environmental impact assessment report for …hppcb.nic.in/shivasc_nahan.pdf · environmental...

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR

‘‘Mining of minor minerals (Sand, Stones & Bajri) over an area of (48-09 Bighas) 4.7415 Ha in Village-Churan, Tahsil Nahan

District- Sirmaur, Himanchal Pradesh ”

SUBMITTED TO:

State Expert Appraisal Committee ,

Department of Environment, Science and Technology

Narayan Villa, Near Wood Villa Palace, Chhota Shimla, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171002

SUBMITTED BY:

M/s- Shiva Stone Crusher and Screening Plant

Kothi No-1090-P; Sector-4

Panchkulla (Haryana)

PREPARED BY

Voyants Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

403 4th Floor, Park Centra, Sector – 30,

Gurgaon, Haryana -122001

December 2013

EIA REPORT Mining of Minor Minerals (4.7415 Hectares)

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Voyants Solutions Pvt. Ltd. M/s-Shiva Stone Crusher and Screening Plant

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.1 PURPOSE OF REPORT ................................................................................................................................ 5

1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT ............................................................. 6

1.2.1 Identification of Project ............................................................................................................... 6

1.3 LEASE STATUS............................................................................................................................................ 7

1.4 BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................ 7

1.5 LEGAL STATUS OF THE PROJECT .......................................................................................................... 8

1.6 LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION ...................................................................................................... 9

1.6.1 Location ....................................................................................................................................... 9

1.6.2 Communication .......................................................................................................................... 11

1.6.3 Basic Amenities .......................................................................................................................... 12

1.7 OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................. 14

1.8 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA ....................................................................................................................... 14

1.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY............................................................................................................................. 15

1.9.1 Data generation ......................................................................................................................... 15

1.9.2 Data Collection .......................................................................................................................... 16

1.9.3 Preparation of EMP .................................................................................................................. 16

1.10 Terms of Refrence ........................................................................................................................................ 18

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................................................... 27

2.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................................... 27

2.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY ............................................................................................................................. 27

2.2.1 LOCAL GEOLOGY: .................................................................................................................. 28

2.2.2 GEOLOGY OF THE LEASE AREA: .......................................................................................... 29

2.2.3 GEOLOGY OF THE LEASE OUT AREA .................................................................................. 29

2.3 RESERVE .................................................................................................................................................... 30

2.4 Total Mineable Reserve ................................................................................................................................ 32

2.5 Mine Development ....................................................................................................................................... 34

2.5.1 Year Wise Development of Mine ................................................................................................ 36

2.6 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION ................................................................................................................ 46

2.7 WASTE GENERATION .............................................................................................................................. 46

2.8 TRANSPORTATION .................................................................................................................................. 47

2.9 ANTICIPATED LIFE OF MINE ................................................................................................................. 49

2.10 USE OF MINERAL ..................................................................................................................................... 49

2.11 UTILITIES AND PROPOSED SITE FACILITIES ..................................................................................... 49

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................... 51

3.1 Study Area .................................................................................................................................................... 51

3.2 Sources of Environmental Data .................................................................................................................... 51

3.3 Aspect Studied .............................................................................................................................................. 51

3.3.1 TOPOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................................... 52

3.3.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................... 52

3.3.3 CLIMATIC CONDITION ........................................................................................................... 53

3.3.4 SEISMICITY OF AREA ............................................................................................................. 53

3.3.5 HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS .................................................................................................... 55

3.3.6 ATMOSPHERIC CONDITION .................................................................................................. 59

3.3.7 BIOLOGICAL EVIRONMENT .................................................................................................. 77


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3.3.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................... 97

4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................... 101

4.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE ........................................................................................................................ 101

4.2 OPERATION PHASE ................................................................................................................................ 101

4.2.1 IMPACT ON TOPOGRAPHY& DRAINAGE .......................................................................... 101

4.2.2 IMPACTS ON CLIMATE ......................................................................................................... 102

4.2.3 IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ............................................................................................... 103

4.2.4 IMPACT OF NOISE POLLUTION .......................................................................................... 105

4.2.5 IMPACT ON HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ..................................................................... 107

4.2.6 IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY ............................................................................................. 108

4.2.7 IMPACT ON FLORA ............................................................................................................... 108

4.2.8 IMPACT ON FAUNA .............................................................................................................. 108

4.2.9 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................... 109

4.2.10 IMPACT ON SOIL ................................................................................................................... 109

4.2.11 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ............................................................. 109

5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ...................................................................................... 112

5.1 ENVIRONMRNTAL MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................... 112

5.2 RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL (EMC) ................................ 113

5.3 MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS ................................................................................ 113

5.4 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ............................................ 113

6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES: DISASTER MANAGEMENT .................................................................................. 115

6.1 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................................... 115

6.2 Measures to Prevent Accidents Due to Trucks and Dumpers ..................................................................... 116

6.3 Other Possible Measures to Avoid Risks/ Disaster Due to mining of minor mineral ................................. 116

7 PROJECT BENEFITS ............................................................................................................................................ 118

8 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................................................................................... 119

8.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................... 119

8.1.1 Prevention and Control of Air Pollution .................................................................................. 120

8.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................................... 120

8.2.1 Noise Abatement and Control .................................................................................................. 120

8.3 WATER MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 120

8.3.1 Surface & Ground Water Management ................................................................................... 120

8.3.2 Waste Water Management ....................................................................................................... 120

8.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................ 121

8.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT.............................................................................................................. 121

8.6 SOCIO – ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................. 122

8.6.1 Management Plan for Socio-Economic Environment .............................................................. 122

9 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................................ 123

9.1 AVAILABLITY OF FUNDS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MEASURES .............................. 123

9.2 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ........................................................................................................... 123

9.3 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ............................................ 124

9.4 RECOMMENDATION .............................................................................................................................. 124


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List of Tables

Table 1.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT .............................................................................................................. 7

Table 1.2 List of Approval from concern departments ....................................................................................................... 8

Table 1.3: Production Details of Five Years ..................................................................................................................... 9

Table 1.4: DATA GENERATION .................................................................................................................................... 15

Table 2.1: Lithostratigraphy of the effective catchment of Gumti Ki Nadi ...................................................................... 28

Table 2.2: PRODUCTION PLAN FOR FIVE YEARS .................................................................................................... 46

Table 2.3: Waste Generated During Five Year of Mining Period .................................................................................... 46

Table 2.4: PEAK WATER REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................ 49

Table 3.1: Earthquakes stastistics for a decade ................................................................................................................... 54

Table 3.2: Climatological summary of Chandigarh for the year 1951 – 1980. ................................................................. 59

Table 3.3: Air Monitoring Locations ................................................................................................................................ 60

Table 3.4: PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING VARIOUS AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS .................................... 61

Table 3.5: Ambient Air Quality (PM10 24-hr Concentration in ug/cum) ......................................................................... 61

Table 3.6: Free silica in PM10

........................................................................................................................................... 62

Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality ........................................................................................................................................ 62

Table 3.8: Ambient Air Quality ........................................................................................................................................ 62

Table 3.9: LOCATION OF NOISE MONITORING STATIONS .................................................................................... 64

Table 3.10: NOISE LEVEL OF STUDIED AREA .......................................................................................................... 64

Table 3.11: LOCATION OF SOIL QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS .................................................................. 66

Table 3.12: SOIL SAMPLE ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................... 67

Table 3.13: Details of Ground Water Sampling Location ................................................................................................ 70

Table 3.14: Details of Ground Water Sampling Result .................................................................................................... 70

Table 3.15: Details of Surface Water Sampling Locations ............................................................................................... 73

Table 3.16: Results of Surface Water Samples ................................................................................................................. 73

Table 3.17: Land Use Pattern Based on Satellite Image ................................................................................................... 76

Table 3.18: List of Common plant species observed in the study area ............................................................................. 83

Table 3.19: Common Animals found in the Study Area ................................................................................................... 92

Table 3.20: Common Reptiles found in the Study Area ................................................................................................... 93

Table 3.21: List of Avifauna observed in the Study Area ................................................................................................. 94

Table 3.22: Study Area around the Proposed Site ............................................................................................................ 98

.Table 3.23: Study Area details ......................................................................................................................................... 98

.Table 3.24: Population of Study Area.............................................................................................................................. 98

Table 3.25: Literacy Rate in Study Area .......................................................................................................................... 99

Table 3.26: Fruit Yield in District Sirmour and their annual Production ....................................................................... 100

Table 4.1: Cumulative Concentration of PM10 (Baseline + Incremental) ....................................................................... 104

`Table 4.2: Noise Generated by Different Machinery ..................................................................................................... 105

Table 4.3: Free Noise Attenuation with Distance ........................................................................................................... 105

Table 4.4: PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE IN CASES OF CONTINUOUS NOISE (GOI) .............................................. 106

Table 4.5: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD IN RESPECT OF NOISE .................................................. 106

Table 4.6: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT MATRIX ............................................................................................ 111

`Table 5.1: MONITORING SCHEDULEAND PARAMETERS ................................................................................... 113

Table 5.2: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES.................................................................... 114

Table 9.1: MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTALPARAMETERS ................................................. 124 Table 9.2: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES (Investment and recurring cost Rs. in Lakh)

........................................................................................................................................................................................ 124


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List of Figures

Figure 1:1 Location of Project Site ................................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 1:2 Connectivity of project site with Highways .................................................................................................... 11

Figure 2:1 Total Geologial reserves in the project area .................................................................................................... 31

Figure 2:2 Geological Reserve of the Project Area Based on Section Lines ................................................................... 32

Figure 2:3 Mineable Reserve of the Area ........................................................................................................................ 33

Figure 2:4 Bench Wise Development of Minerals, Slice Plan of each Bench ................................................................ 35

Figure 2:5 Plan Showing Pit Position at the End of 1st Year ........................................................................................... 37

Figure 2:6 Geological Plan Showing Pit Position at the end of 2nd

Year ......................................................................... 39

Figure 2:7 Plan Showing Pit Position at the end of 3rd

Year........................................................................................... 41

Figure 2:8 Plan Showing Pit Position, Plantation and Retaining wall at the end of 4th

Year ........................................... 43

Figure 2:9: Plan Showing Pit Position, Plantation and Retaining wall at the end of 5th

Year.......................................... 45

Figure 2:10: Route Used for Plying of Mined Out Material ............................................................................................. 48

Figure 2:11: Water Balance Diagram ............................................................................................................................... 50

Figure 3:1: Seismic Hazard map of Himachal Pradesh .................................................................................................... 55

Figure 3:2: Hydro geomorphologic characteristics of study area. ..................................................................... 57

Figure 3:3: Shows Depth of water Level Flactuation in Study Area ................................................................................ 58

Figure 3:4: Wind Rose Diagram ....................................................................................................................................... 63

Figure 3:5: Land use within 5 km from project Boundary ................................................................................................ 76

Figure 3:6: Forest Cover of Himachal Pradesh State ........................................................................................................ 77

Figure 3:7: Location of wildlife Protected Area in Himachal Pradesh State .................................................................... 78


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Chapter -I

1 INTRODUCTION

Mining of minor minerals as per the Himachal Pradesh Minor Mineral (Concession)

Revised Rules, 1971 defines "Minor Mineral" means building stones, gravel,

ordinary clay, ordinary sand other than sand used for prescribed purposes, boulder,

shingle, chalcedony pebbles used for ball mill purposes only, limeshell, kankar and

limestone used in kilns for manufacture of lime used as building material, Murom,

brick-earth, fuller's earth bentonite, road metal, rehmatti, slate and shale when used

for building material, quartzite and sand stone when used for purposes of building or

for making road metal and household utensils, 2[quartzite pebbles used for ball mill

purposes or filling for bore wells or for decoration purposes in buildings] and any

other mineral which the Central Govt. may by Notification in official Gazette,

declare to be a minor mineral under Clause (e) of section 3 of the Act,;

As a result of developmental activities and market demand for minor minerals,

mining of minor mineral is vital. The mining if not carried out systematically, will

result in ill-effects and environmental degradation in project effected area. Therefore

a sustainable development of the area involving extraction of mineral wealth

vis-à-vis protection of environment is the ultimate solution for betterment of

mankind.

1.1 PURPOSE OF REPORT

The Environmental Impact assessment study was carried out to have an idea about

the existing environmental condition related to physical environment, biological

environment and social environment. Environmental Management Plan has been

prepared to assess the current environmental scenario of the area and then based on

the activities of mining proposed, to carry out Environmental Impact

Assessment. The plan will identify and address the impacts, where these are

adverse in nature, and thereafter design mitigative measures to manage

such impacts in a manner as to conserve environment and ecology of the area.

The EMP has been prepared with a view to ultimately ensure that the

adverse impacts are minimized if these cannot be prevented altogether.

Environmental clearance is a statutory requirement for the new and old

establishment of any mining project of which EIA has to be prepared and

submitted to respective agencies of state and center level in line with EIA

Notification, 1994.


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As per new EIA Notification Dated 14th Sept 2006, Environmental Clearances

required at the time of renewal of mining lease & enhancement of production where

in the area is 5.00 hect. & above. this project fall under category “A”, project or

activity-1 (a) 4 as it attracts the general condition {interstate boundary of Punjab

–Himachal Pradesh at a distance of 250m therefore this project requires Environment

clearance from MoEF New Delhi.

As per the Revised EIA Notification Dated 9th

September, 2013 which state that

“ General Condition shall be apply except for project or activity of less than 5

ha of mining lease area for minor minerals”.

This project is treated as category B2 project and therefore Environmental

Clearance is required from SEAC/SEIAA.

The application for Terms of Reference (ToR) was submitted to EAC, MOEF, New

Delhi. Dated 4th September, 2012; with File No. J-11015/322/2012 –IA II I(M).

After 9th September, 2013 notification issued by MoEF, the file of the proposed

project with area less than 5 Ha is transferred to SEAC Himachal Pradesh for

Environmental Clearance.

1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT

1.2.1 Identification of Project

Name o f t he p r o j e c t : Mining of minor minerals (Sand, Bajri & Stone)

for mining lease area 4.7415 Ha (48 – 09

Bighas).

Location of the project: The proposed project is located in district Sirmaur,

tehsil Nahan near village Churan. The proposed

mining project stretches over an area of 4.7415

Hectares adjacent to Gunti river bed about 0.25 km

towards west of Churan Village .

Identification of Proponent:

Applicant: Shri Shiv Kumar

Village- Churan

P.O. Palion, Tehsil- Nahan

District- Sirmaur, (Himachal Pradesh).


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1.3 LEASE STATUS

Shri Shiv Kumar, Prop. of M/s Shiva Stone Crusher – cum – Screening washing plant

resident of village churan, Tehsil Nahar, District Sirmour, H.P has applied for a grant

of mining lease in Khasra numbers 61/3, 172/62/3, 174/63/2, 68/2 and

67/2Mauza/Mohal Churan measuring 48-9 bighas for period of 15 years for

extraction/collection of stone, Boulders, Bajri and Sand under the provisions of H.P

Minor Minerals (Concession) Revised Rules, 1971 for installation of stone crusher in

the name of M/S Shiva Stone Crusher – Cum – Screening washing plant to be

established in Khasra number 177/74/1 measuring 3 – 10 Bighas in Mauza/Mohal

Churan, Tehsil Nahan, District Sirmour, H.P. The provisional grant of mining lease

area letter is attached as Annexure - I

1.4 BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The mining lease for extraction of Sand, Bajri and stone has been granted for an area

of 4.7415hectares (48 - 09 bighas). The area is situated at Mauza – Churan; Khasra

no 61/3, 172/62/3, 174/63/2, 68/2 and 67/2 in Tehsil –Nahan, District Sirmour, H.P.

Table 1.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

S.No Particulars Details

1 Locations

A. Village Mauza – Churan B. Tehsil Nahan

C. District Sirmaur

D. State Himachal Pradesh.

2. Longitude 30º 32΄ 30.53΄΄

3. Latitude 77º 08΄ 56.84΄΄

4. Elevation above sea level Approx. 350 meter

5. Nearest National Highway NH – 7 and NH- 72

6. Nearest Railway station Chandigarh (31.45 Km, Aerial Distance)

7. Nearest Airport Chandigarh – 35.45 Km (Aerial Distance)

8. Nearest Tourist Place No any such places within 10 K.m radius of the

project site.

9. Archeological Place No such notified place has been observed within

10 K.m radius of the project site.

10. National Park , Wild Life Sanctuary,

Wild Life Corridors, Biosphere

Reserves, Migratory routes for Birds

Reserved/Protected Forest

Within 10 K.m radii from project boundary no

such sentitive area has been noticed.

11. Nearest major city Chandigarh (30.30 K.m Aerial Distance)

12. Nearest Water bodies Gumti River

13. Nearest town Nahan (13.97 K.m, Aerial Distance)

14. Nearest Village of the project site Churan Village 0.25 K.m towards East


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1.5 LEGAL STATUS OF THE PROJECT

Under Section 15 of Mines & Minerals (Development & Regulations) Act 1957 all

State Governments are empowered to frame the Rules, Regulations and Guidelines in

respect of mining of minor minerals within the said state. Exercising its powers

conferred under section 15 of Mines & Minerals (Development & Regulations) Act

1957, State Government of Himachal Pradesh framed relevant Minor minerals.

Mining rules referred as Himachal Pradesh Minor Minerals (Concession)

Rules 1971 provides method for allotments of Minor Minerals Concessions as

follows:

The mining lease for excavation of minor mineral ( Sand, Bajri and stones ) will be

granted to the persons or parties, who will set up a industrial crusher in the state for

processing of stones to grit, and this shall be committed by Please holder and will be

a primary condition for grant of the lease.

In accordance of the above the lessee had applied for mining lease as well as proposal

for set up of stone crusher to the state Govt. The mining lease area was applied on

25/9/2012. The area is granted vide order no. Udhyog-Bhu (Khani-4) Laghu-

04/12/5916 Dt. 25.9.2012 for a specific lease period for mining of minor mineral, to

be used for manufacture of grit.

List of approved relevant documents and mining plan has been annexed in

annexure. Their details are as follows-

Table 1.2 List of Approval from concern departments

S.No Documents Date of Approval Attachment

1. Provisional grant of Mining

Lease

25/9/2012 Annexure - I

2. Joint Inspection of the area

applied for grant of mining

lease for stone crusher

30/5/12 Annexure – II

3. No Objection Letter from

Gram Sabha

19/1/2013 Annexure – III

4. Lease Deed 11/05/11 Annexure – IV

5. Sajra Details 20/1/12 Annexure – V

6. Approved Mining Plan 16/3/2013 Annexure – VI

7. Map showing Mining lease

area

Plate-1 to 12 Annexure – VII


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The area was inspected by a joint committee of revenue officials, pollution control

board, and mining department and other official to verify and assess the viability of

the project.

As per the office Memorandum issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests,

Government of India dated 18th May 2012 on Sub: Order of Hon’able Supreme

Court dated 27.2.2012 in I.A no 12-13 of 2011 in SLP © no. 19628-19629 of 2009 in

the matter of Deepak Kumar etc. Vs State of Haryana and Ors – Implementation

thereof – Regarding

In order to ensure compliance of the above referred order of the Hon’able Supreme

Court dated 27.2.2012, it has been decided that all mining projects of minor minerals

including their renewal, irrespective of the size of the lease would henceforth require

prior environmental clearance. Mining project with lease area up to less than 50 Ha

including projects of minor minerals with lease area less than 5 ha would be treated

as Category “B” as defined in the EIA notification, 2006 and will be considered by

the respective SEIAAs notified by MoEF and following the procedure prescribed

under EIA notification, 2006.

The mining method will be open cast and semi mechanized. The targeted production

of Sand, Bajri & Stone mineral will about 215240 Metric Tons in Five Year.

Table 1.3: Production Details of Five Years

YEAR Sand, Bajari,& Stone ( in MT)

1st Year 42000

2nd

Year 43200 3

rd Year 43200

4th

Year 43090 5

th Year 43750

1.6 LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION

1.6.1 Location

The proposed project is located in district Sirmaur, tehsil Nahan near village Churan.

The proposed mining project stretches over an area of 4.7415 Hectares adjacent to

Gunti river bed about 0.25 km towards west of Churan Village . Location of project

site is given in figure 1.1.


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Figure 1:1 Location of Project Site


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1.6.2 Communication

Road link

The proposed project site is connected to nearest city Chandigarh by National

Highway – 73 via State Highway (SH) – 1. Further, the project site is connected to

State Highway -1 by major district road and village road.

Through main highway the project site is well connected by bituminous roads. The

connectivity map of project site and highway is shown in figure 1.2.

Figure 1:2 Connectivity of project site with Highways

Rail link

The Nearest Railway station is Chandigarh, which is at a distance of 31.45 Km on

Kalka-Delhi Broad Gauge Railway Line. The Nearest National highway is NH-73,

which facilitates the railway services.

