic status of the beneficiary group, the survey indicates highlevels of poverty, with average incomes equating to some USD 0.54 per person per day(as low as USD 0.48 in Svay Rieng).

3 Neak Loeang is the only larger town in the first batch which required a separate IEIA report andsubsequent approval of the Ministry of Environment.

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4 MAIN FINDINGS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

4.1 Size of the sub-projects

A review of the sub-projects shows most of the proposed projects are very small in size.A summary matrix of the sized sub-projects versus project cost is given in Table 4.1.One third of the projects will have less then 1,000 connections, while the total projectcosts for the majority of the proposed projects are less then US$ 500,000.

Table 4.1 - Size of the service area versus Total Project costsSystem < 250,000 US$ 250,000 - 500,000 USS > 500,000 US$ Tota

Size I< 1,000 HH Kampong Chak Boeung Trakoun (M12) - 7

(M1O) Prasat (M19)Kandieng Reay Chheu Kach (M22)

(M08) Phsar Chub (M16)Kraol Kou (M09)

1,000 - Bavet (M07) Srah Chik/Paoy Char 112,000 HH SvayAntor (M20) (M15)

Ponley (S04) Prey Khmer (S03)Ou Smach (M04)

Prek Changkran (M21)Thmor Pourk (M17)Sala Lek Prim (S02)

Roka (M23)Phnom Thorn / Phnom Touch

(M13)> 2,000 HH - - Neak Loeang (M18) 1Total: 3 13 3 19

4.2 Main Environmental Impacts

The following summarizes the main environmental issues and concerns in the projecttowns. Specific environmental conditions in the project towns are elaborated in Annex I.

Water source selectionSelection of the water source has been done on the basis of security of supply andpossibilities for protection of the source. Firstly, the water source should be sufficient toprovide enough water during the dry season, and during dryer years. Accordingly,smaller creeks and ponds were considered not acceptable. Moreover, a water source,for which the Local Govemment may not be able to provide proper protection againstpollution, has been rejected for the present water supply system.

General Construction impactsNegative environmental impacts due to the construction of the proposed water workssystem are limited. Impacts will be mainly on the terrestrial (land), air environment andon affected persons due to noise and possibly relocation. The impacts could betemporary or permanent, significant or not significant depending on the nature andexisting quality of sensitive receptors.

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Major activities for the construction will be site-clearing, excavations, pipe-laying, andmaterial hauling. Potential environmental impacts observed in similar constructionactivities include interference with existing utilities, damage to properties (e.g.displacements, cracks, etc.), and conflicts with existing transportation infrastructure. Alldamages can be mitigated by applying proper professional construction methods andsupervision of compliance with international standards.

Common other impacts from construction activities like dust, noise, limited erosion, andtraffic effects can not be fully mitigated, but can be kept within acceptable limits byapplying professional standards and construction methods.

The construction of the water supply is not expected to have significant impacts ondrainage characteristics of the region. However, it will be important to avoid localflooding or the blocking any natural drainage channel during construction. If applicable,appropriate temporary drainage infrastructure will have to be constructed.

Arsenic ContaminationMIME is aware of the possible risks of higher Arsenic concentrations in wells to bedrilled in certain areas. The risk however is considered acceptable if appropriatemitigation measures are incorporated into the project design and preparation process. Itshould be noted that the 'Arsenic problem' generally applies to private shallow wells,where people have no choice in selection the location of the well, and have no resourcesto provide proper treatment. The CPPUWSP will develop piped water supply systems,where the both the source and the treatment can relatively easily be adjusted accordingto the local conditions.

To deal with possible higher (or uncertain) concentrations of Arsenic in groundwater, theproject will apply the following mitigation measures:* Selection of the most suitable well locations, based on the findings of a groundwater

investigation conducted during the feasibility study (geophysical survey, water qualitysampling program);

* Anticipation of water treatment facilities (aeration) in project locations where higherArsenic concentration could be expected.

* Extensive water quality testing of all new wells, as included in the DBL contract.* Allocation of a special budget for possible new well or additional water treatment

facilities after water testing of the actual completed wells.

SanitationSpecial attention will be given to onsite sanitation in areas with high groundwater tables,e.g. the Mekong Delta. As the regular septic tanks are not working properly in theseareas, the option of introducing alternative technologies and/or communal facilities(public toilets) will be discussed and investigated. At present, coverage of onsitesanitation facilities is still very low in Cambodia.

Economic impactsThe construction of the system may have limited negative impacts on the income ofselected people. Agricultural activities are disturbed, and some damage to the soil canbe expected due to the construction activities and the increased traffic.

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Compensation to affected persons will be applied according to general project rules(using market values) as set out in the Operations Manual, prepared in accordance withstandards and regulations of the Government of Cambodia.

Please note that positive economic impacts are expected during construction. A localworkforce will be employed by the DBL Operator during construction, estimated atapproximately 300 to 600 man-months (unskilled labor) per town until completion of theproject.

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5 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

5.1 General

To ensure that the proposed water supply and sanitation investments lead to sustainableservices in the long run interaction between the main stakeholders have beenemphasized during project preparation (i.e. DPWS/MIME, the Provincial Governments,District and Commune-level institutions, ancl the main direct beneficiaries of the project).Creating ownership and responsibility at the various levels is the final objective of theparticipative process.

During initial meetings with District Governors and Commune Chiefs a measure of thecommunities' interest in receiving a piped water supply and to participate in a sanitationprogram was acquired.

Subsequently, the MIME-GHD/FT team gathered through household questionnairesbasic demographic and socio-economic information, information on existing water supplyand sanitation costs and arrangements, and basic hopes and aspirations for futureimprovements in these two services. The survey team took care to ensure that samplingwas done evenly through each Commune, gaining a sample that was representative interms of different income groups and that included any minority groups in eachCommune.

Formal discussions also occurred with the Provincial, District and Communeadministrations to familiarize the team with the areas and communities and to build upconfidence of the administrations and residents in the team members. From thesediscussions, it became clear that the Commune Chiefs, their committees and thecommunities want, and would demand, information on a number of issues, primarily:

1. Cost (tariff and connection cost)2. Scheduling and likely implementation3. Providers (information about the possible companies, namely the owners)4. Protection of consumers5. Roles of Government and authorities

5.2 Consultations with the Prospective Users

The participation of end users (the community) in the design and operation of watersupply and sanitation systems is, along with engineering, resource and environmentalconsiderations, key to the sustainability of the services to be established. Effectiveparticipation ensures that, to the extent practicable, the services provided will beacceptable to the users, appropriate to their conditions, and affordable to them. In orderfor participation to be effective, representative views from members of different agegroups, gender, income categories, religious and minority groups need to be heard andunderstood.

The project comes at a time when fundamental steps have been taken by the RoyalGovernment of Cambodia to put community representation structures into place, and todevelop participatory methods for development at Commune and village level in the

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Cambodia Provincial and Per-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIME/PPWSA/WB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

country, but also at a time when processes for developing such structures are still at anearly stage. The communication and information strategy for the PPUWSSP has workedwith the structures that have been, or are being set up, so as to help strengthen themand avoid the conflicts and confusion that would arise from establishing new structuresor processes. The communication and information strategy has also been arranged toensure regular and feedback to the Commune Councils, the village representatives andtheir communities.

Specific issues which were seen to require elaboration and answers at the Willingnessto Connect stage included:

1. Connection cost and repayment scheme2. How will the operator be controlled and who will be responsible?3. If a breakdown occurs who will be responsible for the cost, especially for water

meters?4. Where would the water meter be located for households (and what distance

would the free connection be)?5. How long will it take to implement the project if it goes ahead?

5.3 Willingness-to Connect (WTC)

ProcessThe WTC area meetings are instruments for the dissemination of key information on theproposed water supply and sanitation improvements, by means of facilitatedpresentation and discussion, hand-out leaflets and, information sheets and follow-updiscussion. The team has prepared a simple text for information brochures designed tointroduce the purpose of the project, (with reference to Government policy on water andsanitation), the basic principles behind the private sector involvement, and an outline ofwhat is planned in terms of further project preparation and the construction of facilities.These documents are contained in the Volume of Appendices.

The strategy has therefore focused on a communication process reinforcing thebeneficiaries (Commune, village and households) understanding of the project, its rulesand thereby increasing ownership. The process has also highlighted the benefits of safeand reliable water supply and sanitation and the means of achieving sustainable andaffordable town water supply systems. This underpins the foundations of the WTCprocess and has worked to establish an environment for a knowledgeable response fromthe community.

The communications strategy involved the following initiatives in the period leading upto, and during the WTC activities:* Information: Meetings organized with the Commune Chief and Commune Council to

reaffirm their understanding of the project rules and the process of projectpreparation and implementation, especially for the newly-elected Commune Chiefsand Commune Councils.

* Dissemination: After the above consultation meetings, the organization of a meetingat village level with the village chief and representatives of the village developmentcommittee, where these existed, with the participation of the Commune Chief,Commune Council and MIME / Consultants for preliminary discussion about theproject rules, proposed options and service.

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. Decision: Thereafter a series of focused group discussions with beneficiaries(communities) on the selected options by MIME and Council to discuss theWillingness-To-Connect (WTC). These meetings were arranged with the Communeand Village representatives to determine the most suitable time, venue and structureto ensure strong attendance and participation. With the assistance of the Communeand Village representatives the WTC forms were distributed to the proposedbeneficiaries after the meeting, and a date was agreed with the beneficiaries for thereturn of the 'signed WTC agreement forms" to the Commune Chief / MIME, andverification by the Commune Chief.

Results of the WTCThe Willingness-to-Connect (WTC) shows a large support from the population (Table5.1). A detailed summary of the findings of the public consultation per town is given inAnnex J.

Table 5.1 - Summary of Willingness to ConnectTown (Code, Province) Surveyed Approved WTC

Families Tariff %Bavet (M07, Svay Rieng Province) 1088 1830 63 %Boeung Trakoun (M12, Banteay Meanchey Province) 492 2425 75 %Chheu Kach (M22, Prey Veng Province) 740 1900 93 %Kampong Chak (M10, Svay Rieng Province) 352 1850 90 %Kandieng Reay (MO8, Svay Rieng Province) 474 1810 90 %Kraol Kou (M09, Svay Rieng Province) 495 1990 57 %Neak Loeang (M18, Prey Veng Province) 3868 1675 57 %Ou Smach (M04, Odor Meanchey Province) 1250 1860 82 %Phnom Thom / Phnom Touch (M13, Banteay Meanchey Province) 1770 1955 92 %Phsar Chub (M16, Banteay Meanchey Province) 980 1990 98 %Ponley (S04, Kampong Chhnang Province) 1213 1860 78 %Prasat (M19, Prey Veng Province) 586 1985 70 %Prek Changkran (M21, Prey Veng Province) 1313 1995 70 %Prey Khmer (S03, Kampong Chhnang Province) 1425 2170 84 %Roka (M23, Prey Veng Province) 1602 1815 69 %Sala Lek Prim (S02, Kampong Chhnang Province) 1585 1885 67 %Srah Chik/Paoy Char (MI5, Banteay Meanchey Province) 1011 2030 94 %Svay Antor (M20, Prey Veng Province) 1170 1980 72 %Thmor Pourk (M17, Bantey Meanchey Province) 1421 1930 89 %

Indigenous PeopleThe project is committed and has the organizational instruments to ensure thatIndigenous People (IP) are (i) consulted in matter relating to the project, (ii) providedopportunities for participation in decision making related to the project, and (iii) providedopportunities for participation in project activities.

The project design recognizes that 'meaningful' participation by poor and disadvantagedsections of society requires special focus that goes beyond routine projectimplementation management. In this context, a parallel set of activities has beenlaunched, designed to be self-sustained beyond the project cycle. The key activities aimat empowering beneficiary populations to exercise voice and choice. Specifically, theyinclude: (a) formation of Clean Water Groups or CWGs, by which local residents acquire

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voice in the construction and operational phases of the water supply infrastructure, and(b) provision of technical assistance to institutionalize CWGs as stakeholder oversightgroups to address water and sanitation access concerns, and (c) in the form of hygieneeducation and support for construction of household toilets.

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Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIMEIPPWSAJWB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 Introduction

Based on the findings of the environmental assessment and the discussions held withthe concerned local residents, the Local and National Governments, an EnvironmentalManagement Plan has been drafted, including an Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMiP)and an Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP).

By submitting the present EA Summary report, MIME certifies that to their knowledge allthe information in the report is true, accurate, and complete, and is committed to itsproper implementation.

6.2 Environmental Mitigation Plan

Table 6.1 summarizes the main environmental concerns, the necessary actions andmitigation measures to protect the environment, and the responsibilities of the differentparties.

6.3 Environmental Monitoring Flan

In Table 6.2 the required Environmental Monitoring Plan is presented. It is considerednecessary that selected data will be collected on a regular basis for the properimplementation and monitoring of environmental mitigation measures, as described inTable 6.1.

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Table 6.1 - Environmental Mitigation PlanPhase Mitigation measures Responsibility SchedulePre- * Lack of control of water source: Acquire land MIME, World Bank Prior to DBLconstruction directly around the facilities (or secure a Contracts

possible purchase);* Reduction in flow: Locate the well in an area

where other water users are not affected.* Disturbance of land use and economic

activities: Usage of public areas; Provision forproper compensation.

Construction * Disturbance of land use due to Operator, with Continuousdrilling/construction: Minimize impacts, supervision of duringRestore damages. MIME consultant construction

* Loss of natural vegetation: Replanting of phase.affected areas.

* Disturbance of stream channels, aquaticplant and animal habitats: Erosion andsedimentation control.

* Soil and water contamination (e.g. spilling ofoil products and other construction materials):Control (collection, disposal) of waste water.

* Hindrance (noise, air pollution, traffic, etc)due to drilling/construction activities: Minimizehindrance; Usage of main roads whenpossible.

* Soil erosion and compaction: Proper runoffand erosion control measures; Heavy trafficrestrictions.

* Safety hazards: Proper safety and warningmeasures; Provision of temporarycrossings/bridges; Public informationcampaign.

Operation . Public health hazards due to increase of Operator, with To bewastewater: Support the construction of supervision of determinedproper on-site sanitary facilities (if lacking); MIME during feasibilityImprove storm drainage system for sullage; study.

* Contamination of the groundwater: Acquireand fence a protection zone directly aroundthe well; Regulate potential polluting activitiesin recharge zone; Monitor water level andgroundwater abstraction.

* Lowered groundwater table: Space wells atlarger distances; Avoid over-abstraction andconsequent lowering of groundwater table;Calculate safe yield (abstraction);Assure/proof that other water users are notaffected.

* Increase of noise: Usage of electricalsubmersible pumps; Construction of pumpinghouse.

Abandoning * Water availability: keep traditional water -phase sources available.

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Table 6.2 - Environmental Monitoring PlanPhase Monitoring activities Responsibility ImplementationPre- * Land acquisition: Check if the MIME, World Bank Prior to DBL Contractconstruction required land has been acquired

properly, or that a proper "Deed ofSale/Donation" has been prepared.

* Resettlement and Compensation: Ifapplicable, check if properarrangements are made anddocumented.

Construction . Hindrance to local population: Noise, Operator, with Continuous, throughair pollution (odor, TSP, fume supervision of MIME regular constructionemissions), land damage, traffic. consultant supervision.

* EMP compliance of the contractors:Erosion control, vegetationprotection, soil and watercontamination.

* Safety precautions of contractors:Conform professional standards.

