environmental paradoxes of the new eedi regulations for ro-ro ships leading to bad design of ro-ro...
TRANSCRIPT
Environmental paradoxes of the new EEDI regulations for Ro-Ro ships
leading to bad design of Ro-Ro ships
23. November 2015 – Skibsteknisk SelskabPASSENGER SHIPS – now and in the future
Presented by:Hans Otto KristensenHead of Maritime DTU([email protected])
2 Technical University of Denmark
Content of the presentation
• Fundamentals of the EEDI calculation procedure for Ro-Ro ships (rules and regulations)
• Technical fundamentals of Ro-Ro passenger ships • Calculation example of a 1600 passenger Ro-Pax ship
• Calculation example of a 400 passenger Ro-Pax ship
• Summary of example calculations
• Conclusions
3 Technical University of Denmark
The EEDI formulas (excl. equations for alternative propulsion means such as wind, solar power etc.)
MEPC 245(66) – 4. April 2014
For Ro-Ro cargo ships and Ro-Ro passenger ships:
Capacity is the maximum permissible deadweight
For passenger ships and cruise passenger ships:
Capacity is the Gross Tonnage (GT) in accordance with the internatinal Convention of Tonnage Measurement of Ships 1969, Annex 1, Reg. 3
4 Technical University of Denmark
EEDI according to MARPOL Annex 6, Reg. 21
Attained EEDI <= Required EEDI x (1 – R)
Required EEDI:
Ro-Ro passenger ships: 752.16 x DWT-0.351
Ro-Ro cargo ships: 1405.15 x DWT-0.498
DWT is the maximum permissible deadweight at summer load draught
R depends on the keel laying date
5 Technical University of Denmark
Reduction factor R in percent for Ro-Ro shipsEEDI = (1 – R/100) ∙ EEDI baseline value
Ship type Deadweight
Phase 0
1. Jan. 2013
31. Dec. 2014
Phase 1
1. Jan. 2015
31. Dec. 2019
Phase 2
1 Jan. 2020
31. Dec. 2024
Phase 3
1 Jan. 2025
Ro-Ro
passenger
>1000 tons n/a 5 20 30
250 – 1000 tons n/a 0 – 5 0 – 20 0 – 30
Ro-Ro
cargo
>2000 tons n/a 5 30 30
1000 – 2000 tons n/a 0 – 5 0 – 20 0 – 30
6 Technical University of Denmark
EEDI requirements for Ro-Pax ships
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Deadweight (t)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
EEDI baseline = 752.16 x DWT^(-0.381)
1. September 2015
1. January 2020
1. January 2025
7 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ships Design service speed versus EEDI ref. speed
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 pass.Design condition: 15 % resistance
margin and 90 % MCR loading
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Design speed (knots)
EE
DI r
efe
ren
ce
sp
ee
d (
kn
ots
)
8 Technical University of Denmark
Auxiliary power for Ro-Ro cargo ships according to MEPC 245(66)
Main engine power (PME) less than 10000 kW:
PAE = 0.05 x PME
Main engine power (PME) more than 10000 kW:
PAE = 250 + 0.025 x PME
Reg. 2.5.6.4:
For ships where the PAE value calculated by the above mentioned formulas is significantly different from the total power used at normal seagoing condition, the PAE value should be estimated by the consumed electric power (excluding propulsion) in conditions when the ship is engaged in a voyage at reference speed.
9 Technical University of Denmark
Auxiliary power for Ro-Ro pass. ships for ref. line calculations according to MEPC 65/22 Annex 14, p. 3
Aux. power at sea = 0.35 x installed aux. powerAuxiliary power at sea = 0.866 x GT0.732
Installed aux. power according to ShipPax database (2012)
y = 2.4729x0.732
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000
Gross tonnage (GT)
To
tal
aux.
