environmental science & engineering magazine march-april 2015

www.esemag.comMar/Apr 2015

Removing disinfection byproducts

Iqaluit to have largest WWTP in the north

Using reclaimed wastewater has risks

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Investigating groundwater contamination

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ESE Contents-MA.15.indd 3 3/28/15 4:25 AM

FEATURES

ISSN-0835-605X • Mar/Apr 2015 Vol. 28 No. 2 • Issued April 2015

6 UN predicts massive global water shortfall by 2030

8 Site contamination is a hidden danger of property ownership

12 Wastewater reused for Bermuda island resort toilet flushing

14 Testing for genotoxicity in recycled drinking water sources

16 Durham removes H2S from its

Courtice WPCP

18 Site investigation vital for groundwater protection - Cover Story

24 Corrosion control of iron pipe with poly-ethylene encasement

28 Understanding the health risks with reclaimed wastewater

32 Yogurt plant benefits from upgraded wastewater and EFW systems

34 New WWTP prevents contamination of a prime vacation spot

36 AWWA updates its cold water meter standards

38 Niagara completes eight month combined sewer overflow study

42 Nfld town chooses nanofiltration to remove disinfection byproducts

46 How Canada’s climate has changed during the last 140 years

50 Many hurdles faced to create the largest WWTP in Canada’s North

54 PEI town converts drainage ditch into multi user trail system

56 Toluene is a natural occurrence in water

60 Five things you need to know about WHMIS 2015

64 Protecting lone workers in remote areas is vital

67 In situ site remediation requires the right mixing

ContentsEditor and Publisher STEVE DAVEY

Email: [email protected]

Assistant Editor PETER DAVEYEmail: [email protected]

Sales Director PENNY DAVEYEmail: [email protected]

Sales Representative DENISE SIMPSON Email: [email protected]

Accounting SANDRA DAVEYEmail: [email protected]

Circulation Manager DARLANN PASSFIELDEmail: [email protected]

Design and Production EINAR RICE

Technical Advisory BoardArchis Ambulkar, Jones and Henry Engineers Ltd.

Gary Burrows, City of London

Jim Bishop, Consulting Chemist, Ontario

Patrick Coleman, Black & Veatch

Bill DeAngelis, Associated Engineering

Mohammed Elenany, Urban Systems

William Fernandes, Region of Peel

Eric MacDonald, Cole Engineering Group

Marie Meunier, John Meunier Inc., Québec

Peter J. Paine, Environment Canada

Tony Petrucci, Stantec, Markham

Environmental Science & Engineering is a bi-monthly business publication of Environmental Science & Engineering Publications Inc. An all Canadian publication, ES&E provides authoritative editorial coverage of Canada’s municipal and industrial environmental control systems and drinking water treatment and distribution.

Readers include consulting engineers, industrial plant managers and engineers, key municipal, provincial and federal environmental officials, water and wastewater plant operators and contractors.

Information contained in ES&E has been compiled from sources believed to be correct. ES&E cannot be responsible for the accuracy of articles or other editorial matter. Articles in this magazine are intended to provide information rather than give legal or other professional advice. Articles being submitted for review should be emailed to [email protected].

Canadian Publications Mail Sales Second Class MailProduct Agreement No. 40065446 Registration No. 7750

Undeliverable copies, advertising space orders, copy, artwork, proofs, etc., should be sent to: Environmental Science & Engineering, 220 Industrial Pkwy. S., Unit 30, Aurora, Ontario, Canada, L4G 3V6, Tel: (905)727-4666, Fax: (905) 841-7271, Web site: www.esemag.com

DEPARTMENTSEnvironmental News . . . 85-89Product Showcase . . . . . 71-75Professional Cards . . . . . 85-88Ad Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Session Information . . . . . 76CANECT Floor Plan . . . . . . . 78Exhibitors Listings . . . . . . . 80

Page 24

Page 14

Page 12

23rd ANNUAL

OFFICIAL SHOW GUIDE

CANECT 2015

CANECT 2015

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Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine6 | March/April 2015

A recent report by UNES-CO’s World Water Assess-ment Program says we are facing a 40% global water

deficit by 2030, unless current practic-es change. This is dependent on popu-lation growth, urbanization, food and energy security policies, changing diets and increasing consumption. The report says that by 2050, agriculture will need to produce 60% more food globally. Water demand by industry is expected to increase by 400%.

If politicians are unable or unwilling to control global population growth, it will be up to water and wastewater en-gineers and scientists to come up with technologies and strategies to provide adequate and safe water supplies. With shrinking water resources, wastewater recycling and reuse are becoming main-stream options.

Water reuse is not a new concept. In fact it has been going on since time began with the hydrological cycle. With the introduction of water and wastewa-ter treatment in the 19th century, surface water reuse became safer. Until then, dilution was the only physical barrier between one community’s wastewater discharge and another’s drinking water intake.

In recent years, water reuse and re-cycling have evolved and many systems are in place, or planned. This has cre-ated new opportunities and issues for water and wastewater professionals as several articles in this issue describe.

Testing for genotoxicity in alternative drinking water sources explains that an increasing need to recycle drinking wa-ter has changed the nature of the source water that enters treatment facilities. “It has forced us to reassess how we ascertain cleanliness in these supplies. Furthermore, initial public responses to recycling processes have been largely negative. The “toilet to tap” concept is a hard sell. Demonstrating the safety and potability of recycled water has become a priority to increase support for new drinking water initiatives,” says author Aaron Witham.