* Sanitary control: Proper constructionof on-site facilities; Properconstruction of sullage drainagesystem.

Operation * Quality of distributed water: conform Operator, with Regular, according toofficial standard procedures supervision of MIME professional standards.(microbiology, standard parameters,Arsenic, heavy metals);

* Groundwater resources: water level(2 X per month (after pumpingrecovery period); operation of pumps(abstraction).

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7 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSABILITIES AND CAPACITY

7.1 Project Implementation

The responsibilities for implementation and monitoring of the Environmental SafeguardFramework (ESF) are summarized in Table 7.1. The MIME has the overall responsibilityfor the proper implementation of the Environmental Safeguard Framework (ESF), i.e.project implementation and compliance monitoring. The actual project management willbe the responsibility of the Project Management Office (PMO) in Phnom Penh.Consultants will be engaged to provide assistance during project preparation, and forsupervising design and construction of the systems.

The daily supervision of the construction and operation of the MIME sub-projects will becarried out by the Provincial Project Management Units (PMU). PMU staff will report tothe PMO.

Table 7.1 -Responsibilities for ESF Implementation and Compliance MonitoringAgency Principal project linkages Compliance MonitoringMIME/PPWSA PMOs Main linkage to MoE and WB-EASUR Implements compliance monitoring

agreements.Prepares compliance monitoring reportsfor MoE and WB.

Provincial PMUs Report to MIME PMO.Ministry of Implements compliance monitoringEnvironment (MoE) procedures: e.g. review of compliance


WB Operations Provides 'No-Objection Letters' to Implements compliance monitoringDepartment MIME/PPWSA for sub-project procedures: e.g. review of compliance(EASUR) implementation, after clearance from monitoring reports and field inspections.

EASESWB Environmental Provides Environmental Clearances for Implements compliance monitoringDepartment (EASES) (sub)-projects to EASUR procedures: e.g. review of compliance


Supervision Support PMOs and PMUs. Supervises work of DBL contractors.Consultants Support PMO/PMUs to prepare

monitoring reports.DBL Contractors Report directly to MIME-PMO Implement EA requirements.

Prepare compliance monitoring reportsand submit to MIME.

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7.2 Compliance Monitoring

All projects are subject to periodic compliance monitoring by the World Bank (and forlarger projects also the MoE). The primary purpose of compliance monitoring is toensure the implementation of sound and standard environmental procedures as definedduring the project preparation. Specifically, it aims to:

* Monitor project compliance with the conditions set in the operating permit;* Monitor compliance with the EMP and applicable laws, rules and regulations; and* Provide a basis for timely decision-making and effective planning and

management of environmental measures through the monitoring of actual projectimpacts vis-a-vis the predicted impacts in the EA.

The need for compliance monitoring is established at the time the approval of the WorldBank and/or MoE is issued, which will allow MIME to issue an operating permit and DBLContract. The Permit/Contract sets the conditions for the monitoring activities andscheduling. As a minimum requirement in compliance monitoring, the activities to bemonitored by the PO should correspond to the conditions in the operating permit andEMP. In addition, the operating permit conditions may also require the proponent toundertake industry self-monitoring and submit the required reports.

General aspects to be covered in the Compliance Monitoring, as detailed in the EMP,includes:

* Coverage of Monitoring;* Frequency of Monitoring;* Standard procedures/methods of monitoring (e.g. labeling, transport and

handling of samples) and laboratory analysis;* Selection of sampling stations;* Manpower requirements; and* Logistics.

The water supply system operator and the PG, with the assistance of PMO/consultants,will monitor compliance with the operating permit and carry out the requisite datacollection during both the construction and operational phases. Monitoring reports to besubmitted to the MoE and the PMO will include:

* Presentation of the collected data;* Discussion on the compliance or non-compliance to the EMP and operating

permit;* Conclusions and recommendations.

The PMO is requested to summarize the finding of the quarterly monitoring reports andsubmit an annual compliance report to the World Bank.

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7.3 Implementing Capacity

Budget / ScheduleA special budget will be allocated for overall Project supervision and monitoring,including compliance monitoring of the EMP. Monitoring will be carried out by MIME andWorld Bank staff.

Staff skillsThe capacity of MIME to properly monitor the project is admittedly limited. AlthoughMIME has skilled and motivated staff, current financial, institutional and logisticalconstraints will obviously be a major factor in the successful implementation.

To reduce the amount of compliance monitoring, many of the responsibilities have beenincluded in the Operators contract. Regular monitoring reports will be provided, whichwill include a Chapter on environmental compliance monitoring.

Methodological tools and equipmentThe principal equipment required as part of the compliance monitoring is for waterquality testing. Most of the field equipment is already available and applied by MIME aspart of their ongoing activities. Additional field equipment will be purchased during theproject. More specialized water quality testing for the compliance monitoring (e.g.Arsenic) will be carried out by certified laboratories.

Daily water quality testing during the operation of the water supply system is part of theoperators contract obligations.

TrainingEnvironmental Management training will be provided 'on-the-Job', as part of the overallmonitoring activities to be carried out. Support will be provided by World Bank staff ifrequired.

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8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

GeneralTaking into account the size of the projects and the observed environmental impacts, thepreparation of an Environmental Assessment Summary Report is consideredappropriate to cover all the project towns with less then 2000 connection. Most of theimpacts are identical per town, and responsibilities for implementing mitigation measuresrests with the same institution (i.e. Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy MIME).Moreover, the preparation of an EA Sumrnary report will eliminate the preparation ofmultiple identical documents, using the limited resources in MIME more efficiently andeffectively.

The Projects, endorsed and approved by the beneficiaries of the 19 provincial towns andMIME, are not expected to create adverse potential environmental impacts. The impactscan be prevented and mitigated to an acceptable level using proven engineering practiceand other measures. The proposed development of a water supply system would bebeneficial to the entire municipality. It will bring significant health improvements throughimprovement of water supply and sanitary conditions. It will also increase economicdevelopment of the area, resulting in increased land values and employment.

No resettlement will be required. The project will not negatively affect any indigenouspeople.

List of Resolved IssuesThe provision of clean and safe water will bring a significant improvement in the publichealth conditions of the participating households. It is expected that a decrease in thenumber of cases of water-borne diseases (diarrhea, gastroenteritis and parasitism) willoccur.

The environmental monitoring program will provide the necessary data for improvedenvironmental management of the water supply facilities. This will enable MIME toidentify and present solutions to possible environmental risks and concerns.

Proper sanitation and wastewater disposal mechanisms will be encouraged through asanitation component to mitigate the adverse effect of an increase in the production ofwastewater, especially in areas with poor drainage and high groundwater levels. Specialattention will be given to onsite sanitation alternatives. As the regular septic tanks arenot working properly in these areas, the option of introducing alternative technologiesand/or communal facilities (public toilets) will be discussed and investigated as part ofthe project.

MIME is aware of the possible risks of higher Arsenic concentrations in wells to bedrilled in the Mekong Delta. The risk however is considered acceptable as appropriatemitigation measures are incorporated into the project design and preparation process ifhigher concentrations are encountered in the drillings

It should be noted that the 'Arsenic problem' generally applies to private shallow wells,where people have no choice in selection the location of the well, and have no resourcesto provide proper treatment. The CPPUWSSP will develop piped water supply systems,

Al VlMain text 8-1 DRAFT, 2/24/2003


where the both the source and the treatment can relatively easily be adjusted accordingto the local conditions.

List of Partially Resolved IssuesAll possible precautions will be taken to minimize negative impacts during theconstruction phase. Damage to soil and water will be restored and properlycompensated. Other limited negative impacts that can not be fully mitigated (noise,traffic) will only be temporary.

Economic losses due to construction activities will be compensated according tostandards developed and agreed upon with the Royal Government of Cambodia.

New issues arising from the IEIA that have been resolvedThe IEIA emphasized on proper water source selection and protection, as currentlyincorporated in the feasibility study and final designs.

-AIPMain text 8-2 DRAFT, 2/24/2003

Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIME/PPWSAMWB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

9 MAIN REFERENCES AND BACKGROUND DOCUMENTATION

CambodiaAtlas of Mineral Resources of the ESCAP Region, Volume 10, Cambodia, 1993.DILG/DBP - DBL Lease contract 'LGU Urban Water Supply and Sanitation project, The

Philippines.MIME/WB, 2001 - Regulatory Reform of the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector;

Cambodia Urban Water Supply. Draft final report, prepared by Fraser ThomasPartners and Sarin and Associates.

MIME/WHO, 2001 - Cambodia Drinking Water Quality Assessment. Prepared by PeterR. Feldman and Jan-Willem Rosenboom.

MOE - List of the Projects Require an IEIA or EIA; Annex of Sub-Decree No 72 ANRK.BK. Date 11 August, 1999.

MRD/JICA, 2001 - The study on Groundwater Development in Central Cambodia.Interim Report, prepared by Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd.

Parsons - DRAFT technical specifications for the OBA component of the 'Urban andPeri-Urban water supply project'.

Royal Government of Cambodia (1996) - Law on Environmental Protection and NaturalResource Management

Royal Government of Cambodia (1997) - Sub-decree of Construction License (No. 86)Royal Government of Cambodia (1999) - Sub-decree on Water Pollution (No:

27.ANRK.BK)Royal Government of Cambodia (2001) - Sub-decree on Environmental Impact

Assessment process. No: 72.ANRK.BKRoyal Government of Cambodia (-) - Guideline for conducting Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) report. Draft only. Ministry of Environment.

World Bank GuidelinesWorld Bank, 1991. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook; Volume l: Policies,

Procedures, and Cross-sectoral Issues. WB Technical Paper 139.World Bank, 1991. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook; Volume l: Sectoral

Guidelines. WB Technical Paper 140).World Bank, 1999. Operational Policy 4.01: Environmental Assessment.World Bank, 1999. Bank Procedures 4.01: Environmental Assessment.World Bank, 2001. Operational Directive 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement.World Bank, 2001. Bank Procedures 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement.World Bank, 2001. Operational Policy 7.50: Projects on International Waterways.

.iIP'Main text 9-1 DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Annex A - EA Preparers

MIME staffMr. Peng Navuth, Director, Public Water Supply DepartmentMr. Sin Vaidia, Deputy Director DPWS, CPPUWSSP Project ManagerMr. Cheav Channy, Deputy Chief of Technical Office, DPWS

Local Govemment RepresentativesTown ContactsBavet (M07, Svay Rieng Mr. Long Sokhom, Deputy Director of DIME, PMU ChiefProvince) Mr. Pen Savuth, Staff of Electricity Utility, PMU Member

Mr. Chea Tang, Staff of Metrology Office, PMU MemberMr. Kao Sokunthay, Staff of Water Utility, PMU MemberMr. Seng Vanny, Staff of Water Utility, PMU Member

Boeung Trakoun (M12, Mr. Toum DoL, Kok Romeit commune chiefBanteay Meanchey Mr. Voeuk Ran Deputy, Director of DIME, PMU ChiefProvince) Mr. Heng Sopheang, Chief of Industrial Affair Office, PMU Member

Mr. Im Noy, Chief Industrial Affair Office (District), PMU MemberMr. Neak Sovanna, Vice Chief of Metrology Office, PMU MemberMr. Nhil Bunthoeun, Vice Chief of Power Office, PMU Member

Chheu Kach (M22, Prey Mr. Sok Pheng, Director of DIME, PMU ChiefVeng Province) Mr. Suon Sokunth Deputy Director of DIME, PMU Member

Mr. Bin Ly, Chief of Administration Office, PMU MemberMr. Chea Kakada, Vice Chief Mine Resource Office, PMU MemberMr. Meas Chhuna, Vice Chief Industrial Affair Office, PMUMember

Kampong Chak (M10, Mr. Long Sokhom, Deputy Director of DIME, PMU ChiefSvay Rieng Province) Mr. Pen Savuth, Staff of Electricity Utility, PMU Member


Kandieng Reay (M08, Mr. Long Sokhom, Deputy Director of DIME, PMU ChiefSvay Rieng Province) Mr. Pen Savuth, Staff of Electricity Utility, PMU Member


Kraol Kou (M09, Svay Mr. Chet Sambath, first deputy chief communeRieng Province) Mr. Chea Tang, PMU Representative

Mr. Long Sokhom, Deputy Director of DIME, PMU ChiefMr. Pen Savuth, Staff of Electricity Utility, PMU MemberMr. Chea Tang, Staff of Metrology Office, PMU MemberMr. Kao Sokunthay, Staff of Water Utility, PMU MemberMr. Seng Vanny, Staff of Water Utility, PMU Member

Neak Loeang (M18, Prey Mr. Sok Pheng, Director of DIME, PMU ChiefVeng Province) Mr. Suon Sokunth Deputy Director of DIME, PMU Member


Ou Smach (M04, Odor Mr. Hean Leang, Commune Chief, Ou Smach

AI Annexes I DRAFT, 2/24/2003

Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban YVater Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIME/PPWSANWB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

Town Contacts

Meanchey Province) Mr. Chhorn Khantha, Director of DIME, PMU ChiefMr. Chhean Hay, Vice Chief of Accounting Office, PMU member

Phnom Thom / Phnom Mr. Nab Nob, Commune ChiefTouch (M13, Banteay Mr. Pum BoPhal, CC MemberMeanchey Province) Mr. Voeuk Ran Deputy, Director of DIME, PMU Chief

Mr. Heng Sopheang, Chief of Industrial Affair Office, PMU MemberMr. Im Noy, Chief Industrial Affair Office (District), PMU MemberMr. Neak Sovanna, Vice Chief of Metrology Office, PMU MemberMr. Nhil Bunthoeun, Vice Chief of Power Office, PMU Member

Phsar Chub (M16, Mr. Pang Po, Commune Chief, Phsar ChobBanteay Meanchey Mr. Voeuk Ran Deputy, Director of DIME, PMU ChiefProvince) Mr. Heng Sopheang, Chief of Industrial Affair Office, PMU Member

Mr. Im Noy, Chief Industrial Affair Office (District), PMU MemberMr. Neak Sovanna, Vice Chief of Metrology Office, PMU MemberMr. Nhil Bunthoeun, Vice Chief of Power Office, PMU Member

Ponley (S04, Kampong Mr. Horn Souy, Director of DIME, PMU ChiefChhnang Province) Mr. Nouth Sokhom, Deputy Director of DIME, PMU Member

Mr. Pov Sim, Chief of Administration Office, PMU Member

Prasat (M19, Prey Veng Mr. Phok Borey, chief communeProvince) Mr. Sok Pheng, Director of DIME, PMU Chief

Mr. Suon Sokunth Deputy Director of DIME, PMU MemberMr. Bin Ly, Chief of Administration Office, PMU MemberMr. Chea Kakada, Vice Chief Mine Resource Office, PMU MemberMr. Meas Chhuna, Vice Chief Industrial Affair Office, PMUMember

Prek Changkran (M21, Mr. Sok Pheng, Director of DIME, PMU ChiefPrey Veng Province) Mr. Suon Sokunth Deputy Director of DIME, PMU Member


Prey Khmer (S03, Mr. Som Hong, First vice commune chief Rolea PeirKampong Chhnang Mr. Sok Yan, First vice commune chief Andong SnayProvince) Mr. Sor Sorn, Commune chief Cheung Kriev

Mr. Nut Sokhom, PMU RepresentativeMr. Horn Souy, Director of DIME, PMU ChiefMr. Nouth Sokhom, Deputy Director of DIME, PMU MemberMr. Pov Sim, Chief of Administration Office, PMU Member

Roka (M23, Prey Veng Mr. Sok Pheng, Director of DIME, PMU ChiefProvince) Mr. Suon Sokunth Deputy Director of DIME, PMU Member


Sala Lek Prim (S02, Mr. Ek Chen, O'Russey commune chiefKampong Chhnang Mr. Lor Lous, Chouk Sor commune chiefProvince) Mr. Ein Khoeun, Peany commune chief

Mr. Pov Sim, PMU representativeMr. Horn Souy, Director of DIME, PMU ChiefMr. Nouth Sokhom, Deputy Director of DIME, PMU MemberMr. Pov Sim, Chief of Administration Office, PMU Member

.,iI"Annexes 11 DRAFT, 2/24/2003

Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIME/PPWSANVB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

Town Contacts

Srah Chik/Paoy Char Mr. Ky Chhuong, Deputy of Phnom Srok District(M15, Banteay Meanchey Mr. Lath Thang Ham, Commune Chief, Srah ChikProvince) Mr. Ngin Ham, Commune Chief, Poy Char

Mr. Voeuk Ran Deputy, Director of DIME, PMU ChiefMr. Heng Sopheang, Chief of Industrial Affair Office, PMU MemberMr. Im Noy, Chief Industrial Affair Office (District), PMU MemberMr. Neak Sovanna, Vice Chief of Metrology Office, PMU MemberMr. Nhil Bunthoeun, Vice Chief of Power Office, PMU Member

Svay Antor (M20, Prey Mr. Sok Pheng, Director of DIME, PMU ChiefVeng Province) Mr. Suon Sokunth Deputy Director of DIME, PMU Member


Thmor Pourk (M17, Bantey Mr. Kol Mok,Thmor Pourk commune chief andMeanchey Province) Mr. Neam Lheam, Kumrou commune chief.