po
wer
(kW
)
ShipPax aux- power data
1600 pass. Ro-Pax acc. to EEDI regulations
400 pass. Ro-Pax acc. to EEDI regulations
Aux. power for ref.line calculations (MEPC 65)
Potens (ShipPax aux- power data)
10 Technical University of Denmark
Auxiliary power for Ro-Ro cargo ships according to MEPC 245(66)
1600 pers. Ro-Pax ship
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Design speed (knots)
Au
xili
ary
po
we
r in
pc
t. o
f m
ain
e
ng
ine
po
we
r
11 Technical University of Denmark
fj correction factor for Ro-Ro ships
MEPC .245(66) – Annex 5 – Reg. 2.8.3
12 Technical University of Denmark
fc correction factor for Ro-Ro ships
MEPC .245(66) – Annex 5 – Reg. 2.12.3
13 Technical University of Denmark
EEDI fj and fc correction factors for Ro-Pax
Ro-Pax ship (1600 passengers)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
corr
ecti
on
fac
tors
fj
and
fc
fj Ro-Ro pass.
fc Ro-Ropass.
14 Technical University of Denmark
Low and high cargo density Ro-pax ships(Deadweight per passenger)
Ro-Ro passenger shipsDw/pass. = 849 pass.-0.689
Dw/pass. = 62.4 pass.-0.448
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200
Passengers
Dea
dw
eig
hp
t p
er p
asse
ng
er (
t/p
ass.
)
Ships with low cargo density
Ships with high cargo density
Ro-Pax limit (1.5 LM and 6 t dw per passenger)
Potens (Ships with high cargo density)
Potens (Ships with low cargo density)
15 Technical University of Denmark
Low and high cargo density Ro-pax ships(Lanemeter per passenger)
Ro-Ro passenger ships
LM = 72.9 pass.-0.505
LM = 37.5 pass.-0.551
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200
Passengers
Lan
emet
er p
er p
asse
ng
er (
m/p
ass.
)
Ships with low cargo density
Ships with high cargo density
Cargo limit line (1.5 LM and 6 t dw per passenger)
Potens (Ships with high cargo density)
Potens (Ships with low cargo density)
16 Technical University of Denmark
Low and high cargo density Ro-pax ships(Lpp as function of passenger capacity)
Ro-Ro passenger ships
Lpp = 81.4 pass.0.113
Lpp = 22.5 pass.0.255
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200
Passengers
Len
gth
pp
(m
)
Ships with low cargo density
Ships with high cargo density
DFDS ships with low cargo density
DFDS ships with high cargo density
Potens (Ships with high cargo density)
Potens (Ships with low cargo density)
17 Technical University of Denmark
Typical low cargo density Ro-pax ship(Pearl Seaways)
18 Technical University of Denmark
Typical high cargo density Ro-pax ship(Regina Seaways)
19 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ships Empirical calculation of gross tonnage GT
Ro-Ro passenger ships
GT/displ. = 0.0000156 displ. + 1.16
GT/displ. = 0.0000352 displ. + 1.14
1.0
1.4
1.8
2.2
2.6
3.0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000
Displacement (t)
GT
/t d
isp
lace
men
t
Ships with high cargo density
Ships with low cargo density
Lineær (Ships with high cargo density)
Lineær (Ships with low cargo density)
20 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ships Empirical calculation of gross tonnage GT
Ro-Ro passenger ships
0
8000
16000
24000
32000
40000
48000
56000
64000
0 8000 16000 24000 32000 40000 48000 56000
Real gross tonnage (GT)
Cal
cula
ted
GT
21 Technical University of Denmark
EXAMPLE No. 11600 passenger Ro-Pax ship with low cargo capacity
Main dimensionsCapacity 1600 pass.Length between pp 147.65 mBreadth 24.63 mMaximum draught 5.89 mDepth to upper deck 14.32 mLength of Ro-Ro lanes 1197 mNumber of passenger cars 420Number of berths 766 (48 % of pass.)Normal deadweight 4160 tons (3.5 t/lm)Lightship weight 9172 tonsNormal displacement 13332 tonsBlock coefficient based on Lpp 0.607Gross tonnage 21455 GTNormal service speed 21.5 knotsEngine power (MCR) 18910 kWService speed obtained at 90 % MCR incl. 15 % sea margin
Main dimensions are calculated by the generic model SHIP-DESMO-RoPax developed by Hans Otto Kristensen (HOK Marineconsult ApS) as contractual work for DTU Transport
22 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengersFull deadweight
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.4160 ton deadweight
Payload: 2.1 t/lanemeter
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
(g/t
pay
load
/nm
)
Actual EEDI valueEEDI base line - 2013EDDI requirement in 2015EEDI requirement in 2020EEDI requirement in 2025CO2 per ton payload per nm
23 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengersFull deadweight – Auxiliary power based on GT
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.4160 t deadweight
Aux. power based on GT
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Design speed (knots)
EE
DI (
g/t
/nm
)
-20
10
40
70
100
130
