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Environmental Control System(ECS)

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Outline

• Introduction• Pneumatic Subsystem• Air Conditioning• How it works• Cabin Pressure• Emergency Oxygen

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ECS- Introduction

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Engine Bleeds

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B737 Air-conditioning Panel

B737 Pneumatics panel

Digital Cabin Pressure Control System (DCPCS)

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Pneumatic Subsystem

• Cabin pressurization

• Air conditioning

• Ice Protection

• Cross engine starting

Courtesy: Airplane Design Part IV: Layout Design of Landing Gear and Systems (Pg. 334)

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Air Conditioning

• Control temperature

• Takes air from the engine bleed and cools it

• Air is filtered through purification systems

• 20 ft3 of air per min per passenger

• Avionics equipment require a direct line

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Air Conditioning

12http://www.boeing.com/commercial/cabinair/avi/1newintake.avi

How it Works

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Air enters engine

13http://www.boeing.com/commercial/cabinair/avi/5newpackanim.avi

How it Works

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Passes through a catalytic ozone converter

14http://www.boeing.com/commercial/cabinair/avi/6newpak2statmix.avi

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Enters the air-conditioning packs

Packs = Pneumatic Air Conditioning Kit

15http://www.boeing.com/commercial/cabinair/avi/8mixmanifold.avi

How it Works

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Enters the mixing manifold

16http://www.boeing.com/commercial/cabinair/avi/10maindistribution.avi

How it Works

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Outside air and re-circulated air mix

17http://www.boeing.com/commercial/cabinair/avi/12cabinvents.avi

How it Works

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Air is supplied to cabin

18http://www.boeing.com/commercial/cabinair/avi/13exhaust.avi

How it Works

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Air is exhausted from the airplane

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Emergency Oxygen

• In case of a sudden drop in pressure• Types of systems

– Gaseous (crew)– Chemical (passengers)– Liquid oxygen (military)

• weight • volume

• C-130 has a 25 liter liquid oxygen type system– Provides for 96 man-hours of oxygen at 25,000 feet– Portable units are also available

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http://www.studio2f.com/misc/images/oxygen_masks_deployed.jpg

20http://www.carletonls.com/productsbu/aviationo2/ADV10572.pdf

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Cabin Pressure

• 300 ft/min cabin pressure descending

• 500 ft/min cabin pressure ascending

• Don’t exceed a cabin-to-outside pressure

differential of 8.60 psi (0.6 Bar).

• Current cabin pressure max out at 8,500 ft.

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Future• Lower Cabin Pressure (~6000 ft)

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Other Aircraft Systems

• APU

• Emergency Equipment

• Fire Protection

• Ice & Rain Protection

• Warning Systems

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References

• Jackson, Scott. “Systems Engineering for Commercial Aircraft.” Ashgate Publishing Limited. 1997.

• Roskam, Dr. Jan. “Airplane Design Part IV: Layout Design of Landing Gear and Systems.” Roskam Aviation and Engineering Corporation. 1986.

• http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/c-130-car.htm

• http://www.boeing.com/commercial/cabinair/ecs.pdf

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