Mr. Voeuk Ran Deputy, Director of DIME, PMU ChiefMr. Heng Sopheang, Chief of Industrial Affair Office, PMU MemberMr. Im Noy, Chief Industrial Affair Office, (District), PMU MemberMr. Neak Sovanna, Vice Chief of Metrology Office, PMU MemberMr. Nhil Bunthoeun, Vice Chief of Power Office, PMU Member

World Bank supervisionMr. P. lllangovan, Senior Environmental SpecialistMr. Vijay Jagannathan, Task Team LeaderMr. Luiz Tavares, Senior Sanitary Engineer

ConsultantFrank Radstake, Environmental and Water Resources Management AdvisorWith substantive support from GHD/FT.

.AIP'Annexes 111 DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Annex B - Cambodian Environmental Regulations

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

Overall management of the environment lies with the Ministry of Environment (MoE),which was created in 1993. The MoE has wide responsibilities, which are spelled out inthe Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management. At theprovincial and city levels, there are corresponding Provincial/City EnvironmentDepartments. These local departments have the responsibility of enforcing theenvironmental legislation coming under the competence of the MoE. However, the dailyoperational functions of these departments would normally come under the direct controlof the provincial/city authorities.

The development of environmental legislation is one of the Cambodian Government'snational priorities. In November 1996, the Cambodian National Assembly passed theLaw on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management (the frameworkLaw). The Law was prepared with technical and financial assistance from the UnitedNations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations Environment Program(UNEP) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

The objectives of the framework Law are to protect environmental quality through theprevention, reduction and control of pollution, to establish an Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA) system, to ensure sustainable use of natural resources, to encouragepublic participation and to suppress acts which are harmful to the environment. Theframework Law calls for ElAs to be conducted for every private or public project, to bereviewed by the Ministry of Environment before submission to the Government for a finaldecision. All proposed and existing activities are to be covered under this requirement.Sub-decrees are anticipated to provide for the finer details of the system.

The Sub-decree on Environmental Impact Assessment Process, which was issued inDecember 1999, details specific procedures to be followed and the nature and size ofprojects which are required to submit ElAs. Furthermore, draft guidelines have beenprepared for the set-up and contents of the EIA reports). Although still in draft form, theywill be used as the basis for the EIA reports.

WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

Drinking Water Quality standardsThere are currently no official drinking water quality standards in Cambodia. In general,the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines are being applied. Official standardsare however under preparation by MIME and WHO, to be submitted to the CoordinatingCommittee for Development of Water Supply and Sanitation Sector for discussion andsubsequent formal processing.

The proposed water quality standards are included in Annex C, and will be applied forthe proposed water supply system. The recommendations are especially important forthe Arsenic level. As it seems that the WHO guideline of lQpg/l is unrealistic to apply

AiVl Annexes IV DRAFT, 2/24/2003


currently, a (temporary) value of 50pg/l has been proposed for Cambodia. This valuehas also been applied for the current project.

Effluent Discharge standardsThe Ministry of Environment, through its Pollution Control Department (PCD), setseffluent discharge standards in Cambodia. The PCD obtained approval for acomprehensive set of wastewater dischargle standards in April 1999 under the Sub-Decree on Water Pollution Control.

The table below summarizes the effluent standards for effluent discharge into a publicwater area. The complete sub-decree on water quality standards is included in Annex B.The table also provides a comparison with other regional or international effluentstandards.

Cambodian and International effluent standards and guidelinesNo* Parameter Unit Discharge to Discharge to Thailand European World Bank

protected Public water (1996)'- Union (1998)----public water area and (1991)

area sewer2 pH - 6-9 5-9 5.5-90 - 6-93 BOD5 (5 days Mg/f < 30 < 80 < 20 < 25 <50

at 20°C)4 COD Mg/l < 50 < 100 < 120 < 125 < 2505 Total Mg/i < 60 < 120 < 50 < 35 - 60 < 50

SuspendedSolids (TSS)

6 Total Mg/l < 1000 < 2000 < 3000 -

DissolvedSolids (TDS)

7 Grease and Mg/l < 5.0 <15 < 5 mg/I <10oil

8 Detergents Mg/l < 5.0 < 1510 Nitrate (NO3) Mg/l < 5.0 <20 < 100 < 10-15 (s) -15 Phosphate Mg/I < 3.0 < 6.0 - < 1 -2 (s) < 2

(PO4)34 Ammonia Mg/l < 5.0 <7.0 - - <10

(NH3)* From Sub-Decree on Water Pollution Control (Council of Ministers No. ANRK.BK - 06 April 1999), Annex No 2

Notification of the Pollution Control Committee, No. 3, B.E. 2539 (1996) dated August 20, B.E. 2539 (1996) issuedunder Factory Act B.E.2535 (1996), Vol. 113, Part 75 D, dated September 17, B.E. 2539 (1996)

EU, 1991 - Urban Waste Water Treatment (EU Directives 91/271/EEC & 98/15/EEC). (s) for sensitive (eutrophication)areas only; upper limits applies to smaller systems (i.e 10 000 - 100 000 population equivalents)

WB, 1998 - Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook. General Environmental and Manufacturing guidelines

Receiving Water StandardsWater quality standards to be achieved in receiving waters are defined in the sub-decreeon Water Pollution Control (RGC, 1999).

.iIPAnnexes \ DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Receiving water quality standardsRiver Lakes and Reservoirs

1 PH 6.5- 8.5 6.5 - 8.52 BOD5 (5 days at 200C) Mg/l 1 -10 1 - 83 Suspended Solids Mg/l 25- 100 1 - 154 Dissolved Oxygen Mg/l 2.0 - 7.5 2.0 -7.55 Coliform MPN/100ml < 5000 < 10006 Total Nitrogen mg/l No standard 0.1 - 0.67 Total Phosphorus mg/l No standard 0.005 - 0.05

Cambodia has no official bacteriological standards for effluents. In general, it seemsreasonable to link the treatment standards required to the planned and current quality ofthe receiving water. Policy should be to avoid causing deterioration of current waterquality and where possible to improve water quality.

OTHER RELATED NATIONAL REGULATIONS

ConstructionSection 10 of the Cambodian Code of Construction details the implementation of thenecessary procedures required for the protection of the Environment during theexecution of specific work activities. The Code has been prepared by the Ministry ofPublic Work and Transportation (MPWT).

The Sub-decree on Construction Licenses (No. 86, dated December 1997) requireproperty owners in cities to construct a septic tank for the treatment of domestic sanitarysewage from their building. The overflow from the septic tank should then be connectedto the 'sewerage' system.

AI7 Annexes VI DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Annex C - Applied Drinking Water Quality Standards

The following water quality standards are proposed at a seminar workshop on thedevelopment of national drinking water quality standards for Cambodia, Phnom Penh,June 24-25, 2002.

Table 1. Standard Values for Bacteriological QualityBacteria Standard value

(numberl1 OOml)I All drnking water supplies under all E. coli or thermotolerant (fecal) 0

circumstances coliform bacteria11 Treated water entering the E. coli or thermotolerant (fecal) 0

distribution system coliform bacteriaIlIl Treated water in the distribution E. coli or thermotolerant (fecal) 0

system coliform bacteriaTotal Coliforms* 0

In case of large quantities where sufficient samples are examples, it must not be present in 95% ofsamples taken throughout any 12-months period.

Table 2. Standard Values for Chemical Quality: Health significance

A. Inorganic constituentsParameter Maximum level (mg/liter)antimony 0.005arsenic 0.01^barium 1boron 0.5cadmium 0.01chromium 0.05cyanide 0.07fluoride 1.5lead 0.01mercury (total) 0.001molybdenum 0.1nickel 0.02nitrate (as N03') 50nitrite (as NOD 3selenium 0.01

Proposed interim Maximum Allowable Concentration until June 2007:Arsenic 0.01-0.05

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B. Organic constituentsConstituent Maximum level (pglliter)*PesticidesAldrin/Dieldrin 0.03Altrazine 2Chlordane 0.2DDT 2Endrin 0.2Heptachlor and Heptachlor epoxide 0.03Lindane 2

Aromatic hydrocarbonsPetroleum oils & grease 0Benzene 10Toluene 700Xylene 500Ethylenzene 300Benzo[a]pyrene 0.7

Cyanobacteriacterial toxinsMicrocystin-LR-** 1*Note: The unit used in this table is pg/L =mgN/1000.**Constituents can be added or deleted depending on the pesticides use in Cambodia.***Microcystin-LR is an emerging concem in Cambodia in both urban and rural areas using surface water fordrinking.

Table 3. Standard Values for Physical and Chemical Quality: Aesthetic QualityParameter Level (mg/1)Taste AcceptableOdor AcceptableColor 10 TCUTurbidity 5 NTUAluminum 0.2Ammonia 1.5Chloride 300Copper 2Hardness 300 (as CaCO 3)aHydrogen Sulfide 0.05Iron 0.5Manganese 0.5pH 6.5 - 8.5 (no unit)Silver 0.1Sodium 200Sulfate 500Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) loobZinc 5aTCU - true color unit, NTU - nephelometric turbidity unita Secondary standards; compliance with the standard and analysis are not obligatory.b TDS consist of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates.

-AIAnnexes Vill DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Table 4. Standard Values for Disinfectant and Disinfection By-ProductsParameter* Maximum Level (mg/L)

a. DisinfectantChlorine (residual) 0.2 - 0.5

b. Disinfection By-productsChlorite 0.22,4,6 trichlorophenol 0.2*Formaldehyde 0.9

Trihalomethanes:Bromoform 0.1Dibromochloromethane 0.1Bromodichloromethane 0.06Chloroform 0.2

* Analyze only where chlorination is used for disinfection purposes** Represents health-based guideline value for phenolic substances

Table 5. Standard Values for Radiological ConstituentsConstituents Activity level (Bq/litre)Gross alpha activity 0.1Gross beta activity 1Analyze only when appropriate; not for regular monitoring purposes.

A.iI Annexes IX DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Annex D - World Bank EA Requirements and Guidelines

World Bank EA requirementsWorld Bank procedures for environmental screening are described in the OperationalPolicy 4.01: Environmental Assessment (1999; Annex B of this manual). As the currentproject include major infrastructural works in Phnom Penh, the project has beenassigned to the Category A. This implies the requirement of the preparation of anenvironmental analysis or limited Environmental Assessment. Major environmentalissues to be addressed and mitigated include adverse impacts in terms of arseniccontamination, wastewater discharge, and draw down of groundwater.

Special attention should be paid to public participation, possible involuntary resettlementand compensation for loss of income due to the development of the water supplysystems according to WB regulations (e.g. OD 4.30: Involuntary resettlement). Keyissues include the necessary compensation for land acquisition and the possibledisplacement of people and resettlement. Details are given in the Operations manualson Public Participation and Economic Compensation prepared as separate Volumes.

As most of the necessary constructions for the water supply systems are small,resettlement and land acquisition are not major issues in the current project. However, ifapplicable, the relevant measures have to be addressed and incorporated into the EAreports).

Environmental Safeguard Guidelines for Smaller WS SystemEnvironmental Safeguard guidelines have been applied to the development of smallerpiped water supply systems with less then 2,000 connections (see ESF-OM).

Possible environmental concerns will have to be addressed and mitigation measures tobe incorporated into the formulation and evaluation process of technical alternatives, andhence into the project design, construction, and operation. Necessary environmentalmitigation measures will have to be included in the cost of the water to be provided.

The Project approach for securing compliance with Environmental Safeguards is basedon the following documentation:

Royal Government of * Sub-decree on Water Pollution (1999, No: 27.ANRK.BK)Cambodia * Sub-decree on Environmental Impact Assessment process (2001, No:

72.ANRK.BK)* Guideline for conducting Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report.

Draft only. Ministry of Environment.* Draft Drinking Water Quality Standards (WHO)

World Bank Guidelines * Guidelines on Environmental Assessment (OP and BP 4.01);* Guidelines on Involuntary Resettlement (OP and BP 4.12);* Guidelines on Indigenous People (OD 4.20);* Guidelines on Natural Habitats (OP and BP 4.04).

Monitoring ArrangementsAll Sub-projects will be subject to regular monitoring procedures, as specified in theProject Operations Manual.

Al 7 Annexes x DRAFT, 2/24/2003

Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIMEIPPWSAIWB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

Annex E - WTC Process documentation

GeneralThe meetings and discussions in each town conformed to a set pattern, varied only bythe individual requests for change on the part of the Communes:1. The first day in each Province was devoted to the PMU training and

familiarization workshop.2. On entering a District the teams paid a short courtesy visit to the District

Governor and the senior advisors to reinforce the project objectives and rules,and to seek his/her advice on matters they should take into account in theirsubsequent meetings.

3. The teams would then meet with the Commune Chief(s) and Commune Councilmembers with an established agenda providing for:* Introduction of participants and the facilitator* Briefing on the meeting - why (project information sheet), objectives and

action plan* The project - background, rules, roles and responsibilities, structure and

implementation, and benefits* Feasibility Study - outline of work, technical options, management

options, financial options and costs, tariffs* Open forum - questions and answers* Action planning - arrangements for area-wide meetings of villagers,

schedule for meetings, program for area-wide meetings* Additional roles and responsibilities - Commune support and attendance

at area-wide meetings, roles of Commune Chiefs and Commune before,during and after the village meetings

* Willingness-To-Connect - how to distribute the agreement forms andgenerate the 51% positive return required, The involvement of theCommune Chiefs in collecting the returns and validating the responses,and confirmation and synthesis of agreement.

4. The teams also met with the Village Chiefs and members of the VillageDevelopment Council, if one existed. More often than not the Communepreferred the two meetings to occur together to ensure the same information wasrelated to all parties and that a uniform interpretation of this was resolved. Whereseparate meetings occurred, these followed the same agenda as the meetingswith the Communes.