160
190
220
250
(g/t
pa
ylo
ad
/nm
)
Actual EEDI valueEEDI base line - 2013EDDI requirement in 2015EEDI requirement in 2020EEDI requirement in 2025CO2 per ton payload per nm
24 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengersEEDI as function of deadweight
Ro-Pax ships
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2000 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000 4400
Deadweight (t)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
EEDI required in 2015
EEDI required in 2020
EEDI required in 2025
EEDI baseline with 3 different different deadweights
25 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers
Ro-Pax ship (1600 pass.)
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
20000
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Speed (knots)
Pro
pu
lsio
n p
ow
er
(kW
)
Normal deadweight 4160 tons
25 % deadweight reduction (3120 t dw)
50 % deadweight reduction (2080 t dw)
26 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers 25 % dw reduction
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.3120 t deadweight
Payload: 1.6 t/lanemeter
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
(g/t
pay
load
/nm
)
Actual EEDI value
EEDI base line - 2013
EDDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
CO2 per ton payload per nm
27 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers 50% dw reduction
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.2080 t deadweight
Payload: 1.1 t/lanemeter
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
(g/t
pay
load
/nm
)
Actual EEDI value
EEDI base line - 2013
EDDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
CO2 per ton payload per nm
28 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers EEDI values at different design speeds and deadweight
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
EEDI value at 4160 t deadweight
EEDI value at 3120 t deadweight
EEDI value at 2080 t deadweight
29 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers Speed exponent, N, as function of speed and block coefficient, Cb
Ro-Pax ship 1600 passengers
Power = constant x speedN
EEDI = constant x speedN-3.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
Po
wer
exp
on
ent,
N
N = 3.5
4160 t deadweight (Cb = 0.61)
3160 t deadweight (Cb = 0.56)
2080 t deadweight (Cb = 0.51)
30 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers CO2 per ton payload per nm at
different design speeds and deadweight
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
CO
2 p
er t
pay
load
per
nm
(g
/t/n
m) 4160 t deadeweight
3120 t deadweight
2060 t deadweight
31 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers Variation of gross tonnage
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.Low cargo density4160 t deadweight
Change of gross tonnage
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
EEDI value at normal GT
EEDI value at 20 % increase of GT
EEDI value at 20 % decrease of GT
EEDI base line 2013
EEDI requrement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
32 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers Variation of gross tonnage and light weight
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass. Low cargo density4160 t deadweight. Change of gross tonnage and lightweight
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
EEDI value at normal GT
EEDI value at 20 % increase of GT and 10 % lightweight increase
EEDI value at 20 % decrease of GT and 10 % lightweight reduction
EEDI base line 2013
EEDI requrement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
33 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers Variation of gross tonnage and light weight
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass. Low cargo density4160 t deadweight. Change of gross tonnage and lightweight
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
EEDI value at normal GT
EEDI value at 20 % increase of GT and 20 % lightweight increase
EEDI value at 20 % decrease of GT and 20 % lightweight reduction
EEDI base line 2013
EEDI requrement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
34 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers Variation of gross tonnage and light weight
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.Low cargo density. 4160 t deadweight
Change of GT and lightweight
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
CO
2 p
er t
pay
load
per
nm
(g
/t/n
m)
Original deadweight
20 % GT increase and 20 % lightweight increase
20 % GT reduction and 20 % lightweight reduction
35 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengers Variation of gross tonnage and light weight