Understanding the health risks with re-

claimed wastewater details a unique res-idential/commercial development project, which was recently approved by Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development in Rocky View County, west of Calgary. This master planned commu-nity will include a self-contained system, which will treat residential wastewater and collect it for irrigation within the de-velopment. Concerns were expressed by regulatory stakeholders regarding the pro-tection of public health. Cyanobacteria, indicator organisms, turbidity and chlo-rine residuals were also raised as issues of interest, given the design of the wastewa-ter system and the novelty of the project.

Wastewater reuse – a beautiful solu-tion for Bermuda resort is an example of innovative thinking and engineering. The Fairmont Southampton Bermuda Resort uses a large amount of water and elec-tricity in order to maintain such a vast property and meet the needs of its guests. Water is a very expensive commodity on the island. Reusing effluent for toilet flushing saves the resort 30,200 m3 of fresh water per year.

Reflecting the need for more water recycling and reuse, the WateReuse Re-search Foundation and WateReuse As-sociation recently announced they plan to merge their leadership. The Research Foundation will continue to conduct cutting-edge research to improve the treatment, distribution, and acceptance of water reuse. The Association will continue to strategically advocate for laws, policies, and funding that promote and increase water reuse.

The world’s population is growing by 80 million people per year and is ex-pected to reach 9.1 billion by 2050. Wa-ter and wastewater professionals have their work cut out for them, if we are to sustain everyone.

Steve Davey is Editor of ES&E Magazine. E-mail:[email protected]

Editorial Comment by Steve Davey

UN predicts massive global water shortfall by 2030

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Guest Comment

Anyone wanting to sell or re-finance their property will probably need a Phase Two Environmental Site Assess-

ment (ESA) to prove their site is compli-ant with all the environmental rules and regulations, and that soil and groundwater do not contain toxic chemicals.

If a site doesn’t meet these criteria, the purchase deal will likely be held up, until it is cleaned up, or risk assessed. Both will be costly and time consum-ing. Cleanup costs can range from sev-eral thousand to several million dollars, depending on the extent of the problem. These costs usually get deducted from the selling price. They can mount up to well over 100% of the selling price. The higher they are, the less likely it is that the site will actually be cleaned up.

Sinking significant funds into site cleanups, if there is no reasonable re-turn on the investment, doesn’t make good business sense, despite any envi-ronmental benefits.

Where the cost of the cleanup is more than their value, sites usually end up being mothballed or, worse still, aban-doned and become brownfields. Much of the current environmental legislation has been aimed at ensuring they are cleaned up and that no more brownfields are cre-ated. Unfortunately, the new rules may be having the opposite effect.

Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, allowable limits of contaminants in soil and groundwater were dramatically lowered and the number of contami-nants greatly expanded. This was great news for the politicians and an enviro-phobic public. However, it created some very tragic consequences and very real injustices for property owners. Every time an allowable limit is lowered or a new contaminant is added, somebody’s property becomes “dirty” and needs to be cleaned up. The day before, the prop-erty may have been “clean”, but now it is “dirty.” Its value drops significantly, in some cases to less than zero.

Tragically, this situation may not be known until the property is put up for sale and the environmental consultant reports

that the property is contaminated. This scenario is becoming common and too many property owners are facing a pret-ty bleak financial future. It is not by any willful or careless action on their part but by the simple stroke of a legislative pen!

I cannot recall ever reading an article or seeing any public announcement or dis-cussion telling property owners that some proposed new lowering of an allowable limit will mean they are now bankrupt. But, that is precisely what is happening.

As a property owner, I sure would want to be part of the discussion of any new legislation which has the potential to bankrupt me. Also, I would expect my government to offer some kind of relief or compensation when it can clearly be shown that I had no way of knowing any of this when I bought the property, hop-ing to develop it.

Examples abound of lives financially ruined by these new rules. From small businesses to larger commercial opera-tions expecting a healthy return on their investment, the news that their proper-ty value is far less than they thought is shocking. The general reaction is one of hurt and anger that they have been blind-sided by government actions of which

they had no knowledge or part. Now they own a property which cannot be sold un-less they commit to clean it up. Or, they cannot get a bank loan to refinance un-less it is cleaned up. This cost is on top of what has been spent for the ESA.

Worse still, the source of the contami-nants may be off-site, not known, or from more than one source. So, the unfortu-nate property owner is now faced with a worthless property and doesn’t even know who to sue for compensation. Even if they could, the current success rate in such cases is near zero. Hence, a single contaminated property has the potential to destroy many surrounding property values. No one may know about it until an environmental assessment is triggered on any of the affected sites.

The whole issue of who is responsi-ble for the environmental condition of private property can be grossly unfair and unjust to property owners whose only fault was to be the site owner when the government changed the rules. These new rules are very much stacked against them and are based more on “en-virophobia” than science or fact.

There may indeed be a benefit to en- continued overleaf...

Ever-changing allowable contaminant levels threaten property values By George Duncan

An underground fuel tank led to soil contamination at this building. Remediation was completed during the property’s acquisition. Photo by KG Services

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suring a site meets the extremely low al-lowable limits for various contaminants. These are often calculated to eliminate cancer risk in one in a million of the gen-eral population. But, surely that needs to be weighed against the heartbreak and bankruptcies of property owners. When do a million people eat dirt?