Air link

The Nearest Airport is Chandigarh Airport at a Distance of 35.45 kms. (Aerial

distance) There is regular air service from this airport for Mumbai- – Jaipur – Delhi.


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1.6.3 Basic Amenities

Power:

All the mining activity will be carried out during the day time. That is 8.00 A.M to 5.00

PM. Therefore no power is required.

Man Power Requirement:

About 15 people will be involved in the mining operation. It will comprise of 12

unskilled labours and 3 skilled labours. The unskilled labour will be hired from the

nearby villages.

Water Requirement:

Mostly local labour will be employed. The mining operation will be carried out during

the daytime. The total water required for domestic use will be about 675 liters per day.

The source of water will be ground water which will be supplied in portable container

mainly tanks from the nearby village.

Labour Camps:

Temporary labour camp will be built near the site for resting purpose. A provision of

store room will be made at the mining lease are for the storage of manual equipment

(shovel, pickaxe, hoe, and iron pans), safety equipment (steel tip shoe, gloves, mask,

etc.) and medical kit.

Solid Waste:

About 142240 Metric Tons of solid waste will be generated in five year mining

operation. These inert waste generated will be back filled in the mined out area and

will be used for mine closer.

Negligible amount of Municipal solid waste will be generated in the mining operation.

It will mainly comprise of discarded food and paper which the workers bring along

with themselves.

Land Requirement:

About 4.7415 Ha of land has been earmarked for mining of minor minerals. The

proposed site selected for mining is undulating waste land (hillock). No sign of

agricultural practice was reported during primary site visit. The site selected has poor

edaphic factor and is unfit for agricultural practice. The photograph of the site is given

below.


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Plate: Existing Status of Project Site

Centre of Project site Centre of Project site

South of Project site West of project Site


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1.7 OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The main objectives of this EMP are listed below:

To establish the present environmental scenario.

To anticipate the impacts of proposed mining operations on the environment.

To prepare a detailed action plan for implementation of imitigative measures.

To suggest preventive and mitigative measures to minimize adverse impact and

to maximize beneficial impacts.

To prepare a compensatory afforestation scheme.

To suggest a monitoring programmed to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigative

measures.

To suggest the formation of a core group responsible for implementation of

environmental control and protective measures and monitoring of such

implementation.

To suggest a feedback mechanism enabling to make mid - course corrections.

To prepare a capital cost estimate and annual recurring cost for Environmental

Management Plan.

1.8 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA

M/s. Voyants Solutions Pvt. Ltd. was assigned the job to conduction EIA study and to

prepare EIA report for the proposed mining project of minor mineral (sand, bajri, &

stone) near Churan Village in Tehsil Nahan, District Sirmaur.

The study was conducted within10 Km radius from the proposed mine boundary .The

base line data collection involves the data‟ s of air quality, water status, land use, socio-

economic structure of the study area, existing flora, fauna, prevailing noise

levels, along with the physiographical status and meteorological conditions of the

area. The current report is based on the mining technique, air emissions, waste water

generation and discharge, and solid waste management.

Effective plans to mitigate the adverse impacts and suggestive pollution control

measures along with environmental management plan have been summarized.


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1.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The terms of reference on the basis of which the EIA has been prepared are

given below:

1.9.1 Data generation

The data has been generated by M/s Voyants Solution Pvt. Ltd and M/s Noida Testing

Laboratory (Greater Noida) U.P is and NABL Accredited Laboratory (Certificate

Number – T – 1807), in accordance with the requirement of statutory agencies. The

monitoring and testing has been done as per the guidelines of MoEF and the IS

standards. Monitoring has been conducted for the following parameters:

Table 1.4: DATA GENERATION

S.No Description No.of

location

Total No. of

samples

1.0 AIR

Ambient air monitoring (24 hourly

samples), twice a week for 3 months

for one season. Parameters:

PM10,SOx,NOx and free silica

3 78

2.0 WATER

Ground and surface water sample will

be collected from site and 3 samples

will be collected within 1 km from the

project boundary. The IS 10500

Parameters is selected for ground water

and CPCB standard will be used

monitoring surface water. The physical

and chemical and biological parameters

as well as according to applicable

standards.

4 (Three

Ground Water

& 1 Surface

Water)

4

3.0 SOIL 3 3

4.0 NOISE

Hourly readings taken for 24 hours

(Leq)

5 5 sets


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1.9.2 Data Collection

The EIA study is being done for the Mine Lease (core zone) and area within 10 km

radius (buffer zone), both of which comprise the „study area. The following data,

through field survey and other sources, has been collected by Voyants Solutions Pvt.

Ltd, for preparing the EIA/EMP for the proposed mining area with related facilities.

i. Details of wild fauna and flora within a distance of 10 km from the project site

and information about forests, if any.

ii. Eco-sensitive places, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves within 10 km radius.

iii. Major industries within 10 km radius.

iv. Religious places / historical monuments and tourist places within 10 km radius.

v. Land use pattern within core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius around the

core zone) based on census and satellite image and cropping pattern.

vi. Demography and Socio-economic based on last available Census data for entire

study area.

vii. Relevant meteorological data of previous decades from Indian Meteorological

Department (IMD)

viii. Study of present environmental protection and mitigation measures in nearby

operating similar projects, if any.

ix. Geo-hydrological aspects based on available data from various

secondary sources.

x. Identification of water bodies, hills, roads etc. within 10 km radius.

1.9.3 Preparation of EMP

The EMP will include the following details:

Study of the reports like Geological report, FR or mining plan made

available by the client.

Present Environmental Setting

The base line data generated and collected as per para 1.9.1 and 1.9.2

will be used to establish the present environment scenario.

Identification, prediction and evaluation of Anticipated Environmental

Impact due to the proposed mine and related facilities.


17 | P a g e


The environmental impacts would be anticipated in core and buffer zone on:

- Topography and drainage

- Climate

- Water quality (Surface and Ground)

- Hydro-geological Regime

- Air quality

- Noise Levels

- Flora and Fauna

- Land-Use

- Socio-Economic Conditions

- Habitat

- Health, culture, humanenvironment including public health, occupational

health and safety

- Sensitive Places/Historical Monuments.

The impacts would be anticipated based on experience of similar projects.

Proposed Environmental Safeguards and Monitoring Mechanism.

Relevant guidelines as per Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification issued

in January 1994 and subsequently on 14th September 2006 under the

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 will be kept in mind while spelling out mitigation

measures.

The following aspects would be covered-

Reclamation of areas disturbed during mining but not required for any activity after

exhaustion of reserves.

Measures to control the surface and ground water pollution due to various effluents

to be discharged, if any.

Measures to control air pollution due to proposed activities/operation.

Green belt development plan and reclamation plan of mine.

Measures to contain noise pollution & mitigate adverse impact on workers and

habitat in core and buffer zone.

Pronounce the improvement in socio-economic conditions & benefits the people will

get on implementation of the project.

Measures to control health hazard of workers and surrounding population.

Total and specific cost of control measures.

Environmental monitoring, implementation organization and feedback mechanism to

effect mid-course corrections.

Identification of flora species which can be planted in and around the project.


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1.10 Terms of Refrence

Based on Minutes of the 25th Meeting of the State Expert Appraisal Committee held in

H.P State Pollution Control Board, New Shimla, on 25th April, 2013, the Terms of

Reference (ToR) was issued for EIA preparation. Considering the issued Terms of

Reference (ToR) as standard, the EIA was prepared and point wise compliance is

submitted.

Sl. No.

as per

MOEF

Description as per MoEF Covered in EIA as per details

1) Photographs of mining area and adjoining lands

and videographic DVDs of the site features and

the entire area.

Photography of the site from all the four

sides is given in Chapter -1, Page number

13. 2) Year-wise production details since 2006

after the EIA Notification, 2006 coming in

force.

Year wise Production Details is given in

Table 1.3, Page -9; Section 1.5. The

production of mining will commence

after grant of Environmental clearance.

3) A copy of the document in support of the fact

that the proponent is the rightful lessee of the

mine should be given

Provision Grant of Mining Lease is

attached as Annexure - I

4) The study shall be carried out after notice to the

State Pollution control Board, SEIAA and also

to the inhabitants of the area where such studies

are to be carried out and a project has to be

established. Notice to the public shall be given

one month prior to conduct of studies in the

same manner as notice of public hearing.

The Letter for start of Monitoring has

already submitted to SEIAA, to inform

the committee that monitoring is going

on. The local people of the area are

already aware about the mining when

first interaction with the local people was

happened during Nov 2012, before

submission of Form -1 to MoEF.

5) All corner coordinates of the mine lease area

superimposed on High Resolution

Imagery/Topo sheet should be provided.

The square coordinate of this project is as

follows-

North- 30 32 35.71N, 77 09 01.35E

East- 30 32 33.53N, 77 09 04.46E

South- 30 32 28.50N, 77 09 03.09E

West- 30 32 28.33N, 77 08 49.64E

6) All documents including approved mine

plan,(eco friendly mine plan), EIA report and

Public hearing should be compatible with one

another in terms of the mine lease area,

production levels, waste generation and its

management and mining Technology.

The approved mine plan is attached as

Annexure – VI. No public hearing is

conducted as the mining lease area is less

than 5 hectare. The production level,

Waste generation and mining Technology

is discussed in Chapter - 2


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7) The terms and condition imposed, if any, by

the Competent Authority in the state

government while granting mining lease /

permit / contract should be built into the

mine plan (eco friendly mine plan), as well as

the EIA report. It may inter – alia include; area

of working (length and breadth of the river

stretch), mode of working shift, transportation

of mineral, restriction, if any imposed for

working etc.

No terms and condition is imposed by the

Competent Authority. It only mentioned

about the area demarcation from revenue

authority. They also imposed that the

party should obtain Environmental

Clearance. The Provisional Grant mining

lease is attached as Annexure - I

8) Overall note on mineral reserves, rated capacity,

life of the mine

The life of the mine is for 15 years as per

the provision grant of mining lease. The

mineral reserve, rated capacity is

discussed in chapter -2, section 2.3 and

2.4

9) Overburden dumps stability study and

reclamation.

The total over burden dumped or waste

generated is 143340 Tonne in five year.

The waste generated will be backfilled in

mined out pits and plantation will be

carried out for reclamation purpose. The

Details are discussed in Chapter-2,

Section 2.7

10) Plan of backfilling of mine pit. About 143340 Tonne of waste will be

generated in mining operation n five year.



carried out for reclamation purpose

11) Surface drainage pattern at mine site

(modification/diversities in the existing

drainage pattern)

No drainage pattern exists in the mining

area. It is part of river bed. One seasonal

stream confluence with the Gumti Ki

Nadi within Project area but no diversion

is anticipated.

12) Mineral transportation outside mining lease area

(road, rail conveyer, ropeways, pipeline other

etc.)

Discussed in Chapter – 2, section 2.8.


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13) Involvement of forestland, if any, in the project

and status of forestry clearance should be given.

No forest land is involved in the project

affected area. there is forest land adjacent

towards west of project site. As per

advise of forest department 15 meter

buffer zone has been left and thick

planataion witg trees will be carried out.

14) The study area will comprise of 10 km zone

around the mine lease from lease periphery and

the data contained in the EIA such as waste

generation etc. should be for the life of the mine

/ lease period.

The study area has been considered for

10 Km radius from project boundary. The

amount of waste is discussed in chapter –

2, Section 2.7. The mining lease is

granted for 15 years.

15) Land use of the study area delineating forest

area agricultural land grazing land, wildlife

sanctuary and national park migratory routes of

fauna, water bodies, human settlements and

other ecological features.

The land use of the study area is given in

Chapter -3, Section 3.3.6 Subsection -5

16) Land use plan of the mine lease area should be

prepared to encompass preoperational,

operational and post operational phases.

The Proposed mining lease is hillock

area, where Terrace mining will be

carried out. The proposed mining are is

vacant land covered with acatter growth

of weeds. The land use plan for

preoperational , operational phase is

given in plate 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10 of

Annexure -VII

17) Impact of the project on the wild life in the

surrounding and any other protected area and

accordingly detailed mitigation measures

required should be worked out with cost

implications.

No wild life protected area is located with

10 km from project boundary. The

nearest Wildlife protected area is

Simbalbara Sanctuary which is about

36.34 km towards East of mining site.


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18) The vegetation in the RF/PF in the study area, if

any should be indicated

There are reserve and protected forest

within 10 km from project boundary. The

Nearest reserve forests are Gumti

Sambhalwa Reserve Forest, Bhogpur

Reserve Forest and Andheri Gurudwara

Reserve forest.

the vegetation reported in these reserve

forest are discussed in Chapter 3 , Section

3.14, Table -3.18

19) A study shall be got done to ascertain the

impact project on wildlife of the area including

aquatic life.

The study has been conducted and Joint

inspection along with Forest department

has been done to ascertain the impact of

project on wildlife of the area including

aquatic life. The Joint survey report is

Attached as annexure - II.

20) Location of national park, Sanctuaries,

Biosphere Reserve, Wildlife corridors, Tiger

/Elephant Reserve (existing as well as

proposed) within 10 km of the mine lease

should be clearly indicate supported by a

location amp duly authenticated by chief

Wildlife Warden, Necessary Clearance from the

chief Wildlife warden for operating the mine

within 10 km of the national park/ Sanctuary, if

any should also be obtained and furnished.

No such wildlife habitat is reported

within 10 km from project boundary. The

nearest Wildlife protected area is

Simbalbara Sanctuary which is about

36.34 km towards East of mining site.

21) A detailed biological study for the study area

(core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius of

the periphery of the mine lease) including the

aquatic fauna in the reverie system shall be

carried out. Details of flora and fauna, duly

authenticated separately for core and buffer

zone should be furnished based on field survey

clearly indicating the schedule of the fauna

present in case of any scheduled –I fauna in the

study area, the necessary plan for their

conservation with State Forest and Wildlife

Department and details furnished,

necessary/allocation of funds for implementing

the same should be made as part project cost.

The detail survey has been done and is

address in chapter – 3, section – 3.3.7


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22) Impact of the project on land use including

change of river course, if any should be given.

The land use of the mining area will alter

permenetly. The hillock after mining will

change in flat land, which can be used for

agriculturak practice. The impact on river

bed is anticipated as it is 50 mts from

mining lease area

23) The proponent shall specify distance and impact

on the nearby sources and the irrigation/water

supply scheme upstream and downstream.

The upstream of the proposed project is

forest area where no irrigation facility

existed. No water supply scheme

upstream and downstream is reported is

reported.

24) Siltation increase due to mining in water

sources shall be obtained.

No increase in siltation is anticipated as

the mining activity is 50 mts away from

the river bed. The mining will be

suspenede during monsoon season.

25) No. mechanized mining /blasting shall be

obtained.

The proposed mining method is semi

mechanized, where JCB will be used. No

blasting is anticipated in the proposed

project.

26) Impact on topography ,drainage agricultural

fields wildlife , water logging leading to water

borne diseases, if any it may also be shown

whether it will load to change of water course of

river flow dynamics, if any

No water logging is anticipated due to

proposed project.


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27) Collection of one season (non monsoon primary

baseline data on ambient air quality (PM10 SOx

and NOX) water quality noise level, Soil and

flora and fauna, site –specific meteorological

data should also be collected. The location of

the monitoring stations should be justified. Date

wise collection baseline AAQ data particularly

for free silica should from part of EIA and EMP

report. The mineralogical composition of AAQ

monitoring station within 500 m of the mine

lease in the pre dominant downwind direction.

The collection of primary baseline data

on ambient air quality is given in Chapter

– 3, Section 3.3.6, sub section- 1 (Air

Environment)

28) Air quality modeling should be carried out for

prediction of impact of the project on the air

quality of the area. It should also take in to

account the impact of movement of vehicles for

transpiration of mineral. The details of the

model used and input parameters used for

modeling should be provided. The air quality

contours may be shown on a location map

clearly indicating the location of the site.

Locate of sensitive receptors, if any and the

habitation. The wind roses showing pre-

dominant.

Discussed in chapter –IV, Section – 4.2.3

29) The water requirement for the project, its

availability and source to be furnished. A

detailed water balance should also be provided.

Fresh water requirement for the project should

be indicated.

The domestic water requirement for the

proposed project is 0.675 KLD. The total

water requirement is 3.175 KLD. The

details are given in Chapter -2, Section

2.11.

30) Necessary clearance from the Competent

Authority for drawl of requisite quantity of

water of the project should be provided.

No anticipated in the proposed project.

Where little water is required for

domestic use. For other source the source

of water will be tankers and it will be

taken from authorized suppliers.

31) Impact of the project on the water quality

should be assessed and necessary safeguard

measures, if any required should be provided

No impact on water quality is anticipated

in the proposed project


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32) Information on site elevation working depth

groundwater table should be provided both

AMSI bgl. A schematic drainage may also be

provided for the same.

Details are given in chapter -2, section

2.5. The Contour map along with

working depth is attached as annexure –

VII, Plate -5.

The schematic diagram for ground water

depth is given in chapter –IV, Section

4.2.5

33) Quantity of solid waste generation, if nay

should be estimated and details for its disposal

and management should be provided.

Solid waste generated is given in chapter

-2, section 2.7.



carried out for reclamation purpose.

34) Impact on local transport infrastructure due to

the project should be evaluated. Project increase

in truck traffic as result of the project road

network (including those outside project area)

and whether it is capable of handling the

increased load should be estimated.

Arrangement for improving the infrastructure, if

contemplated action to be taken by other

agencies such as State Government, if any

should be covered

No major impact is anticipated due to

transportation of material. It is expected

that 10 - 15 trucks will ply daily. It will

avoid the peak hours of day. The route is

earmarked and detail discussion is given

in chapter -2, section 2.8.

35) Details of infrastructure facilities to be provided

for the mine workers should be furnished.

The Infrastructure facility to be provided

to workers are given in chapter-2, section

– 2.11

36) Phase –wise plan of greenbelt development

plantation and compensatory afforestation

clearly indicating the area to be covered under

plantation and the species to be planted should

be provided.

Green belt development will be carried

out along the periphery of the mining

lease area. Year wise planation Schemen

is given in Annexure VII, Plate 6-9 and

plate 12.

37) Occupational health impact of the project

activity should be anticipated and reported and

proposed preventive measures indicated. These

along with details of pre-placement medical

examination and periodical medical

examination schedules and medical facilities

proposed to be provided should be incorporated

in the EMP.

The health impact of the project activity

is anticipated. Though six monthly

medical check up of the workers engaged

will be carried out. For any casualty tie-

up with nearby hospital will be done.


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38) Measures of socio economic influence e to the

local community, proposed to be provided by

project proponent should be spelt out. As far as

possible quantitative dimension should be given

The details are discussed in chapter –

VII, Section – 7.0

39) Detailed environment management plan to

mitigate the environmental impacts specific

safeguard measures to control PM10 as well as

pollution due to transportation should be given

The details are discussed in chapter –

VIII, Section – 8.1.

40) Public hearing points raised and commitment of

the project proponent on the same along with

time action plan to implement the same should

be provided if applicable.

No public hearing is required for project

area less than 5 Ha.

41) Details of litigation pending against the project,

if any with direction /order pass by court of Law

against the project should be given.

No litigation is pending against the

project.

42) The cost of the project (capital cost and

recurring cost) as well the cost towards

implementation of EMP should clearly be spelt

out.

The EMP cost of the project and

recurring cost is given in chapter- IX,

section – 9.3

43) Photographs and videography of the site & area

around giving an overview of the site and

surrounding features should be add should and

from part of presentation for ToR’S.

Site photograph from all side is discussed

in chapter – 1, Section – 1.6.3, Page -13

44) The project proponent of the consultant should

be well conversant with the area and location of

facilities like water sources, road bridges,

hospital cremation ground, flood control works

plantations, flora and fauna. Column- 1.1of

from –I needs to be properly related to the

project site in specific terms.

The details site visit was conducted and

all feature like water source, road,

bridges, hospital, cremation ground, flora

and fauna was studied. The details was

filled in Form – 1 and submitted to

MoEF for ToR.


26 | P a g e


45) The information on all the Major heading of

From –I Should be site specific and should have

special focus on one per guidelines prescribed

by MoEF, Govt. of India.

The details was given in Form -1 and

submitted to MoEF.

46) The proponent should first obtain certificate

from the DFO concerned that there is no

protected area notified area under Wild Life

Protection Act. 1972. If there is any such area

within 10 km of the aerial distance from (i).