5. On reaching agreement for the program and timing of the village meetings theteam then departed for another town and meetings there with the Commune andVillage Chiefs. After a space of several days the team returned to conduct thearea-wide meetings, thus allowing time for local organization and arrangementsfor the meetings.

6. The area-wide meetings occurred in each village in a location suitable to thevillagers. The pictorial displays and samples of fittings, meters and materialswere used to support the presentation. The meetings were participatory andencouraged viewpoints and questions. In general the presentation followed thefollowing structure:e Explanation of the purpose of the meeting - indication of the participatory

nature and indication that views were welcome and invited* The project - background and description, socio-economic benefits

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* Presentation of options - summary of Feasibility Study, technical options,financial options, tariffs

* Open forum - questions and answers* Summation and closure

7. Prepared information kits of all relevant information in the Khmer language wereleft with the Commune Chief and Commune members, the Village Chiefs andDevelopment Committee members, and key/influential persons within eachvillage - to ensure that advice could be provided to villagers seeking elaborationconcerning the project.

8. Following work in each group of towns the teams were debriefed in theConsultants' office in Phnom Penh to embody the lessons learned and to refinethe process.

At the conclusion of the above meetings the teams left WTC forms with the CommuneChiefs with instructions for their completion by the villagers. These instructionsrequested that:1. The issue and collection of the forms should be controlled to allow these to be

reconciled later for the calculation of the WTC ratio.2. The forms should be distributed and collected by each Village chief.3. The forms should be verified by the Commune to confirm:

* The signatory was a bona fide head of household, or so authorized* The location of the property was correctly identified* There was only one form from each household* That the signatory was in fact the identified person (most signatures are

in the form of a thumbprint).4. The forms were collected around a week later and brought to the Consultants'

office and subjected to a further audit and recount.5. The forms have been collated, bundled and boxed for future reference, and will

be handed over to MIME for safekeeping.6. During the in-house audit a number of incomplete forms were observed and

separated from the correctly-completed returns. MIME will need to follow-up onthese returns to establish the intent of the signatory, to avoid later disputeregarding the provision of a free connection, or otherwise.

AIl Annexes Xii DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Annex F - Basic data of PHRD Towns

Town District Commune Included Project Villages PopulationBavet (M07, Svay Chantrea Bavet Ta Pov, Ta Boeub, Bavet Leu, Chrork Leav, Bavet Kandal The total population of the service area for Bavet wasRieng Province) estimated by GHD/FT at 6,337 (1,148 houses). The

count of commercial establishments and institutions is12 and 8, respectively.

Boeung Trakoun Thmor Kok Romiet Boeung Trakoun, Samaky The total population of the service area for Boeung(M12, Banteay Pourk Trakunn was estimated by GHD/FT at 2,716 (492Meanchey Province) houses). No count of commercial establishments and

institutions is available.Chheu Kach (M22, Ba Phnom 1-Chheu Kach Chheu Kach, Moat Prey, Raung Damrey, Po Andaut The total population of the service area for Chheu KachPrey Veng Province) 2-Cheueng was estimated by GHD/FT at 3,292 (627 houses). The

Phnom count of commercial establishments and institutions is 5and 11, respectively.

Kampong Chak Romdourl Chak Sang-kae Kampong Chak, Ak Neak The total population of the service area for Kampong(Ml0, Svay Rieng Chak was estimated by GHDIFT at 1,136 (242 houses).Province) The count of commercial establishments and institutions

is 7 and 9, respectively.Kandieng Reay Svay Teab 1- Kandieng Reay, Prasot Ti Muoy, Prasot Ti Pir, Banteay, Tourl Angkoub, The total population of the service area for Kandieng(MOO, Svay Rieng 2-Sambour Samaky Reay was estimated by GHD/FT at 2,779 (409 houses).Province) Kampong Ro The count of commercial establishments and institutions

is 10 and 7, respectively.Kraol Kou (MO9, Svay Kraol Kou Prey Nhaoy, Thlork, Kraol Kou The total population of the service area for Krauol KouSvay Rieng Province) Chrum was estimated by GHD/FT at 2,779 (461 houses). The


Neak Loeang (M18, Peam Ro 1- Prek Khsay Kor, Odong, Prek Khsay, Phum Muoy, Phum Pir, Phum Bey, The total population of the service area for Neak LoeangPrey Veng Province) 2- Prek Khsay Khor, Phum Boun, Phum Praim, Phum Praimmuoy, Neak was estimated by GHD/FT at 21,660 persons (maximum

3- Neak Loeang Loeang, Prek Ta Sor - for Option 1) or 3,557 houses. The count ofcommercial establishments and institutions is 45 and 11,respectively.

Ou Smach (M04, Samroang 1- Kreal, 2- Kaun O' Smach, Kiri Mongkul, Rourt Champey, Chrey, Akphiwat, The total population of the service area for Ou SmachOdor Meanchey Kreal Chamkar Chek was estimated by GHD/FT at 6,875. No count ofProvince) commercial establishments and institutions is available.Phnom Thom / Mongkul 1-O' Prasat Phnom Phnom Thom Tbaung, Phnom Thom Cheung, Phnom The total population of the service area for Phnom ThomPhnom Touch (M13, Borey Thom,2- Phnom Prasat, Phnom Thom Thmey, Chamkar Lork, Anlong Sdey, / Phnom Touch was estimated by GHD/FT at 4,429 (726Banteay Meanchey Touch Kok Thnong Kandal, Phnom Touch Tbaung, Phnom Touch houses). No count of commercial establishments andProvince) Cheung, Thnal Bot, O' Nhor, Monorom, Boeung Raing, institutions is available.

Wat ThmeyPhsar Chub (M16, Preah Net Chub Veary Raoul Chhrouk, Chub, Chakrey, Phnom Chonhchaeng, The total population of the service area for Phsar ChobBanteay Meanchey Preah Kok Loun was estimated by GHD/FT at 5,830 (911 houses). NoProvince) count of commercial establishments and institutions is

available.

AIVAnnexes XiII DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town District Commune Included Project Villages Population

Ponley (S04, Kampong ?? Ponley, Our (includes count of part in Popel Commune), The total population of the service area for Ponley wasKampong Chhnang Chhang Keov Lat, Cheung Khnar, Svay Koy, Sala Khum, Popel, estimated by GHD/FT at 6,204 (1,128 houses).Province) Kon Seng, Dok Poar, Khork, Trapeang Poar, Ta PangPrasat (M19, Prey Kampong Prasat Chambak, Prasat, Dorng Tung, Poim Wat The total population of the service area for Prasat wasVeng Province) Trabaek estimated by GHD/FT at 3,103 (591houses). The count

of commercial establishments and institutions is 113 and8, respectively.

Prek Changkran Sithor 1- Prek Changkran, Prek Sandek, Prek Changkran Leu, Prek Chankran Krom, The total population of the service area for Preaek(M21, Prey Veng Kandal 2- Lve Ba Prey, Prek Phnov, Lve, Ambaeng Chres, Kaong Tonle Changkran was estimated by GHD/FT at 6,893 (1,313Province) Krom, Kaong Tonle Leu houses). The count of commercial establishments and

institutions is 4 and 13, respectively.Prey Khmer (S03, Kampong ?? Chea Rov, Andong Chros, Prey Khmer, Trapeang Trach, The total population of the service area for Prey KhmerKampong Chhnang Chhang Krous, Spok Reach, Andong Chrey, Andong Snay, Tang was estimated by GHD/FT at houses.Province) Bampong, Tuek Chenh, Andong Chek, Luong, Pring

Kaong, Ta LouRoka (M23, Prey Pea Raeng Roka Ruessey Chhouk, Trakiet, Thnaot, Roka, Snay Pol The total population of the service area for Roka wasVeng Province) estimated by GHD/FT at 8,400 (1,600 houses). The

count of commercial establishments and institutions is 7and 15, respectively.

Sala Lek Prim (S02, Kampong ?? Sala Lek Praim, O'Ruessei, Sre Prey, Chan Keak, Kror The total population of the service area for Sala LekKampong Chhnang Chhang Lagn, Chrok Romeat (also part in Chhuk Sar Commune), Prim was estimated by GHD/FT at 7,156 (1301Province) Chrok Romeat (included above), Ta Aot, Soben, Popel households). The count of commercial establishments

and institutions is 16 and 14, respectively.Srah Chik/Paoy Char Phnom 1- Srah Chik, 2- Moat Srah, Srah Chhouk Khang Lech, Srah Chik, Kandal The total population of the service area for Srah(M15, Banteay Srok Phnom Dey, 3- Khang Lech, Kandal Khang Kaeut, Srah Chhouk Khang Chik/Poy Char was estimated by GHD/FT at 4,731 (763Meanchey Province) Paoy Char Kaeut, Traing, Paoy Char, Trapaing Thmor Tbaung, houses). No count of commercial establishments and

Trapaing Thmor Cheung, Trapaing Thmor Kandal, Paoy Ta institutions is available.Ong, Paoy Snourl

Svay Antor (M20, Prey Veng Svay Antor Svay Antor Ti Pir, Thlav, Po Chendaim, Svay Antor Ti The total population of the service area for Svay AntorPrey Veng Province) Muoy was estimated by GHD/FT at 6,589 (1,198 houses). The


Thmor Pourk (M17. Thma 1-Thmor Pourk, 2- Thmor Pourk, Neak Ta, Wat Chas, Kasen, Svay, Phsar The total population of the service area for Thma PourkBantey Meanchey Pourk Kumrou Thmey, Aekapheap, Kumrou, Andaung Khlong was estimated by GHD/FT at 7,665 (1,474 houses). NoProvince) count of commercial establishments and institutions is

availble.

-IrVAnnexes XIV DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Annex G - Main data of Proposed Projects for PHRD Towns

Town Project Summary Infrastructure-listBavet (Boeung The project will provide piped water supply for an estimated population of 6,337 * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores and the establishment of aTrakoun) persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the treatment plant on the land identified by the Commune, behind the

service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the population existing Commune office.in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required water demand (ADP) * Treatment comprising aeration, disinfection and pH correction withof 535 m3/day. Coverage comprises a service area encompassing the central town lime dosing.and the development along NR1 to, and including the intemational border market. * Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the

system.The water source will be groundwater, to be abstracted via deep bores. The necessary * Distribution network along the main roads, comprising a servicetreatment will be applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality standards. area encompassing the central town and the development alongA treatment plant will be established on the land identified by the Commune, behind NR1 to, and including the intemational border market.the existing Commune office. Treatment will comprise aeration, disinfection and pH * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it iscorrection with lime dosing. Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump assumed that household 'water jar' storage will continue to beinto the system. A single metered connection will be provided to each house, where it used.is assumed that

Boeung Trakoun The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 2,716 * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores(Chheu Kach) persons (492 households), with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the * The establishment of a treatment plant on the land identified by the

population within the service area at 40 Ucd, increasing to 60 Ilcd and serving 90 Commune to the south of the NPA development area.percent of the population in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a * Treatment comprising aeration, chemical dosing and sedimentation,required water demand (ADP) of 260 m3/day. slow sand filter and disinfection.

* Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into theThe water source will be groundwater through 2 deep bores. The necessary treatment system.will be applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality standards. The * Distribution network along the main roads.treatment plant will be located on the land identified by the Commune to the south of * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it isthe NPA development area. Treatment comprises aeration, chemical dosing and assumed that household 'water jar' storage will continue to besedimentation, slow sand filter and disinfection. Water will be pumpd from a edClearwater tank through a booster pump into the system. A single metered connection uswil be provided to each house, where it is assumed that household 'water jar' storagewill continue to be used.

Chheu Kach The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 3,461 * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores north of the town;(Kampong persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the * The establishment of a treatment plant on nearby unutilised landChak) service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the population adjacent to the secondary road running to the north of the town. The

in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required water demand (ADP) Commune indicated an area of land along this road on that could beof 330 m3/ day. Coverage comprises the central town area and the development along made available. Treatment comprising aeration, and disinfection.the roads to the south and west from the town. * Pumping from a clearwater tank through a booster pump into the

system.The water source will be groundwater, abstracted through deep bores north of the * Distribution network, comprising the central town area and thetwon. The necessary treatment will be applied to comply with Cambodian drinking development along the roads to the south and west from the town.water quality standards. A treatment plant will be located on nearby unutilised land * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it isadjacent to the secondary road running to the north of the town. The Commune assumed that household "water jar" storage will continue to beindicated an area of land along this road on that could be made available. Treatment used.will comprise aeration, and disinfection Water will be pumped from a Clearwater tankthrough a booster pump into the system A single metered c

Kampong Chak The project will provide piped water supply for 242 households. The service area * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores.

.IP'$Annexes xv DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town Project-Summary Infrastructure_list(Kandieng comprises the central area of the town, the development along the main road through * The establishment of a treatment plant on nearby unutilised land orReay) the town, and for the short distances along the secondary roads The serviced at the rear of the District/Commune offices. The treatment facility

population is estimated at 1,336 persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 will comprise aeration and disinfection;percent of the population within the service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and * Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into theserving 90 percent of the population in the service area. Preliminary calculations system;indicate a required water demand (ADP) of 215 m3/day. * Distribution network, comprising the central area of the town, the

development along the main road through the town, and for theGroundwater will abstraction via deep bores The necessary treatment will be applied short distances along the secondary roads;to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality standards A a small treatment plant * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it ison nearby unutilised land or at the rear of the District/Commune offices. Treatment will assumed that household 'water jar" storage will continue to becomprise aeration and disinfection A single metered connection will be provided to used.each house, where it is assumed that household 'water jar' storage will continue to beused.

Kandieng Reay The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 2,258 * Groundwater abstraction via a deep bore;(Kraol Kou) persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the * The establishment of a treatment piant on the land identified by the

service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the Commune, to the south of the town.population in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required water * Treatment comprising aeration, disinfection and pH correction withdemand (ADP) of 255 m3/day. lime dosing.

* Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into theThe water source will be groundwater via a deep bore. The necessary treatment will systembe applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality standards. A treatment * Coverage comprising the service area delineated on the Feasibilityplant will be located on the land identified by the Commune, to the south of the town. Study Plans.Treatment will comprise aeration, disinfection and pH correction with lime dosing * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it isWater will be pumped from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the system assumed that household 'water jar' storage will continue to beA single metered connection will be provided to each house, where it is assumed that used.household 'water jar" storage will continue to be used.