Ro-Pax ship 2000 passengersLow cargo density. 4160 t deadweight
GT and lightweight change
Power = constant x speedN
EEDI = constant x speedN-3.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
Po
wer
exp
on
ent,
N
Original deadweight
20 % GT increase and 20 % lightweight increase
20 % GT reduction and 20 % lightweight reduction
36 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengersFull deadweight – DUAL FUEL main engine
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.4160 ton deadweight
Payload: 2.1 t/lanemeterDUAL FUEL MAIN ENGINE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
(g/t
pay
load
/nm
)
Actual EEDI valueEEDI base line - 2013EDDI requirement in 2015EEDI requirement in 2020EEDI requirement in 2025CO2 per ton payload per nm
37 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengersChange of length
Ro-Pax ship (1600 pass.)4160 tons deadweight
Change of length
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
20000
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Speed (knots)
Pro
pu
lsio
n p
ow
er
(kW
)
Normal Lpp = 147.65 m
10 % length increase
20 % length increase
38 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengersChange of length
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
0
50
100
150
200
250
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
CO
2 p
er t
pay
load
per
nm
(g
/t/n
m) Original Lpp = 147.65 m
10 % length increase
20 % length increase
39 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengersChange of length
Ro-Pax ship1600 pass.4160 DWT
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
EEDI value at normal length
EEDI value at 10 % length increaseEEDI value at 20 % length increase
EEDI base line 2013
EEDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020EEDI requirement in 2025
40 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengersChange of length
Ro-Pax ship 1600 passengers
Power = constant x speedN
EEDI = constant x speedN-3.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
Po
wer
exp
on
ent,
N
N = 3.5
Original length = 147.65 m
10 % length increase
20 % length increase
41 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengersChange of draught
Ro-Pax ship (1600 pass.)4160 tons deadweight
Change of draught
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
20000
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Speed (knots)
Pro
pu
lsio
n p
ow
er
(kW
)
Normal draught = 5.89 m
5 % draught increase
10 % draught increase
42 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengersChange of draught
Ro-Pax ship - 1600 pass.
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
CO
2 p
er t
pay
load
per
nm
(g
/t/n
m)
Original draught = 5.89 m
5 % draught increase
10 % draught increase
43 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 1600 passengersChange of draught
Ro-Pax ship1600 pass.4160 DWT
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
EEDI value at normal draughtEEDI value at 5 % draught increaseEEDI value at 10 % draught increaseEEDI base line 2013EEDI requirement in 2015EEDI requirement in 2020EEDI requirement in 2025
44 Technical University of Denmark
EXAMPLE No. 2400 passenger Ro-Pax ship with high cargo capacity
Main dimensionsCapacity 400 pass.Length between pp 160.20 mBreadth 24.97 mMaximum draught 6.07 mDepth to upper deck 14.95 mLength of Ro-Ro lanes 1530 mNumber of passenger cars 254Number of berths 257 (64 % of pass.)Normal deadweight 5681 tons (3.7 t/lm)Lightship weight 10530 tonsNormal displacement 16211 tonsBlock coefficient based on Lpp 0.651Gross tonnage 22905 GTNormal service speed 21.3 knotsEngine power (MCR) 20287 kWService speed obtained at 90 % MCR incl. 15 % sea margin
Main dimensions are calculated by the generic model SHIP-DESMO-RoPax developed by Hans Otto Kristensen (HOK Marineconsult ApS) as contractual work for DTU Transport
45 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengersFull deadweight
Ro-Pax ship - 400 pass.5681 ton deadweight
Payload: 2.4 t/lanemeter
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
(g/t
pay
load
/nm
)
Actual EEDI value
EEDI base line - 2013
EDDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
CO2 per ton payload per nm
46 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengersEEDI as function of deadweight
Ro-Pax ships
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2800 3300 3800 4300 4800 5300 5800
Deadweight (t)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
EEDI baseline with 3 different deadweights
EEDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
47 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers
Ro-Pax ship (400 pass.)
