PREPARED BY – Mr. MRUNAL M. RAUT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF EMISSION OF POWER PLANTS

Source India Japan U.S.Coal 59.2% 21.2% 51.8%

Oil 13.9% 16.6% 03.1%

Gas 06.3% 22.1% 15.7%

Nuclear 02.5% 30.0% 19.9%

Hydro 17.8% 08.2% 07.4%

Others 00.3% 01.9% 02.2%

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN COAL BASED POWER GENERATION

Air Pollution :- High particulate matter emission levels due to burning of inferior grade coal which leads to generation of large quantity of fly ash.

Emissions of SO2, NOx & Green house gas (CO2) are also matter of concern.

Water Pollution :- Mainly caused by the effluent discharge from ash ponds, condenser cooling /cooling tower, DM plant and Boiler blow down.

Noise Pollution :- High noise levels due to release of high pressure steam and running of fans and motors

Land Degradation :- About 100 million tonnes of fly ash is generated by use of coal far energy production. The disposal of such large quantity of fly ash has occupied thousands hectares of land which includes agricultural and forest land too.

Pollutants Emissions (in tones/day)

CO2 424650

Particulate Matter

4374

SO2 3311

NOx 4966

Share of Suspended Particulate Matter Load (tonnes/day) by Different Categories of

Industries (With Control Device), Total Load = 5365 tonnes/day

Sugar10%

Thermal Power Plants82%

Others 1%

Cement7%

Others1%

Oil Refineries3%

Sulphuric Acid Plants

2%

Thermal Power Plants89%

Steel5%

Share of Sulphur Dioxide Load (Tonnes / Share of Sulphur Dioxide Load (Tonnes / day)day)

By different categories of IndustriesBy different categories of Industries(Total Load = 3715 Tonnes / day)(Total Load = 3715 Tonnes / day)

For the proper dispersion of SO2 emission from thermal power plant, stack height criteria have been adopted in country. However, for larger capacities boilers (500MW and above) space provision for installing FGD system has been recommended.

Power generation capacity

Stack Height (mts.)

Less than 200/210 MW H = 14 (Q) 0.3 , where Q is emission rate of SO2 in kg/hr,

H= Stack Height 200/210 or less than 500

MW 220

500 MW and above 275

STACK HEIGHT REQUIREMENTS

FGD – Flue Gas DesulfurizationFlue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies used to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from the emissions of other sulfur oxide emitting processes.

An electrostatic precipitator (ESP), or electrostatic air cleaner is a particulate collection device that removes particles from a flowing gas (such as air) using the force of an induced electrostatic charge.

Need for adoption of CCTsTo meet increasing demand of power with minimal environmental impact for sustainable development, adoption of clean coal technologies with enhanced power plant efficiency, fuel switching, use of washed coal, efficient pollution control systems and proper by-product and waste handling & utilization, is necessary.

Pre-combustion Technologies: Ash, sulphur and other impurities (coal benefaction) can be reduced from the

coal before it is burned

Combustion technologies : (FBC : CBFC, AFBC,PFBC, IGCC) Generation of emissions of SO2, NOx and CO2 can be minimised by adopting

improved combustion technologies

Post combustion technologies : End of pipe treatment (installation pollution control equipments such as ESP,

DENOx & De SOx systems)

Thank you