Kraol Kou (Neak The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 2,545 * Groundwater abstraction via a deep bore;Loeang) persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the * The establishment of a treatment plant on the land identified by the

service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the Commune. The treatment facility situated on the land identified bypopulation in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required water the Communedemand (ADP) of 238 m3/day. * Treatment comprising aeration, disinfection and pH correction with

lime dosing.Groundwater will be abstracted via a deep bore. The necessary treatment will be * Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into theapplied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality standards. A treatment plant system.on the land identified by the Commune. Treatment will comprise aeration, disinfection * Distribution network along the main roads.and pH correction with lime dosing. Water will be pumped from a Clearwater tank * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it isthrough a booster pump into the system. A single metered connection will be provided assumed that household "water Jar" storage will continue to beto each house, where it is assumed that household 'water jar' storage will continue to used.be used

Neak Loeang The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 21,660 * Supply source to be surface water from the Mekong River or(Ou Smach) persons (maximum - for Option 1), with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of groundwater abstraction via deep bores, (the groundwater option

the population within the service area at 40 L/c.d, increasing to 60 L/c.d and serving being that fully costed and analysed, and the impact of surface90 percent of the population in the service area Preliminary calculations indicate a water treatment being assessed)required water demand (ADP) of 1,860 m3/ day. * The establishment of a treatment plant on the land identified by the

District and Communes, on the river bank opposite the ArmyFollowing a detailed analysis in the FS Study, the bore option has been adopted as headquarters.the most economical supply option The pattern of existing bores has indicated the * Treatment to WHO guideline values' for health-based parameters,

AIV'Annexes XVI DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town Project-Summary Infrastructure-listbest target location for boreholes is along the secondary road at the treatment plant and as close as practicable to WHO values for aesthetic factorssite, and the installation of 6 boreholes has been costed. To meet future demands, (treatment requirements to vary according to supply sourceadditional boreholes can be located on adjacent land further to the north or south as adopted).the target zone is expected to follow the river. * Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the

system.The proposed location is for a small array of six bores to be located north and south of * Distribution network along the main roads. The system to be basedthe identified site for the treatment plant, on the river bank, 800 m on a single supply zone, but the option of three zones to be

assessed, and the impact determined.* A single metered connection provided to each house, where it is

assumed that household 'water jar" storage will continue to beused.

Ou Smach The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 6,875 * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores;(Phnom Thom/ persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the * The establishment of a treatment plant on the land identified by thePhnom Touch) service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the population Commune, above and to the immediate south of the new

in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required water demand (ADP) development area.of 500 m3/day. * Treatment comprising aeration, disinfection.

* Pumping to the treatment plant and a Clearwater tank/reservoir,Groundwater abstraction via deep bores. The necessary treatment will be applied to then under gravity pressure into the network system.comply with Cambodian drinking water quality standards. The treatment plant will be * Distribution network along the main roads.located on the land identified by the Commune, above and to the immediate south of * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it isthe new development area. Treatment will comprise aeration and disinfection. Water assumed that household 'water jar' storage will continue to bewill be pumped to the treatment plant and a Clearwater tank/reservoir, then under used tgravity pressure into the network system. A single metered connection will be providedto each house, where it is assumed that household water jar' storage will continue tobe used.

Phnom Thom / The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 10,049 * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores, and the establishment of aPhnom Touch persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the treatment plant on the land identified by the Commune, above and(Phsar Chub) service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the population to the west of the Phnom Thom center.in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required water resource * Pumping to the treatment plant and a Clearwater tank/reservoir fromdemand (ADP) at year seven and consumption of 60 I/cd of 850 m3/ day for the the borefield, then re-pumping into a single network system toCombined Scheme (or 435 m3/ day, Phnom Thom only). supply both towns.

* Distribution network atong the main roads.Groundwater abstraction via deep bores. The necessary treatment will be applied to * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it iscomply with Cambodian drinking water quality standards. A treatment plant will be assumed that household 'water jar' storage wilt continue to belocated on the land identified by the Commune, above and to the west of the Phnom used.Thom center. Treatment comprises aeration and disinfection. Water will be pumped tothe treatment plant and a clearwater tank/reservoir from the borefield, then re-pumpinginto a single network system to supply both towns. A single metered connection will beprovided to each house, where it is assumed that ho

Phsar Chub The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 4,535 * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores.(Ponley) persons in 832 households, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the * The establishment of a treatment plant on the land identified by the

population within the service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 District and Commune behind the existing DIME warehousepercent of the population in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a * Treatment comprising aeration, pH adjustment and disinfection.required water resource demand (ADP), at year seven and with a consumption of 60 * Distribution network along the main roads. Distribution to the town inI/cd, of 460 m3/ day. three separate supply zones at different pressures, the High Zone

serving 120 houses boosted to a head of approx 134 m, a Low

.. IFOAnnexes XVII DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town Project-Summary Infrastructure listThe water source will be groundwater, to be abstracted via deep bores. The necessary zone comprising two thirds of the town served direct from the CWTtreatment will be applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality standards. by gravity feed at 106 m head, and a Mid zone of about 100 housesA treatment plant will be located on the land identified by the District and Commune at a head of 121.5 m.behind the existing DIME warehouse. Treatment comprises aeration, pH adjustment * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it isand disinfection Distribution to the town in three separate supply zones at different assumed that household 'water jar' storage will continue to bepressures, the High Zone serving 120 houses boosted to a head of approx. 134 m, a used.Low zone comprising two thirds of the town served direct from the CWT by gravity fe

Ponley (Prasat) The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 6,204 * Groundwater abstraction via deep borespersons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the * The establishment of a treatment plant on the land identified by theservice area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the population District and Communes behind the District Office.in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required water demand (ADP) * Treatment comprising aeration, disinfection.of 560 m3/ day. * Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the

system.Groundwater will be abstracted via deep bores The necessary treatment will be Distribution network along the main roads.applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality standards. A treatment plant A single metered connection provided to each house, where it iswill be estabisihed on the land identified by the District and Communes behind the assumed that household 'water jar" storage will continue to beDistrict Office. Treatment comprises aeration and disinfection. Water will be pumped used.from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the system. A single meteredconnection will be provided to each house, where it is assumed that household 'waterjar'.

Prasat (Prek The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 7,091 * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores;Changkran) persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the * The establishment of a treatment plant on the land identified by the

service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the population District and Commune at the southem extremity of the town.in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required water demand (ADP) * Treatment comprising aeration and disinfection.of 353 m3/ day. * Pumping from the Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the

network system serving the town.Groundwater will be abstracted via deep bores. The necessary treatment will be * Distribution network along the main roads.applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality standards. A treatment plant * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it iswill be located on the land identified by the District and Commune at the southern assumed that household 'water jar' storage will continue to beextremity of the town. Treatment comprises aeration and disinfection. Water will be used.pumped from the clearwater tank through a booster pump into the network systemserving the town. A single metered connection will be provided to each house, where itis assumed that household 'water jar' storage will continue to be used.

Prek Changkran The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 6,893 * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores.(Prey Khmer) persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the * The establishment of a treatment plant on the land identified by the

service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the population Commune.in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a design water demand (ADP) of * Treatment comprising aeration, slow sand filters and disinfection.630 m3/ day. * Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the

systemThe water source will be groundwater, to beabstractred through deep wells The * Distribution network along the main roads.necessary treatment will be applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it isstandards. A treatment plant will be established on the land identified by the assumed that household 'water jar" storage will continue to beCommune, comprising of aeration, slow sand filters and disinfection. The treated water used.will be pumped from a clearwater tank through a booster pump into the system. Thedistribution network will be located along the main roads A single metered connectionwill be provided to each house, where it is assumed that household 'water jar" storagewill continue to be used

I4 P'1Annexes XVIII DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town Project-Summary Infrastructure-listPrey Khmer The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 7,672 (Option * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores.(Roka) 1) or 3905 (Option2) persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the * The establishment of a treatment plant on the land identified by the

population within the service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 Commune.percent of the population in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a * Treatment comprising aeration, slow sand filters and disinfection.required raw water resource demand (ADP) at year seven and consumption of 60 I/cd * Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into theof 670 m3/ day. system.

* Distribution network along the main roads.The water source will be groundwater, to be abstracted through deep bores. The * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it isnecessary treatment will be applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality assumed that household 'water jar' storage will continue to bestandards. A treatment plant will be located on the land identified by the Commune used.opposite the Commune Office. Treatment will comprise aeration and disinfection.Treated water will be pumped from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into thesystem. A single metered connection provided to each house, where it is assumedthat household 'water jar' storage will continue to be used.

Roka (Sala Lek The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 3,340 * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores, the establishment of aPrim) persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the treatment plant on the land identified by the Commune, behind theservice area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the population Commune office.in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required water demand (ADP) * Treatment comprising aeration, disinfection and pH correction withof 780 m3/ day. lime dosing.

* Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into theThe water source will be groundwater, to be abstracted through deep bores. The system, or through a transfer pump to a reservoir located adjacentnecessary treatment will be applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality to the treatment facility and then gravity reticulation to the servicestandards. A treatment plant will be located on the land identified by the Commune area.opposite the Commune Office. Treatment will comprise aeration and disinfection. * Distribution network along the main roads.Treated water will be pumped from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it issystem. A single metered connection provided to each house, where it is assumed assumed that household 'water jar' storage will continue to bethat household "water jar' storage will continue to be used. used.

Sala Lek Prim The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 7156 * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores.(Srah Chik/Paoy persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the * The establishment of a treatment plant on the land identified by theChar) service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 Ucd and serving 90 percent of the population District behind the District Office.

in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required raw water demand * Treatment comprising cascade aeration and disinfection.(ADP) of 609 m3/ day. * Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the

system.The water source will be groundwater, to be abstracted through deep bores. The * Distribution network along the main roads.necessary treatment will be applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it isstandards. A treatment plant will be located on land identified by the District behind the assumed that household 'water jar' storage will continue to beDistrict Office (4ha). Treatment will comprise cascade aeration and disinfection. used.Treated water will be pumped from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into thesystem. A single metered connection provided to each house, where it is assumedthat household "water jar' storage will continue to be used.

Srah Chik/Paoy The project will provide piped water supply for a serviced population estimated at * Groundwater supply to Paoy Char and Srah Chik.Char (Svay 8,116 persons in 1,434 households, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of * Treatment process comprising aeration, pH adjustment andAntor) the population within the service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 disinfection (groundwater supplies).

percent of the population in the service area. Srah Preliminary calculations indicate a * Distribution network along the main roads Distribution to the tworequired raw water demand (ADP) for Srah Chik and Paoy Charday is 360 m3lday and towns as separate supply zones.400 m3/day, respectively. * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it is

assumed that household 'water jar' storage will continue to be

AIFAnnexes XIX DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town Project-Summary Infrastructure_list

Surface water or groundwater supply to Paoy Char, and groundwater supply to Srah used.Chik. The necessary treatment will be applied to comply with Cambodian drinkingwater quality standards. The treatment process comprise conventional treatment(surface water supplies) or aeration, pH adjustment and disinfection (groundwatersupplies) The distribution network will be located along the main roads. Distribution tothe two towns will be provided as separate supply zones A single metered connectionwill be provided to each house, where it is assumed that household 'wate

Svay Antor The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 6,613 * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores(Thmor Pourk) persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the * The establishment of a treatment plant on currently unoccupied land

service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd over three years and serving 90 percent of behind the Svay Antor Health Center (land identified by thethe population in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required water Commune behind the District Office is not suitable and its use wouldresource demand (ADP) at year seven and consumption of 60 I/cd of 620 m3/ day increase the tariff required to support the scheme).

* Treatment comprising aeration and disinfection.The water source will be groundwater, to be abstracted through deepbores. The * Pumping from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into thenecessary treatment will be applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality system.standards. A treatment plant will be constructed on currently unoccupied land behind * Distribution network along the main roads.the Svay Antor Health Center (land identified by the Commune behind the District * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it isOffice is not suitable and its use would increase the tariff required to support the assumed that household 'water jar" storage will continue to bescheme). Treatment comprises aeration and disinfection Water will be pumped from a used.clearwater tank through a booster pump into the systemand distribution network. Asingle metered connec

Thmor Pourk The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 7,091 * Groundwater abstraction via deep bores;(Anlong Veng) persons, with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the * The establishment of a treatment plant on the land identified by the

service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the population District and Commune at the southern extremity of the town.in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required treated water resource * Treatment comprising aeration and disinfection.demand (ADP) at year seven and with a consumption of 60 I/cd of 605 m3/day. * Pumping from the Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the

network system serving the town.The water source will be groundwater, to be abstracted through deep bores. The * Distribution network along the main roads.necessary treatment will be applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality * A single metered connection provided to each house, where it isstandards. A treatment plant will be located on the land identified by the District and assumed that household water jar' storage will continue to beCommune at the southem extremity of the town. Treatment comprises aeration and useddisinfection. Water wil be pumping from the Clearwater tank through a booster pumpinto the network system serving the town. A single metered connection provided toeach house, where it is assumed that household 'water Jar" storage will continue to beused

.4 IVAnnexes XX DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Annex H - Water quality sampling results PHRD Towns (GHD/FT, 2002)

Project location Source Descripti Reference Depth pH EC TDS Total Mangane Arseni Chlorid Nitrat Nitrite Fluorld Totalon Iron se c 0 e e Hardness

Unit m Mg/cm mgn mg/i mg/I mg/I mg/I mg/i mg/l mg/i mg/I

WHO Guideline 6.54.5 - 1000 0.3 0.1 10 250 50 3 1.5 No GVBaray Shallow well Baray & 6.7-7.2 1,045- 518- - - - - 425

Krasang 2,065 1,024Chey I

Baray Shallow well Chark Ta 7.1-7.3 237-287 119-144 0.4 0 7 <10 32 1 4 0 0 16Louk

Baray Deep wells 6.4-7.4 350-790 175-385 0.76- 0.5-0.7 30-Oct <28-62 0.6- 0- - 120-425515 1.8 0.005

Bavet Deep wells North 215 25 4 2 50 26 0.33 0 - 1.7 25

Bavet Deep wells South 218 24 4.52 17 8 0.04 0 0.9 15-Oct

Bavet Deep wells East 222 29 4.84 14 7 0.27 0 1 5 0

Bavet Deep wells West 220 22 4.37 28 13 0.02 0 0.9 0

Bavet Deep wells Casino 224 70 5.5 22 11 0.09 - -

Boeung Trakoun Deep wells Town 757 59 6 80 0 82 0 - 11 120Center

Boeung Trakoun Deep wells Near 752 72 7.73 988 0.08 0 86 1 4 70School

Boeuing Trakoun Surface Boeung 756 0 6.84 60 0 69 u - 0.5 40Water Trakoun

Boeung Trakoun Surface NPA Pond 760 0 8.83 104 6 68 30 24 - 100Water _

Chheu Kach Shallow Ref 131 0.15 0 - 2.6 250Wells

Chheu Kach Shallow Ref 120 1.28 0 1 170Wells

Chheu Kach Deep well Vendor 0.04 10 1.8 120

Kampong Chak Deep wells Near DO 100 36 6 81 113 57 0.27 0 0.5 45

Kampong Chak Deep wells Market 105 36 6 73 163 83 1.94 >10<3 0.8 250

Kampong Chak Deep wells North 101 36 6 98 151 76 0.92 0 1.2 25

Kandieng Reay Deep wells East 154 24 6 3 98 212 01 0 1 1 50

Kandieng Reay Deep wells Central 158 30 7.14 70 138 0.1 0 6 1 1 50

Kandieng Reay Deep wells South 163 36 6.43 30 60 0.1 0 - 09 25

Kraol Kou Deep wells EastNVest 28/30 36/30 6.56/6 0 260/98 133/49 0.12/0.3 0 0 001 0 6/0. 80/702 6 8

Kraol Kou Deep wells North 22 36 6 16 305 156 0 03 0 0001 0.8 120

Kraol Kou Deep wells South 27 39 6.33 150 76 0 79 0 0 001 2.4 40

Neak Loeang Surface Mekong Sample I n/a 8.22 231 116 0.57 0 N/T 1 3 120 -water River (at colori-

WTP site) metric___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _S trip

AilP 'Annexes XXI DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Neak Loeang Surface Mekong Sample 2 n/a 8 3 180 91 0 6 0 N/T 1 4 120 -water River (at Strip