Protected area notified under Wildlife

(Protection) Act. 1972; Critically polluted area

as identified by the Central Pollution Control

Board from time to time (iii) Eco –sensitive are

as notified under section 3of Environment

(Protection) Act. 1986, such as ,

Mahabaleshwar , Panchgani , Matheran,

Pachmarhi ,Dahanu, Doon valley and (IV) Inter

State boundaries and international boundaries,

the proponent should apply for clearance to the

MoEF , Govt of India as Category –A projects

The joint inspection report for wild life

habitat is attached as Annexure – II. No

Wildlife protected area, CEPI, Eco

sensitive areas are located within 10 km

from project boundary. There exist

interstate boundary of Himachal and

Haryana at distance of 250 mts towards

South.

========*******=========


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Chapter- II

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY

In general the area is a part of Siwalik range. The Siwalik Hills are located within the

political boundary of Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan and ranges between 6 to 90 kms

in width. They gradually become steeper and narrower in relief and width respectively,

from northern Pakistan to Bhutan. Ongoing erosion and tectonic activity has greatly

affected the topography of the Siwaliks. Their present day morphology is comprised of

hogback ridge, consequent, subsequent, obsequent river valleys of various order, gullies,

choes, earth pillar, rilled earth butteress of the conglomerate formation, semicircular,

choe-devides, talus cones, collovial ones and choe terraces.

Associated badlands features include the lacks of vegetation, steep slopes, high drainage

density and rapid erosion rates. To the south of the Siwaliks are the Indo Gengatic Plains

and in the north, they are bordered by the lesser Himalayas.

The district is bounded by Shimla District in the north and Solan in the North- East, state

of Haryana in the South and West while the Uttarakhand makes the eastern boundary.

Geographically the district can be divided into three parts.

1. The Trans – Giri (Giri Par Region)

2. Cis – Giri Regions (Giri War Region)

3. Plains of Kiar-da- dun or dun valley

The Trans - Giri region consists of the mountains culminating into the Chur Peak which

is commonly known as Chur Chandni Ki Dahr (the hill of silver bangle). It has an

attitude of 3647 meter above the mean sea level.

Geomorphologically the district can be divided into three zones-

1. Steep to very steep high hills of lesser Himalaya

2. Moderately steep to steeo low hills and inter vening valley of

Shiwalik

3. Piedmont Plains

2.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY

Sirmour District lying within the Lesser Himalaya and the Shiwalik Foothill comprises

rocks ranging in age from Proterozoic to Quaternary. This comprises canrbonaceous

phyllite, schist, gneiss, quartzite and marble. The Chor granitoid occurs as an intrusive

body within the Jutogh group of rock. This granite body is well foliated and composed of


28 | P a g e


gneisses, granite with minor aplite and basic veinlets. The Sundernagar group rocks of

Meso – Proterozoic age ir represented by quartite with basic flow.

The Tal group of early Cambrian age is hetrolithic sequence of siltstone, dolomite, shale,

ash grey tuff, chert/phosphorite, carbonaceous shale, grit and quartz arenite and recorded

algal structure and belt in Tons Valley. It is composed of olive green shale, Limestone,

quartzite and laterite. The Sirmour group is represented by a thick pile of Palaeogene

sediments exposed in the foothill, bounded by the Main Boundary Fault and Krol Thrust.

It comprises shale, fossiliferous limestone, quartz arenite, siltstone, clay, sandstone and

local pebble bed. The Shiwalik group of Middle Miocene of early Pleistocene age

comprises coarse clastic fluviatile deposits of sandstone, clay and conglomerates. The

Quaternary sediments (Old alluvium and newer Alluvium) along prominent channels

consists of sand, silt clay, pebbles and cobbles cccurring along present channels of

Middle to Late Pleistone and Holocene age.

2.2.1 LOCAL GEOLOGY:

The rock of the Gumti Ki Nadi Catchment mainly belongs to the Siwalik Group and

Newer Alluvium. The stratigraphy of the effective catchment and the geology of the area

is given in table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Lithostratigraphy of the effective catchment of Gumti Ki Nadi

Grey micaceous fine to coarse grained sand,

silt and clay

Channel Alluvium Newer Alluvium

Cyclic sequence of grey micaceous sand, silt

and clay

Terrace Alluvium Newer Alluvium

Brownish grey clay, sand and gravel with

boulders

Fan Alluvium Newer Alluvium

Multicyclic sequence of brown to grey silt,

clay with kankar and reddish brown to grey

micaceous sand with pebbles

Varanasi = Ambala

Older Alluvium/

Dun Gravels

Older Alluvium

Coarse sandstone, boulder conglomerate,

clay, grit

Upper Siwalik Siwalik Group

Grey micaceous sandstone, gravel beds,

shale clay

Middle Siwalik Siwalik group

Micaceous sandstone, purple clay, mudstone Lower Siwalik Siwalik group


29 | P a g e


2.2.2 GEOLOGY OF THE LEASE AREA:

The leased out area forms part of the terrace alluviam covered with boulders, cobbles,

pebbles, bajri and sand and clay deposit of Channel alluvium. The rocks along the banks

are terrace Alluvium and Fan Alluvium and in higher reach of catchments Upper Siwalik

Formation.The lithostarigaraphy of the area near lease is given below-

Group Lithology Age

New

er

Allu

vium

Channel

Alluvium

Grey micaceous, fine to coarse grained sand, silt and clay Quatern

ary

Terrace

Alluvium

Cyclic sequence of grey micaceous sand, silt and clay

Fan

Alluvium

Brownish grey clay, sand and gravel with boulders

Older

Alluvium

Dun

Gravels

Multicyclic sequence of brown to grey silt, clay with kankar

and reddish brown to grey micaceous sand with pebbles.

Siw

alik G

roup

Upper

Siwalik

B Predominantly massive conglomerate with red and orange

clay as matrix and minor sandstone and earthy buff and

brown clay stone

Neo

cene A Sandstone, clay and conglomerate alternation

Middle

Siwalik

B Massive Sandstone with minor conglomerate and local

variegated clay stone

A Predominantly medium to coarse- grained sandstone and

red clay alternation, soft pebbly with subordinate claystone,

locally thick prism of conglomerate

Lower

Siwalik

B Alternation of fine to medium- grained sporadically pebbly

sandstone, calcareous cement and prominent chocolate and

medium maroon claystone in the middle part

A Red and mauve clay stone with thin intercalations of

medium to fine grained sandstone

2.2.3 GEOLOGY OF THE LEASE OUT AREA

The hillock, on which the area lies, is on right bank of the Gumti Ki Nadi. The rocks of

the hillock belong to the Upper Siwalik formation belonging to Siwalik group. In the

lease area part of the hill conglomerate interbedded with clay band are exposed. The

rock formation in the lease area is thickly bedded massive conglomerate with pebbles,

cobbles and boulders embedded in sandy to silty matrix and are interstratified with

mudstone.


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2.3 RESERVE

Calculation Method

For the calculation reserve: Four Geological Section at the interval of 60, 60, 90 & 70

Meters as shown in figure 2.1 were plotted along N-S grid and E-W grid and slice at

interval of 2 meters were also drawn to get 3D view of deposit.The specific gravity of

the conglomerate is taken as 2.25

Total Geological Reserve

The total Reserve is divided into two categories-

Reserve up to 5 meter is categorized as proved

Five to 10 meter as probable

Total Geological reserve is calculated just on the basis of section lines surface area but

mine ability and other factor i.e buffer zone etc. are not considered in calculation of

geological reserve.

All the top soil is very from a couple of centimeter to ten centimeter in the area and is

computed as part of the mining waste.


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Figure 2:1 Total Geologial reserves in the project area


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Figure 2:2 Geological Reserve of the Project Area Based on Section Lines

2.4 Total Mineable Reserve

The lease area is in three sepatrae blocks and each block is sustainable planned for mining.

The buffer zone of seven metres is left as safety zone.

There is buried pipe line along the gully in the western part of the lease. No mining

will be nder taken in the two meters area on either side of the pipe line. This area has

been mostly covered by safety zone.

Hence mineable reserve is calculated of these three separate blocks individually. The reserve up

to 354 meters by making ten benches of 3 x 10 meters from the 365 meters level three blocks

has been calculated. The lease area is boulder conglomerate and consists of approximately 60%

of boulders and bajri suitable for feding crusher. The rest being the matrix consisting of sand

and clay is taken as waste. This working will be sufficient for more than five years.


33 | P a g e


Figure 2:3 Mineable Reserve of the Area


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2.5 Mine Development

The buffer zone of about 7.5 m has been provided. There is no place of public utility is

situated nearby. In the leased out area rock are rock friable boulder conglomerates.

The boulders and Bajri is compacted in a matrix of sand and clay. The lease area is

boulder conglomerate and consists of approximately 60% of boulders and bajri suitable

for feeding crusher. The rest being the matrix consisting of sand and clay is taken as

waste.

The sand and clay are mixed in the matrix and cannot be segregated at commercially

viable cost, therefore the entire matrix is considered as waste. The mining lease is a

compact block but consist of three separate blocks. Six benches are proposed in block

“A” two each in block “B” and “C”.

Thus in all ten benches are suggested at following levels in different blocks.

Block “A”

365 meters level

362 meters level

359 meters level

356 meters level

353 meters level

352 meters level

Block “B”

365 meters level

364 meters level

Block “C”

355 meters level

352 meters level

Bench wise development of the mineral, slice plan of each bench is given in the Figure

2.4.


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Figure 2:4 Bench Wise Development of Minerals, Slice Plan of each Bench


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2.5.1 Year Wise Development of Mine

Working plan of 1st Year: The development of benches at 365, 362 & 359 meter level

has been considered.

24260 metric tons of boulders/stone would be extracted for feeding the crusher

16170 metric tons of waste of mixed sand, silt and clay would be generayed and

would be dumped at D-1

Plantation in first year would be undertaken only in the safety zone proposed in

Figure 2.5

A check dam will be made to prevent sliding of debris

The waste dump, check dams and plantation are shown in map -2.5


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Figure 2:5 Plan Showing Pit Position at the End of 1st Year


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Working plan of 2nd

Years:

43200 Metric Tons os stone and Bajri will be produced during development of these

benches which will be utilized in the crusher.

23660 Metric Tons of waste will be geberated.

The total production of minerals, waste and top soil is geiven in figure below.

The protection of material rolling down the slope, one check dam will be raised as shown in

figure 2.6 (Shown as C-2). The planation will be done at place as P-2 and Top soil will be

dumped at place shown as SD-2.


39 | P a g e


Figure 2:6 Geological Plan Showing Pit Position at the end of 2nd

Year


40 | P a g e


Working Plan of 3rd

Year:

Development of balance part bench at 356 and 353 meter level-

43090 Metric tonne of stones and bajri will be produced during development.

28730 Metric tons of waste including soil cover will be generated.

Total production of minerals and waste including top soil is given in figure below.

To protect the material rolling down the slope, one check dam will be raised (Shown as C-3

in Figure 2.7. Plantation will be done at places (P-3) and top soil will be dumped at

location SD-3.


41 | P a g e


Figure 2:7 Plan Showing Pit Position at the end of 3rd

Year


42 | P a g e


Working Plan for 4th

Year

The development of balance bench at 353 meters-

43090 Metric tons of stone and bajri will be produced during 4th

year.

28730 Metric Tons of waste will be generated.

The total production of mineral, waste including top soil is given below.

To protect the material rolling down, one check dam will be raised shown as C-4 in Figure

2.8. The plantation will be done at places (P-4) and top soil will be dumped at place shown

as SD-4 in figure 2.8.


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Figure 2:8 Plan Showing Pit Position, Plantation and Retaining wall at the end of 4th

Year


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Working plan of 5th

Year

The development of part of bench at 352 meters level of Block “A”, 365 & 364 of Block

“B” and 355 & 352 meters level of Block “C”.

43750 Metric Tons of stone and bajri will be produced during 5th

year.

29010 Metric tons of waste including soil cover will be generated.

Total production of minerals, waste and top soil is given in below.

To protect the material rolling down the slope, one check dam will be raised is shown as C-

5 in figure 2.9.

The plantation will be done at place P-5 and top soil will be dumped at location SD-5.


45 | P a g e


Figure 2:9: Plan Showing Pit Position, Plantation and Retaining wall at the end of 5th

Year


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Table 2.2: PRODUCTION PLAN FOR FIVE YEARS

Year Stone/ Bajri Waste/Matric Total

First 42000 28000 70000

Second 43200 28800 72000

Third 43200 28800 72000

Fourth 43090 28730 71820

Fifth 43750 29010 72760

TOTAL 215240 143340 358580

2.6 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION

The mining activity in the lease area will involve contractual labor. About 15 persons will

be engaged in extraction of stone, bajri and sand; loading of material into tractor trolleys

and tipper trucks. The stone and bajri shall be transported to the crusher. Thus, for

transportation of material about 1-2 drivers and equal number of helpers shall be engaged.

13 persons will be engaged in mining operation.

2.7 WASTE GENERATION

During the excavation of stone, bajri and sand from the mining lease area; clay are also

being associated quarried minerals. The clay/Matrix which will be generated to the extent

of 143340 metric tons will be generated and will be back fill in the mine out pits. The top

soil caly will be spred out in the backfilled area and subsequently plantation will be carried

out.

The generation of waste during five years of mining according to approved mining

plan is as given in the table 2.3.

Table 2.3: Waste Generated During Five Year of Mining Period

S.No Year Year Wise Waste Generation

1 1st Year 28000

2 2nd

Year 28800

3 3rd

Year 28800

4 4th

Year 28730

5 5th

Year 29010


47 | P a g e


2.8 TRANSPORTATION

The lease area is having gentle slope with the gradient of 2 to 3 degrees hence,

tracks for the movement of tractors can be made and maintained in any part of the

lease area.

The loaded tractor trolleys / tipper trucks would carry the material to the crusher

site, from the mining site.

About 91 metric tons of stone, bajri and sand would be required to be moved daily.

It will require around 10-15 trucks will be able to move this material.

The mined out material will be transfer in covered trucks to prevent dust and sand flying

off duiring plying. The plying of Lories will be carried out during the day time avoiding the

peak hour of traffic, school timing and night time. No internal village route will be used.

Only bypass route will be used for carring mined out material to quarry site and stocking

yard. The route used for plying of mined out material is given in figure 2.10.


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Figure 2:10: Route Used for Plying of Mined Out Material


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2.9 ANTICIPATED LIFE OF MINE

The anticipated like of the mine is for 15years as the lease for extraction/collection of

stone, Boulders, Bajri and Sand is accorded for 15 years. Terrace mining would be

undertaken by forming benches, which would subsequently be used as terrace field either

for agricultural or horticultural purposes, hence there would be no sdverse impact in the

topographical features. Land use pattern would change for a better social use.

2.10 USE OF MINERAL

Minor minerals are mainly consumed by infrastructure & housing industries and

development.

Whereas sand and bajri is directly used for all construction works.

Boulders are consumed by stone crushers and manual crushing operations for use in

roads construction etc.

Virtually there is no construction or infrastructure building work is possible without

these minor minerals, hence the same can be assumed as back bone of the

infrastructural growth of India.

2.11 UTILITIES AND PROPOSED SITE FACILITIES

1. UTILITIES

a) Power Supply: No power requirement as the mining activity will be under taken during the day time.

b) Water: Water requirement for domestic/drinking purpose is fulfilled through the nearby villages

(Churan). Therefore there is no requirement for clearance from the Competent Authority as

there will be no ground water withdrawal by the project proponent.

Table 2.4: PEAK WATER REQUIREMENTS

Purpose Requirement (KLD)

Drinking 0.675

Dust Suppression 2.00

Plantation 0.5

Total 3.175


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Figure 2:11: Water Balance Diagram

No out flow No outflow

c) Man Power Total manpower required for the project is approx.15 persons. Two skilled labour and 3

unskilled labour from nearby villages

2. PROPOSED SITE FACILITIES

i) Office:

The owner has common office cum store available for both the lease area.

ii) First Aid:

First Aid Box will be provided at mining site. Periodically six monthly medical checkups

will be undertaken by the owner for all the works engaged in mining. Type with the nearby

hospital will be made to handle any accident caused during mining.

iii) Latrine and Urinal:

Latrine and urinal will be provided separately for male and female worker as per Mine

Rules.

======******=======

TOTAL WATER REQUIREMENT

3.175 KLD

4.30 KLD

EXISTING WELL

DUST SUPPER.

2.0 KLD

3.0 KLD

SANITATION &

DRINKING

0.675 KLD

0.5 m3 / day

PLANTATION

0.50 KLD

1.0 KLD

SEPTIC TANK- SOAK

PIT


51 | P a g e


Chapter- III

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Study Area Exploitation of mineral resources from the land surfaces through mining caauses

environmental and ecological instability besides of biological physical and socio-economic

imbalance. The impact of the mining activities can be quantified through

Environmental Impact Assessment Studies within the impact zone. The findings of EIA

studies help in preparation of the environmental management plan for mitigating the

adverse impacts.

For the purpose of studying the baseline status of the environment, core zone and

buffer zone are considered for Impact Assessment. The core area for the purpose

comprises mining lease area of 4.7415 Hect. The buffer zone comprises a 10 km from

around the core area.

This section contains a description of the existing baseline environmental status of the area

surrounding Luhand River bed mine, the data collected has been used to define the

environmental scenario of the area, against which the potential impacts of the project has

been assessed.

3.2 Sources of Environmental Data

The baseline information on micro-meteorology, ambient air quality, water quality, noise

levels, soil quality and floristic descriptions are largely drawn from the data generated by

M/s Voyants Solution Pvt. Ltd and Monitoring was carried out by Noida Testing

Labouratory (NABL Accredited Lab). Long term meteorological data recorded at the

nearest IMD station, Chandigarh was also collected. Micro-meteorological data at site was

recorded using automatic weather station. Apart from these, secondary data have been

collected from Census Handbook, Revenue Records, Statistical Department, Soil Survey

and Land use Organization, District Industries Centre, Forest Department, Central Ground

Water Authority, etc. The generation of primary data as well as collection of secondary

data and information from the site and surroundings was carried out during winter season &

post monsoon season i.e. September 2013 to Nov -2013.

3.3 Aspect Studied

As per the gazette notification dated 14th September 2006 and guidelines of CPCB,

the study area was demarked. The study was conducted within a radius of 10 km

within mine as center. The study period defined is during winter and post monsoon season.


52 | P a g e


The discipline covered by the baseline data collection programme includes the following:-

Topography,

Physiography,

Hydrological aspects,

Atmospheric Condition,

Biological environment, Land use,

Cropping pattern, and

Socio-economic aspects.

3.3.1 TOPOGRAPHY

Existing Conditions

Sirmaur district is the southern most part of the Himachal Pradesh state, spreading over

2,825 sq. km lays between 77o 01’ 12” & 77o 49’ 40” East longitude and 30o 22’ 30” &

31o 01’ 20” North latitude. The district is bounded by Shimla in the North, Rivers Tons &

Yamuna in the East, District Ambala in the South & West & towards North West by Solan

district. The District lies in outer Himalayan ranges commonly called as Shivalik between

70o 49’ East longitude, 30o 22’ and 31

o 01’ North latitude. The district is predominantly a

mountain with deep valleys lying between ranges of varying elevations. Longest length

from West to East 77 kms and the maximum width from North to South are 80 kms.

Physiographically most of the areas form a part of hilly tract with undulating terrain. The

elevation varies from plains to high hills tract and ranges between 1400 feet and 12000 feet

above mean sea level. The Giri River a tributary of the Yamuna divided into two parts viz.

Trans- Giri and Cis-Giri. Various seasonal natural streams make the drainage network

complex because of the hilly terrain conditions. The climate changes with altitude and

varies from exceedingly hot in the southern part to the snowy height in the northern hills.

3.3.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY

The region is highly rugged and mountainous. The Siwalik Hills standing to a height of

about 1060m in the south of limestone deposit are separated from the bare lofty ridges of

the Lesser Himalayas and in the north by the deep valley of River Giri. The area is marked

by deep valleys, river terraces, steep escarpments and innumerable streams. The area of

mining i.e. lies on hillock, which is on the right bank of the Gumti Ki Nadi. The rock of the

hillock belongs to the Upper Siwalik formation belonging to Siwalik group. The highest


53 | P a g e


point of leased out area is 367 metres above mean sea level to the lowest point of the lease

out area is 350 meters above the mean sea level.

3.3.3 CLIMATIC CONDITION

The climate is moderate humid and tropical interspersed between cold weather, hot weather

and southwest monsoon. The cold weather commences in November and continues till the

end of February, which is characterized by cloudless days and very cold nights with much

fog and dew. May and June are usually the hottest months. During monsoon period (July to

September) the weather remains humid. Once the pollutants are discharged in the

atmosphere, the meteorological factors play an important role in transport dispersion and

diffusion with the environment.

The southwest monsoon sets in by the second half of the July and withdrawal takes place in

October. July to September months are main rainy months though it continues till October.