I asked one provincial environmen-

tal officer what to advise a client selling a small downtown apartment building, found to be impacted with trichloro-ethylene from some off-site, unknown source. What was the purpose of clean-ing it up, if more contaminant was sim-ply going to migrate back on to the prop-erty? The officer’s response was that “some property owners are installing

reactive barriers around the site bound-aries to prevent re-contamination.” It is certainly an option, but this may be too expensive for small properties. Marie Antoinette’s famous quote “Let them eat cake” springs to mind!

As baby boomer generation entrepre-neurs reach their retirement years, many are in for the shock of their lives when consultants find their sites exceed one or more of the hundreds of contaminants now listed in a government table. This is often at some unbelievably low allow-able limit, which even a laboratory has a hard time quantifying with any certainty.

It is past the time for the business community to wake up and challenge the idea that the only people who know what constitutes an acceptable environmental risk are government bureaucrats and to-tally risk-averse environmentalists. Oth-erwise, I predict ever-increasing tight-ening of allowable limits and more and more property owners being bankrupted.

George Duncan is with A&A Environmental Consultants Inc.


Guest Comment

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Wastewater Reuse

The Fairmont Southampton Ber-muda Resort is a spectacular 596-room hotel surrounded by nearly 100 acres, ranging from

sparkling pink sand beaches, to towering coconut trees and an exceptional golf course. The resort uses a large amount of water and electricity in order to maintain such a vast property and meet the needs of their guests. It is a very expensive commodity on the island, and the resort has installed a desalination plant to aug-ment its infrastructure.

The on-site wastewater treatment

plant treats the hotel’s wastewater and the effluent is reused by the golf course for irrigation. As part of their Green Part-nership Program, Fairmont Hotels & Resorts wanted to further reduce the cost and environmental impact of water use at the facility. They sought out H2Flow’s expertise to strategize a better solution.

The challengeSeawater and desalinated water were

the two water sources for toilet flushing at the facility. Seawater use caused infra-structure problems and upset the biologi-

cal wastewater treatment plant due to high salinity. Additionally, a lot of power was required to pump it to the resort, which is situated 180 feet above sea level. On the other hand, using desalinated water was a very expensive option that reduced their water supply during peak season and greatly increased operational costs.

The resort wanted to look at options for reusing effluent from the wastewater treatment plant to save on water. They needed to make sure the solution per-formed consistently as well as effectively.

The solutionReusing effluent for non-potable

water use was reviewed and considered because of its cost-effectiveness and environmental benefit. This involved filtering effluent from the wastewater treatment plant using a Dynasand filter, a pre-filter alum dosing system and a post-filter chlorination system. Filtered water is stored in a covered tank and from there it is pumped for distribution. A blue dye is injected to distinguish this non-potable water from potable water.

H2Flow provided all equipment for the effluent reuse system and provided training to the treatment plant opera-tors on operating and maintaining the system. The result is a robust, environ-mentally sound system, saving the resort 30,200 m3 of fresh water per year.

For more information, visitwww.h2flow.com

Wastewater reuse – a beautiful solution for Bermuda resort

H2Flow provided all equipment and training for the effluent reuse system.

A blue dye is injected to distinguish this non-potable water from potable water.

As part of their Green Partnership Program, Fairmont Hotels & Resorts wanted to further reduce the cost and environmental impact of water use at the facility.

00-NEWS-JF.15-new order.indd 19 2/1/15 10:14 PM191 MA.15_WW Reuse-Bermuda.indd 12 3/28/15 4:29 AM

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Water Supply

Our drinking water is chang-ing! Even relatively wa-ter-rich areas like North America are approaching a

tipping point of not being able to sepa-rate drinking water sources from waste-water effluents because there just aren’t enough available. Areas of the world which experience more severe dry weather or frequent drought conditions have been dealing with drinking water supply problems for many years.

Liberal water use combined with climate change and population growth is diminishing world water stores. Ac-cording to the United Nations, half the world’s population will face inadequate water supply by 2030. As shortages be-come more extreme, and water supplies are cut, we are increasingly aware that alternative resources need to be found and that water conservation must be-come an international priority.

What can we do about global water shortages? The answer seems to lie in the three Rs - Reduce, Reuse and Recy-cle. Although the first R is an individual responsibility, the latter two are current-ly being accomplished by wastewater recycling facilities. These take tens of millions of litres of wastewater every day and reuse it for public consump-tion. Pilot plants in California, Africa and Australia are succeeding in provid-ing clean drinking water for significant percentages of the population, entirely from wastewater sources.

An increasing need to recycle water has changed the nature of the source water that enters treatment facilities. It has forced us to reassess how we as-certain cleanliness in these supplies. Furthermore, initial public responses to recycling processes have been largely negative. The “toilet to tap” concept is a hard sell. Demonstrating the safety and potability of recycled water has become a priority to increase support for new drinking water initiatives.

Micro-contaminants from disinfec-tion processes, small molecules that pass through traditional wastewater

treatment and enzymatic metabolites are combining in complex ways to produce largely unknown and changing mixtures of toxicants present in effluent. Unfortu-nately, traditional assessment strategies do not adequately address new human exposure situations that can arise from recycled water use.

Furthermore, sub-chronic human health endpoints like genotoxicity, which can cause both subtle and not so subtle cellular damage that can have

long-term effects on a population, are currently not considered, except in a few European countries.

Current testing practices employ contaminant markers and other indi-cators of pollution such as chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, total

residual chlorine, metal ions and spe-cific disinfection byproducts to assess chemical water quality. These methods, while providing some effective data, ig-nore chemically complex toxicological endpoints which would help produce a more complete assessment.

