STANDARDS & PROCEDURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

POLLUTION

Presented by : Mubbshir QureshiPresented to : Dr. ALLAHNAWAZ KHAN

outlineStandardsMajor pollutants and their effectsParameters for measurement

AQI: Air Quality Index

Indicates whether pollutant levels in air may cause health concerns.

Ranges from 0 (least concern) to 500 (greatest concern)

More than 60 countries are using this

AQI calculator

5-major pollutants and their dangerous effects

Carbon Monoxide

Colorless, odorlessProduced when carbon does not burn in fossil fuelsPresent in car exhaustDeprives body of O2 causing headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision

Sulfur Dioxide

Produced when coal and fuel oil are burned

Present in power plant exhaust

Narrows the airway, causing wheezing and shortness of breath, especially in those with asthma

Sulfur Dioxide

Nitrogen Dioxide

Reddish, brown gasProduced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmospherePresent in car exhaust and power plantsAffects lungs and causes wheezing; increases chance of respiratory infection

Particulate Matter

Particles of different sizes and structures that are released into the atmosphere

Present in many sources including fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc.

Pan build up in respiratory system

Aggravates heart and lung disease; increases risk of respiratory infection

Ground Level Ozone

At upper level, ozone shields Earth from sun’s harmful UV rays

At ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants

Formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust

Irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

Parameters for measuring air

pollution

Parameters for measuring air pollution

Area of measurementMeasurement time period(1 year, at least 6 months)Measurement height(1.5 to 4 meters above ground)Necessary certainty of measurement results(High)

Parameters for measuring air pollution

Duration of each measurement(1/2 hour for gaseous pollutants,24 hours for suspended dust, 1 month for dust precipitation)Measured object(Air pollution emitted from the planned facility)Costs(Depend on measurement area and objectives)

Measurement procedures of

environmental pollution

Measurement procedures for inorganic gases

SO2:- Conductometry reaction of SO2 with H2O2  in dilute H2SO4; measurement of increased conductivityNO/NO2:- Chemiluminescence;  reaction of NO with O3 to NO2;  detection of chemiluminescence  radiation with photomultiplier

Measurement procedures for inorganic gases

Ozone:-Chemiluminescence; reaction of O3 with ethene to formaldehyde; detection of chemiluminescence radiation with photomultiplierCO:-Non-dispersive infrared absorption; measurement of IR absorption with specific detector

photomultiplier tube

photomultiplier tube