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
20000
24000
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Speed (knots)
Pro
pu
lsio
n p
ow
er
(kW
) Normal deadweight 5681 tons
25 % deadweight reduction (4261 t dw)
50 % deadweight reduction (2840 t dw)
48 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers25 % deadweight reduction
Ro-Pax ship - 400 pass.4261 t deadweight
Payload: 1.8 t/lanemeter
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
0
40
80
120
160
200
(g/t
pay
load
/nm
)
Actual EEDI value
EEDI base line - 2013
EDDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
CO2 per ton payload per nm
49 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers50 % deadweight reduction
Ro-Pax ship - 100 pass.2840 t deadweight
Payload: 1.2 t/lanemeter
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
(g/t
pay
load
/nm
)
Actual EEDI value
EEDI base line - 2013
EDDI requirement in 2015
EEDI requirement in 2020
EEDI requirement in 2025
CO2 per ton payload per nm
50 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers EEDI values at different design speeds and deadweight
Ro-Pax ship - 400 passengers
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
EEDI value at 5681 t deadweight
EEDI value at 4261 t deadweight
EEDI value at 2840 t deadweight
51 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers Speed exponent, N, as function of speed and block coefficient, Cb
Ro-Pax ship 400 passengers
Power = constant x speedN
EEDI = constant x speedN-3.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Design speed (knots)
Po
wer
exp
on
ent,
N
5681 t deadweight (Cb = 0.65)
4261 t deadweight (Cb = 0.59)
2840 t deadweight (Cb = 0.54)
N = 3.5
52 Technical University of Denmark
Ro-Pax ship with 400 passengers CO2 per t payload per nm at different
design speeds and deadweight
Ro-Pax ship - 400 pass.
0
50
100
150
200
250
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
CO
2 p
er t
pay
load
per
nm
(g
/t/n
m) 5681 t deadeweight
4261 t deadweight
2840 t deadweight
53 Technical University of Denmark
Quantitative conclusion/summaryfor Ro-Pax ships
The overall results of the two examples with different deadweight presented are shown in following table. The ship design consequences of the choice to reduce the deadweight for the actual ships to improve the EEDI fulfilment are also shown – unfortunately showing that the deadweight for the rolling cargo is seriously degraded
Passengers Lanemeter DW PayloadNumber of
carsPayload/LM
Permissible weight per
car
Permissible weight for a 14 m truck
EEDI at 21 knots
EEDI baseline
Margin to baseline
EEDI fullfilment
CO2 per ton
payload per nm at 21 knots
m tons tons tons/m tons tons g/t/nm g/t/nm % g/t/nm
400 1530 5681 3693 254 2.41 14.4 34 29.85 27.92 -6.9 NO 143
400 1530 4261 2769 254 1.81 10.7 25 28.44 31.15 8.7 2015 160
400 1530 2840 1846 254 1.21 7.1 17 29.43 36.36 19.1 2015 212
1600 1197 4160 2496 420 2.09 5.6 29 28.45 31.44 9.5 2015 186
1600 1197 3120 1875 420 1.57 4.1 22 27.80 35.08 20.7 2020 213
1600 1197 2080 1248 420 1.04 2.6 15 28.89 40.94 29.4 2020 288
54 Technical University of Denmark
Conclusions for Ro-Pax ships
With the present formulation of the EEDI calculation procedure for Ro-Ro passenger ships (IMO Res. MEPC 245(66) – Annex 5), following conclusions can be drawn:
• The calculated EEDI value does not reflect the real environmental performance of a Ro-Ro passenger ship
• Reduction of the design speed increases the EEDI value, although the CO2 emissions per ton payload per nautical mile are reduced by lowering the speed
• Slow steaming for Ro-Ro passenger ships is an environmental option for reduction of the carbon foot print, but not legally when judged from a purely EEDI point of view
