By M.USAMA MANSOOR

110603010

Environmental Movement As a ConceptRole of Environmentalists to Overcome

Issues of EnvironmentAreas Covered by Environmental MovementHistory of Environmental MovementEarly Awareness & Conservation Movement

(Principles)History of Conservation MovementHistory of Environmental Movement in the USDebates within the movementEnvironmentalism and Politics

Environmental Movement

Sundry scientific

Political Tackling

Social

Environmental concerns

Amending

Public Policies Environment

Resources

Warden of the EnvironmentFetching Change in Individual’s

Behaviour

Environmentalists ponder on

Contineuable Organization

Ecology

Health

Human Rights

Early Awareness

Conservation Movement

19th

Century

Lake District

William Words Worth

Wrote Romantic

Poem

While Travelling

Development of FactoriesImmense dispersal of Coal

Smoke in the Air

Contamination of Chemicals in rivers and

Canal gave rise to Water pollution

Laid the foundation of Environmental Movement

Industrial Revolution

Mass Production

of Soda Ash

Political Pressure

British Alkali Act

1863 Passed

Conservative Movement has three principles

Guarantee empirical scientific formulas

Applied Duty was carried out

A soul societal duty

Maintain the environment Prospect generations

Damage in the environment

Result Human activities

History Department Author Country

Conservation

Movement

Patent in

Forests

India

Numerous

medico-

topographical

reports on

deforestation

and Wrought

Forest

Department

Sir James Renal

MartinIndia

First case of

Forest

management

Adapted

principles of

conservation

Madras Board

of Revenue in

1842.

Alexander

Gibson

(Botany)

India

History Department Author Country

The first

permanent forest

conservation

program of the

world

Forest

Department

Governor General Lord Dalhousie in

1855

India, World,

USA

Department

banned shifting

cultivation in 1860

Forest assistants

of subcontinent

have broadly used

the forests and

gardens of South India

Forest

Department

Dr.Hugh

Cleghorn’s

1861 manual.

India

His system made the

native of Karen village

labourers and was asked

to clean plant and weed

teak plantations. His

formulated legislation

helped to establish

research and training

institutions. He was the

founder of Imperial Forest

School at Dehradun.

Forest

Department

Sir Dietrich

Brandis

(Superintendent )

(Founder of

taungya system)

1856

Pegu division

of eastern

Burma.

United States

Organized environmental movement

Represented by a wide range of organizations sometimes called non-

governmental organizations or NGOs

Environmental NGOs

Vary widely in political views

Influence the environmental policy of the United States and

other governments.

Old U.S. conservation movement

Modern expression is

The Nature Conservancy, Audubon Society and National Geographic Society - American organizations with a worldwide influence.

Environmental Movement An Ideological Debate

Ecocentric View Point Anthropocentric View Point

Biodiversity and wilderness

protection

Urban pollution and social

justice.

Books Authors

Fundamentals of Ecology Eugene Odum and Howard

Odum1953

best-seller Silent Spring Rachel Carson, in 1962

Laws on Environment in US

There are numerous U.S. environmental laws

Clean Air Act

Clean Water Act

EPA in 1970

Laws regulating waste (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)

Toxic substances (Toxic Substances Control Act)

Pesticides (FIFRA: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act)

Clean-up of polluted sites (Superfund)

Protection of endangered species (Endangered Species Act), and more

Since Industrial Revolution the US has made immense progress in every field.

This progress has made her supra power but also raised some issues related to humans rights, health and ecology

The US in order to protect and made her land safe has articulated laws but is using others lands for the production purposes and dispersing pollutions in different forms and than investing money to protect the lands of others.