20 MCQs and Their Answers

Before Answering the questions, please

preview the following presentation:

http://www.slideshare.net/AhmedRefat/models-of-environmental-

health-indicators

1 The environmental indicator which shows " the volume of fuel used per person per kilometer travelled" is related to a specific typology called:

A. Descriptive indicators (Type A) B. Performance indicators (Type B) C. Efficiency indicators (Type C)

D. Policy-effectiveness indicators (Type D) 2 The environmental indicators which shows the development of a

variable over time are related to a specific typology called :

A. Descriptive indicators (Type A) B. Performance indicators (Type B) C. Efficiency indicators (Type C)

D. Policy-effectiveness indicators (Type D)

3 In " DPSIR Model " , one of the following indicator is related to" I-impact" , in the model:

A. Recycling rate of domestic waste B. Emerging of a specific disease C. Hydrological adjustment D. Land take

E. habitat loss

4 In " DPSIR Model " , one of the following indicator is related to "P-pressure", in the model:

A. Industrial activities B. Landscape modification C. proportion of cars with catalytic converter

D. Level of noise in neighborhood of airport

5 In " P-S-R Model " , the letter "R" refers to:

A. Societal Response

B. Ecosystem Response

C. Natural Resources

D. Human body Response to environmental stressors

6 Indicator which combine information on outcomes and their determinants is called:

A. Lagging indicator B. Hybrid indicator C. Down-stream indicator D. Leading indicator

E. Reactive indicator

7 The Indicator which measures the unexpected failure that occurred in normal operation is called:

A. Lagging indicator B. Proxy indicator C. Leading indicator

D. Reactive indicator E. Up-stream indicator

8 The Indicator which measures inputs of the occupational health and safety program is called:

A. Lagging indicator B. Proxy indicator C. Down-stream indicator D. Leading indicator E. Reactive indicator

9 The environmental Indicator which measures safety-relevant activities in workplaces is called:

A. Lagging indicator B. Proxy indicator C. Down-stream indicator

D. Leading indicator E. Reactive indicator

10 Indicator measuring the " Total number of safety inspectors per 1000 employed workers" is related to :

A. the state of occupational health services enforcement B. the state of occupational health services activities of the personnel

at workplaces C. the state of occupational health services

D. the accessibility of occupational health services 11 The environmental indicators which showing the development of a

variable over time are related to a specific typology called :

A. Descriptive indicators (Type A) B. Performance indicators (Type B) C. Efficiency indicators (Type C) D. Policy-effectiveness indicators (Type D)

12 In " DPSIR Model " , one of the following indicator is related to" I-impact" , in the model:

A. Recycling rate of domestic waste B. Emerging of a specific disease C. Land take D. habitat loss

13 In " P-S-R Model " , the letter "R" refers to:

A. Societal Response B. Ecosystem Response C. Natural Resources D. Human body Response to environmental stressors

14 Indicator which combine information on outcomes and their determinants is called:

A. Lagging indicator B. Hybrid indicator C. Down-stream indicator D. Leading indicator

15 The Indicator which measures inputs of the occupational health and safety program is called:

A. Lagging indicator B. Proxy indicator C. Down-stream indicator D. Leading indicator

16 The environmental Indicator which measures safety-relevant activities in workplaces is called:

A. Lagging indicator B. Proxy indicator C. Down-stream indicator D. Leading indicator

17 The DPSEEA framework was developed on behalf of the World Health Organisation, as a basis for developing environmental health indicators. Which of the following indicators is related to " Action - A" of the framework ?.

A. Urban growth rate B. Total suspended particulates, PM10/PM2.5/black smoke exceeding

the guidelines or C. Carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations in blood D. Policies in place on the import, use, emission and disposal of toxic

chemicals

18 In DEPSEEA model ,the most effective long-term actions, are those that aimed at eliminating or reducing the …… ????????

A. Driving forces – B. Pressures C. State of the environment D. Exposure E. Effects

19 In DEPSEEA model ,the most effective rapid response actions, are those that aimed at eliminating or reducing the …… ????????

A. Driving forces – B. Pressures C. State of the environment D. Exposure E. Effects

20 The DPSEEA framework was developed on behalf of the World Health Organisation, as a basis for developing environmental health indicators. Which of the following indicators is related to " Action - A" of the framework ?.

A. Urban growth rate

B. Total suspended particulates, PM10/PM2.5/black smoke exceeding the guidelines or

C. Carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations in blood

D. Policies in place on the import, use, emission and disposal of toxic chemicals

A Q A Q

A 11 C 1

B 12 A 2

A 13 B 3

B 14 B 4

D 15 A 5

D 16 B 6

D 17 A 7

A 18 D 8

D 19 D 9

D 20 A 10

21- The DPSEEA model was adopted by the WHO as a framework for environmental health indicators. One of theses indicators is “AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF AIR POLLUTANTS

— IN URBAN AREAS”

Taking this indicator into account , discuss the following aspects:

A- Rationale and uses of this indicator.

B- Position of this indicator in DPSEEA model.

C- Linkage of this indicator to other environmental indicators.

D- Interpretation of this indicator

E- Calculation and unit of measurement of this indicator.