• Reduction of the deadweight is a way to reduce the EEDI value according to the present rules, such that the future requirements can be met, however resulting in poor ship designs with too small deadweight as a consequence such that only person cars and light cargo vans can be transported, but NO lorries
• The EEDI formulas are fundamentally wrong and ship designers are not able to design efficient, environmentally friendly and future orientated ships for the Ro-Ro sector
• DUAL FUEL is a possible solution for meeting the strict EEDI requirements
55 Technical University of Denmark
EXAMPLE No. 32000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo ship
Main dimensionsCapacity 2000 lanemterLength between pp 150.45 mBreadth 23.62 mMaximum draught 6.41 mDepth to upper deck 14.86 mNormal deadweight 8064 tons (4.0 t/lm)Lightship weight 6979 tonsNormal displacement 15043 tonsBlock coefficient based on Lpp 0.644Normal service speed 18.8 knotsEngine power (MCR) 10966 kWService speed obtained at 90 % MCR incl. 15 % sea margin
Main dimensions and engine power are calculated by the generic model SHIP-DESMO-RoPax developed by Hans Otto Kristensen (HOK Marineconsult ApS) as contractual work for DTU Transport
56 Technical University of Denmark
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo shipDeadweight density: 3.0 t/lanemeter
2000 LM Ro-Ro cargo ship3.0 t dw/lanemeter. Cb = 0.632
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
10 12 14 16 18 20 22Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
0
25
50
75
100
125
CO
2 p
er t
pay
load
per
n
m (
g/m
/nm
)
Attained EEDIEEDI base line 2013EEDI requirement 2015EEDI requirement 2020EEDI requirement 2025CO2 emissions per ton payload per nm
57 Technical University of Denmark
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo shipDeadweight density: 4.0 t/lanemeter
2000 LM Ro-Ro cargo ship4.0 t dw/lanemeter. Cb = 0.644
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
0
25
50
75
100
125
CO
2 p
er t
pay
load
per
n
m (
g/t
/nm
)
Attained EEDIEEDI base line 2013EEDI requirement 2015EEDI requirement 2020EEDI requirement 2025CO2 emissions per ton payload per nm
58 Technical University of Denmark
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo shipDeadweight density: 6.0 t/lanemeter
2000 LM Ro-Ro cargo ship6.0 t dw/lanemeter. Cb = 0.656
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
CO
2 p
er t
pay
load
per
n
m (
g/t
/nm
)
Attained EEDIEEDI base line 2013EEDI requirement 2015EEDI requirement 2020EEDI requirement 2025CO2 emissions per ton payload per nm
59 Technical University of Denmark
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo shipDeadweight density: 6.0 t/lanemeter
2000 LM Ro-Ro cargo ship6.0 t dw/lanemeter. Cb = 0.656
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
CO
2 p
er t
pay
load
per
n
m (
g/t
/nm
)
Attained EEDIEEDI base line 2013EEDI requirement 2015EEDI requirement 2020EEDI requirement 2025CO2 emissions per ton payload per nm
60 Technical University of Denmark
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo ship
2000 LM Ro-Ro-cargo ships
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Design speed (knots)
EE
DI
(g/t
/nm
)
EEDI for 6064 dwt
EEDI for 8064 dwt
EEDI for 12064 dwt
EEDI baseline for 6064 dwt
EEDI base line for 8064 dwt
EEDI base line for 12064 dwt
61 Technical University of Denmark
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo ship
2000 LM Ro-Ro cargo ship
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
12 14 16 18 20 22
Speed (knots)
CO
2 em
issi
on
s p
er t
pay
load
per
nm
(g/t
/nm
)
6064 dwt
8064 dwt
12064 dwt
62 Technical University of Denmark
2000 lanemeter Ro-Ro cargo ship
2000 LM Ro-Ro cargo ship
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
12 14 16 18 20 22Speed (knots)
Pro
pu
lsio
n p
ow
er (
kW) 3 t deadweight per lanemeter (Cb= 0.632)
4 t deadweight per lanemeter (Cb = 0.644)
6 t deadweight per lanemeter (Cb = 0.656)
63 Technical University of Denmark
Thank you for your attentionQUESTIONS ?