Cyclones and sudden storms may occur during May-June. In the post monsoon, a few

thunderstorms occur, especially in October. Thereafter, the weather clears up and pleasant

weather prevails throughout the valley. Precipitation occurs for some days during

December and January. Rainfall is highly variable in the region due to its rugged

topography and its geographical position. The rainfall generally increases up to the valleys

from southwest to northwest and decreases beyond the highest range over the northern

part of the region. The percentage contribution of rainfall is less than the southern

parts, perhaps due to decreasing influence of the monsoon. After April, the rainfall

gradually increases till June and thereafter sharply during July and August. It decreases

rapidly after the withdrawal of southwest monsoon in September. The precipitation occurs

during pre-monsoon months is mostly associated with thunderstorms and constitute 11% of

the annual rainfall. Nearly 76% of the total rainfall is received during the five monsoon

months from July to September. Rainfall during winter months constitutes 13% of total

rainfall. The weighted annual average rainfall based on available stations in study area

is1600 mm.

The maximum temperature recorded is 30°C in the month of June and lowest -2°C during

January month. The relative humidity of the area varies from 6 to 80%.

3.3.4 SEISMICITY OF AREA

The state of Himachal Pradesh lies almost entirely in the Himalayan Mountains, and is part

of the Punjab Himalayas. Due to its location it weathers dozens of mild earthquakes every

year. Large earthquakes have occurred in all parts of Himachal Pradesh, the biggest being

the Kangra Earthquake of 1905. The Himalayan Frontal Thrust, the Main boundary Thrust,

the Krol,the Giri, Jutogh and Nahan thrusts lie in this region. Besides that there are scores

of smaller faults, like the Kaurik Fault which triggered the 1975 earthquake. However, it

must be stated that proximity to faults does not necessarily translate into a higher hazard as


54 | P a g e


compared to areas located further away, as damage from earthquakes depends on numerous

factors such as subsurface geology as well as adherence to the building codes.

SEISMIC HAZARD Chamba, Kullu, Kangra, Una, Hamirpur, Mandi, and Bilaspur Districts lie in Zone V.

The remaining districts of Lahual and Spiti, Kinnaur, Shimla, Solan and Sirmaur lie in

Zone IV. Since the earthquake database in India is still incomplete, especially with

regards to earthquakes prior to the historical period (before 1800 A.D.), these zones offer a

rough guide of the earthquake hazard in any particular region and need to be regularly

updated (Source : GSHAP Hazard Map for Himachal Pradesh).

Table 3.1: Earthquakes stastistics for a decade

Date and

Year

Place Location Intensity

N E

11 November 2004 Bharmour,

Kangra region

32.4 42N, 76.51 2 E A moderate earthquake struck

the Kangra Valley and

the Dhauladhar Mountains. It

was felt strongly in the Kangra-

Dharamsala region and event

caused minor damage to

buildings in the region. It had a

magnitude of Mb=5.1.

8 October 2005 Kashmir -

Kohistan

,Pakistan-India

border,

4.432 N 73.53 7 E, A major earthquake struck

the India-Pakistan border on the

morning of 8 October 2005. It

had a magnitude of Mw=7.6

and was felt strongly in much

of Pakistan, northern India and

eastern Afghanistan.Tremors

from the earthquake were felt

more than a thousand

kilometers away in the Indian

states of Gujarat, Madhya.

Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.


55 | P a g e


Figure 3:1: Seismic Hazard map of Himachal Pradesh

3.3.5 HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS

In order to conduct EIA Studies, baseline data pertaining to water environment of the

existing project was carried out evaluating the basic characteristics, drainage pattern, and

Project Locations


56 | P a g e


hydrology. The different parameters of surface water as well as ground water also analyzed

at different sites. (Refer Fig 3.2)

Local hydrological parameters and ground level water levels are not affected due to mining

activity in the area.

HYDROGEOLOGY Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) has carried out hydro-geological studies and ground

water exploration in the district. Hydrogeological studies and exploration commenced in

sixties, and under exploratory drilling programme 12 exploratory wells ranging in depth

from 90 to 163 m have been drilled. Further, CGWB under its national network maintains

10 stations for ground water regime monitoring where water level and ground water quality

is monitored on regular basis.

Hydro-geologically, the unconsolidated and semi-consolidated/ consolidated rock

formations form aquifers in the district. Intergarnular pore spaces in the sedimentary

formations and secondary fissured porosity in hard rocks, topographical set up coupled

with precipitation in the form of rain and snow, mainly govern occurrence and movement

of ground water. Porous alluvial formation occurring in the valley area forms themost

prolific aquifer system where as the sedimentary semi-consolidated formations and hard

rocks form aquifer of low yield prospect.

Major parts of the district are hilly & mountainous with highly dissected and undulating

terrain. These areas are underlain by semi-consolidated and consolidated hard rocks of

Tertiary and pre-Tertiary period. Ground water potential in such areas is very low due to its

hydro-geomorphic set up. Springs are the main ground water structures that provide water

supply for domestic and irrigation in major rural and urban areas.


57 | P a g e


Figure 3:2: Hydro geomorphologic characteristics of study area.

Geologically, the rock formations occupying the district range in age from pre-Cambrian to

Quaternary period. The generalized geological succession in the district is given below.

Era Period Formation Lithology

Quaternary Recent to

Pleistocene

Alluvium /valley

fills/ Older

alluvium

Sand with pebble and clay &

multiple cyclic sequence of

medium to coarse grained sand

with pebble of sandstone and

lenses of clay

Tertiary Pliocene –

M-Miocene

Siwalik

Group

Sandstone, shale, conglomerate,

mudstone, clay, gravel & boulder

beds beds

L-Miocene –

Oligo-Eocen

Kasauli/Dagsh

ai/ Subathu

Grey, purple sandstone, Shale, nodular clay, Shale,

Limestone etc.

Pre-

Tertiary

Group

Pemo

Carboniferous

Karol/ Infra-Karol,

Blainis boulder

beds

Limestone, shale, red shale

Carbonaceous shale, slate,

greywacke, dolomitic limestone.

Devonian Jaunsar series Slates schist phyllite,

Pre-Cambrian Chail series Slates called Shimla slates

Achaean Jutogh series Quartzites, schist and limestone.

Project Location


58 | P a g e


Ground Water Condition

CGWB has drilled/constructed 11 exploratory wells in the valley area in the depth range of

90.00 to 163.00 m bgl. Static water level of the tubewells ranges from 2 m to 43.00 m bgl

and discharges ranged from 200 to 3220 lpm.

Depth to water table shows wide variation. During pre-monsoon period (May 2006) it

ranged between 3.02 & 38.2 m bgl, while during the post-monsoon period (November

2006) depth to water level ranged from 3.3 to 36.86 m bgl. Deeper water levels are

observed mainly in northwestern part and along the foothills. In major parts of the valley

the depth to water level are less than 15.00 m bgl.

Long-term water level fluctuation was analysed for the period of May 2007 with respect to

decadal average of 1998 to 2006. In general, fall in water level up to 1 m is observed in

most part of the valley.

Figure 3:3: Shows Depth of water Level Flactuation in Study Area

The Depth of water table in the project affected area ranges between 5-10 m bgl during pre-

monsoon & post monsoon season.

Project Location


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3.3.6 ATMOSPHERIC CONDITION

Atmospheric conditions include micro meteorological condition and ambient air quality of

the study area. Meteorological conditions with respect to wind velocity and direction in

the study area was determined by locating a monitoring station at the mine. The

monitored data is supplemented with meteorological data collected at Chandigarh. The

required data for interpretation the ambient air quality of the study area was generated by

establishing a monitoring network. Regular field observations as per the norms of MoEF

and CPCB were taken from the established monitoring stations.

Meteorology Meteorology plays a vital role in affecting the dispersion of pollutants. Since

meteorological factors show wide fluctuations with time, meaningful interpretation can be

drawn only from long term reliable data. Such source of data is the Indian meteorological

Department (IMD), which maintains a network of meteorological stations at several

important locations. The nearest station (Chandigarh) to the study area is located at 45 Km.

from mine site. Meteorological information available for this station is temperature,

humidity, rainfall, and wind speed with direction.

Collection of Meteorological Data from Chandigarh The following section discusses the long-term climate trend of secondary data collected for

the station located at the Government Inter College over the period of 1951-1980. These

data, along with the data obtained from the site has been used in air dispersion modeling.

The climatologically summary for station at Chandigarh is given in Table below:

Table 3.2: Climatological summary of Chandigarh for the year 1951 – 1980.

Month Mean

max. temp

(0 C)

Mean min.

temp

(0 C)

Total rainfall

(mm)

Predominant

wind direction

January 24.5 2.2 33.1 C

February 28.5 4.0 38.9 NW

March 33.6 7.6 30.4 NW

April 39.3 13.0 8.5 NW

May 42.5 17.2 28.4 NW

June 43.1 19.5 145.2 C

July 39.0 19.7 280.4 C

August 36.4 20.3 307.5 C

September 35.9 18.4 133.0 C

October 34.7 12.6 21.9 C

November 31.0 6.5 9.4 C

December 26.9 2.7 21.9 C

Average 43.4 1.6 1059.3 C

(Source: Government of India, Indian Meteorological Department, Climatologically

Tables (1951-1980), 1999).


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Precipitation plays a role in the mitigation of pollutants from air to land, and can minimize

or eliminate wind erosion. For this assessment, the role of precipitation in the removal of

pollutants from the air was not considered in the modeling, as during the post-monsoon

season precipitation is not significant. As far as monthly average rainfall is concerned,

August month results in conservatively high ground level concentrations. As shown in

Table above, Chandigarh receives an annual total precipitation of 1059.3 mm. The

maximum mean monthly rainfall is 307.5 mm, which occurred in August, and minimum

monthly rainfall is 8.5 mm in April.

1. AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT

To establish the ambient air quality the studies were carried out during post monsoon

season (Sep- Nov) of the year 2013.

Ambient Air Sampling Ambient air quality sampling was carried out with the help of Respirable particulate matter

sampler “Respirable Dust Sampler” (RDS). The data generated by M/s Noida Testing

Labouratory Pvt. Ltd. for ambient air quality status within 10 km. radius of the existing

mine has been compiled along with micrometeorological conditions for particulars season.

Ambient Air Sampling Stations

Three sampling stations were established around the core zone within 10 km radius

to study the present air quality. The locations are given in Table 3.3 and the area

marked in Fig. 3.3.

Table 3.3: Air Monitoring Locations

Station

Code. Station Name Location with respect to Site

Distance

(Km)

Direction

A1 Project site (Kheda Mandir) - -

A2 Ujjal Majri (1) 1.32 NE

A3 Churan Village 0

.

5

W

Sampling Schedule Eight hourly samples were collected from each station round the clock, twice a week

for continuous one season.

Air quality parameter

The following parameters were analyzed for each sample.

Particulate Matter(PM10),

Sulphur Dioxide,

NOx,

Free Silica


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The sampling and testing of ambient air quality parameters were carried out as per

relevant parts of IS 5182. The brief details of testing procedure adopted are given in

Table 3.4.

Table 3.4: PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING VARIOUS AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS

Parameters Testing Procedure NAAQM Standard

(in ug/cum)

PM10

Gravimetric method using Respirable particulate

matter Sampler “ Respirable Dust Sampler” (RDS)

IS:5182(Part IV)1973

100

NOx

Absorption in dil. NaOH and then estimated

calorimetrically with sulphanilamide and N(I-

Nepthyle) Ethylene diamine, Dihydrochloride and

Hydrogen Peroxide(IS:5182 1975, Part VI)

80

SOx

Absorption in Sodium Tetra Chloro- Mercurate

followed by Colorimetric estimation using P-

Rosaniline hydrochloride and

Formaldehyde(IS:5182 Part II. 1969)

80

The detailed results of ambient air quality are given in table 3.5 to 3.8. Table 3.5: Ambient Air Quality (PM10 24-hr Concentration in ug/cum)

Station ►

Pro

ject

sit

e

Ked

a

Man

dir

Ajj

an

Majr

i

Ch

ura

n

Vil

lage

S. No.▼ Result

A1

A2

A3

Post Monsoon Season of Year 2013

1. Minimum 52.50 50.40 50.05

2. Maximum 65.04 65.41 61.57

3. Average 60.34 58.53 56.40 Source: Noida Testing Laboratory Pvt. Ltd.


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Table 3.6: Free silica in PM10 S. no. Test

parameters

Units Result Test method

A1 A2 A3 1. Free silica

in PM10

ug/cum 3.64 3.92 3.73 NIOSH 7601

Source: Noida Testing Laboratory Pvt. Ltd.

Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality

(SOx 24-hr Concentration in ug/cum)

Station ►

Pro

ject

sit

e

Ked

a M

an

dir

Ajj

an

Majr

i

Ch

ura

n V

illa

ge

S. No.▼ Result

A1

A2

A3


1. Minimum 8.45 7.24 9.97

2. Maximum 14.71 14.57 14.36


Table 3.8: Ambient Air Quality

(NOx 24-hr Concentration in ug/cum)

Station ►

Pro

ject

sit

e

Ked

a

Man

dir

Ajj

an

Majr

i

Ch

ura

n

Vil

lage

S. No.▼ Result

A1

A2

A3


1. Minimum 14.38 12.65 13.22

2. Maximum 20.47 23.45 21.56



63 | P a g e


Result and Analysis

Ambient Air quality monitoring shows that the maximum & minimum Concentration of

PM10 for all the 3 AAQM stations was found to be 65.41µg/m3 and 50.04 µg/m3

respectively which are within the prescribed limit of NAAQM standars (100 µg/m3).

As far as the gaseous pollutant SOx and NOx are concerned, the prescribed CPCB limit of

80 µg/m3 for residential and rural areas has never surpassed at any station. The minimum &

maximum concentrations of SOx & NOx were found to be 7.10 µg/m3 and 8.45

µg/m3 and 12.65 µg/m3 & 23.45 µg/m3 respectively. However, their maximum and

minimum average limited to 11.53 µg/m3 and 9.97 µg/m3 (for SOx) and 18.53 µg/m3 and

17.14 µg/m3 (for NOx) respectively.

Mineralogical Composition of PM10 in the Environment

Main constituents of PM10 are the inorganic ions, organic compounds, carbonaceous

species, elemental carbon and organic carbon. Free silica was found to be 3.64 to 3.92

µg/m3.

Wind Rose Wind speed of a site plays a vital role in predicting the extent of air pollution. It gives a

clear view about the extent to which air pollutants are carried before they touches the

ground.

Wind rose is diagrammatic representative of wind speed in a specified direction with its

arms representing sixteen directions; each arm gives a clear frequency distribution of wind

speed.

Figure 3:4: Wind Rose Diagram

:


64 | P a g e


2. NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise often defined as unwanted sound, interferes with speech communication, causes

annoyance, distracts from work, disturb sleep, thus deteriorating quality of human

environment. Noise Pollution survey has therefore been carried out.

Noise levels were measured residential areas and other settlements located within 10 km

radius around the site.

Noise Analysis within the study area

The noise analysis within the study area was recorded using 4-20, sound level meter. The

analysis reveals that the noise well within the permissible range. The location of Noise

level monitoring is presented in Table 3.9 & the levels recorded are as stated in Table

3.10.

Table 3.9: LOCATION OF NOISE MONITORING STATIONS

Station

Code.

Station Name Location with respect to Site

Distance (Km) Direction

N1 Project site (Churan Village) - -

N2 Sambhalwa Village 1.32 NW

N3 Ujjal Majri (1) 0.5 W

N4 Firozpur 2.1 SE

N5 Ujjal Majri (2) 1.05 SE

Table 3.10: NOISE LEVEL OF STUDIED AREA

Station

Code.

Station Name

Leq in dB (A) Day Leq in dB (A) Night

N1 Project site (Churan Village) 45.7 41.5

N2 Sambhalwa

Village

54.7 48.5

N3 Ujjal Majri (1) 51.4 43.4

N4 Firozpur 54.2 42.3

N5 Ujjal Majri (2) 44.8 40.3

Source : Noida Testing Laboratory Pvt. Ltd.


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Table 3.10 (A) CPCB NOISE STANDARD

Category of Zones

Leq in dB (A)

Day Night

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence Zone 50 40

a. Day time is from 6.00 Am to 10.00PM.

b. Night time is reckoned between 10.00 PM to 6.00AM

c. Silence zone is defined as an area up to 100m around premises of

hospitals, educational institution and courts. Use of vehicle horn,

loudspeaker and bursting of crackers is banned in these zones.

Note: Mixed categories of areas are declared as one of the four above

mentioned categories by the competent Authority and the

corresponding standards shall apply.

Result Ambient noise levels were measured at 5 locations around the site. Noise levels varies from

44.8 to 54.7 Leq dB(A) during day time and during night time noise levels ranges from

40.3 to 48.5 Leq dB(A). Thus noise levels at all locations were observed to be within the

prescribed limits.

From the above study and discussions it can be concluded that noise levels in the study area

are well and within the prescribed limits as prescribed by the CPCB.


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3. SOIL ENVIRONMENT

The soil in the district varies from thin and bare soil of high mountains to rich deep alluvial

soil of the valleys. In the hilly area i.e. northern part soils are veneer and brown in colour,

these are high base status soil of humid regions. In the southern part, combination of

shallow black, brown and alluvial soils are found.

The soil in the project affected area in general is quite shallow gravelly impregnated with

weathered fragments of parent rock and have developed under unique environment of

natural forest vegetation. Surface layer of soil up to 15-20 cm is of loamy sand with loose

and un-decomposed organic matter where as depth ranging from 15-50 cm is poor in

humus content. Rock has been weathering due to heavy rainfall. The clay soil is found on

river terrace due to aggradations process in river bed. The soil samples have been collected

from three locations for assessment of soil quality in project area. The location of Soil

samples is presented in Table 3.11 The results of soil sample analyzed is presented in Table

3.12 and depicted in Fig 3.

Table 3.11: LOCATION OF SOIL QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS

Station

Code.

Station

Name

Description Location with respect to

Site

Distance

(Km)

Direction

S1 Project Site Agri. Land - -

S2 Churan Village Agri Land 0.25

S3 Ujjan Majari Ag. Land 1.05 SE


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Table 3.12: SOIL SAMPLE ANALYSIS

S.No. PARAMETERTS UNIT S1

(Project

Site)

S2

(Churan

Village)

S3

(Ujjan

Majari)

TEST

METHOD

1. pH(1:5 suspension) -

7.36 7.12 7.28 IS:2720(Part-

26)

2. Electrical

Conductivity at

25OC

(1:5suspension.)

µS/cm 236 183 198 IS:2720(Part-

21)

3. Organic Matter % by mass

0.39 0.48 0.46 IS:2720(Part-

22)

4. Potassium (as K) mg/100 gm

0.41 0.49 0.56 STP/SOIL

5. Water Holding

Capacity

------

34 34.8 36.0 STP/SOIL

6. Texture ------

Loamy

sand

Loamy

sand

Loamy

sand

STP/SOIL

7.. Phosphorus(as P) mg/100 gm

18.63 26.60 24.80 STP/SOIL

8. Bulk Density gm /cc

1.16 1.14 1.17 STP/SOIL

9. Calcium mg/100 gm

1.96 2.16 2.09 STP/SOIL

10. Magnesium meq/100 gm

0.83 0.96 1.0 STP/SOIL

11. Sodium mg/100 gm

1.62 1.89 2.06 STP/SOIL

12. Iron (Fe2O3) mg/100 gm

18.36 21.30 21.80 STP/SOIL

13. Zinc (Zn) mg/100 gm

1.82 2.19 2.38 STP/SOIL

14. Manganese(Mn) mg/100 mg

1.31 1.63 1.59 STP/SOIL


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Table3.12 (A)

STANDARD OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION

S.NO. Parameter Classification

1. pH <4.5 extremely acidic

4.51-5.0 very strong acidic

5.01-5.5 strongly acidic

5.51-6.0 slightly acidic

6.51-7.3 Neutral

7.31-7.8 slightly alkaline

7.81-8.5 moderately alkaline

8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline

>9.0 Very strongly alkaline

2. Salinity Electrical

conductivity (mho/cm)

1 mho/cm=640 ppm

Up to 1.0 average

1-2 harmful to germination

2-3 harmful to crops

3. Nitrogen (Kg/ha) Up to 50 very less

51-100 less

110-150 good

151-300 better

>300 sufficient

4. Phosphorus (kg/ha) Up to 15very less

15-30 less

31-50medium

51-65 on average sufficient

66-80 sufficient

>80 more than sufficient

5. Potassium (kg/ha) 0-120 very less

120-180 less

180-240 medium

241-300 average

301-360 better

>360 more than sufficient

Soil is the media for supplying the nutrients for plant growth. Nutrients are

available to plants at certain pH of soils can reflect by addition of pollutants in it either

by air, or by water or by solid waste or by all of these. In order to establish the baseline

status of soil characteristics, soil samples were collected at 3 sampling location.