WTP site) _______Neak Loeang Deep well Sugar 60 9 NIT 337 0 02 0 100 1.7 54

factory (laboraforbore .y) 120

_______________ ___________ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(strip)Ou Smach Deep wells Casino 435 20 5 71 106 0 76 0 - 1 4 80Ou Smach Deep wells South 466 43 6 63 96 0 91 0 1 2 120Ou Smach Deep wells South 468 25 6 9 212 0 73 0 36 0 7 180Ou Smach Deep wells Centre 473 46 7 6 325 0 05 0 56 1 150Ou Smach Shallow well Centre 474 4 5 06 6 0 99 0 - 0 9 10PhnomThom/ Deep wells Phum 225/PTH1 31 711 195 004 0 100 13 250Phnom Touch Anlong

Sdey .Phnom Thom/ Deep wells Phum 228/ PTH2 17 6 96 355 0 03 0 36 3.3 400Phnom Touch Phnom

ThomCheung I

Phnom Thom/ Deep wells Phum 248/PTH3 20/40- 7 03 309 0 03 0 100 1 6 429Phnom Touch Phnom

ThomTbaung

Phnom Thomr Deep wells Pagoda, S 238/PTO1 33 7 25 253 02 0 12 1 150Phnom Touch end of

PhnomnTouch

Phnom Thoml Deep wells West of 241 /PT02 21 6 79 1227 0 06 < 10 314 10 8 425Phnom Touch Phnom

Touch hillPhnom Thom/ Deep wells Rice mill 247/PTO3 n/a 6 93 328 0 06 0 100 17 425Phnom Touch NE of

PhnomThom

Phsar Chub Deep wells Ice 719 60 564 22 0 37 0 NT 09 40Factory

Phsar Chub Deep wells Pagoda 720 40 593 52 0 66 0 NT 09 80Phsar Chub Surface Large 708 NA 62 27 08 0 NT 1 40

Water PondPhsar Chub Surface Small 709 NA 6 25 30 1 05 10 NT 6 1 40

Water PondPonley Deep wells NR5 -Nth 268 34 7 03 233 98 415 0 < 5 8 14

MuselimHouse _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _

Ponley Deep wells Nr central 271 28 7 01 444 225 NIT NIT 30 NIT 120 -Telecom colorTower Slrap)

Ponley Deep wells Behind 273 38 7 41 553 324 0 03 0 9 (12) 04 32 (120-Commune stnp)

_____ _____ ____ _____ _____ O ffice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Ponley Deep wells NR5 275 n/a 7 34 548 310 N/T 0 18 5 NIT 32 (120-

South of (12) strp)town ctr

.AIfFAnnexes XXII DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Prasat Deep wells North 55 52 6 51 233 114 0 9 30 6 1 90Prasal Deep wells South 56 53 6 42 241 121 1.06 30 12 1.8 100Prasat Deep wells West 61 48 6 52 231 116 0 98 30 6 1 5 90Prek Changkran Deep wells Treatment 120 47 6.71 201 98 0.18 0 - 1 4 0 28 80

_____ _____ ____ _____ _____ Plant S ite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Prek Changkran Deep wells Western 121 60 6 42 535 271 0 53 10 1 3 011 150

end ofleveelbank_

Prek Changkran Deep wells Market nr. 122 36 6 52 288 147 1.1 10 1 5 0.15 80PrekSandekHighSchool

Prek Changkran Deep wells Hospital 123 57 6.39 167 85 1.2 70 - 1 2 0.1 80site__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Prey Khmer Deep wells Treatment 277 20 2 7.24 945 535 2.31 0 100 0 4 NT 80___________________ ~Plant site_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Prey Khmer Deep wells S-W Road 278 16 7.31 555 316 0.09 0 30 1.4 NT 72Prey Khmer Deep wells East Rd, 279 27 7 1044 NT NT NT 90 NT NT NT

__________________p ast W at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Prey Khmer Deep wells NR5 280 20 646 243 140 2 74 0 18 1.1 NT 20

South I_ _ _ _ _ _Roka Deep wells Commune 168 21 5 47 410 208 0.14 < 10 10.4 0 120Roka Deep wells Hospital 144 33 5.71 143 72 0.11 0 4.2 0.1 25Roka Deep wells Centrrl 169 32 f36 260 132 1.07 10 1 3 0 120Roka Deep wells EU Bore 170+ 100 6.66 328 166 0 42 0 1 6 0.03 120Sala Lek Pnm Deep wells NR5 North 186 31 7.16 238 0 17 0.4 0 20 1 6 52Sala Lek Prim Deep wells NR5 280 18 7.3 312 0.38 0 5 0 21 2.4 60

Centre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Sala Lek Prim Deep wells West 282/3 24 7.01 272 0.21 0.3 0 45 5.3 64

Road__ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _Sala Lek Pnm Deep wells East Road 284 28 7 58 245 NT NT 0 24 NT NTSala Lek Prim Deep wells NR5 285 22 7.33 241 NT NT 0 NT NT NT

South ___Srah Chik/Paoy Deep wells Ang 570 1.8 8 44 20 0.53 0 NT 1 25Char Trapeang

ThmorIwest side

Srah ChikiPaoy Deep well Hand- 574 25 6 69 1115 0 07 <10 292 18 > 425Char pump nr

Market P.Char _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Srah ChiktPaoy Deep well Hand- 664 35 6 57 182 014 0 NT 1 420Char pump S.

limit of Pi I~Char__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _

Srah Chik/Paoy Deep well Hand- 688 > 30 7.42 271 097 0 30 0.8 150Char pump at

Dist. OffS Chik _

-APIP"Annexes XXIII DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Srah Chik/Paoy Surface Pond 400 685 n/a 7 22 81 0 89 <10 NT 0 5 50Char water m N

market S__________________ C hik

Srah Chikl/Paoy Deep well Hand- 689 24 6 25 30 0 32 0 NT 1 1 250Char pump nr

town ctr SChik

Svay Antor Deep wells North 226 21 6 52 242 124 0.38 0 1 1 6 130

Svay Antor Deep wells Central 219 42 6 68 262 137 0.12 0 1 7 120

Svay Antor Deep wells South 220 30 6 55 195 102 0 22 0 1 9 60

Svay Antor Deep wells D/Office 223 29 6 59 249 125 0 3 0 1 5 130

Thmor Pourk Shallow well Well THMP-1 Shallow 0 04 0 18 0.87

Thmor Pourk Deep well Deep 132/ 40 - 60 013 0 17 0 36bore, THMP-2 mHospital

Thmor Pourk Shallow well Open well 134 / shallow 0 0 56 0.42THMP-4

Thmor Pourk Pond Old Baray 133/ n/a 3 65 30 n/t 0nr. Wat THMP-3

-IV' Annexes XXIV DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Annex I - Summary of Environmental Conditions PHRD Towns

Town Arsenic_Plan Sanitation-Plan Site_impactsBavet (M07, MIME is aware of the possible risks of higher Arsenic As Bavet is located in the Mekong Delta with higher Located in the Mekong delta, a flat areaSvay Rieng concentrations in wells to be drilled in the Mekong groundwater tables, special attention will be given to with limited natural drainage, the increaseProvince) Delta. The risk however is considered acceptable as onsite sanitation altematives. As the regular septic tanks of wastewater flows may create stagnant

appropriate mitigation measures are incorporated into are not working properly in these areas, the option of water in the residential areas. During thethe project design and preparation process if higher introducing alternative technologies and/or communal wet season, the areas is flushed by theconcentrations are encountered in the drillings facilities (public toilets) will be discussed and large amount of rain, possibly even

investigated as part of the project. flooding.It should be noted that the 'Arsenic problem' generallyapplies to private shallow wells, where people have nochoice in selection the location of the well, and have noresources to provide proper treatment. The PPUWSSPwill develop piped water supply systems, where theboth the source and the treatment can relatively easilybe adjusted according to the local conditions.

Boeung Trakoun Higher Arsenic concentrations are not expected in No significant problems with existing onsite sanitation There are no other important site specific(M12, Banteay Banteay Meanchey Province. Nevertheless, facilities are anticipated. The infiltration capacity of the impacts.Meanchey appropriate mitigation measures are incorporated into soils in Boeung Trakoun is generally good, and the waterProvince) the project design and preparation process if higher table is sufficiently deep.

concentrations are encountered in the drillings.

It should be noted that the 'Arsenic problem' generallyapplies to private shallow wells, where people have nochoice in selection the location of the well, and have noresources to provide proper treatment. The PPUWSSPwill develop piped water supply systems, where theboth the source and the treatment can relatively easilybe adjusted according to the local conditions.

Chheu Kach MIME is aware of the possible risks of higher Arsenic As Chheu Kach is located in the Mekong Delta with a A specific environmental concem in Chheu(M22, Prey Veng concentrations in wells to be drilled in the Mekong high groundwater table, additional attention will be given Kach is the presence of an existing (smale-Province) Delta. The risk however is considered acceptable as to problems related to onsite sanitation. As the regular scale) operator. The development of a

appropriate mitigation measures are incorporated into septic tanks are not working properly in these areas, the larger system will negatively influence tothe project design and preparation process. option of introducing altemative technologies and/or current private operator.

communal facilities (public toilets) will be discussed andIt should be noted that the 'Arsenic problem' generally investigated during the project.applies to private shallow wells, where people have nochoice in selection the location of the well, and have noresources to provide proper treatment. The PPUWSSPwill develop piped water supply systems, where theboth the source and the treatment can relatively easilybe adjusted according to the local conditions.

Kampong Chak MIME is aware of the possible risks of higher Arsenic As Kampong Chak is located in the Mekong Delta with a Located in the Mekong delta, a flat area(M10, Svay concentrations in wells to be drilled in the Mekong high groundwater table, additional attention will be given with limited natural drainage, the increaseRieng Province) Delta. The risk however is considered acceptable as to problems related to onsite sanitation. Regular septic of wastewater flows may create stagnant

AI'Annexes XXV DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town Arsenic-Plan Sanitation_Plan Site_impactsappropriate mitigation measures are incorporated into tanks are not working properly in these areas, and the water in the residential areas During thethe project design and preparation process if higher option of introducing alternative technologies and/or wet season, the areas is flushed by theconcentrations are encountered in the drillings communal facilities (public toilets) will be discussed and large amount of rain, possibly even

investigated during the project. flooding.It should be noted that the 'Arsenic problem' generallyapplies to private shallow wells, where people have nochoice in selection the location of the well, and have noresources to provide proper treatment. The PPUWSSPwill develop piped water supply systems, where theboth the source and the treatment can relatively easilybe adjusted according to the local conditions.

Kandieng Reay MIME is aware of the possible risks of higher Arsenic As Kandieng Reay is located in the Mekong Delta with a Located in the Mekong delta, a flat area(M08, Svay concentrations in wells to be drilled in the Mekong high groundwater table, additional attention will be given with limited natural drainage, the increaseRieng Province) Delta. The risk however is considered acceptable as to problems related to onsite sanitation. As the regular of wastewater flows may create stagnant

appropriate mitigation measures are incorporated into septic tanks are not working properly in these areas, the water in the residential areas. During thethe project design and preparation process if higher option of introducing alternative technologies and/or wet season, the areas is flushed by theconcentrations are encountered in the drillings communal facilities (public toilets) will be discussed and large amount of rain, possibly even


Kraol Kou (MO9, MIME is aware of the possible risks of higher Arsenic As Kraol Kou is located in the Mekong Delta with a high Located in the Mekong delta, a flat areaSvay Rieng concentrations in wells to be dnlled in the Mekong groundwater table, additional attention will be given to with limited natural drainage, the increaseProvince) Delta The risk however is considered acceptable as problems related to onsite sanitation. As the regular of wastewater flows may create stagnant



Neak Loeang MiME is aware of the possible risks of higher Arsenic As Neak Loeang is located in the Mekong Delta with a Located in the Mekong delta, a flat area(MI8, Prey Veng concentrations in wells to be dnlled in the Mekong high groundwater table, additional attention will be given with limited natural drainage, the increaseProvince) Delta. The risk however is considered acceptable as to problems related to onsite sanitation. As the regular of wastewater flows may create stagnant

appropriate mitigation measures are incorporated into septic tanks are not working properly in these areas, the water in the residential areas During thethe project design and preparation process if higher option of introducing alternative technologies and/or wet season, the areas is flushed by theconcentrations are encountered in the drillings communal facilities (public toilets) will be discussed and large amount of rain, possibly even

investigated during the project floodingIt should be noted that the 'Arsenic problem' generally

&IPAnnexes xxvi DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town Arsenic Plan Sanitation-Plan Site-impactsapplies to private shallow wells, where people have nochoice in selection the location of the well, and have noresources to provide proper treatment. The PPUWSSPwill develop piped water supply systems, where theboth the source and the treatment can relatively easilybe adjusted according to the local conditions.

Ou Smach (M04, Higher Arsenic concentrations are not expected in No significant problems with existing onsite sanitation As groundwater will be abstracted from theOdor Meanchey Odor Meanchey Province. Nevertheless, appropriate facilities is anticipated. The infiltration capacity of the sandstone formation with possibleProvince) mitigation measures are incorporated into the project soils in Ou Smach is generally good, and the water table fractures, groundwater pollution may be a

design and preparation process if higher is sufficiently deep. concem. Regular monitoring of upstreamconcentrations are encountered in the drillings. possible polluting activities is required.


Phnom Thom / Higher Arsenic concentratons are not expected in No significant problems with existing onsite sanitation As groundwater may be abstracted fromPhnom Touch Bantey Meanchey Province. Nevertheless, appropriate facilities is anticipated. The infiltration capacity of the the sandstone formation with possible(M13, Banteay mitigation measures are incorporated into the project soils in Phnom Thom and Phnom Touch is generally fractures, groundwater pollution may be aMeanchey design and preparation process if higher good, and the water table is sufficiently deep. concern. Regular monitoring of upstreamProvince) concentrations are encountered in the drillings. possible polluting activities is required.


Phsar Chub Higher Arsenic concentrations are not expected in No significant problems with existing onsite sanitation As groundwater will be abstracted from the(M16, Banteay Bantey Meanchey Province. Nevertheless, appropriate facilities is anticipated. The infiltration capacity of the sandstone formation with possibleMeanchey mitigation measures are incorporated into the project soils in Phsar Chub Touch is generally good, and the fractures, groundwater pollution may be aProvince) design and preparation process if higher water table is sufficiently deep concern. Regular monitoring of upstream

concentrations are encountered in the drillings. possible polluting activities is required.

It should be noted that the 'Arsenic problem' generallyapplies to private shallow wells, where people have nochoice in selection the location of the well, and have noresources to provide proper treatment The PPUWSSPwill develop piped water supply systems, where theboth the source and the treatment can relatively easilybe adjusted according to the local conditions.

Ponley (S04, Higher Arsenic concentrations are not expected in As Ponley is located in the Mekong Delta with a high There are no other important site specificKampong Kampong Chhnang Province. Nevertheless, groundwater table, additional attention will be given to impacts.

... P Annexes XXVII DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town Arsenic_Plan Sanitation_Plan Site_impactsChhnang appropriate mitigation measures are incorporated into problems related to onsite sanitation. As the regularProvince) the project design and preparation process if higher septic tanks are not working property in these areas, the

concentrations are encountered in the drillings. option of introducing alternative technologies and/orcommunal facilities (public toilets) will be discussed and

It should be noted that the 'Arsenic problem' generally investigated during the prolect.applies to private shallow wells, where people have nochoice in selection the location of the well, and have noresources to provide proper treatment The PPUWSSPwill develop piped water supply systems, where theboth the source and the treatment can relatively easilybe adjusted according to the local conditions.

