CHE 332– INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

CHAPTER 9 – ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT (EIA)

Names:

ZARIQ NAZARUDDIN BIN NAZA BADI

NURUL HAFIZAH BINTI ROSLI

NURUL AFIFAH BINTI MOHD YUSOFF

We should able to:

Explain environmental audit

Discuss Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Differentiate environmental audit and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

What is Environmental Audit??

a general term that can reflect various types of evaluations intended to identify environmental compliance and management system implementation gaps, along with related corrective actions.

In this way they perform an analogous (similar) function to financial audits.

I. Environmental– Site history– Process/materials– Storage of materials above ground or below ground– Air emissions– Water discharges– Liquid/hazardous wastes– Asbestos– Waste disposal

onsiteoffsite

– Oil/chemical spill prevention– Permits/licenses

II. Safety– Special procedures for confined space entry, work on electrical

equipment, breaking into pipelines, etc.

– Safety policy/procedures

– Accident reporting

– Accident recording

– Accident investigation

– Permit to work systems

– Emergency response

– Fire fighting

– Job safety analysis

– Safety training

– Safety communication/promotion

– Housekeeping

– Regulatory compliance

III. Occupational Health– Employee exposure to air contaminants

– Measurements of employee exposure

– Exposure records

– Ventilation/engineering controls

– Personal protective equipment

– Information and training on health hazards

– Exposure to physical agents, e.g., noise, radiation, heat Medical surveillance programme

– Hearing conservation

– First aid

– Regulatory requirements

IV. Product Safety– Product safety programme

– Product quality control

– Product packaging, storage and shipping

– Product recall/withdrawal procedures

– Customer information on product handling and quality

– Regulatory compliance

– Labelling

– Specifications for purchased materials/products/packaging

– Materials safety data

– Vendor qualification programme

– QA testing and inspections

– Record keeping

– Product literature

– Process control

• These audits are intended to review the site's/company's legal compliance status in an operational context.

• Generally begin with determining the applicable compliance requirements against which the operations will be assessed.

• Include federal regulations, state regulations, permits and local ordinances/codes.

• In some cases, it may also include requirements within legal settlements.

• Compliance audits may be multimedia or programmatic.

• Multimedia audits involve identifying and auditing all environmental media (air, water, waste, etc.) that apply to the operation/company.

• Programmatic audits (which may also be called thematic or media-specific) are limited in scope to pre-identified regulatory areas, such as air.

• Audits are also focused on operational aspects of a company/site, rather than the contamination status of the real property.

• Assessments, studies, etc. that involve property contamination/remediation are typically NOT considered an environmental audit.

• ISO 14001 is a voluntary international standard for environmental management systems ("EMS").

• An EMS meeting the requirements of ISO 14001:2004 is a management tool enabling an organization of any size or type to:– Identify and control the environmental impact of its activities, products or services.

– Improve its environmental performance continually

– Implement a systematic approach to setting environmental objectives and targets, to achieving these and to demonstrating that they have been achieved.

safeguard the environment.

verify compliance with local and national laws.

indicate current or potential future problems that need to be addressed.

assess training programmes and provide data to assist in training.

enable companies to build on good environmental performance, give credit where appropriate and highlight deficiencies.

identify potential cost savings, such as from waste minimization.

assist the exchange and comparison of information between different plants or subsidiary companies.

demonstrate company commitment to environmental protection to employees, the public and the authorities.

What is an EIA

‘’ process for identifying the likely consequences for the biophysical environment and for man’s health and welfare of

implementing particular activities and for conveying information at a stage where it can materially affect the

decision, to those for sectioning the proposals ’’. (Wathern,1992),;

http://www.slideshare.net/quercuscymru/environmental-impact-assessment?related=3

So what is an EIA ?

Confusingly :

It is the process of examining the impacts of a development on the environment.

But it is also used to mean the document that is the result of the examination

http://www.slideshare.net/quercuscymru/environmental-impact-assessment?related=3

The purpose of EIA

Helps the decision making

process by providing information

about the consequences of

development

Promotes sustainable development by

identifying environmentally sound

practice and mitigation measures for

developments

What are EIA’s used for ?