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The results of soil sample analyzed during Post Monsoon Season (October 2013) are

presented in above table for physical and chemical parameters. The result of soil analysis

shows that it is Neuteral to slightly alkaline in nature having pH values from 7.12 to

7.36. The soil texture is sandy laoam having predominantly Sand. The bulk density

varies from 1.14 to 1.17 gm/cc. The micronutrients have been found in all the samples.

4. WATER ENVIRONMENT

Ground water

Based on ground water contour plan it may be stated that working of the mine is unlikely to

intersect with the groundwater. Water quality of surface and ground water resources in core

and buffer zone of the study area has been studied for assessing the water environment.

Understanding of the water quality is essential in preparation of environmental impact

assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation

measures for implementation. The purpose of this study is to:

Assess the water characteristics for critical parameters;

Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions,

recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and

Prediction of impact on water quality through this project related

activities.

The quality and quantity of ground water differ over area, as these depend on the physical

and chemical parameters and also on topographical and hydro geological characteristics of

the area.

Methodology for ground water monitoring

Reconnaissance survey was undertaken to finalize monitoring locations. The background

behind the selection of monitoring locations can be-

• Drainage pattern;

• Likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions

Ground water samples were examined for physico-chemical & bacteriological parameters

in order to assess effect of mining activities on surface and groundwater. The samples were

collected and analyzed as per procedures specified in ‘Standard Method for the

Examination of Water and Wastewater’ published by American Public Health Association

(APHA). Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples

for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-

chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing

water quality status in the study area. Parameters like Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen

(DO) and pH were analyzed at the time of sample collection.


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Ground Water Sampling Locations

Ground Water samples were collected from three (3) handpump, which are commonly used

for drinking purposes. These samples were taken as grab samples and were analyzed for

various parameters and compared with the standards for drinking water as for IS: 10500.

The water sampling locations are listed below in Table 3.13.

Table 3.13: Details of Ground Water Sampling Location

Sr. No Location Code Description

1 GW-1 Project site near Kedar Mandir

2 GW-2 Ujjan Majari

3 GW-3 Churan Village

The results of the ground water samples collected at two different sites are given in Table

3.14.

Table 3.14: Details of Ground Water Sampling Result

Organoleptic & Physical Parameters

S.NO Para

meter

Test method (GW1) Ujjan

Majari

Churan

Village

Unit Requirem

ent

(Acceptabl

e Limit)

Permissible

Limit in

absence of

alternate

source

1. Colou

r

IS-3025(P-04) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Hazen

Unit

5 15

2. Odour IS-3025(P-05) Agreea

ble

Agreea

ble

Agreeable - Agreeable Agreeable

3. Taste IS-3025(P-07

& 08)

Agreea

ble

Agreea

ble

Agreeable - Agreeable -

4. Turbi

dity

IS-3025(P-10) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 NTU 1 5

5. pH

value

IS-3025(P-04) 7.77 7.94 7.54 - 6.5-8.5 -

6. Total

dissol

ve

solid (

TDS)

IS-3025(P-16) 360 310 408 mg/l 500 2000


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General Parameters Concerning Substances Undesirable in Excessive Amounts

S.

NO

Parameter Test

method

GW1 Ujjan

Majari

Churan

Village

Unit Require

ment

(Accepta

ble

Limit)

Permissible

Limit in

absence of

alternate

source

1. Aluminum (as

Al)

IS: 3025

(P- 55)

<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 mg/l 0.03 0.2

2. Phenolic

compound

(C6H5)

IS:3025 (P-

43)

<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 mg/l 0.001 0.002

3. Anionic

surface

Detergents(as

MBAS)

Annex K of

IS-13428

<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mg/l 0.2 1.0

4. Boron (as B) IS: 3025

(P- 57)

0.22 0.39 0.36 mg/l 0.5 1.0

5. Calcium (as

Ca)

IS: 3025

(P- 40)

70.54 64.13 88.18 mg/l 75 200

6. Chloride (as

Cl)

IS: 3025

(P- 32)

8.51 10.64 2.13 mg/l 250 1000

7. Copper (as Cu) IS : 3025

(P-42)

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 mg/l 0.05 1.5

8. Fluoride (as F) IS: 3025

(P-60)

0.69 0.59 0.65 mg/l 1.0 1.5

9. Iron (as Fe) IS: 3025(P-

53)

0.092 0.18 0.16 mg/l 0.3 No

Relaxation

10. Magnesium (as

mg)

IS: 3025

(P-46)

21.38 17.50 20.41 mg/l 30 100

11. Magnese (as

Mn)

Clause 35

of IS 3025

<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mg/l 0.1 0.3

12. Mineral Oil Clause 6

of IS: 3025

<0.5 <0.5 <0.5 mg/l 0.5 No

Relaxation

13. Nitrate (as

NO3)

IS: 3025

(P- 34)

8.23 4.36 4.96 mg/l 45 No

Relaxation

14. Selenium (as

Se)

IS: 3025

(P- 56)

<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 mg/l 0.01 No

Relaxation

15. Sulphate (as

SO4)

IS: 3025

(P- 24)

31.34 19.63 21.63 mg/l 200 400

16. Alkalinity ( as

Ca CO3)

IS: 3025

(P- 23)

288.6 237.90 362.7 mg/l 200 600


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17. Total hardness

(as CaCO3)

IS: 3025

(P- 23)

264.0 232.0 304.0 mg/l 200 600

18. Zinc (as Zn) IS: 3025

(P- 49)

0.32 0.19 <0.01 mg/l 5.0 15

Microbiological Requirement

RESULTS

S.No. Parameter Test

Method

GW1 Ujjan

Majari

Churan

Village

Required as per IS-

10500:2012

1. E.Coli IS-1622 Absent Absent Absent Absent/250ml

2. Total

Coliform

IS-1622 Absent Absent Absent Absent/250ml

The results for the ground water samples collected with the study area and compared with

standard limits as this well water is used for drinking purposes as well as other recreational

purposes.

As per IS-10500 standards the pH value are within the limits and varies from 7.54 to 7.94.

Total dissolved solids were found between 310 to 408 mg/l. Calcium and Magnesium are

observed to be in the range of 64.13 to 88.18 mg/l and 17.50 to 21.38 mg/l respectively.

The Arsenic(As) , Manganese (Mn) analysis results were slightly more from the prescribed

limits and it was revealed that the parameters like Fluoride, Iron, Copper, Phenolic

Compounds, Mercury, Cadmium, Zinc, Nitrate, Chlorides values of the various locations

are within the prescribed limits.. MPN values are found within limit for both the sites.

Surface Water

There are numerous nallah for perennial surface water source around the study area. It is

drained through contour drains. During the site visit and baseline study period it was

observed that no first order stream passes through the lease area. Several seasonal streams

arise from the slope of the hill range that ultimately drains into Gumti River, Run Nadi,

Sukka Nadi, Begna Nadi, etc. This entire river is seasonal therefore water available in this

river is only during monsoon season.

Surface Water Sampling Locations

Surface water samples were collected at one location within the study zone these samples

were taken as grab samples and were analyzed for various parameters and compared with

the standards IS: 2296. Details of surface water sampling locations are mentioned in Table

3.15


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Table 3.15: Details of Surface Water Sampling Locations

Sl No Location Code Description

1 SW-1 Gumti River

Table 3.16: Results of Surface Water Samples

Organoleptic & Physical Parameters

S.N

O.

Parameter Test method Result Unit Requireme

nt

(Acceptabl

e Limit)

Permissible

Limit in

absence of

alternate

source

1. Colour IS-3025(P-04) <1.0 Hazen

Unit

5 15

2. Odour IS-3025(P-05) Agreeable - Agreeable Agreeable

3. Taste IS-3025(P-07

& 08)

Agreeable - Agreeable -

4. Turbidity IS-3025(P-10) <1.0 NTU 1 5

5. pH value IS-3025(P-04) 8.54 - 6.5-8.5 -

6. Total dissolve solid

( TDS)

IS-3025(P-16) 268 mg/l 500 2000

General Parameters Concerning Substances Undesirable in Excessive Amounts

S.NO

.


nt

(Acceptabl

e Limit)

Permissible

Limit in

absence of

alternate

source

1. Aluminum (as

Al)

IS: 3025 (P- 55) <0.01 mg/l 0.03 0.2

2. Phenolic

compound

(C6H5)

IS:3025 (P-43) <0.001 mg/l 0.001 0.002

3. Anionic surface

Detergents(as

MBAS)

Annex K of IS-

13428

<0.1 mg/l 0.2 1.0

4. Boron (as B) IS: 3025 (P- 57) 0.29 mg/l 0.5 1.0

5. Calcium (as Ca) IS: 3025 (P- 40) 24.05 mg/l 75 200

6. Chloride (as Cl) IS: 3025 (P- 32) 8.51 mg/l 250 1000

7. Copper (as Cu) IS : 3025 (P-42) <0.05 mg/l 0.05 1.5


74 | P a g e


S.NO

.


nt

(Acceptabl

e Limit)

Permissible

Limit in

absence of

alternate

source

8. Fluoride (as F) IS: 3025 (P-60) 0.76 mg/l 1.0 1.5

9. Iron (as Fe) IS: 3025(P-53) 0.23 mg/l 0.3 No Relaxation

10. Magnesium (as

mg)

IS: 3025 (P-46) 8.75 mg/l 30 100

11. Magnese (as

Mn)

Clause 35 of IS

3025

<0.1 mg/l 0.1 0.3

12. Mineral Oil Clause 6 of IS:

3025

<0.5 mg/l 0.5 No Relaxation

13. Nitrate (as NO3) IS: 3025 (P- 34) 6.52 mg/l 45 No Relaxation

14. Selenium (as Se) IS: 3025 (P- 56) <0.01 mg/l 0.01 No Relaxation

15. Sulphate (as

SO4)

IS: 3025 (P- 24) 25.30 mg/l 200 400

16. Alkalinity ( as

Ca CO3)

IS: 3025 (P- 23) 195.0 mg/l 200 600

17. Total hardness

(as CaCO3)

IS: 3025 (P- 23) 96.0 mg/l 200 600

18. Zinc (as Zn) IS: 3025 (P- 49) 0.16 mg/l 6.0 15

Microbiological Requirement

RESULTS

S.No

.

Parameter Test Method Results Required as per

IS-10500:2012

1. E.Coli IS-1622 Absent Absent/250ml

2. Total Coliform IS-1622 Absent Absent/250ml

The results for surface water samples collected within the study area were compared with

standard limits. The pH was found to be in the range of 8.54, TSS were in the range of 268

mg/l, Calcium and Magnesium are found to be the range of 24.05 mg/l, and 8.75 mg/l

respectively. Remaining all the parameters including trace elements were within the limits

or below detectable limits as per standard prescribed under Environment Protection Rule

1986


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5. LAND ENVIRONMENT

Land use of Study Area (Buffer Zone)

The total land resource of the study area is divided into following categories:-

Agricultural land

Agri. Fallow land

Dry river bed

Settlement

Vegetation

Barren land

DATA INPUT

IRS LISS3 Multispectral digital FCC (False Color Composite) data from NRSC Bhuwan

Portal has been used for preparation of Land use/ Land cover thematic map of study area.

Project site mine plan map & Google maps and Toposheet has been used as a reference

map for preparation of base layer map like road, rail network, project site boundary,

landmarks point etc.

Technical Details

Satellite Image IRS LISS3

Band Combination 2,3,4

DIP Software ERDAS Imagine 9.2 & Arc GIS 9

METHODOLOGY

Land use / Land cover map preparation, Base map creation; and Geometric correction of

satellite image has been processed using ERDAS Imagine 9.2 Software.

The methodology used for Land use pattern of study area is explained in following

headings.

a) GEOREFERENCING OF TOPOMAPS

SOI toposheet has been geo-referenced in geographic lat/long coordinate system

using ERDAS Imagine Software.

b) BASE MAP LAYER CREATION

Project site mine plan map & Google maps and geo-referenced toposheet has used as

a reference map for base layer creation. In base layer linear, polygon and point feature like

road, rail, canal, village location and project site have been created in vector data format.


76 | P a g e


Base map layer information has been used for analysis of surrounding feature like road,

rail, and village location near project site activity through superimposed on thematic map

for data integration.

Finally, the area not available for cultivation includes and not covered by above eleventh

categories, i.e. mostly, the area covered by hills, valleys, structures, roads etc.

The land use of study area is given as under:-

The landuse within 5 km radius of the mining lease are comprise of Agricultural land,

Agricultural fallow land, Dry river bed, Settlements, barren land etc. Area wise details of

the land use within 5 km of the project boundary is given in Table 3.17

Table 3.17: Land Use Pattern Based on Satellite Image

Class Area (sq.km)

Agricultural land 17.67

Agri. Fallow land 23.48

Dry river bed 4.90

Settlement 0.92

Vegetation 28.47

Barren land 3.49

Total 78.93

Figure 3:5: Land use within 5 km from project Boundary


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3.3.7 BIOLOGICAL EVIRONMENT

a) Forest Resource of State

Himachal Pradesh, predominantly a mountainous state in the Western Himalayas, has a

geographical area of 55,673 km2. The state has three distinct regions viz. the Shiwaliks

with altitudes upto 1,500m, middle Himalaya region between 1,500m to 3,000m and the

Himadris higher than 3,000m.

The recorded forest area of the state is 37,033km sq. which is 66.52% of its geographical

area. The reserve forest constitutes 5.13%, Protected Forest 89.46 % and Un-class Forest

5.41%.

The forest cover in the state, based on interpretation of satellite data of Oct – Dec 2008, is

14,679km sq. which is 26.37% of the state’s geographical area. In terms of forest canopy

density classes, the state has 3,224 km sq. area under very dense forest, 6,381 km sq. area

under moderate dense forest and 5,074 sq. km. under open forest cover area. The forest

cover of the state is given in Figure 3.6

Figure 3:6: Forest Cover of Himachal Pradesh State

No wildlife Sanctuary or National Park declared protected under “The wildlife Protection

Act – 1972” is located within 10 km from the project boundary. The nearest Wildlife

protected area is Simbalbara Sanctuary which is about 36.34 km towards East of mining

site. Figure 3.7 gives the location of national park and wildlife sanctuary in Himachal

Pradesh.

Project Location


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Figure 3:7: Location of wildlife Protected Area in Himachal Pradesh State

b) Forest Resource of District

Sirmaur District has 2,825 km2 of geographical area of this 130 km2 is under very dense

forest, 568 km2 moderate dense forest and 687km2 under open forest. The district has 56

km2 under scrub cover (Source: State Forest Report – 2011).

No forest land will be diverted for mining of minor minerals.

c) Migratory Route of Avifauna:

No migratory route of avifauna is reported in study area. No wetland which provide

roosting, wintering or breeding ground is reported within 10 from project boundary.

d) Study Area of Terresterial Ecology

The District has a number of springs and streams, which can be found in the hills, and

woods of the area. The present ecological study in the study area was undertaken with the

objectives of preparing a checklist of flora, fauna and avifauna in the submergence area and

in the study area, listing of rare/endangered species for flora and fauna, economically

important and medicinal plant species etc. The biological survey was carried out in forested

area (village forest, and community forest), and non-forested area (agricultural field,

riverside, plain areas, village wasteland etc). Secondary data collected from various

Government Departments and project authority to substantiate primary data. With 10 km (radial distance from the proposed mining lease) study area was taken for the

assessment of terrestrial ecology of flora and fauna based on topography, land use,

vegetation pattern, etc. The observations were taken in agriculture fields, hills, plain area,

and village wasteland prescribed by the objectives and guidelines for Preliminary

Environmental Examination. All observations were taken during the month of October

2013.


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Survey Methodology

Flora The present study on the floral assessment for the proposed project activity is based on

extensive field survey of the area. The study has been conducted in summer season. The

plant species were identified with the help of taxonomists of related fields and nearby

Institutions. Besides the collection of plant species, information was also collected with

vernacular names of plant species made by local inhabitants. In this process the whole study

area was divided into different sections to get the maximum diversity of plant species. The

sampling sites were selected based on land use pattern, topography and floristic

composition of the study area. The other relevant data on bio-diversity, like economically

important plant species and medicinal plant, Rare and endangered species in the study area

have been collected from secondary sources like forest and wild life departments.

Fauna The study of fauna takes substantial amount of time to understand the specific faunal

characteristics of the area. The assessment of fauna have been done on the bases secondary

data collected from different government offices like forest department, wildlife department

etc. The presence of wildlife was also confirmed from the local inhabitants depending on

the animal sightings and the frequency of their visits in the project area. In addition review

of secondary data was another source of information for studying the fauna of the area. In

addition the following sources were also used.

Physical/active search, covering rocks, burrows, hollow inspection and location of

nesting sites and

Habitat assessment etc.

Avifauna Avifauna species present and relative abundance of species in different habitat were

surveyed by transects count. In addition to direct count, avifaunal species also identified

using their call. Birds were noted, counted and identified with the help of Nikon 50

binocular and standard field identification guides. All records were reviewed under

IUCN and Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 for their conservation status.

Forest and forest types observed in the study area According to the revised classification of the forest types of India by Champion and Seth

(1968) the following forest types are generally observed in the study area.

a) Group 5- Tropical dry deciduous forest

(Sub group 5B-Northern tropical dry deciduous forest)

b) Group 9- Sub tropical pine forest

(Sub group C, - Himalayan sub-tropical forest)

c) Group 12- Himalayan moist temperature forest


80 | P a g e


These forests occur almost in the entire tracts of the study area. The forests are

characterized by the presence of entirely broad leaved deciduous trees. Anogeissus latifolia

(chal) is an important species in this type. Other dominant species found in the study area

are Acacia catechu, Bauhinia variegata, Bombax ceiba, Cassia fistula, Emblica officinalis,

Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia tomentosa etc.

The understory consists of shrubby undergrowth with some evergreen xerophtic species.

The lantana bushes found to be dominant all over the study area with other associates like

Acacia pennata, Aegle marmelos, Barhinia vahlii, Caesalpinia sepiaria, Flacourtia indica,

Grewia oppositifolia, Holarrhena antidysentrica, Mimosa rubicaulis and Zizyphus

nummularia etc. The only Bamboo species observed in the study area is Dendrocalamus

strictus. The Bamboo clumps area found in pure patches and also as mixed with deciduous

species, thorny bushes and grasses. The species which found in close association with

bamboo are Anogeissus latifolia, Lannea grandis, Acacia catechu, Cassia fistula, Lantana

camara, Adathoda vasica etc. Floral diversity in Study Area

Core Zone The core zone of the study area is the mining lease area. The core area is having some

grasses and very little shrubby vegetation. The common species of grasses existing in

this area are Chrysopogon fulvus, Chrysopogon gryllus, Chrysopogon montanus,

Cymbonpogon martini and Cynodon dactylon etc. The common shrubs observed in this

area are Ipomea spp, Calotropis procera, Agave Americana, Polygonum capitatum, Cassia

tora, Indigofera gerardiana and Euphorbia spp, Lantana camara etc.

The photograph of plant species repoted in the Core Zone

Lantana Camera Munja


81 | P a g e


Dub grass covered ground Dub Grass cover ground

Buffer Zone

The buffer zone is covered by moderate to slightly steep hills with varying slope. The entire

tract is hilly and is covered by mixed vegetation. The vegetation observed on the hill slope

is scattered and deciduous type.

The dominant species observed in the study area are Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia catechu,

Albizzia lebbek, Anogeissius latifolia, Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Pinus

roxburghii and Eucalyptus spp. Some other tree species observed in the study area are

Aegle marmelos, Albizzia procera, Bauhinia racemosa, Cassia fistula, Ficus bengalensis,

Ficus religiosa, Moringa oleifera, Phoenix sylvestris, Terminalia arjuna, Zizyphus

mauritiana etc

Other associates which are commonly found with bamboo plant are Anogeissu latifolia,

Lannea grandis, Acacia catechu, Cassia fistula, Lantana camara, Adathoda vasica. Other

associate species in Kasauli region are Aegle marmelos, Anogeissus latifolia, Emblica

officinalis, Terminalia belerica, Syzygium cumini etc.