Prasat (Ml 9, MIME is aware of the possible risks of higher Arsenic As Prasat is located in the Mekong Delta with a high Located in the Mekong delta, a flat areaPrey Veng concentrations in wells to be drilled in the Mekong groundwater table, additional attention will be given to with limited natural drainage, the increaseProvince) Delta. The risk however is considered acceptable as problems related to onsite sanitation. As the regular of wastewater flows may create stagnant

appropriate mitigation measures are incorporated into septic tanks are not working properly in these areas, the water in the residential areas During thethe project design and preparation process if higher option of introducing alternative technologies and/or wet season, the areas is flushed by theconcentrations are encountered in the dnllings communal facilities (public toilets) will be assessed and large amount of rain, possibly even

discussed as part of the Sanitation component. floodingIt should be noted that the 'Arsenic problem' generallyapplies to private shallow wells, where people have nochoice in selection the location of the well, and have noresources to provide proper treatment. The PPUWSSPwill develop piped water supply systems, where theboth the source and the treatment can relatively easilybe adjusted according to the local conditions.

Prek Changkran MIME is aware of the possible risks of higher Arsenic As Prasat is located in the Mekong Delta with a high Located in the Mekong delta, a flat area(M21, Prey Veng concentrations in wells to be drilled in the Mekong groundwater table, additional attention will be given to with limited natural drainage, the increaseProvince) Delta. The risk however is considered acceptable as problems related to onsite sanitation. As the regular of wastewater flows may create stagnant



Prey Khmer Higher Arsenic concentrations are not expected in No significant problems with existing onsite sanitation Located in the Mekong delta, a flat area(S03, Kampong Kampong Chhnang Province. Nevertheless, facilities is anticipated The infiltration capacity of the with limited natural drainage, the increaseChhnang appropriate mitigation measures are incorporated into soils in Prey Khmer is generally good, and the water of wastewater flows may create stagnantProvince) the project design and preparation process if higher table is sufficiently deep water in the residential areas During the

concentrations are encountered in the drillings. wet season, the areas is flushed by thelarge amount of rain, possibly even

It should be noted that the 'Arsenic problem' generally floodingapplies to private shallow wells, where people have no

.IIFAnnexes XXViII DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town Arsenic-Plan Sanitation_Plan Site-impactschoice in selection the location of the well, and have noresources to provide proper treatment. The PPUWSSPwill develop piped water supply systems, where theboth the source and the treatment can relatively easilybe adjusted according to the local conditions.

Roka (M23, Prey MIME is aware of the possible risks of higher Arsenic As Roka is located in the Mekong Delta with a high Located in the Mekong delta, a flat areaVeng Province) concentrations in wells to be drilled in the Mekong groundwater table, additional attention will be given to with limited natural drainage, the increase

Delta. The risk however is considered acceptable as problems related to onsite sanitation. Regular septic of wastewater flows may create stagnantappropriate mitigation measures are incorporated into tanks are not working properly in these areas, and the water in the residential areas. During thethe project design and preparation process if higher option of introducing altemative technologies and/or wet season, the areas is flushed by theconcentrations are encountered in the drillings communal facilities (public toilets) will be discussed and large amount of rain, possibly even


Sala Lek Prim Higher Arsenic concentrations are not expected in No significant problems with existing onsite sanitation There are no other important site specific(S02, Kampong Kampong Chhnang Province. Nevertheless, facilities is anticipated. The infiltration capacity of the impacts.Chhnang appropriate mitigation measures are incorporated into soils in Sala Lek Primr is generally good, and the waterProvince) the project design and preparation process if higher table is sufficiently deep.

concentrations are encountered in the drillings.


Srah ChiklPaoy Higher Arsenic concentrations are not expected in Limited problems with existing onsite sanitation facilities Srah Chik and Paoy Char are located onChar (M15, Bantey Meanchey Province. Nevertheless, appropriate is anticipated. The infiltration capacity of the soils in Srah the northem border of the broad alluvialBanteay mitigation measures are incorporated into the project Chik and Paoy Char is generally good, and the water area also referred to as the Tongle-Sap-Meanchey design and preparation process if higher table is sufficiently deep. Mekong plains, a flat area with limitedProvince) concentrations are encountered in the drillings. natural drainage. During the wet season,

the areas is flushed by the large amount ofIt should be noted that the 'Arsenic problem' generally rain, possibly even flooding.applies to private shallow wells, where people have nochoice in selection the location of the well, and have noresources to provide proper treatment. The PPUWSSPwill develop piped water supply systems, where theboth the source and the treatment can relatively easilybe adjusted according to the local conditions.

Svay Antor MIME is aware of the possible risks of higher Arsenic As Svay Antor is located in the Mekong Delta with a high Located in the Mekong delta, a flat area(M20, Prey Veng concentrations in wells to be drilled in the Mekong groundwater table, additional attention will be given to with limited natural drainage, the increase

.IPtAnnexes XXIX DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town Arsenic-Plan Sanitation-Plan Site-impacts

Province) Delta The risk however is considered acceptable as problems related to onsite sanitation. Regular septic of wastewater flows may create stagnantappropriate mitigation measures are incorporated into tanks are not working properly in these areas, and the water in the residential areas. During thethe project design and preparation process if higher option of introducing alternative technologies and/or wet season, the areas is flushed by theconcentrations are encountered in the drillings communal facilities (public toilets) will be discussed and large amount of rain, possibly even


Thmor Pourk Higher Arsenic concentrations are not expected in No significant problems with existing onsite sanitation No specific impacts are foreseen. Drainage(M17, Bantey Bantey Meanchey Province. Nevertheless, appropriate facilities is anticipated The infiltration capacity of the is generally good, and no problems withMeanchey mitigation measures are incorporated into the project soils in Thmor Pourk is generally good, and the water sanitation are anticipated.Province) design and preparation process if higher table is sufficiently deep.

concentrations are encountered in the dnllings.

It should be noted that the 'Arsenic problem' generallyapplies to private shallow wells, where people have nochoice in selection the location of the well, and have noresources to provide proper treatment. The PPUWSSPwill develop piped water supply systems, where theboth the source and the treatment can relatively easilybe adjusted according to the local conditions

.. IF-Annexes xxx DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Annex J - Summary of Social acceptability

Town Tariff WTC Families Community Questions Variation RequestsBavet (M07, 1830 63 1088 Question 1: Will the water tariff be changed? Answer 1: The 1. Ta Boeub - Village requests a minor extension of 100 metersSvay Rieng tariff can only be changed if justified through inflation, and then to the west along NR1 from the present end of the proposedProvince) only through a rigorous process requiring MIME agreement and Service Area.

signoff. Reply: The minor extension can be accommodated in the finaldesign with negligible impacts, whether technical or financial.

Question 2: Will the consumers need to pay a deposit similar tothe electricity supply? Answer 2: Probably - but the details will 2. Chrork Leav - Village requests a similar minor extension ofbe for supplier to resolve with consumers and subject to MIME 100 meters to the south beyond the present end of the proposedapproval Service Area.

Reply: The minor extension can be accommodated in the finaldesign with negligible impacts, whether technical or financial.

3. Bavet Kandal - Village and the Commune Chief request asignificant expansion of 1,800 m, from the eastem end of thepresent Service Area to the Cambodia - Vietnam border. Thejustification was given that the length of road will become adevelopment area. Subsequent information suggests howeverthe main motivation may be to extend the supply to a plannedCasino at the border.Reply The extension raises considerable technical issues. Theincreased length of service will require a significant increase inlarger diameter pipes, and will raise the pressure in the core areaof Bavet town well above the maximum pressure head stipulatedby the project Operations Manual.

The key point however is that the tariffs would need to beincreased significantly to accommodate the extension, andthereby place a financial impost on the whole community forservicing a non-vital commercial activity. It will be difficult tojustify such an outcome within a project that is a poverty-reduction initiative.

It is considered that the new venture would be better placedorganising on-site ground water supplies. Altematively it wouldbe open to the casino venture to enter into a fully-commercialarrangement with the water supply scheme operator.

Boeung Trakoun 2425 75 492 Question 1: Will the reticulation be extended later? The village of Samaky requested to be included in the Service(Ml 2, Banteay Answer 1: This will depend upon town growth and the need for Area, which lead to the inclusion of a further section of thatMeanchey additional water supply services. It will also depend upon the village in the WTC process and the distribution of vVTC forms toProvince) cost and the ability of the operator to obtain a financial return the villagers, after discussion with the team leader. No other

from any further investment. variations were raised, or identified.

Question 2 When will the operation of the water supply schemecommence?

.IFAnnexes XXXI DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town Tariff WTC Families Community Questions Variation Requests

Answer 2: Depends upon a satisfactory WTC return ( > 51% )and finalisation of the loan agreement between the World Bankand the Royal Government, then upon the receipt of acceptablebids for the design build and operation activity Thereforepossibly from late 2003 onwards.

Chheu Kach 1900 93 740 Question 1 When will the project start? 1. The Communes request further extension of the system to the(M22, Prey Veng Answer 1: Depends upon a satisfactory WTC return (> 51%) west around the base of the granite dome behind the town, inProvince) and finalisation of the loan agreement between the World Bank Raung Damrey village.

and the Royal Government, then upon the receipt of acceptable 2. The Communes request further extension of the system to thebids for the design build and operation activity Therefore south, to serve the village of Po Andout.possibly from late 2003 onwards.

The requests have been referred to the water supply engineersQuestion 2 Will the price of water increase? for their review and their responses are as follows.Answer 2 The tariff can only be changed if justified throughinflation, and then only through a rigorous process requiring 1. This extension comes at the extreme end of the scheme someMIME agreement and sign-off. distance from the borehole and treatment site. However it has

been evaluated and it is found that the capital and operatingQuestion 3: Will villagers next to the project town be able to costs would not increase significantly, and there is no adverseconnect free of charge? impact on tariff Approximately a further kilometer can beAnswer 3: In principle the connections are being met within the achievedfinancing arrangements for the project and will only be available The extension requires a modest upgrade of the distributionfor households within the agreed Service Area which have network which has also been included in the scheme to allow forcompleted and returned a WTC form indicating their the increased demand from such an extension.commitment to connect to the scheme. At a later time it would be open to the scheme operator to

provide an elevated tank at the summit of the road, and increaseQuestion 4: What will happen if most villagers use water in small working pressures and throughput to service a further extension,quantities for drinking and cooking only? if this became an economic proposition.Answer 4: The experience elsewhere is that water consumptionactually increases when it becomes more available and is 2. Po Andout is a small village well outside the core town area. Itreticulated directly to the household. It is therefore also likely is built in a linear fashion along the secondary road leading tothat experience in Chheu Kach would show an increase in Chheu Kach, and the development densities are very low. Thisconsumption village does not have the characteristics of a town To includeHowever, if this does not occur, the operator must still ensure this village in the scheme would require that the operatinghe/she has adequate income to run and maintain the scheme, pressures be raised, resulting in increased tariff for the wholeand to treat the water to the prescribed standard. It is therefore town, to serve only around 130 families, only 60 of which havepossible that the operator will, under the supervision of MIME, signified WTC In the Consultants' view this is not a feasibleestablish a minimum monthly charge. proposition.

Kampong Chak 1850 90 352 Question 1: When will the project start? 1 The Commune requested general expansion to unnamed and(M0, Svay Answer 1. This depends on all the rules for the project being unspecified villages.Rieng Province) satisfied, and on a sufficiently encouraging WTC response from

the community. If all these requirements are satisfied probably The request has been reviewed and is difficult to interpret.during 2003. Kampong Chak is a relatively small town comprising strip type

development. Along its spine road it has been mapped from itsQuestion 2: Will the price of water increase? start to its end in rice fields. Similarly all the secondary roadsAnswer 2. Only in terms of inflation so that the costs of the have been mapped through the existing development until thisscheme can continue to be met, but only then if MIME is drops off and the open, surrounding agricultural landssatisfied the increases are justified and required to offset commence.increased costs. At the Technical Interview, the Commune Chief had been most

dIPP'Annexes XXXII DRAFT, 2/24/2003



emphatic that other villages were from 0.8 to 4 km distant, andQuestion 3: Will villagers next to the project town be able to agreed that it could be difficult to service these.connect free of charge? However, the WTC consultative process identified that thereAnswer 3 In principle the connections are being met within the were about 71 houses in two groups within the core area, whichfinancing arrangements for the project and will only be available had not been picked up during the Rapid Field Assessment, andfor households within the service area who have completed and these have been added into the scheme. There could also beretumed a WTC form indicating their commitment to connect to scope for minor extensions at the extremity of the secondarythe scheme. roads and this will be allowed for in the design.

Question 4: What will happen if most villagers use water in smallquantities for drinking and cooking only?Answer 4: It is expected that the experience elsewhere willoccur - where water use increases when it is more convenientand accessible. In principle the consumer will pay according tothe volume used, and depending on the type of water meterused, the monthly charge may be based on the nearest I cubicmeter or one-tenth of a cubic meter.However, the operator must ensure he/she has adequateincome to run and maintain the scheme, and to treat the waterto the prescribed standard. It is therefore possible that theoperator will, under the supervision of MIME, establish aminimum monthly charge.

Kandieng Reay 1810 90 474 Question 1: When will the project start? 1. The Commune requested general expansion to unnamed and(M08, Svay Answer 1: This depends on all the rules for the project being unspecified villages.Rieng Province) satisfied, and on a large enough WTC response from the

community. If all the requirements are met, probably during The request has been reviewed and is difficult to interpret.2003. However there are 19 towns in the Project, and they may Kandieng Reay is a spread out town which is surrounded by ricenot all start at the same time. fields and generally has definitive edges to the surrounding

sparsely developed and open agricultural land. The network inQuestion 2: Will the price of water increase? the suggested scheme is already inclusive of all areas ofAnswer 2: Only in terms of inflation so that the costs of the significant development observed on the periphery of the town,scheme can continue to be met, but MIME will have to satisfied and considered practicable to service at a feasible cost. Networkthe increases are justified and required to offset increased extensions to increase the Service Area will require significantcosts. A rigorous process requiring MIME agreement and upgrading of the pipe size through the whole length of the townsignoff will be laid down in the lease agreement. and higher service pressures. Both of these will add significantly

to capital and on-going costs, without similar increases inQuestion 3: Will villagers next to the project town be able to revenue. The result will be diminishing retums. The tariff wouldconnect free of charge? then have to be increased for all residents, perhaps to more thanAnswer 3: In principle the connection costs are being met within the level MIME views as being acceptable and affordable.the financing arrangements for the project. These will only beavailable for households within the Service Area, who havecompleted and returned a WTC form indicating theircommitment to connect to the scheme.(table continues)

Question 4: What will happen if most villagers use water in smallquantities for drinking and cooking only?Answer 4. It is expected that the experience elsewhere will

4 IdVAnnexes XXXIII DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town Tariff WTC Families Community Questions Variation Requestsoccur - that water use will increase when it is more convenientand accessible.In pnnciple the consumer will pay according to the volume used.Depending on the type of water meter used, the monthly chargemay be based on the nearest I cubic meter or one-tenth of acubic meter However, the operator must ensure he/she hasadequate income to run and maintain the scheme, and to treatthe water to the prescribed standard. It is therefore possible thatthe operator will, under the supervision of MIME, establish aminimum monthly charge.