One problem with the way we cur-rently test our water has to do with mix-ture effects like synergism and antago-nism. These are not taken into account due to the large amount of component variation from different sources and the impossibility of screening for all of them. Also, if a compound is not a monitored biomarker, it is not observed in screening assays. Finally, effects from compounds that cause various sub-chronic endpoints, like mutagenicity or genotoxicity, are rarely addressed, as they are for the most part not regulated.

Although testing deficiencies are apparent, prominent regulatory organi-zations in Europe are pushing to adopt new strategies that include genotoxicity testing and mixture analysis for waste-water based on a number of reasons. Some of these include:• Hundreds of thousands of chemicals

are used commercially and new sub-stances are introduced daily.

• There are numerous unintended by-

Testing for genotoxicity in alternative drinking water sources By Dr. Aaron Witham

Initial public responses to recycling processes

have been largely negative. The ‘toilet to tap’ concept

is a hard sell.

184 MA.15_Testing for genotoxicity.indd 14 3/28/15 4:30 AM

March/April 2015 | 15 www.esemag.com

Water Supply

products and transformation prod-ucts of these chemicals in our water supplies arising from human metab-olism and excretion, as well as envi-ronmental breakdown products, dis-infection byproducts and microbial metabolites.

• Some compounds are persistent, can bioaccumulate and are potentially toxic.

• Mixtures of chemicals can have ad-verse additive or cumulative effects on organisms, although individual components of the mixture are below effective levels.

• Total composition of wastewater ef-fluent is not known, since only a few substances have been analytically identified from it. OSPAR is the current legal instrument

guiding international cooperation on the protection of North-East Atlantic marine environments. In a 2002 report, OSPAR stated, “although the potential hazard of genotoxins to the environment needs further clarification, the need to consid-er genotoxicity and mutagenicity testing in Whole Effluent Assessment is widely acknowledged.” The Control of Hazard-ous Substances in the Baltic Sea Region Project also acknowledged in 2010 that, “it is not rare these identified substances are responsible for only a small fraction of the harmful effects caused by the ef-fluent. Unknown substances and com-bined effects of chemicals account for the rest of the adverse effects.”

Despite recommendations for im-provements to current methods and the incorporation of regulated genotoxicity testing for effluent samples, these assays have yet to be implemented for most wastewater applications.

To date, most of the research into un-derstanding and monitoring genotoxic effects for drinking water has been aca-demically driven. However, large water suppliers are beginning to recognize the legal and ethical responsibility of know-ing the contents of the water they deliv-er to customers.

Current technological advancements in water testing are addressing increased public pressure to test for sub-chronic endpoints like genotoxicity and analyze water samples for complex mixture ef-fects. There is also a general paradigm shift in toxicology testing procedures

to focus more on in vitro assays, which screen large volumes of substances. This is a shift from costly, time-con-suming animal testing practices.

Biotechnology companies, such as Environmental Bio-Detection Products Inc. (EBPI), are developing new systems to improve water assessment by using

modified Ames assays and SOS response tests. Newly developed lines of engi-neered bacteria express specific human enzymes to screen for individual metab-olite contaminants. This allows for better correlations to human health. These new types of assays are responsive to mixture effects, can detect genotoxicity at small concentrations, do not require sample pre-concentration, produce easy-to-read endpoints with minimal equipment, and are in vitro methods.

Technical advancements such as these, permit water suppliers to perform tests on their effluent in a rapid and fi-

nancially responsible manner. They can not only assess genotoxic effects direct-ly from specific toxicants, but can also observe effects from mutagenic and genotoxic precursors that require enzy-matic bioactivation. With the increasing amount of chemicals dispensed into the environment, as well as changes in water usage, these types of assays are becoming more important for initial screening and assessment of effluent prior to discharge.

The knowledge and tools are cur-rently available for the water industry to be proactive and demonstrate to their customers that health and safety is a top priority. By not waiting for regulators to force these testing practices upon them, consumer confidence in water reuse is in-creased, while protecting the public from chronic exposure to potential mutagens.

Proper testing, combined with intel-ligent regulation and implementation of novel drinking water treatment tech-nologies, will help ensure that the value of water is maximized. Also, consumer confidence in alternative drinking water sources is increased, and water conser-vation progresses intelligently. This will provide clean water access for genera-tions to come.

References available upon request.

Dr. Aaron Witham is with Environmental Bio-Detection Products Inc.


Testing for genotoxic responses from environmental contaminants in water.

The knowledge and tools are currently available for the water industry to be proactive and demonstrate

that health and safety is a top priority.

184 MA.15_Testing for genotoxicity.indd 15 3/28/15 4:31 AM


Odour Control

The Regional Municipality of Durham began operations at its Courtice Water Pollution Control Plant in December

2007. Located directly east of the Great-er Toronto Area, the $163-million plant handles 68,200 m3/day via a 1050 mm force main travelling 6.5 km from the Harmony Creek pumping station. At the time, it was the largest project Durham had undertaken.

The Courtice WWTP is one of 11 the Region operates. Biological and chemi-cal processes are used to reduce levels of organics, ammonia, phosphorus and chlorine discharged into Lake Ontario.

When the odour of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) found its way into the headworks building, where the screens and grit clas-sifier are located, as well as the head-works basement where the blowers and grit slurry pumps are found, plant staff investigated odour abatement solutions.

They measured H2S contamination in order to establish the location, source and loading of the odour. Using an Oda-Log® Type RTx logger they discovered the greatest odour source originated from the upper vault, where the force main from the Harmony site entered the head-works building. Within the upper vault,

the logger measured a 24-hour hydrogen sulphide average of 58 mg/l, with a max-imum of approximately 130 mg/l.