The shrub species observed in the buffer area are Adathoda vasica, Clerodendron

phlomidis, Datura stramonium, Indigofera hirsute, Jatropha curcas, Lantana camara,

Nyctanthes arbour-tristis, Vitex negundo, Zizyphus jujube, Ipomea spp,, Calotropis procera,

Agave Americana, Polygonum capitatum, Cassia tora, Indigofera gerardiana and Euphorbia

spp etc. The list of plant species recorded in the study area is given in Table 3.18

Medicinal plants The common herbal medicinal flora of the study area consists of Dalbergia sissoo,

Acacia catechu, Albizzia lebbek, Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Pinus roxburghii

Eucalyptus spp. Aegle marmelos, Ficus bengalensis, Moringa oleifera, Terminalia arjuna

etc


82 | P a g e


Threatened Flora

Threatened taxa are those species (including flora and fauna), which are vulnerable to

endangerment in the near future. Threatened status of any taxa is not a single category but

is a group of the categories; critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable. On the

application of different criteria of IUCN for the assessment of conservation status of taxa,

no taxa were found threatened in the study area. The reported taxa have also not been

enlisted in the Red Data Book of Indian plants. Fauna

Faunal assessment provides a basis for determining relative abundance and rarity of each

species which is important for assessing the diversity of fauna of a particular area. Since

animals are capable of movements from one place to another, this makes their study

entirely different. Different animals prefer different types of habitat for food and shelter.

The animal life of an area is dependent upon the vegetation and there are countless

relationships between the species composing an animal community. During the survey the species like mongoose and languor were observed around the

mine lease area. According to the information collected from different offices and local

people Hare, squirrel, Langur, Field rat, mongooses were observed in the study area.

During the faunal investigation no Schedule-I species observed in the study area. The list of

faunal elements found in the study area is given in Table no.3.19. The lower reaches of

study area are very warm and provide an ideal habitat for many snakes and other reptiles.

Common reptiles found in the study area are house lizard and rock lizard etc. List of

reptiles available in the study area are presented in Table 3.20.

The Sirmour forest division has variety of wildlife due to the diversity of vegetation type

that occurs due to the altitudinal variation.siyar, lomri, jungli suar, kakkar are sometimes

found in the study area as narrated by local people. Commonly found animals in the study

area are khargosh, langur, Bandar, Neola etc.

Avifauna The common birds which are observed during the survey Black Winged Kite (Elanus

carruleus), House Crow (Corvus splendens), Redvented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer ), Black

Drongo (Dicrurus adsimilis), Crow pheasant (Centropus sinensis ), Magpie robin

(Copsychus saularis), Jungle Crow (Corvus macrorhynchos), Jungle Babbler (Turdoides

striartus). These species are observed near vegetation. The species which are observed near

or around water bodies are White Breasted kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis ), Pied

Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis), Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis), Wagtail Yellow (Motacilla flava),

Blue Jay (Coracias benghalensi), Green Bee eater (Merops orientalis) and Redwhiskered

Bulbul (Pycnonotus Jocosus). Some species like House Sparrow (Passer domcshticus),

Indian Robin (Saxicoloides fulicata), Rose ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri), Common

Myna (Acridotheres Grisea) are observed near villages or near human settlements. The list

of bird species observed in the study area are presented in Table 3.21


83 | P a g e


Endangered & Vulnerable Animals

A comprehensive central legislation namely Wild Life (Protection) act was enforced in

1972. This law provides protection to wild animals and for matters related to their ancillary

or incidental death. Not a single species were observed to be threatened in the study area.

Table 3.18: List of Common plant species observed in the study

area

Sr.

No.

Botanical Name

Local Name

Family

Trees

1. Acacia catechu Khair Leguminosae

2. Acer oblongum Parang Sapindaceae

3. Aegle marmelos Bel Rutaceae

4. Aesculus indica Khanor Urticaceae

5. Albizzia chinensis Siris Leguminosae

6. Albizzia lebbek Siris Leguminosae

7. Albizzia odoratissima Kala Siris Leguminosae

8. Albizzia procera Safed Siris Leguminosae

9. Anogeissius latifolia Chhal, Dhau, Bakli Combretaceae

10. Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae

11. Bauhinia purpurea Lal Karal Legumin

osae-

Caesalpin

ieae

12. Bauhinia racemosa Karal Legumin

osae-

Caesalpin

ieae

13. Bauhinia variegate Kachnar, Papri Legumin

osae-

Caesalpin

ieae 14. Boechmeria rugulosa Shingar, Genthi Urticaceae

15. Bombax ceiba Semal Malvaceae 16. Butea monosperma Dhak, Palah Leguminosae 17. Campsis grandiflora Delaun Bignoniaceae

18. Casearia elliptica Gotlu, Chilla Samydaceae

19. Cassia fistula Amaltas Leguminosae

20. Cedrela serrata Dauri Meliaceae

21. Cedrela toona Toon Meliaceae

22. Cedrus deodara Deodar Prinaceae


84 | P a g e


Sr.

No.

Botanical Name

Local Name

Family

23. Celtis australis Khirik Urticaceae

24. Cordial dichotoma Lasura Boraginaceae

25. Cornus capitata Thumbi Cornaceae

26. Cupressus torulosa Saru Coniferae

27. Dalbergia sissoo Shisham Leguminosae

28. Dendrocalamus strictus Bans Graminae

29. Ehretia laevis Chamror Boraginaceae

30. Ehretia serrata Pandayan Boraginaceae

31. Elaeodendron glaucum Morindu, Mirgu Celastraceae

32. Emblica officinalis Amla Leguminosae

33. Engelhardtia

colebrookian

a

Samma Juglandaceae

34. Erythrina suberosa Dhaul, Padiara Legumimosae

35. Eucalyptus globules Safeda Myrtaceae

36. Eugenia jambolana var.

Caryophyllifolia

Kathaman Myrtaceae

37. Ficus bengalensis Bar, Bargad Urticaceae

38. Ficus glomerata Fagura Urticaceae

39. Ficus palmate Dhura, Fegra Urticaceae

40. Ficus religiosa Peepal Urticaceae

41. Flacourtia indica Kangu Bixaceae

42. Garuga pinnata Kharpat Burseraceae

43. Glochidion velutinum Saman Euphorbiaceae

44. Grewia oppositifolia Dhaman, Biul Tiliaceae

45. Grewia populifolia - Tiliaceae

46. Hamiltonia sauveolans - Rubiaceae

47. Holarrhen

antidysentric

a

Maror phalli Apocynaceae

48. Jacaranda mimosaefolia Jacaranda Scrophulariaceae

49. Juglans regia Akhrot Juglandaceae

50. Kydia calycina Pula Malvaceae

51. Lagerstroemia indica Harsinghar Lythraceae

52. Lannea grandis Jhingan Anacardiaceae


85 | P a g e


Sr.

No.

Botanical Name

Local Name

Family

53. Limonia acidissima Barnasi Rutaceae

54. Litsea glutinosa Chandana Lauraceae

55. Lyonia ovalifolia Ayar, Ailan Ericaceae

56. Machilus odoratissima Bajhaul Lauraceae

57. Maesa indica Burkain Myrsinaceae

58. Mallotus philippinensis Kamal, Kamela Euphorbiaceae

59. Mangifera indica Aam Anacardiaceae

60. Melia azadirach Drek Meliaceae

61. Milletia auriculata Shama Meliaceae

62. Mitragyna parviflora Kaem, Phaldu Rubiaceae

63. Moringa oleifera Sanjna Moringaceae

64. Morus alba Shahtoot Urticaceae

65. Morus serrata Toot Urticaceae

66. Morus nagi Kaphal Myricaceae

67. Nerium indicum Kaner Apocynaceae

68. Olea cuspidate Kahu Oleaceae

69. Olea glandulifera Jharinu Oleaceae

70. Oroxylum indicum Tat-palanga Bignoneaceae

71. Ougenia oojeinensis Sandan Leguminosae

72. Persea gamblei Bhadrol Lauraceae

73. Phoenix sylvestris Khajoor Palmae

74. Pinus roxburghii Chil, Chir Coniferae

75. Pistacea integerrima Kakkar Anacardiaceae

76. Populous ciliate Poplar Salicaceae

77. Populous deltoidea Poplar Salicaceae

78. Prunus armeniaca Khumani Rosaceae

79. Prunus persica Aru Rosaceae

80. Prunus puddum Paja Rosaceae

81. Prunus granatum Daru Lythraceae

82. Putranjiva roxburghii Jaipota Euphorbiaceae

83. Pyrus communis Nashpati Rosaceae

84. Pyrus pashia Kainth Rosaceae


86 | P a g e


Sr.

No.

Botanical Name

Local Name

Family

85. Quercus glauca Bani Cupuliferae

86. Quercus

leucotichophor

a

Ban Cupuliferae

87. Rhododendn

arboretum

Buras, brass Ericaceae

88. Robinia pseudoacacia Rubinia Leguminosae

89. Salix alba Badah Salicaceae

90. Salix pyrina Biuns Salicaceae

91. Sapinudus mukorossi Ritha, Soap nut Sapindaceae

92. Sapium insigne Baloje, Khirni Urticaceae

93. Stereospermum

sauveolans

Padal Bignoneaceae

94. Schleichera oleosa Kusum Sapindaceae

95. Syzygium cumini Jamun Myrtaceae

96. Tecoma stans Trumpet flower Bignoniaceae

97. Terminalia arjuna Arjun Combretaceae

98. terminalia belerica Bahera Combretaceae

99. Terminalia chebula Harar Combretaceae

100. Terminalia tomentosa Sain Combretaceae

101. Trewia nudiflora Gamhar Euphorbiaceae

102. Wendlandia exserta Chila, Pansara Rubiaceae

103. Xylosma longifolium Chirandi Bixaceae

104. Zanthoxylum armatum Trimal Rutaceae

105. Zizyphus mauritiana Ber Rhamnaceae

Shrubs and Herbs

1. Adathoda vasica Basuti Bcanthaceae

2. Agave Americana Ram Ban Amaryllidaceae

3. Agave cantala -do- Amaryllidaceae

4. Ageratum conyzoides Neela phulnu Asteraceae

5. anaphalis adnata Bujlu Asteraceae

6. Anaphalis vulgaris Charmar Asteraceae

7. Arisaema wallichianum Cobra plant Asteraceae


87 | P a g e


Sr.

No.

Botanical Name

Local Name

Family

8. Arundinaria falcate Nar, Piuli Gramineae

9. Asclepias curasavica - Asclepiadaceae

10. Asparagus racemosus Sataron, Sansarmul Liliaceae

11. Bambusa arundinacea Kanta bans Gramineae

12. Berberis aristata Kashmal Berberidaceae

13. Berberis chitria Kasmal Berberidaceae

14. Berberis lyceum Kashmal Berberidaceae

15. Bergenia ligulata Pathal Tor Saxifragaceae

16. Boenninghausenia

albiflora

Pissumar buti -

17. Buddleia paniculata Durpa Siaru Loganiaceae

18. Caesalpinia decapitata - Leguminosae

19. Calotropis procera Aak Asclepiadaceae

20. Cannabis sativa Bhang, wild hemp Urticaceae

21. Capparis aphylla Karir Capparidaceae

22. Carissa opaca Karaunda Apocynaceae

23. Cassia tora Ailu Leguminosae

esalpiniea

e

24. Chenopodium album Bathu Chenopodiaceae

25. Clerodendron phlomidis Dhak, Kari Verbenaceae

26. Cochlospermum

gossypium

Kumb Bixaceae

27. Cordial vestita Lasuri Boraginaceae

28. Coriaria nepalensis Nachhar Coriariaceae

29. Cotoneaster bacillaris Baint Rosaceae

30. Cotoneaster microphylla Chamror Rosaceae

31. Crotolaria albida Leguminosae

32. Daphne cannabina Satbarna Thymelaeaceae

33. Datura stramonium Dhatura Solanaceae

34. Debregeasia hypoleuca Siharu Urticaceae

35. Desmodium tiliaefolium Matoi Leguminosae

36. Dodonea viscose Mehndar Sapindaceae

37. Deutzia corymbosa Philru Saxifragaceae


88 | P a g e


Sr.

No.

Botanical Name

Local Name

Family

38. Duranta plumier - Verbanaceae

39. Elsholtzia fruticosa Potha Labiatae

40. Euonymus pendulus Bharmela Celastraceae

41. Euphorbia royaleana Thor Euphorbiaceae

42. Flemingia chappar Chhanchra Leguminosae

43. Fragaria indica - Ranunculaceae

44. Gerardiana heterophylla Bichhu buti Urticaceae

45. Glycosmis pentaphylla Ban Nimbu Rutaceae

46. Hippophae rhamnoides Gaihiu Elaeagnaceae

47. Llex dipyrena Kanderu Hicaceae

48. Indigofera gerardiana Kathi Papilionaceae

49. Indigofera hirsute Kathi Papilionaceae

50. Indigofera pulchella Kathi, Nil Papilionaceae

51. Iris nepalensis - Liliaceae

52. Jasminum humile Malti Oleaceae

53. Jasminum multiforum Ban Malti Oleaceae

54. Jasminum officinale Dhur malti Oleaceae

55. Jatropha curcas Jamalghota Euphorbiaceae

56. Lantana camara Phul Lakri Verbenaceae

57. Loranthus longiflorous Narate Loranthaceae

58. Menthe arvensis Ban Pudina Labiatae

59. Mimosa rubicaulis Karingan Leguminosaceae

60. Murraya koenigii Gandhela Rutaceae

61. Myrsine Africana Jhunjhra Myrsinaceae

62. Nyctanthes arbour-tristis Harsingar, Kura Oleaceae

63. Opuntia dillenii Nagphani Cactaceae

64. Plectranthus rugosus Chhichari, Kathal Labiatae

65. Polygonum capitatum - Polygonaceae

66. Prinsepia utilis Bhekhal Rosaceae

67. Randia dumetorum Rara Rubiaceae

68. Randia tetrasperma Jundru Rubiaceae

69. Rhamnus virgata Thalta Rhamnaceae


89 | P a g e


Sr.

No.

Botanical Name

Local Name

Family

70. Rhus cotinus Tung Anacardiaceae

71. Rhus punjabensis Tittar Anacardiaceae

72. Rhus semialata Bankhor Anacardiaceae

73. Rosa moshata Kuja Rosaceae

74. Rubus ellipticus Heer Rosaceae

75. Rubus macilentus Akha Rosaceae

76. Rumex hastatus Chulmora Polygonaceae

77. Rumex nepalensis Jungli Palak Polygonaceae

78. Salvia glutinosa Makhiar Labiatae

79. Sarcococca saligna Diun Euphorbiacaeae

80. Solanum indicum Ban Tambaku Solanceae

81. Strobilanthus alatus - Acanthaceae

82. Triumfetta pilosa - Tiliaceae

83. Urtica dioca Bichhu buti Urticaceae

84. Viburnum coriaceum Basmol, Talanj Caprifoliaceae

85. Viburnum mullaha Ire Caprifoliaceae

86. Viburnum punctatum Shawange Caprifoliaceae

87. Vitex negundo Bana Verbanaceae

88. Viola canescens Banafsha Violaceae

89. Woodfordia floribunda Dhai Lythraceae

90. Zizyphus jujube Beri Rhamnaceae

Climbers

1. Acacia pennata Agla, Kandiali Leguminosae

2. Bauhinia wahlii Taur, Maljhan Leguminosae

3. Caesalpinia sepiaria Kanderi Leguminosae

4. Campsis grandiflora Chinese Trumpet

creeper

Bignoniaceae

5. Clematis Montana Garol Ranunculaceae

6. Clematis nutans Chibru, Machrun Ranunculaceae

7. Cuscuta reflexa Seragbali, Akashbel Ranunculaceae

8. Hedera helix Mithiari, Kareni Araliaceae


90 | P a g e


Sr.

No.

Botanical Name

Local Name

Family

9. Parthenocissus

semicordata

Baulan, Pani bel Vitaceae

10. Rosa moschata Kuja Rosaceae

11. Smilax niveus Ushwa Liliaceae

12. Smilax parviflora Jhanjhrola, Ushwa Liliaceae

13. Trachlospermum

fragrans

- Apocyanceae

14. Trachclospermum

lucidum

Kali Dudhi Apocynaceae

Bamboos and Grasses

1. Andropogon Spp. - Graminae

2. Agropyron

longearistatu

m

- Graminae

3. Agrostis tenuis - Graminae

4. Aristida depressa Lambi Graminae

5. Arundinaria falcate Nirgaal Graminae

6. Arundinella nepalensis - Graminae

7. Bambusa arundinacea Kanta bans Graminae

8. Bothriocloa pertusa - Graminae

9. Brachiaria villosa - Graminae

10. Bromus Spp. - Graminae

11. Chrysopogon fulvus Dholu Graminae

12. Chrysopogon gryllus Dholu Graminae

13. Chrysopogon montanus Dholu Graminae

14. Cymbonpogon martini Makora Graminae

15. Cynodon dactylon Dub Graminae

16. Dendrocalamum strictus Bans/Male

Bamboo

Graminae

17. Dendrocalamus

hamiltonii

Magar bans Graminae

18. Dicanthium annulatum - Graminae

19. Eulatiopsis binata Bhabbar Graminae

20. Festuca Spp. - Graminae


91 | P a g e


Sr.

No.

Botanical Name

Local Name

Family

21. Hemarthria compresa - Graminae

22. Heteropogon contortus Lamb, Sariala Graminae

23. Pennisetum orientale - Graminae

24. Phalcaris tuberose - Graminae

25. Phylostachys chinensis Chinese bamboo Graminae

26. Poa pratensis - Graminae

27. Saccharum Spontaneum Kans Graminae

28. Sehima notate - Graminae

29. Sorghum nitidum Lungi Graminae

30. Themeda arudinacea - Graminae

31. Themeda anathera - Graminae

Source: Sirmour Forest Department, Field Survey and Public Consultation


92 | P a g e


Table 3.19: Common Animals found in the

Study Area

Sr.

No.

Common

Name

Scientific

Name

Family

Status in

Wildlife

(Protection)

Act-1972

Status in

IUCN

Category

1.

Jungli

Suar

Sus scrofa

indicus

Suidae

Schedule III

Least

Concern

2. Bandar

Macaca

mullata

Cercopithecidae

Schedule II

Least

Concern

3. Langur

Presbytis

entellus

Cercopithecidae

Schedule II

Least

Concern

4. Jangli

Billi

Felis chaus

Felidae

Schedule II

Least

Concern

5. Geedar

Canis areus

Canidae

Schedule II

Least

Concern

6. Lomari

Vulpes

bengalensis

Canidae

Schedule II

Least

Concern

7. Khargosh

Lepus

nigricollis

Leparidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

8. Sail

Hystrix indica

Hystricidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

9. Neola

Herpestes

edwardsinyula

Herpestidae

Schedule II

Least

Concern



93 | P a g e


Table 3.20: Common Reptiles found in the

Study Area

Sr.

No.

Common

Name

Scientific

Name

Family

Status in

Wildlife

(Protection)

Act-1972

Status in

IUCN

Category

1.

Rat Snake

Ptyas

mocosus

Colubridae

Schedule II

Least

concern

2.

Common

Indian

Krait

Bungarus

Caeruleus

Elapidae

Schedule IV

Least

concern

3.

Indian

Cobra

Naja naja

Elapidae

Schedule II

Not

Evaluated

4.

House

Lizard

Gecko

hemiddactylus

Gekknidae

Not

evaluated

Least

concern



94 | P a g e


Table 3.21: List of Avifauna observed in

the Study Area

Sr.

No

Common

Name

Zoological Name

Family

Status in

Wildlife

(Protection)

Act-1972

Status in

IUCN

Category

1.

Jungli murga

Gallus gallus

Phasianidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

2.

Mor

Pavo cristatus

Phasianidae

Schedule I

Least

Concern

3.

Dhaula teetar

Francolinus

pondicerianus

Phasianidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

4.

Kala teetar

Francolinus

Francolinus

Phasianidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

5.

Bater

Prodecula asiatica

Phasianidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

6.

Ghuggi

Streptopediachinensis

Columbidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

7.

golden backed

Wood pecker

Dinopium

benghalense

Picidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

8.

Black Winged

Kite

Elanus carruleus

Accipitrida

Not

Evaluated

Least

Concern

9.

Black backed

woodpecker

Chrysocolaptes

pondiceria

Picidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

10.

Gray partridge

Francolinus

pondiceria

Phasianidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

11.

Pied Bush Chat

Saxicola caprata

Musckapisae

Turdinae

Not

Evaluated

Least

Concern

12.

White Breasted

kingfisher

Halcyon smyrnensis

Alcedinidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

13.

Pied Kingfisher

Ceryle rudis

Alcedinidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

14.

Koel, Cuckoo

Eudynamys scolopiea

Cuculidae

Not

Evaluated

Least

Concern


95 | P a g e


Sr.

No

Common

Name

Zoological Name Family Status in

Wildlife

(Protection)

Act-1972

Status in

IUCN

Category

15.

House Crow

Corvus splendens

Corvidae

Schedule V

Least

Concern

16.

Grey Wagtail

Motacilla caspica

Motacilidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

17.

Yellow cheeked

Tit

Parus zanthogenys

Paridae

Not

evaluated

Least

Concern

18.