Often part of a National planning process for

large scale developments

Developments that need an EIA differ

from country to country

Which developments ?

Major new road networks

Airport and port

developments

Building power

stations

Building dams and reservoirs

QuarryingLarge scale

housing projects

How does an EIA work ?

The EIA needs to be structured with a set of clear aims.

It has to occur during the planning, design and authorisation stage of any development.

It needs to be comprehensive, addressing all potential impacts.

There needs to focus on the potentially significant throughout the EIA process.

There needs to be consultation and public participation throughout the EIA process.

The findings of the EIA should be part of the final decision process.

How does an EIA work ?

• While it is often mainly concerned with the natural environment the effect on man should also be considered.

How does an EIA work ?

Benefits of EIAenvironmental sound and sustainable designs.

compliance with standards

savings in capital and operating costs.

project acceptance by the community

protection of the environment and human health and safety

EIA methodologies

• EIA methodologies – approaches developed to identify, predict and value changes of an action.

• Uses methods and techniques to quantify or to qualify those changes. All aspects and variables can be measured, problem is to value them.

https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/downloadFile/3779577342892/5.%20EIA%20methodologies.pdf

The development of METHODOLOGIES to assess impacts depend on:

a) The relationships between territorial elements (or characteristics) and the actions

b) The specific measurements and the necessary information to estimate the impacts

c) The mitigation measures, compensation and follow-up

3.0 Differences between Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental

Auditing

3.1: Definitions

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING

- process for identifying the likely consequences for the biophysical

environment and for man’s health and welfare of implementing particular

activities and for conveying information at a stage where it can materially affect the decision, to those for sectioning the

proposals

- systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts (effects) of

proposed projects, plans, program or legislative action of the physical,

chemical, biological, cultural and socio-economic components of the total

environmental

- a general term that can reflect various type of a evaluation intended to identify

environmental compliance and management system implementation

gaps, along with related corrective actions.

- systematic documented, periodic and objective review by a regulated entity of facility operations and practices related

to meeting environmental requirements.

3.2: Objectives

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING

- improve the environmental design of the proposal;

- ensure that resources are used appropriately and efficiently;

- identify appropriate measures for mitigating the potential impacts of the proposal

- facilitate informed decision making, including setting the environmental terms and conditions for implementing the proposal.

- to determine how well the environmental management systems and equipment are performing

- verify compliance with the relevant national, local or other laws and regulations

- minimize human exposure to risks from environmental, health and safety problems.

3.3: Goals

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING

- a tool designed to identify and predict the impact of a project on the bio-

geophysical environment and on man's health and well-being, to interpret and

communicate information about the impact, to analyze site and process

alternatives and provide solutions to sift out, or abate/mitigate the negative

consequences on man and the environment.

- a means of avoiding environmental disturbances that are always much more

expensive to correct after their occurrence than before

- management tool used by industry to evaluate its environmental performance

- cannot stand alone and must be integrated in an overall management

system and must include dialogue between the plant manager and people

living in the vicinity.

3.4: BenefitsENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING

- environmental sound and sustainable designs.

- compliance with standards

- savings in capital and operating costs.

- project acceptance by the community

- protection of the environment and human health and safety

- safeguard the environment

- verify compliance with local and national laws

- indicate current or potential future problems that need to be addressed

- assess training programmes and provide data to assist in training

- enable companies to build on good environmental performance, give credit

where appropriate and highlight deficiencies

- identify potential cost savings, such as from waste minimization

- assist the exchange and comparison of information between different plants or

subsidiary companies

Explain what we should do if

the disaster in the video

happens in Malaysia. Give

your best opinion what we

should do.

• http://eia.unu.edu/course/index.html%3Fpage_id=93.html

• http://www.ilo.org/iloenc/part-vii/environmental-policy/item/748-environmental-auditing-definition-and-methodology

• http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/v9933e/v9933e02.htm

• http://www.slideshare.net/gauravhtandon1/environmental-impact-assessment-and-environmental-audit-unit-iii

• http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/759%202.pdf