Odour abatement technologies used in WWTP operations traditionally em-ploy highly engineered, custom de-signed and constructed systems. Such systems can be very expensive and re-

quire a lot of maintenance, chemicals, electricity and other resources.

Many times, these engineered solu-tions involve building additional infra-structure in order to house hardware, store chemicals, and capture and redi-rect contaminated air through a series of complex air handling and exhaust hard-

Addressing high H2S contamination with hydroxyl technology By Martin Slepkov

Hydroxyl generators were used in the HVAC system for chemical dosing rooms.

Hydroxyl generators installed on the upper vault.

COMPLETE System Responsibility

See the system running at:huberforum.net/complete

Get it right at the headworks.

Mission-critical processesdownstream perform better.

Downtime is greatly reduced.

167 MA.15_Courtice WWTP-alt layout.indd 16 3/28/15 4:31 AM


Odour Control

ware, into a wide spectrum of media filtration devices. These include wet/dry/chemical scrubbers, or large scale bio-digestive systems. Using chemicals or “solution through dilution” exhaust stack discharge are often considered to be the answer.

In April 2014, while attending the WEAO Technical Symposium and OP-CEA Exhibition in London, Ontario, members of the Courtice WWTP came across Odorox® atmospheric hydroxyl generating technology.

Empirical research conducted by third party, accredited and highly recognized laboratories, has proven that Odorox at-mospheric hydroxyl generators produce the same steady state levels of hydroxyl radicals and other oxidants as produced by the sun’s rays in our atmosphere.

These oxidants react with volatile or-ganic compounds (VOCs), water vapor and other volatilized chemicals such as H2S, free ammonia and chloramines, to generate the same mixture of organic byproducts produced in nature. These byproducts continue to be oxidized un-til they yield O2, CO2, H2O, etc. Lab-oratory studies further proved that the oxidants and byproducts were safe. In-dependent toxicology studies showed treated animals were no different than untreated animals.

Hydroxyl radicals can totally decom-pose VOCs, both within the irradiation chamber of the Odorox machine and throughout the treatment space. It is a process that is very well understood and documented in over 25 years of chemi-cal literature. Decomposition of volatile organic and inorganic compounds by hydroxyl radicals involves a complex se-ries of free radical oxidation steps, that gradually result in the loss of individual carbon atoms, to eventually form CO2.

After a few discussions and site visits, in partnership with the Courtice team, Hydroxyl Environmental pro-posed a “demo-to-sale” arrangement. Automated Odorox MVP14™ atmo-spheric hydroxyl generators were in-stalled on top of the upper vault. These generators, with a very small footprint, sat on a grate outside the treatment space, exposed to outdoor elements.

Once installed, average daily H2S levels were reduced to less than 10 mg/l,

with a maximum of 51 mg/l. These re-sults met the buying criteria set by the Region. Additional units to totally elim-inate contamination loading are under consideration.

Atmospheric hydroxyl generating technology does not consume any chem-icals, sprays or masking agents, has no filtration media devices and uses very little energy.

Since installing the hydroxyl gen-erators, Courtice WWTP staff have experienced a reduction of odour con-tamination in the headworks building. Additionally, the Region began to iden-tify that the level of corrosion activity has been reduced in the basement where the blowers and grit slurry pumps are located. Smaller hydroxyl generator units in other spaces that have indoor air quality issues or potential high cor-rosion concerns have been added. These include control and instrumentation

rooms and pumping stations.The Region installed two Odorox

IDU™ units onto HVAC air handlers that supply fresh air into the sodium bisulfite and ferrous chloride chemical storage area and pump rooms. WWTP staff have noticed a drastic reduction in odour and corrosive contamination within these treatment spaces.

Durham Region was pleased with the results of this initial pilot study. Hy-droxyl generation technology success-fully mitigated several different types of odorous substances in a cost-effective manner. With the small footprint, low consumable costs and almost mainte-nance free equipment, the Region will keep this technology in mind when planning for future developments.

Martin Slepkov is with Hydroxyl Environmental.


Top graph shows H 2S levels (in ppm) in the upper vault without the Odorox system running. Bottom graph shows greatly reduced H 2S levels with the system running.

167 MA.15_Courtice WWTP-alt layout.indd 17 3/28/15 4:31 AM


Cover Story

It is not enough just to know that there is contamination in the sub-surface. The type of contamination and concentration must be specifi-

cally identified, as well as the exact ver-tical and lateral extent of the soil and/or groundwater that has been affected. The type of soil and the characteristics of the groundwater must be also determined.

These site characterization investiga-

tions are done using a variety of sample collection techniques with direct push drilling technology, or conventional drilling technologies. The main goals are to:• Protect and restore groundwater re-

sources.• Restore or rehabilitate the site for fu-

ture use.• Represent actual subsurface con-

ditions in order to provide data to develop a strategy to protect human health and the environment. Al-though some properties cannot be totally returned to pristine/untainted condition, they can be improved, so that any negative effect at the surface will either be minimized to accept-able levels or totally eliminated.

• Improve subsurface soil so that ground-water quality will not get worse, spread /migrate deeper, or move laterally off the property.Prior to conducting a site characteri-

zation investigation, the project manager must develop a full scope of work based on a full understanding of the project. Then, they must apply all applicable regulatory requirements, customer job specifications, applicable standard oper-ating procedures, and applicable health and safety preparation and procedures. This must be done before all field work is scheduled and the appropriate field personnel are selected.