Redvented

bulbul

Pycnonotus cafer

Pycnonotidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

19.

King Crow,

Black Drongo

Dicrurus adsimilis

Dicruridae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

20.

Indian tree pie

Dendrocitta

vegabanda

Carvidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

21.

Crow pheasant

Centropus sinensis

Cuculidae

Not

Evaluated

Least

Concern

22.

King Vulture

Torgos calvus

Accipitridae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

23.

Grey tit

Parus major

Paridae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

24.

Purple Sunbird

Nectarinia asiatica

Nectariniidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

25.

Magpie robin

Copsychus saularis

Muscicapidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

26.

Jungle Babbler

Turdoides striartus

Tmalinae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

27.

Cattle Egret

Bubulcus ibis

Ardeidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

28.

House Sparrow

Passer domcshticus

Ploceidae

Not

Evaluated

Least

Concern

29.

Indian Robin

Saxicoloides fulicata

Muscicapidae

Not

Evaluated

Least

Concern


96 | P a g e


Sr.

No

Common

Name

Zoological Name

Family

Status in

Wildlife

(Protection)

Act-1972

Status in

IUCN

Category

30.

Common

Pariah Kite

Milvus migrans

Accipitridae

Not

Evaluated

Least

Concern

31.

Common

Kingfisher

Alcedo atthis

Alcedinidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

32.

Jungle Crow

Corvus

macrorhynchos

Corvidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

33.

Rose ringed

Parakeet

Psittacula krameri

Psittacidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

34.

Common Myna

Acridotheres Grisea

Starnidae

Schedule IV

Least

Concern

35.

White Wagtail

Motacilla alba

Motacilidae

Not

Evaluated

Least

Concern

36.

Wagtail Yellow

Motacilla flava

Motacilidae

Not

Evaluated

Least

Concern

37.

Indian Roller or

Blue Jay

Coracias benghalensi

Muscicapidae

Not

Evaluated

Least

Concern

38.

Green Bee

eater

Merops orientalis

Meropidae

Not

Evaluated

Least

Concern

39.

Red whiskered

Bulbul

Pycnonotus Jocosus

Pycnonotidae

Not Evaluated

Least

Concern



97 | P a g e


3.3.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Baseline Status

Baseline information is collected in order to delineate apply the socio-economic profile of

the study area. The process related database thus generated includes:

Demographic structure

Infrastructure base in the area

Economic structure

Health status

Cultural attributes

Public awareness and their concern about the project The primary socio economic data was collected through field survey in sample villages in

study area as well as the observations by the survey team. It has been subs tainted with

relevant socioeconomic data from secondary sources of various official records. viz.,

Census records, District statistical abstract, district health office, District industry center

tourism office etc.

Sirmour is the most south-eastern district of Himachal Pradesh. It is largely mountainous

and rural, with 90% of its population living in villages. It includes the towns of Nahan (its

capital), as well as the Shivalik Fossil Park at Suketi, where fossils of over 85 million years

old have been found.

There are six tehsils in this district, namely Nahan, Renuka, Shillai, Rajgarh, Pachhad and

Paonta Sahib.

Agriculture is the backbone of economy here. Farmers of Sirmour produce potato and

ginger. Sirmour is also known for its good quality of peach that comes from the Rajgarh

region which is also called the Peach Bowl. Sirmour is known for growing tons of fruits

every year. Dhaula Kuan near Paonta Sahib is known for its Govt operated fruit research

centre. Sirmour district is significantly capable of growing both Apple and Mangos on its

land. Tomato is also becoming choice for farmers these days. Village Lana-cheta is known

for its fertile land and farmers here grow grains as first option.

Study Area

The study area for assessment was defined as an area within ten km radius around the

proposed project site. The proposed site and impact zone falls in Nahan Tehsil of Sirmour

district. The area taken for study includes Churan, Palion, Arandwala, Kotla, Mirpur and

Andheri. The proposed site falls in Village Churan, and it is well connected with village

road, which further connected to State Highway – 1 and finally to National Highjway – 7.

The study area lies within a distance varying from between one to five km from the site.


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The study area is listed below in Table 3.22

Table 3.22: Study Area around the Proposed Site

Village / Locality name Tehsil District

Churan Nahan Sirmour

Kotla Nahan Sirmour

Palion Nahan Sirmour

Arandwala Nahan Sirmour

Andheri Nahan Sirmour

Mirpur Nahan Sirmour

Source: Census of India 2001

Demographic Structure

The baseline data regarding the population of the surrounding area is significant to the

study as it enables us to predict the population that may be impacted by the proposed

project. According to 2001 census, population of Sirmour district is 458593 which is 7.55

% of the total population of Himachal State. Number of households and total population of

the study area are presented in Table 3.23

.

.Table 3.23: Study Area details

Village / Locality name Number of

House hold Population 2011

Churan 36 197

Kotla 10 61

Palion 77 416

Arandwala 5 30

Andheri 41 245

Mirpur 84 478

Source: Census of India, 2001

The study area falls in Sirmour Rural area with a density of 188 persons/sq km. Sex ratio of

Sirmour is 918 per 1000 male. Table 3.24 gives the gender, ST and SC population breakup.

.Table 3.24: Population of Study Area

Village name Male

Population

Female

Population

ST

Population

SC

Population

Sex Ratio

Churan 98 99 126 0 1010

Kotla 37 24 23 0 649

Palion 222 194 165 90 874

Arandwala 19 11 10 0 579

Andheria 132 113 180 10 856

Mirpur 252 226 195 119 897


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Economic Activity and Livelihood Pattern

The economic level of the study area has been assessed to realize likely impacts due to the

proposed project. Depending on the existing situation, the nature of available workforce;

skill sets, one can predict the likely impacts of the project activities.

The workforce participation in the study area ranges from 40 – 43.1%. Out of the total pool

of workers in the study area, maximum workforce is involved in other works and

agricultural labour category.

Literacy and Education Profile

According to the 2001 census, literacy level of Sirmour district is 78.80 %, lower than state

literacy rate of 83.78 %. Literacy rate of study area is given in Table 3.25

Table 3.25: Literacy Rate in Study Area

Village name Literacy Rate (%)

Churan 54.8

Kotla 63.93

Palion 52.16

Arandwala 63.3

Andheria 42.85

Mirpur 55.2

Social Infrastructure

Water and Power Supply

The water demand in the study area is met by Ground water. Himachal state power

corporation supplies power in the area with metered connections provided by the

department to all the housing and residential units.

Transportation and Communication

Transport facilities are adequate with multiple means of transportation available to

commuters besides government and private bus facilities available for traveling to nearby

towns and villages. There are a number of basic telecommunication services in the area..

Market Facilities

There are local shops and hats in the study area. Well established market facilities are

reported in Nahan Tehsil like Gunnu Ghat Chawk, Chhota Chowk and Sabji Mandi. In

Sainwala there exists Mandir Market. In Naraingarh village there is grain market.


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Health Facility

Health care infrastructure is one of the important indicators that need to be studied to

establish the status of quality of life in the study area. Health facilities are available through

government city dispensaries, hospital and private hospital. In addition there are a number

of charitable and private nursing homes and clinics in the study area. There are Govt.

Hospital, SRM Hospital at Narainharh, IIT Collage Hospital at Kala Amba, PHC Kot, etc

in study area.

Agricultural Yield of the Study Area The topography and the agro-climatic conditions of the district are quite suitable for the

production of various fruits. The topography of the district can be grouped into three

categories namely high hill areas located at higher elevations, mid hill areas and low lying

valley areas. Fruits of different varieties depending upon the terrain, climatic conditions

and soil of area are grown in the district.

Table 3.26: Fruit Yield in District Sirmour and their annual Production

Sl.

No.

Name

Area in Ha. Production

(Tonnes)

1. Apple 3248 673

2. Plum 1315 1315

3. Peach 2992 7594

4. Apricot 527 548

5. Pear 457 549

6. Kiwi 8 26

7. Pomegranate 98 7

8 Olive 1 1

9 Strawberry 43 450

10 Almond 127 75

11 Walnut 1180 818

12 Piccanut 11 0

13 Orange 428 203

14 Malta 11 13

15 K.Lime 871 598

16 Galgal 180 192

17 Citrus 1496 1006

18 Mango 2518 2710

19 Litchi 105 208

20 Gauva 87 259

21 Aonala 107 39

22 Jackfruit 37 58

23 Papaya 10 0

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CHAPTER – IV

4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASURES

INTRODUCTION Any human activity in any environment produces impact, modifying it to a

status which is considered adverse of beneficial according to the damage or

improvement it brings about in physical, chemical and biological status of

air, water, land including biota and in socio-cultural life styles and economy of the

populace it affects. Depending on the nature of activities and existing status, the

impacts are assessed for their importance. On the basis of the impact analysis, the

mitigating action and future monitoring requirement are focused in the

Environmental Management Plan for counting or minimizing adverse impacts.

Effects of this mining project on each of the environmental parameters are detailed

below in accordance with the parameter of environment likely to be affected.

- Climate

- Air environment

- Land environment

- Ecology

- Water environment

- Noise levels

- Soil

- Socio-economic environment

- Cultural and Heritage environment Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary.

Primary impacts are those which can be attributed directly to the project. On the

indirect or induced and typically include the associated investments and change patterns of

social and economic by the proposed actions.

4.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE There will be no impacts as no construction stage is involved in this project.

4.2 OPERATION PHASE

4.2.1 IMPACT ON TOPOGRAPHY& DRAINAGE

The mine working will remain confined to a Hillock on the right bank of Gumti Ki Nadi.

No impact is aniticpated on the drainage pattern of the area, as the proposed project does

not involve diversion or natural drains. There exist natural drains towards eastern side away

from the project boundary.


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The topography of the mining lease area will be changed permanently. The mining of Sand,

Stone and Bajri is from the part of hillock. This hillock area will be changed into flat land,

which will be later used by the villagers for agricultural purpose.

There is Gumti River (Seasonal in nature towards Eastern side of mine lease area. the

distance between the mining lease area and Gumti Nadi is 50 mts. The mining of the lease

area will be up to ground level, therefore chance of bank cutting and erosion will not be

anticipated by the proposed project MITIGATION MEASURES Terrace mining would be undertaken by forming benched, which would be subsequently be

used as terrace field either for agricultural or horticulture purposes, hence there would be

no adverse impact on the topographical features. The landuse pattern would change for a

better social use.

The waste matrix generated during the mining operation will be back filled in the

mined out area. The top soil which was removed prior to mining operation will be

spread over the over burden. Landscaping and green belting will be carried out to

increase tree cover and asthetic of the area.

Retaining wall or check dam will be constructed towards the weatsren side to

prevent the cutting and erosion of Gumti Nadi Banks.

4.2.2 IMPACTS ON CLIMATE

TEMPERATURE

The temperature pattern is a regional behavior and is not likely to be affected due to mining

activity over a small area. Some local effect may be perceived due to mining, afforestation

and creation of voids in the lease area.

RAINFALL The trend of rainfall, as studied and discussed in last chapter, forms part of a

regional pattern, not dependent on the relatively small area of mining activity. The

mining operation, therefore, is not likely to have any adverse impact on rainfall pattern.

WIND SPEED The wind speed in any area is dependent upon local topography and generation of

elevation and depression of pressure changes in the region. The controlling factors

for the pressure changes lie much beyond the control of small area under mining

operations. Thus, no adverse impact on the regional wind speed is anticipated due to the

mining operations. However, some local ground level changes may take place due to the

buildings, green belt developed around the mine, etc.


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HUMIDITY

The pattern of relative humidity depends mainly on the rainfall, wind, temperature and

other weather phenomenon that regional in behavior. The mining operation is not likely to

have any impact on the relative humidity in the surrounding.

4.2.3 IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION As explained in the previous chapter, the ambient air quality monitoring results show

that all the parameters such as PM10, SO2, and NOx are within the limits prescribed

by CPCB for “Industrial and Mixed use” areas as well as areas meant for

“Residential and Rural” areas. This scenario is with the expansion already in place.

The major contribution of air pollution is by river bed mining, such as excavation, loading,

transportation, hauling operation and handling of mineral viz. Sand, Bajri &Boulders. This

will lead to momentary rise in the particulate matter (PM10). The dust liberated in mining

and other related operations is injurious to heath if inhaled in sufficient quantity. As such

there will be no noticeable impact on air quality.

Air Pollution Modeling

The impact of the expansion on the air quality has been predicated using Fugitive Dust

Model(FDM),which is a computerized air quality model specifically designed

for computing concentration and deposition impacts from fugitive dust sources. The

sources may be point, line or area sources. The model has not been designed to compute

the impacts of buoyant point sources, thus it contains no plume rise algorithm. The

model is generally based on the well-known Gaussian Plume formulation for

computing concentrations, but the model has been specifically adapted to incorporate

an improved gradient transfer deposition algorithm. Emissions for each source are

apportioned by the user into a series of particle size classes. A gravitational setting

velocity and a deposition velocity are calculated by FDM for each class.

Pollutants / Model Options Considered for Computations

The model simulations deal with major Pollution Particulate Matter (PM10) and gaseous

emissions viz. SOx & NOx.

Meteorological Data

Data recorded by continuous weather monitoring station on wind speed, direction, and

temperature at one hour interval for the monitoring period was used as meteorological

input.


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Presentation of result

In the present case model simulations have been carried using the hourly triple joint

frequency data. Short – term simulations were carried to estimate concentration at the

receptors to obtain an optimum description of variations in concentrations over the site in

10- km radius covering 16 directions.

The incremental concentration is estimated for the monitoring period. For each time scale,

i.e. for 24 hr. the model computes the highest concentration observed during the period

over all the measurement points.

The maximum incremental GLCs due to the river bed mining project for PM10, SOx and

NOx are superimposed on the maximum baseline PM10, SO2 and NO2 concentration

recorded at the monitoring location during the field monitoring period. The cumulative

concentration (baseline + incremental) after implementation of the project are tabulated

below table. The maximum GLCs after implementation of the project are likely to be not in

the prescribed NAAQ standards.

Table 4.1: Cumulative Concentration of PM10 (Baseline + Incremental)

Sampling

Location

Monitoring

Maximum

concentration in

µg/m3

Predicted

incremental Maximum

concentration in

µg/m3

Resultant

Maximum

concentration in

µg/m3

Mine site 60.34 3.03 63.37

Suspended Particulate Matter & Gaseous Pollution:

The major source of generation of dust will be from transportation of mineral viz. sand,

bajri & boulders. This will increases the level of particulate matter in the environment i.e.

PM10 (3.03 µg/m3) at a distance of 500 meters if nearby any Kaccha Road.

MITIGATION MEASURES

To control the emissions regular preventive maintenance of equipment will be

carried out on contractual basis.

Proper mitigation measures like water sprinkling will be adopted to control dust

emissions.

Plantation will be carried out on approach roads & nearby vicinity of mining

lease area and mined out area

It is being ensured that all transportation vehicles will carry a valid PUC certificate. There is no toxic element present in the mineral which may contaminate the soil.


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4.2.4 IMPACT OF NOISE POLLUTION The exposures to excessive noise levels can lead to:

Prevention of sleep, insomnia and fatigue.

Decrease in speech reception, communication, distraction and diminished

concentration thus adversely affecting job performance efficiency.

Chronic psychological disturbance including impaired hearing.

Irreparable cardiovascular, respiratory and neuralgic damages in certain

extreme cases.

The area is general represents calm surroundings. There is no heavy traffic, industry or

noisy habitation in the area except the existing mine. The other major industry like minerals

grinding and crusher plants is far away. With theincrease inscale of mining operations,

deployment of machinery and vehicles operation and men and noise levels are expected to

increase. The noise levels for different equipment in this mine are given in Table 4.2.

`Table 4.2: Noise Generated by Different Machinery

S. No. Equipment Noise Level dBA

1. Tractor compressor 85-95

2. Dump Trucks 90-100 The impact of noise intensities at varying distances, derived mathematically by Spherical

Propagation modeling for free attenuation due to distance only, are given in Table 4.3

Table 4.3: Free Noise Attenuation with Distance

Noise Level at Source

dBA

Distance in

m

Noise Level at Receptor dBA

95 100 47

95 200 41

95 300 37

95 400 35

90 100 42

90 200 36

90 300 32

90 400 30 from the above we find that if there noise source of 95,95 and 90 dBA, each at 400m

from a receptor, converge at the receptor, their components would be 35,35 and 30 dBA

respectively.

With the resultant value being less than the ambient noise levels, there is no likelihood

of excess addition of noise, from the mine operation, on the surrounding background

noise level.


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As derived above and due to the fact that there are no human settlement within 100m,

no impact of noise on habitation is likely. The same is brought out by the noise

measurements carried out which indicate that the noise levels in the vicinity are

within limits.

Through the source would likely cause noise pollution, but since it is continuous the

considerable impact will be in. However the noise levels in the working environment are

compared with standards prescribed by occupational safety and heath administration

(OSHA-USA) & CPCB- New Delhi, the acceptable limits are presented in table 4.4 & 4.5.

Table 4.4: PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE IN CASES OF

CONTINUOUS NOISE (GOI)

S.No Total time of

Exposure

(Continuous or a

number of short

term exposures)

per day in Hours.

Sound

Pressure

(dBA)

Remarks

1 8 90

1. No. exposure in excess of 115 dBA is to be

permitted.

2. For any period of exposure falling in

between any figure as indicated in column 1,

the permissible wound pressure level is to be

determined by extrapolation on a proportionate

scale.

2 6 92

3 4 95

4 3 97

5 2 100

6 1½ 102

7 1 105

8 ¾ 107

9 ½ 110

10 ¼ 115

Table 4.5: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD IN RESPECT OF NOISE

Area Code

Category of Area

Limits in dB(A) Leq

Day time

Night

time

(A) Industrial area 75 70

(B) Commercial area 65 55

(C ) Residential area 55 45

(D) Silence zone 50 40 In this mine no person is exposed to very high noise levels of noise continuously

during works. Those working close to noise generating equipment have been provided

with earplugs.


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MITIGATION MEASURES

Periodical monitoring of noise will be done.

No other equipments, except the transportation vehicles and Excavator for loading

will be allowed.

Noise generated by these equipments by these equipments shall be intermittent and

does not cause much adverse impact.

Proper maintenance of all equipments/ machines will be carried out which help in

reducing noise during operations.

Plantation will be taken up along the approach roads and along the periphery of the

mined out area. The plantation minimizes propagation of noise and also arrests dust.

4.2.5 IMPACT ON HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS The study area itself being part of hill slope, where terrace mining will be carried upto

ground level. The study area is intersparce with numerioud streams and seasonal drains.

There are numerous seasonal rivers flowing in the study area. The flow of surface/ground

water (sub surface flow) is following the trend of topography, which is in the North to

South direction.

The ground water table which will is about 5 to 10m metres below the ground level for pre

and post monsoon season (AS CGWB report), which is 4 meter below the mining bench

mark. As per the approved mining plan the maximum depth or bench mark below ground

level is 3ft. Therefore there exist more than 4 m buffer zone between mining bench and

water table. Thus the mine operation will not affect the hydrological conditions of the area.

SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF SITE ELEVATION, WORKING DEPTH &GROUND

WATER

340.0 mRL (Pre monsoon)

345.0 mRL (Post monsoon) WATER TABLE

352.0 mRL (Lowest Bench)

350.0 mRL (Ground Level)

ULTIMATE DEPTH

365.0 mRL (Highest Bench) GROUND LEVEL

Proposed working will not intersect Ground water.


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4.2.6 IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY

The proposed mining operation will not affect the water quality of the area. No water

extraction is proposed fom the mining site, nor there involve water for washing of mining

ores. The only water required is for drinking, landscaping and for dust separation.

However, the water table in the mining lease is 5m to 10m below the lowest benck of

mining depth thus no impact on water quality is anticipated from the proposed mining

activities.

MITIGATION MEASURES

Mining in the area will be done well above the water table as well as river bed water level

(Gumti River); therefore much impact on water regime is not anticipated. The water table is

at 5-10 m below river bed level while the workings in the area are proposed 352m bench

mark and ground level is 350m bench mark, upto 2m above river bed level.

No waste water will be generated from the mining activity of minor minerals as the project

only involves lifting of sand, Bajri & boulders from mine lease area. Mining neither

intersect ground water table nor river bed water level.

4.2.7 IMPACT ON FLORA

FLORA IN BUFFER ZONE

As the mining activities will be confined to core zone only, no adverse impact is

foreseen on the flora of the forest area.

FLORA IN CORE ZONE

Excavation in the mining area and construction offices, labour camp will not affect the

flora in the area where these operations will be carried out.

Plantation will be carried out on approach roads and nearby vicinity and along the mining

out laease boundary over a period of time, to upgrade the flora.