Kraol Kou (Mo9, 1990 57 495 Question 1: If the consumer uses less than one cubic meter a 1. Kraol Kou -Village requests an minor extension of the networkSvay Rieng month does the consumer have to pay the bill in one cubic along a narrow track to service a number of properties. AroundProvince) meter or for the amount they have used? 250 m of pipeline is required from the main tine from Node Point

Answer 1: In principle the consumer will pay according to the 482, east of the town. The pipeline would run around 200 m fromvolume used Depending on the type of water meter used, the the main network to the start of the houses, then north-east.monthly charge may be based on the nearest 1 cubic meter or Reply: The extension can be accommodated in the final designone-tenth of a cubic meter. However, the operator must ensure with negligible impacts, whether technical or financial.he/she has adequate income to run and maintain the scheme,and to treat the water to the prescribed standard. It is therefore 2. Thlork - Village also requests a minor extension of anpossible that the operator will, under the supervision of MIME, additional 200 m of pipeline beyond Kraol Kou pagoda to serviceestablish a minimum monthly charge. 8 houses.

Reply: The minor extension can be accommodated in the finalQuestion 2: During the rainy season if the consumer does not design with negligible impacts, whether technical or financial.use water will he/she have to pay for the service?Answer 2 See Answer 1 above.

Question 3: The scheme will abstract in large quantities ofgroundwater for the supply to the core area of the town. Will thislead to a fall in the groundwater level with an impact on existingsources such as open wells and bores?Answer 3: The groundwater yields and abstraction rates havebeen assessed, and the new boreholes have been located asfar away from the existing development as practicable. it isconsidered unlikely that the new supply would impact onexisting wells.

Neak Loeang 1675 57 3868 Question 1: Will the water tariff be changed? There were no requests for scheme variation or extension of the(Ml 8, Prey Veng Answer 1: The tariff can only be changed if justified through proposed service area at Neak Loeang.Province) inflation, and then only through a ngorous process requiring

MIME agreement and sign-off.

Question 2 When will the water supply scheme start operating?Answer 2: Depends upon a satisfactory WTC return ( > 51% )and finalisation of the loan agreement between the World Bankand the Royal Government, then upon the receipt of acceptablebids for the design, build and operation activity Thereforeconstruction would possibly start from late 2003 onwards, withcompletion and the start of operation in 2004.

.AIVAnnexes XXXIV DRAFT, 2/24/2003

Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Reportand Sanitation Project (MIME/PPWSAfNB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch

Town Tariff WTC Families Community Questions Variation RequestsQuestion 3: When will construction start?Answer 3: (Same as Answer 2).

Ou Smach (MO4, 1860 82 1250 Question 1: Will the water tariff be changed? There were no requests for scheme variation or extension of theOdor Meanchey Answer 1: The tariff can only be changed if justified through Service Area at O'Smach.Province) inflation, and then only through a rigorous process requiring

MIME agreement and sign-off.

Question 2: When will the water supply scheme start operating?Answer 2: Depends upon a satisfactory WTC return ( > 51 % )and finalisation of the loan agreement between the World Bankand the Royal Govemment, then upon the receipt of acceptablebids for the design, build and operation activity. Thereforeconstruction would possibly start from late 2003 onwards, withcompletion and the start of operation in 2004.

Question 3: Can the village be assured that the water quality willbe maintained?Answer 3: MIME will licence the operator and monitorperformance, including the checking and monitoring of waterquality to new Cambodian drinking water standards.

Phnom Thom / 1955 92 1770 Question 1: Will the water tariff be changed? Answer 1: The Chamkar Lork Village: requests an extension of 200 meters fromPhnom Touch tariff can only be changed if justified through inflation, and then the present end of Service Area at Phnom Thom Cheung.(M13, Banteay only through a rigorous process requiring MIME agreement and Reply: The proposed network already covers the area referred toMeanchey sign-off Matter raised possibly through the lack of familiarity withProvince) comprehending and interpreting the reticulation plan.

Question 2: Why is the tariff rather expensive compared to thecost of water in Phnom Penh? Answer 2: Reference was made Phnom Thom Tboung Village: requests a minor extension of 100to the feasibility study and the relatively high cost of providing meters from the present end of the defined Service Area to thewater to the small community in Phnom Thom. Comparison was south.made to the benefits of scale in Phnom Penh and the high Reply: Again this area is already covered by the proposedresidential densities and consumption relative to network reticulation network. MaKter raised possibly through the lack oflengths and cost. familiarity with using the reticulation plan.

Question 3: Would the team explain more about the 25 meter Anlong Sdey and Kok Thnong Kandal Villages: requestlength of connection to be provided free as part of connection? extensions to reticulation - approximately 300 m south alongAnswer 3: The explanation was provided using the pipe canal in Anlong Sdey.samples, meters and diagrams/ flip charts available to the team Reply: Request can be accommodated in design and within the

tariff nominated.

There were no requests for scheme variation or extension of theService Area at Phnom Touch, other than to request that housesset back from the road should be included in the scheme if theywere prepared to pay the extra connection costs applicable tothis situation.

Phsar Chub 1990 98 980 Question 1: Will the water tariff be increased? There were no requests for scheme variation or extension of the(Ml 6, Banteay Answer 1: Only in terms of inflation so that the costs of the Service AreaMeanchey scheme can continue to be met, but only then if MIME is

,4 IVAnnexes XXXV DRAFT, 2/24/2003

Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply Environmental Assessment Summary Report

and Sanitation Project (MIME/PPWSA/WB) MIME Provincial Towns, First Batch


Province) satisfied the increases are justified and required to offsetincreased costs.

Question 2: When will the water supply scheme start operating?Answer 2. Depends upon a satisfactory WTC return ( > 51 % )and finalisation of the loan agreement between the World Bankand the Royal Government, then upon the receipt of acceptablebids for the design build and operation activity. Thereforepossibly from late 2003 onwards.

Ponley (S04, 1860 78 1213 Question 1: Will the water tariff be changed? 1. Popel Village - requests an extension of 70 meters south fromKampong Answer 1: The tariff can only be changed if justified through Barbaur School and a further 100 meters from NR5 to bring theChhnang inflation, and then only through a rigorous process requiring Service Area into Popel VillageProvince) MIME agreement and sign-off. Reply These relatively minor extensions can be accommodated

in the final design with limited impact, whether technical orQuestion 2: Why is the price expensive compared to the water financial.at Phnom Penh?Answer 2: Explanation was provided regarding the economies 2. Kon Seng Village - requests that the pipeline be extended toof scale of the Phnom Penh water supply services and the per include all the villagecapita costs and lower consumptions of the Ponley Scheme. Reply: The WTC team reflected on the request and after

discussion with the Technical Consultants, extended theQuestion 3: Explanation was sought regarding the connection distribution of the WTC forms and the consultation process tofee and the length of the "free' connection. include the whole village. The total number of houses is 85, butAnswer 3: The explanation was provided. most were already serviced in the scheme. The additional area

can be included in the final design without impact on tariff.

3. Ta Pang Village - requests that the pipeline be extended toinclude this villageReply; The WTC team reflected on the request and afterdiscussion with the Technical Consultants, extended thedistribution of the WTC forms and the consultation process toinclude this village, even though it is located in an adjacentCommune and therefore was not originally envisaged to be in thescheme. The total number of houses is 28. The area can beincluded in the final design without impact on tariff.

Prasat (M 19, 1985 70 586 Question 1: When will construction start? No request for significant variations in the proposed schemePrey Veng Answer 1: Subject to a satisfactory WTC response and were received.Province) compliance with the project rules for inclusion, probably during

2003.

Question 2: Will the scheme be extended eventually outside thecurrent Service Area?Answer 2 This could happen eventually, when the density ofdevelopment and demand will make the extension financiallyviable

Prek Changkran 1995 70 1313 Question 1: Will the water tariff be changed? There were no requests for scheme variation or extension of the(M21, Prey Veng Answer 1: The tariff can only be changed if justified through Service Area at Prek Changkran.

AIFAnnexes XXXVI DRAFT, 2/24/2003



Province) inflation, and then only through a rigorous process requiringMIME agreement and sign-off

Question 2: Why is the price expensive compared to PhnomPenh?Answer 2: The team explained the difference in residentialdensities, and the higher per capita and per volume costs of thestand-alone Prek Changkran Scheme. The explanation alsoreferred to the unusual shape of the Service Area and therelatively high reticulation costs of the scheme.

Prey Khmer 2170 84 1425 Question 1: The water tariff in Prey Khmer is quite high. Is it 1. Andong Snay Commune has requested that the scheme be(S03, Kampong possible to reduce the tariff? Answer 1: The team explained the extended to Andong Snay village of about 800 metres to the eastChhnang minimum standards for the scheme and the various components of NR5Province) and costs - and how the tariff is structured. Reply: The extension to Andong Snay is viable, but will be limited

to 800 m of pipeline.Question 2: If consumers want to save costs by reducingconsumption won't this be a problem for the private operator? 2. The Village Chief of Prey Khmer Village has requested that theAnswer 2: Potentially yes - but the experience elsewhere is that scheme be continued to the south of the Prey Khmer primarywater consumption actually increases when it becomes more school, for a further distance of 250 meters.available and is reticulated directly to the household. Again Reply: This extension does not appear viable, the development isexperience would show that households will increase their sparse and on rising ground. Extension would require higherconsumption. pressures beyond the project operation manual stipulations withHowever, the operator must ensure he/she has adequate a higher operating cost and tariff for all consumers.;---me to run and maintain the scheme, and to treat the waterto the prescribed standard. It is therefore possible that the 3. It was observed that two of the villages (Andong Chros andoperator will, under the supervision of MIME, establish a Cheav Rov) are set back from NR5. It is requested that extraminimum monthly charge. pipes should be incorporated into the network parallel to the mainQuestion 3: Can an improved electricity supply be provided pipes along NR5 - to service these villagestogether with the water supply scheme? Presently power has a Reply: This request can be accommodated in the final designhigh cost, Riel 2,500/kWh and is only available for very limited without increase in tariff.hours.Answer 3' Yes there is potential for this, and the communities'views will be made known to MIME.

Roka (M23, Prey 1815 69 1602 Question 1: Will the scheme and the network be extended 1. Thnaot Village requests an extension of the network in parallelVeng Province) outside the Service Area? to the east village, starting from node point 170 on the plan. The

Answer 1: Subject to the inclusion of the any small additional extension requires 550 m of additional pipeline to service 70areas suggested by the community, after examination and families.technical response by the Consultants, the scheme is intended Reply. This request is accommodated in the final design. Thisto cover the whole of the town. It seems unlikely that piped location was already in the Service Area, but the small diameterwater supply could readily be extended to serve any villages pipe involved had not been explicitly shown on the plans.separated from the town, but it is open to the community torequest this from the scheme operator, once the initial scheme 2. Roka Village also requests an extension of 340 m of pipelineis built and operating. from the main network between node points 1126 and 968 of the

plan. There are 90 families to be served.Question 2. Could the water tariff be reduced lower than the Reply The minor extension can be accommodated in the finalproposed tariff? design with negligible impacts, both technical and financial.Answer 2: The scheme and the minor variations for the Service Some families were already in the Service Area and it isArea and standards of service represent the lowest cost option, estimated that the extra service required is 75 households.

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Town Tariff WTC Families Community Questions Variation Requestsand therefore the lowest tariff

Sala Lek Prim 1885 67 1585 Question 1: Will the water tariff be changed? There were no requests for scheme variation or extension of the(S02, Kampong Answer 1: The tariff can only be changed if justified through Service Area, arising out of the community meetings. HoweverChhnang inflation, and then only through a rigorous process requiring as a result of the recount, the WTC team observed that severalProvince) MIME agreement and sign-off. groups of houses lying to the south-west of NR5 had been

missed in the original Rapid Appraisal survey, as a result ofQuestion 2: When will the water supply scheme start operating? inaccessibility due to flooding at the time.Answer 2: Depends upon a satisfactory WTC return ( > 51% )and finalisation of the loan agreement between the World Bank The extra households numbering 135 houses in Ta Aot andand the Royal Government, then upon the receipt of acceptable Soben Villages have been included in the WTC process. Thebids for the design build and operation activity. Therefore pipeline reticulation to these areas can be accommodatedpossibly from late 2003 onwards. without impact to the advised tariff. Similariy the WTC team

included 101 houses in more sparsely populated surroundings toQuestion 3: If a consumer cannot afford to pay for the water can the south-east of NR5 in Kror Lagn Village within the WTCthe consumer decide to stop - and would there be a charge to process The area is generally outside the more compact centralcut the connection off? core and the ability to service the area's needs has subsequentlyAnswer 3: The WTC process is in effect a commitment by the been confirmed by running a network analysis and it will behouseholder to connect, and remain connected. If the included in the final design. A short extension to include ancircumstances referred to arise, it is likely the operator will first additional 32 houses along NR5, for a length of almost 600 m atestablish a terms of payment that will assist the consumers the northern limit of the designated Service Area, has also beencircumstances confirmed

Srah Chik/Paoy 2030 94 1011 Question 1: Will the water tariff be changed? There were no requests for scheme variation or extension of theChar (M 15, Answer 1 The tariff can only be changed if justified through Service Area.Banteay inflation, and then only through a rigorous process requiringMeanchey MIME agreement and sign-offProvince)

Question 2: When will the water supply scheme start operating?Answer 2: Depends upon a satisfactory WTC return ( > 51% )and finalisation of the loan agreement between the World Bankand the Royal Govemment, then upon the receipt of acceptablebids for the design build and operation activity. Thereforepossibly from late 2003 onwards.

Svay Antor (M20, 1980 72 1170 Question 1: When will the project start? There were no requests or suggestions for expanding thePrey Veng Answer 1: Depends upon a satisfactory WTC return ( > 51%) scheme at Svay Antor.Province) and finalisation of the loan agreement between the World Bank

and the Royal Government, then upon the receipt of acceptablebids for the design build and operation activity Thereforepossibly from late 2003 onwards.

Question 2: Will the price of water increase?Answer 2: Only in terms of inflation so that the costs of thescheme can continue to be met, but only then if MIME issatisfied the increases are justified and required to offsetincreased costs.

Question 3: Will villagers next to the project town be able toconnect free of charge?

AIP'Annexes XXXVIII DRAFT, 2/24/2003


Town Tariff WTC Families Community Questions Variation RequestsAnswer 3: In principle the connections are being met within thefinancing arrangements for the project and will only be availablefor households within the service area who have completed andretumed a WTC form indicating their commitment to connect tothe scheme

Question 4 What will happen if most villagers use water in smallquantities for drinking and cooking only - won't this be aproblem for the private operator?Answer 4: Potentially yes - but the experience elsewhere is thatwater consumption actually increases when it becomes moreavailable and is reticulated directly to the household. Againexperience would show that households will increase theirconsumption.However, the operator must ensure he/she has adequateincome to run and maintain the scheme, and to treat the waterto the prescribed standard. It is therefore possible that theoperator will, under the supervision of MIME, establish aminimum monthly charge.

Thmor Pourk 1930 89 1421 Question 1: Will the reticulation be extended later? There were no requests for a scheme variation at Thmor Pourk.(M17, Bantey Answer 1: This will depend upon town growth and the need forMeanchey additional water supply services. It will also depend upon theProvince) cost and the ability of the operator to obtain a financial retum

from any further investment.

Question 2: When will the operation of the water supply schemecommence?Answer 2: Depends upon a satisfactory WTC return ( > 51%)and finalisation of the loan agreement between the World Bankand the Royal Government, then upon the receipt of acceptablebids for the design build and operation activity. Thereforepossibly from late 2003 onwards.

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environmental assessment summary report mime provincial...

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