The project manager and all field personnel need to understand the scope of work/job specifications and deter-mine the applicable health and safety requirements for the sampling activities. Other preparations include:• Appropriate personal protective equip-

ment must be selected and used by all people involved with drilling, sample collection, and handling.

• Appropriate sampling and quality assurance/quality control procedures must be determined and specified.

• Field documentation procedures must be determined and specified.

• Consistent field procedures must be established and maintained.

• Proper laboratory analysis and pres-ervation procedures must be deter-mined.Once the analytical laboratory’s re-

ports and all field notes are received by the project manager, a final report must be written. It is best to complete a report

continued overleaf...

Contaminated site investigation vital for groundwater protection By Thomas D. Dalzell

An AMS PowerProbe conducting a site characterization investigation.

Untitled-39 1 2014-03-17 10:49 AM190 MA.15_Subsurface Enviro Drilling.indd 18 3/28/15 4:32 AM

Untitled-39 1 2014-03-17 10:49 AM190 MA.15_Subsurface Enviro Drilling.indd 19 3/28/15 4:32 AM


after each major phase of investigation and remediation.

Soil samplingIn soil sampling, it is very important

to collect samples, from a specific depth, that represent the contamination that may have impacted the soil. Different soils require different techniques and sampler combinations/configurations. It is import-ant to select a configuration and technique which captures and retrieves the soil sam-ple with minimal disturbance.

Once a sample is brought to the surface, it is best to perform field ex-traction, extrusion and preservation. This ensures that when it arrives at the analytical laboratory, it will not be di-minished due to improper preparation, preservation or transport duration.

The scope of work must specify sample locations and depths, as well as the standard operating procedures for sampling, quality control and proper decontamination. Field work which involves soil sampling must be conducted with precise sampling pro-cedures, with a range of acceptable

variances that can be applied in actual sampling conditions and safety proce-dures. Any variance in field activities from the specified scope of work must not contradict the applicable regulato-ry requirements, customer job specifi-cations, standard operating procedures,

or health and safety preparation and procedures.

When the scope of work is devel-oped, it must also determine the ade-quate time to conduct all sampling ac-tivities in full compliance with all the

items mentioned earlier.If sufficient time is not allowed, then

field personnel may take time-saving shortcuts just to get the sampling fin-ished. Quality can suffer during hurried attempts to meet unreasonable time constraints. As well, sampling may be rushed, proper decontamination and use of the proper personal protective equip-ment can be omitted and field documen-tation may not be thorough.

If the exact sampling procedure is not specified, field personnel may not have the correct or right amount of supplies. By not having enough supplies, single-use items can get used repeatedly. This can lead to cross contamination between samples. Proper decontamination should never be ignored as it prevents cross contamination between sampling events and between soil borings. Also, it increases drilling and sampling efficiency and the life of the equipment used.

Besides proper sampling, field work must be accurately documented and samples properly labeled, prepared, pre-served and transported to the analytical laboratory in time.

Cover Story

The scope of work must specify sample locations

and depths, as well as the standard operating

procedures for sampling, quality control and proper

decontamination.

190 MA.15_Subsurface Enviro Drilling.indd 20 3/28/15 4:32 AM


Groundwater samplingPrior to installation of groundwater

monitoring wells, groundwater samples can be collected through a variety of direct push tooling. There are several types of retractable samplers available for use in the upper level of the ground-water table. There are also groundwater samplers for determining the condition of the groundwater, when a contaminant is possibly sinking within it. Temporary groundwater monitoring wells can be in-stalled if it is not possible or practical to sample through direct push tooling.

If it is known or anticipated that ground-water has been impacted by contaminants or if the groundwater has the potential to be impacted in the future by contaminants in the soil, it is important to implement a long-term monitoring program. To do this, small diameter pre-packed screen ground-water monitoring (direct push), or conven-tional wells can be installed.

Direct push wellsDirect push wells are approved and

accepted by many regulatory agencies. ASTM International has several meth-ods and procedures directly related to their use and installation. Sizes range from 12 mm to 50 mm inside diameter. The practical achievable depth is based on lithology and the desired well inside diameter size. Less than 27 metres is the average depth, although it is possible to install them to depths of over 35 metres.

Direct push wells can be secured ex-actly like conventional wells and devel-opment of the pre-packed section can be a simple surging. They can be used to calculate gradient magnitude and direc-tion and there is a variety of small diam-eter instruments that can accurately take depth measurements, measure useful parameters and collect samples.

Sometimes, for certain lithologies and depths, it is necessary to sample soil in order to achieve the target depth when installing direct push wells. It is very important that all sampling and in-stallation techniques are conducted in a way that does not negatively affect/im-pact the soil and groundwater.

Remedial investigations and remediation

Once a site has been properly charac-terized, a precise and strategic remedial

investigation can be conducted. For a complex lithology, above or below the groundwater table, it may be necessary to conduct a detailed and precise inves-tigation to collect data that an engineer can use to develop the remedial action plan. Depending on the contaminant type, subsurface lithology and applica-ble regulatory requirements, the plan can sometimes be developed based on the data collected during an initial site

characterization investigation. As part of a detailed remedial investigation, a pilot study is conducted to determine the radius of influence and the time that it will take to remediate a certain area.

A remedial action plan will include the appropriate course of action for the successful remediation of the site, com-pliance with all applicable regulatory requirements, the timeline for comple-

Cover Story

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Cover Story

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tion, verification and confirmation re-quirements for completion and cost-ef-fective design and implementation.