4.2.8 IMPACT ON FAUNA

The adverse impacts on fauna are mainly due to:

Human Activity

Noise

Land Degradation

Deforestation

The impact on the fauna of the buffer zone due to the mining activity will be

marginal. As there are very few trees / shrubs in the area, deforestation will not be


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significant factor in impact on fauna. No faunal habitat was reported in the mining lease

are or nearby during primary survey. This is mainly due to anthropogenic activity and

Churan village settlments.

4.2.9 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT

LAND USE IN BUFFER ZONE AND CORE ZONE

No adverse impact is anticipated on land use of buffer zone due to the present

mining operations, as all the related activities are confined to the core zone.

In the Core zone, there will be permement change in landuse from small hillock to flat land.

The mined out area will be used for landscape or mybe used for agricultural purpose. Thus

the mining will result in positive impact and agricultural land formation.

4.2.10 IMPACT ON SOIL No major impact on soil of the study area is envisaged due to mining activities as there is

no stack emission and fugitive emission shall remain confined locally within working area

and emission at haul road will be controlled by water sprinkling and plantation.

No waste material which may contaminate soil in surrounding will be generated. The waste

material so generated will be inerts waste and it will be back filled in the mined out are

during fining closure and landscaping will be carried out.

4.2.11 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

HUMAN SETTLEMENT

The villages and their inhabitants in the buffer zone will not be disturbed from their

settlements due to the mining operations.

There is no inhabitation within the lease area. Therefore neither villages nor any part of

village or any hamlet will be disturbed during the entire life of the mine. As the

mining operations will not disturb or relocate any village or settlement, no

adverse impact is anticipated on any human settlement.

EMPLOYMENT

The area is considered as industrially backward. The populations in general do not

haveopportunities of earning from employment. The only employment to depend on is

agriculture, which is seasonal. In the absence of any high employment potential activities,

the people are economically backward. The mining operations will provide employment to

15 people and that to from the local community.


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The various indirect employment opportunities have also been generated. Several persons

of the neighboring villages have been benefited with contract works, employment

through contractors, running of jeeps, trucks, tractors and buses on hire, different kind

of shops and transport related business avenues. ECONOMIC STATUS

There are some people who are engaged in trading of sand, stone and Bajri. Therefore due

to mining of sand, stone, and Bajri the per capita income of local people have been

improved.

The local people have been provided with either direct employments or indirect

employment such as business, contract works and development work like roads, etc.

and other welfare amenities such as medical facilities, conveyance, free education,

drinking water supply etc.

The job/business opportunitieshas improved the economic condition of the persons. They

are in a position to utilize this money for purchase of tractors, trucks, jeeps, etc. which

may be put into use for business purposes. Part of money has also been utilized in

starting of some business as per person’s skills.

AGRICULTURE

The agricultural activities are seen in the areas where there is sufficient soil cover.

The buffer zone will remain undisturbed and no adverse impact is envisaged.

SENSITIVE TARGETS

There are no places of Tourist, religious & Historical importance in core as well as buffer

zone of 10-km radius. Therefore, no adverse impacts are anticipated. STRUCTURED ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT & ACTION PLAN

The Lessee has endeavored the mitigation measures of potential impact and aspects of

operation.


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Table 4.6: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT MATRIX

Environmental

Setting &

baseline

Aspect of

Operation

Potential

impacts

Mitigation

measures

Monitoring

programmed

1. Air

1. Ore handling Fugitive

Emissions &

Noise

Effective

water

sprinklers

AAQM

2.Transportation Fugitive

Emissions &

Noise

Effective

water

sprinklers

AAQM

The Regional

emissions well

within norms

--

--

--

--

2. Water

1. Ore excavation

1. Contamination

Provision of

reducing

turbidity &

SS

Water

testing

2. Altered

hydrologic

regime

Provision of

rain water

harvesting

Existing water

quality is

potable

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CHAPTER – V

5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

INTRODUCTION Success of any environmental management programme depends upon the efficiency of the

organizational set up responsible for Implementation of the programme. Post project

monitoring is an essential part to check the impact of any project activity. Hence

monitoring of various environmental parameters will be carried out a regular basis to

ascertain the following:

To assess environmental impacts.

State of pollution within the mine lease and in its vicinity.

Planning for predictive or corrective actions in respect of pollution to keep it within

permissible limits.

Examine the efficiency of pollution control system adopted at the site.

Monitoring will be carried out at side as per the statutory requirements.

Environmental monitoring will be taken up for various environmental components

as per conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance Letter issued by MoEF &

Consent to operate issued by the State Pollution Control Board. Compliance of

same will be submitted to respective authorities on regular basis.

5.1 ENVIRONMRNTAL MANAGEMENT In order to maintain the environmental quality within the stipulated standard, regular

monitoring of various environmental component is necessary which will complied as per

condition for this an Environmental Management Cell be constituted.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ORGANISATIONAL CHART

Manager Level/Senior Management

UNSKILLED LABOURS (2)

The structure of the team proposed for environmental management is a simple one; this is

due to the limited size of the organization. As the employees are mostly unskilled labourers

and the operating size of the management is small, it is better that a member of senior

management or a manager level employee assumes the responsibility of complying with

proposed environmental measures.


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5.2 RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL

(EMC)

The said team is responsible for:

1. Collecting water and air samples, work zone monitoring for air pollutants under

guidance and in requirement of an accredited consultant.

2. Implementing the control and protective measures.

3. Coordinating the environment related activities within the project as well as with

outside agencies.

4. Green belt development etc.

5. Monitoring and evaluating the progress of implementation of environmental

management programme.

5.3 MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management programme, regular

monitoring of the important environment parameters will be taken up. The schedule,

duration and parameters to be monitored are shown in table 5.1:

`Table 5.1: MONITORING SCHEDULEAND PARAMETERS

Particulars Monitoring

Frequencies

Duration

of

Station

Important Monitoring Parameters

Surface water /

Tube well

Once in a year Grab pH, SS, TDS, Iron, Hardness,

Alkalinity

Chlorides, Nitrates Sulphate &

Flourides

Ambient air

monitoring

Once in a

Quarter.

24 hr. PM10, SOx and NOx

Noise

Pollution

Once in a

quarter

8 hr. Level in dB(A) and dB(C)

Soil Sampling Once in a year Grab pH,Conductivity,Sulphate,Nitrate,

Phosphates, Alkalinity & texture.

5.4 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

The Table 5.2 gives overall investment on the environmental safeguards and

recurring expenditure for successful monitoring and implementation of control measures.


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Table 5.2: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES

(Investment and recurring cost Rs. Lakh)

Sl. No Particulars Capital cost Recurring cost / annum

1. Pollution control 2.00 0.80 2. Pollution monitoring 1.50 1.20 3. Green belt on virgin area 1.00 0.30 4. Occupational health 0.80 0.50 5. Miscellaneous 0.50 0.50

TOTAL 5.80 3.30

Total investment on environmental improvement works existing and envisaged Rs.

5.80 lakhs and recurring expenditure during the stage of production is Rs. 3.30 lakhs per

year.

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CHAPTER – VI

6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES: DISASTER MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION All types of industries face certain types of hazards which can disrupt normal activities

abruptly and to disaster like fires, inundation, failure of machinery, explosion, to name a

few. Similarly Mining of minor mineral also have impending dangers or risk which need be

addressed for which a disaster management plan has been formulated with an aim of taking

precautionary steps to avert disasters and also to take such action after the disaster which

limits the damage to the minimum.

Nevertheless, the following natural/industrial problems may be encountered during

the mining operation.

a. Inudation- filling of the mine pit due to excessive rains.

b. Slope failures at the mine faces or stacks.

c. Accident due to storage of explosive and blasting.

d. Accident due to fire. As per proposal made under the mining plan, during proposed working the area will be

developed by means of manuals opencast mining method. Exploitation and transportation

of minerals are to be carried out by manual means. Water table will not be touched during

processed working. No high risk accidents like landslides, subsidence flood etc. have been

apprehended.

But possibility of accidental disaster is also not ruled out. Therefore, all the statutory

precautions should be taken for quick evacuation as per the Mines Act 1952, the Mines

Rules 1955 MMR-1961 and MCDR-1988.

6.1 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN The possible risk in the case of minor mineral mining project is bankerosion if located near

river bed, floods if mining is below ground level, landslide and accidents due to

transportation etc.

Mining and allied activities are associated with several potential hazards to both, the

employees and the public at large. A worker in a mine should be able to work under

condition, which are adequately safe and healthy. At the same time the environment should

be such as not to impair his working efficiency. This is possible only when there is

adequate safety in mines. Hence, mine is one of the most essential aspects of any working

mine. safety of the mine and the employees is taken care of by the mining rules &

regulations, which are well defined with laid down procedure for safety, which when


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scrupulously followed safety is ensured not only to manpower but also to machines &

working environment.

Possible Risks Due To Inundation & Its Control Mining will be done during the non monsoon periods; therefore problem of inundation is

not likely to happen. Dewatering Depth of mine is limited to ground level, hence no dewatering is required.

Possible Risks Due To Failure of Pit Slope & Its Control NO pit is created in the mining operation, therefore risk due to pit failure it not anticipated.

The check dam will be built up near the unmined hillock to prevent land slide during

mining operation and mainly during monsoon season.

Possible Risks Due To Failure of Waste Dump & Its Control No waste dump is created therefore the question of failure of waste dump does not exist.

Possible Risks Due To Fire & Its Control The operation does not anticipate any fire disaster.

6.2 Measures to Prevent Accidents Due to Trucks and Dumpers

All transportation within mining lease working should be carried out directly under

the supervision and control of the management.

The vehicles will be maintained in good condition and checked thoroughly at least

once a month by the competent person authorized for the purpose by the

management.

Road signs will be provided at each and every turning point up to the main road

(wherever required).

To avoid danger while reversing the equipments/ vehicles especially at the working

place / loading points, stopper should be posted to properly guide reversing/

spotting operating, otherwise no person should be there within 10 m radius of

machine.

A statutory provision of the fences, constant education, training etc. will go a long

way in reducing the incidents of such accidents.

6.3 Other Possible Measures to Avoid Risks/ Disaster Due to mining of minor

mineral

Unwanted material including mineral or spillage (if any) should not be stacked in

mined out area.

The mining is to be undertaken in a way so that there ia best possible terracing of


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the hill slope.

The mining operation should be avoided during monsoon season.

The works should be provided with steel tip shoe, helments, gloves and ear plugs

for their safety.

The mining operation will be carried out during day time.

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CHAPTER – VII

7 PROJECT BENEFITS

INTRODUCTION The Management and the proponent understand their duty towards the population in

general andthe management will help in overall socio economic development of the area. PROMOTION OF SOCIAL & ECONOMIC STATUS

The project will contribute to the economy and social development of the

area. It will provide direct employment to about 15-20 people and indirect

employment to many more.

The company has shown willingness to provide medical facilities to employees,

their families and also to villagers as per scope of their economical means.

CONCLUSION The management will recruit the semi-skilled & unskilled workers from the nearby

villagers.

The project activity and the management will definitely support the local panchayat and

provide other from of assistance for the development of public amenities in this region. The

company management will contribute to the local schools, dispensaries for the welfare of

the villagers.

Green belt development / Plantation will be taken up in the vicinity of river banks, along

the approach roads, around Govt. building, schools.

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CHAPTER – VIII

8 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

INTRODUCTION The environmental impact assessment presented in previous chapter is based on the control

measures. It is concluded that the mining activities having substantial, but reversible

impact on environment and the suggestive measures should be taken so as to minimize the

impacts. Environmental management plan details the environmental quality control

measures which are proposed for this project to achieve the production of 42000 to 43750

TPA of sand, bajri &stone (Minor Minerals) by complying with the stipulated standard

limit specified by state pollution control board and CPCB. The environment for the mined

out river bed area.

Environment Management Plan, which is to be implemented in the project has detailed

under the following heads:

Land use pattern and river course environment

Air Environment

Water Environment

Noise Environment

Solid waste Management

Biological Environment including Plantation Development

Implementation of EMP and monitoring Programme

8.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

In order to minimize impacts of mining on air and to maintain it within the prescribed

limits of CPCB/SPCB, an Environment Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared. This

will help in resolving all environmental and ecological issues likely to cause due to mining

in the area.

During the course of mining notoxic substances are released into the atmosphere as such

there seems to be no potential threat to health of human beings.

In the minor mineral mining activities, the only source of gaseous emission is from the

engines of vehicles. The reasons may be quality of fuel, improper operation of the engine,

etc. proper maintenance of engines will improve combustion process and brings reduction

in pollution.

The fugitive dust generation during mining and transportation requires some mitigation.


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8.1.1 Prevention and Control of Air Pollution

Proper mitigation measures like water sprinkling on haul roads will be adopted to

control fugitive dust emission.

Plantation will be carried out on approach roads & nearby vicinity of river

bank.

To control the emissions regular preventive maintenances of equipments will be

done to adopt corrective actions wherever needed.

It is being ensured that all transportation vehicles will carry a valid PUC certificate.

8.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

8.2.1 Noise Abatement and Control

Proper maintenance of all machines is being carried out, which help in reducing

generation of noise during operations.

Cushioned pad at foundation helps reduction in noise generation.

No other equipments accept the transportation vehicles and excavator &

Loaders (as & when required) for loading is allowed.

Noise generated by these equipments is intermittent and does not cause so much

adverse impact.

Periodical monitoring of noise will be done to adopt corrective actions wherever

needed.

Plantation will be taken up along the approach roads and on river bank. The

plantation minimizes propagation of noise and also arrests dust.

8.3 WATER MANAGEMENT

8.3.1 Surface & Ground Water Management

Mining in the area will be done well above the water table as well as river bed water

level therefore impact on water regime is not anticipated. The ground water level of

lease area is 5.m to 10 m from the bgl.

Mining will not intersect the round water table of the area; so not at all disturbing

water environment.

The mining of minor mineral bed does not have any impact on topography and

natural drainage of surrounding area as no part of land outside mining lease area

will affected.

8.3.2 Waste Water Management

No waste water is generated from the mining activity of minor minerals as the project


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does not involve washing of mining ore.

8.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

No solid waste is generated from the said mining operations.

Unwanted material includs inerts mineral like silt and clay, which will be stacked

within the mining lease area and will be back filled during mining closure. No other

soild waste will be generated during mining operation.

There is no toxic element present in the mineral which may contaminate the soil.

8.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Floral and Faunal Environment of the Study Area

The project is only of extraction of minor minerals viz. Sand, Bajri, & Boulders

from the hillocks.

There will be no significant impact of the minor mineral mining project on the

biological diversity found in the 10km. radius of the site.

The mining lease area is in non-forest land where presence of fauna is very rare. No

endangered species of fauna is found in and around lease area. As such, there will

be no adverse impact of the mining activity on fauna around the mining lease area.

No adverse impacts will be envisaged on the existing aquatic flora & fauna (Gumti

River) located nearby, if any on downstream side (away from site) as the mine

workings confined to above water level only and at all touching/disturbing water

table.

No adverse impacts will be envisaged on the terrestrial flora and fauna as the

working are restricted project area.

To study the floral and faunal diversity of the 10km radius a detailed biological

study has been carried out and suggested mitigation measures are proposed there in

so that there will be no impact on the biological diversity of the forests falling in the

proximity of the site.

Plantation Development

Plantation is an important sink of air pollutants including noise. Green cover in

mining area not only helps in reducing pollution level, but also improves the

aesthetic and beneficially influence the microclimate of the surrounding.

It also attracts the animals to re-colonize the area when the mine is abandoned.

However green belt may be developed with plant species suitable to the area.

The species, selected for plantation should have rapid growth, evergreen, large

crown volume and small/pendulous leave with smooth surface. In this mining

project plantation will be developed along the approach roads and at the periphery

out of the mined out area. Thick plantation will work as a pollutant arrestor, reduces


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floods as well as avoids the situation of erosion of soil during monsoon season.

General Guidelines for Plantation Development

Trees growing upto 5m or more in height will be planted around the vicinity

of river bank.

Trees will be planted along roadsides, to arrest auto – exhaust and noise pollution,

and in such a way that there is no direct line of sight to the working site when

viewed from a point out side the foliage perimeter.

Since tree trunks are normally devoid of foliage (upto 3mt.), it will be appropriate to

have shrubbery in form of such trees to give coverage to trunk portion of these

trees.

Fast growing trees with thick perennial foliage will be grown, as it will take many

years for other trees to grow to their full height.

In order to facilitate the proper growth of vegetation, limited measures involving

preparation of seedbed with suitable amount of fertilizers and treatment with mulches will

be taken.

Vegetation cover generally helps in:

Stabilizing erodible slopes to minimize pollution.

Control of dust.

Enhancement of aesthetic value.

Maximizing evpo-transpiration, which helps minimizing run off.

Reducing noise. For revegetation, the plants and saplings suitable for the existing soils and site condition

may consider. It is recommended to plant fast growing local plant species, which can adapt

to the local climate.

This has to be done in consultation with local government horticulturist.

8.6 SOCIO – ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

8.6.1 Management Plan for Socio-Economic Environment

The environmental management plan has been developed with a view to bring down

the levels of impacts as discussed in the last chapter within limits. In each of the

areas of impact, measures have to be taken to reduce potentially significant adverse

impacts and where these are beneficial in nature, such impacts are to be

enhanced/augmented so that the overall adverse impacts are reduced to as low level as

possible.


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CHAPTER – IX

9 CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION Success of any environmental management programme depends upon the efficiency of

the organizational set up responsible for the implementation of the programme. Regular

monitoring of the various environmental parameters is also necessary to evaluate the

effectiveness of the management programme so that necessary corrective measures can

be taken in case there are some drawback in the proposed programme. Since

environmental quality parameters at work zone are important for maintaining safety

the monitoring work forms part of safety measures also.

9.1 AVAILABLITY OF FUNDS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

MEASURES

Funds for Green Belt Protection

The management of Shri.Shiva Stone Crusher and Screening Plant, Mine is very conscious

to minimize the existing pollution load in the lease area. A thick canopy cover of green belt

is being developed as discussed in the earlier chapters. Over 100 numbers of trees/year will

be invested for environmental protection measures. A recurring amount of Rs. 30,000 will

be spent every year.

Funds for Dust Suppression Water is spread around the mining area through pipes laid down on tankers to control the

dust suppression. An amount of Rs. 80,000 is spent every year on dust suppression

measures. Majority of the measures shall be at the crushing site since its likely that most of

fugitive dust will be generated there only.

9.2 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE The implementation of these mitigation measures, it is important to monitor various

environmental parameters so as to ensure proper working of all the environmental control

measures. This section presents the monitoring schedule and infrastructural requirement for

environmental protection in Table no. 9.1,as given below:


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Table 9.1: MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTALPARAMETERS

Particulars Monitoring

Frequencies

Duration

of Station

Important Monitoring

Parameters

Surface water

/ Tube well Once in a

Year Grab pH, SS, TDS, Iron, Hardness,

Alkalinity Chlorides, Nitrates

Sulphate & Flourides

Ambient air

monitoring Once in a

Quarter. 24 hr. PM10, SOx and NOx

Noise

Pollution Once in a

Quarter. - Level in dB(A) and dB(C)

Working

environment

Once in a

Quarter.

- pH, Conductivity, Sulphate,

Nitrate, Phosphates, Alkalinity

& texure.

9.3 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT

The Table 9.2 gives overall investment on the environmental Safeguards and recurring

expenditure for successful monitoring and implementation of control measures.

Table 9.2: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES (Investment

and recurring cost Rs. in Lakh)

Sl. No Particulars Capital cost Recurring cost / annum

1. Pollution control 2.00 0.80 2. Pollution monitoring 1.00 1.20 3. Green belt on virgin area 1.00 0.30 4. Occupational health 0.80 0.50 5. Miscellaneous 0.50 0.50

TOTAL 5.80 3.30

Total investment on environmental improvement works existing and envisaged is Rs.

5.80 lakhs and recurring expenditure during the stage of production is Rs. 3.30 lakhs per

year.

Voyants Solutions Pvt Ltd. M/s Shiva Stone Crusher & Screening Plant


9.4 RECOMMENDATION M/s Voyants Solutions Pvt Ltd Ltd. survey reveals that the management is providing

contineous improvement of Environment. The air environment and other emissions are

regularly sprinkled with water. The management has provided ear muffs and helmets to the

workers in the mine and stress onits utilization.

The regular medical check-up of workers is to be carried out. Green belt development is to

be stressed and workers must be motivated for plantation care.

The general environmental awareness is given to the local workers. Regular maintenance of

vehicle is carried out. Slogans of Environment, health & safety are recommended for

display.

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Voyants Solutions Pvt Ltd. M/s Shiva Stone Crusher & Screening Plant


CHAPTER – X

CONSULTANTS ENGAGED