Pilot studies and remedial injections can be conducted with direct push. How-ever, not every site or subsurface contam-ination can be properly remediated with them. It is the experience of the remedial engineer, the characteristics of the sub-surface lithology, the requirements of the property owner, and all applicable reg-ulations, that should be taken into con-sideration to determine if remedial injec-tions are appropriate for the site.

Confirmation of successful remediation and site closure

After remedial activities have been completed, borings are conducted in the most contaminated locations, to verify that subsurface contaminants have been eliminated or reduced to the acceptable level specified in the remedial action plan. Soil and/or groundwater samples are collected from the borings and sub-mitted to a certified analytical laboratory. Laboratory results can confirm that reme-

diation was successfully completed, or if remedial activities need to be continued. Confirmation borings may be conducted quarterly or semi-annually if the time for cleanup is more than one year.

Once it has been adequately remedi-

ated, the property can be safely used for a wide variety of future activities.

Thomas D. Dalzell, CWD, is with AMS Samplers.


Successful remediation is confirmed by analyzing soil and groundwater samples.

• Air pollution control• Analytical laboratory• Confined space entry• Consulting engineering• Containment• Decontamination systems• Emergency response• Environmental auditing

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disposal & handlingequipment

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Spill Control Objectives: (land, water and air)• Deal with Time Critical Issues and Hierarchy of Event• Discharges >1,000 gallons per minute in all terrain• Laboratory size to train derailment, pipeline size spills, all-terrain• Selecting conditions, flow rates, wind conditions, recovery• Improvise Countermeasures to reduce cost & contamination• Boat & Boom Deployment in river, open water

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ES&E Mar2013_3_2012 13-03-27 8:10 PM Page 91

Spill Management Fl.Pg. Ad.indd 1190 MA.15_Subsurface Enviro Drilling.indd 22 3/28/15 4:32 AM

• Air pollution control• Analytical laboratory• Confined space entry• Consulting engineering• Containment• Decontamination systems• Emergency response• Environmental auditing

• Filters• Groundwater treatment• Hazardous waste treatment• Health & safety• Instrumentation & control• Legal services• Liners/geotextiles• Noise & vibration control

• Oil & water separation• Pumps, pipes, valves, fittings• Protection/safety equipment• Recycling• Residuals dewatering,

disposal & handlingequipment

• Site & soil remediation

• Software systems• Spill control & containment• Stormwater control• Tanks & storage• Transportation services• Water treatment• Wastewater treatment• Waste disposal

CANECT Exhibits ... Manufacturers, distributors, suppliers and companies from the following areas:

HoursApril 30

- 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

May 1- 8:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.

CANECTFLOORPLAN2013

HANDS-ON MODULESEmergency Preparedness• Meeting Federal (E2), Provincial, Regulations• Site Emergency Preparedness & Response Plans• Industry Specific Standards, ISO 14000, International

Cyanide Management Code, Aboriginal AgreementsWorking with Chemical Properties, Risks and Hazards• Hands on Chemical Testing & Evaluation of Chemicals,

Reagents, Process and Waste streams as well as MixedSpilled Substances

Container Handling• Best Management Practices, Why & When to Patch,

Over-pack or Transfer for transport, product recovery orwaste disposal

Spill Control Objectives: (land, water and air)• Deal with Time Critical Issues and Hierarchy of Event• Discharges >1,000 gallons per minute in all terrain• Laboratory size to train derailment, pipeline size spills, all-terrain• Selecting conditions, flow rates, wind conditions, recovery• Improvise Countermeasures to reduce cost & contamination• Boat & Boom Deployment in river, open water

• Hospitals • Military • Municipal & Water Treatment • Government Institutions• Emergency Services (Police, Fire, Ambulance) • Major & Light Industry

Training Focus: CEU Director Approved Level I to 5 Courses for Water and Waste Water facilities

Major Event AnalysisIn-field Testing, Evaluating & Verifying Chemical properties of Process Chemicals, Pure Substances, Laboratory Reagents and Mixed Loads.

Scale of Impact DeterminationWorking with on-site chemicals and reagents to reduce impacts, ‘determine the real’ risk to People, Property & Environment

On site training ... 75% HANDS-ON

‘Training You Remember ... Experience You Can Use’

Train Derailments • Pipeline Rupture • Mines • Hydro Generation • CBRNE

www.spillmanagement.ca | Ph: 905-578-9666

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ACROSS CANADASince 1989 - Best Service Dates

For Best Training Dates in 2015As Emergency & Disaster events become

chaotic… Improvisation becomes a virtue!Cliff Holland, Owner / Instructor brings 30 years of Haz-Mat Emergency Response, Site Remediation,

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ES&E Mar2013_3_2012 13-03-27 8:10 PM Page 91

Spill Management Fl.Pg. Ad.indd 1190 MA.15_Subsurface Enviro Drilling.indd 23 3/28/15 4:32 AM


Watermain Corrosion Control

In the United States prior to the 1950s, and in Canada prior to the 1970s, corrosion and corrosion con-trol in the water works industry was

not fully appreciated. As a result, infra-structure tended to be installed without any corrosion protection, even though it may have been warranted. Today, utili-ties have grown accustomed to protecting their infrastructure when necessary. Re-search and education have helped engi-neers and utilities to understand, evaluate and protect iron pipe and appurtenances from corrosive environments.

ResearchOne of the mandates of the Ductile

Iron Pipe Research Association (DIP-RA) has been to conduct research on the corrosion of ductile iron pipe. In Canada, DIPRA has assisted SaskWater at their test site in Riverhurst, Saskatch-ewan. It was commissioned in 2002 to evaluate ductile iron pipe in soils with high sulfate content.

Research is typically carried out at DIPRA test sites. Specimens in these test sites are four-to-five-foot sections of production pipe purchased from ductile iron pipe manufacturers. Pipe samples are capped on each end to ensure that the effects of corrosion are strictly external. Specimens are exhumed over time and shipped back to the DIPRA research laboratory in Birmingham, Alabama, for examination and data collection. During this evaluation, the pipe is cleaned, weighed and pit depths are measured.

Soil corrosivityMost soils are not corrosive to cast

or ductile iron pipe and appurtenances. Some cast iron pipes have lasted for over 300 years. One example is a pipeline com-missioned by France’s King Louis XIV to bring water to the Versailles fountains.

In North America, DIPRA awards commemorative plaques to utilities that have had at least 100 continuous years of service from their cast iron water pipes. There are presently at least 630 members of the “Cast Iron Pipe Century Club.”

There is also a Cast Iron Pipe Sesquicen-tury Club plaque that honours those util-ities that have attained at least 150 years of continuous service. There are pres-ently over 24 members of this club, in-cluding Montreal, Quebec City, Halifax, Nova Scotia and Port Hope, Ontario.

Soil testingIn order to help identify corrosive

soils, the 10-point soil evaluation sys-tem was developed in the mid 1960s. It analyzes resistivity, redox-potential, pH, sulfides and moisture. This system

assigns points to each parameter, based on a sliding scale, which are then to-taled. It was developed exclusively for cast and ductile iron pipe and was not intended for other materials.

A soil with a point total of 10 or more is considered aggressive to cast or ductile iron pipe. There are a number of soil environments known to be corrosive to iron pipe and appurtenances. Some of these include coal, cinders, mine wastes and landfills. When these environments are encountered, soil evaluations are not


Corrosion control of ductile iron pipe with polyethylene encasement By Normand De Agostinis

Figure1: Ductile iron pipe test site in Watsonville, California.

Figure 2: An 18-year bolt-test on the effectiveness of polyethylene encased ductile iron pipe. Conducted at the Everglades City, Florida test site.

Figure 3: Installing polyethylene encased ductile iron pipe at Lévis, Quebec.

Think it is no big deal when contracts are awarded to a foreign or “here today, gone tomorrow” supplier? You may get treated well. You could save money. So what if they’re non-compliant? Nobody’s enforcing the standards, right? But compliance isn’t about enforcement. It’s about liability. When something goes wrong, are you sure you won’t be liable?

.2.74W dna 1.74W sdradnats ASC ot uaeruB gnidleW naidanaC eht yb defiitrec si USMAll MSU welders are certified to CSA standards W59.1 and W59.2 Our work and products meet the most exacting requirements and the highest industry standards.

Work with MSU – our compliance is your assurance.

OUR COMPLIANCE IS YOUR ASSURANCE.

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Think it is no big deal when contracts are awarded to a foreign or “here today, gone tomorrow” supplier? You may get treated well. You could save money. So what if they’re non-compliant? Nobody’s enforcing the standards, right? But compliance isn’t about enforcement. It’s about liability. When something goes wrong, are you sure you won’t be liable?

.2.74W dna 1.74W sdradnats ASC ot uaeruB gnidleW naidanaC eht yb defiitrec si USMAll MSU welders are certified to CSA standards W59.1 and W59.2 Our work and products meet the most exacting requirements and the highest industry standards.

Work with MSU – our compliance is your assurance.

OUR COMPLIANCE IS YOUR ASSURANCE.

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necessary and infrastructure must auto-matically be protected.

Polyethylene encasement researchSince its original use in a research

study in 1951, polyethylene encasement protection has been the iron pipe indus-try’s first line of defense against corro-sion. It prevents pipe from being in direct contact with the corrosive environment. Although polyethylene encasement is not a watertight system, this does not dimin-ish its protective properties. Even though the moisture between the pipe and the polyethylene encasement contains oxy-

gen, research has shown it is eventually depleted, causing oxidation to stop.

This process leaves a uniform stag-nant environment around the pipe, which results in a protective environment. The weight of the soil surrounding the poly-ethylene encased pipe typically helps to prevent any significant replenishment of groundwater between the polyethylene encasement and the pipe. During instal-lation, care should be taken to ensure that the opportunity for groundwater to flow under the wrap is reduced.

In 1952, a bolt study on polyethylene encasement was started at the Everglades

City, Florida test site. It involved burying a section of a six-inch cast iron mechan-ical joint pipe. Polyethylene was used to protect the bolts of the mechanical joint, as well as a portion of the pipe. After 18 years of exposure, the pipe was exhumed and brought back to the laboratory for analysis. The bolts were corrosion free, as was the pipe under the polyethylene encasement (See Figure 2).

Published results have confirmed the effectiveness of polyethylene encasement as a corrosion control measure. Statistical data, obtained from DIPRA’s research on corrosion, indicates that, in soils consid-


C

M

Y

CM

MY

CY

CMY

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SEW-WaterGuide2013.pdf 1 10/9/2013 2:56:23 PM

ES_E Magazine September_October 2014.indd 1 04/09/2014 12:53:08 PM

Figure 4: Lafourche Parish, Louisiana. This pipe was installed in 1958 and inspected in 2013. Resistivity was 480 0hm-cm, pH was 6.9, redox was -30mV.



ered “non-corrosive” (less than 10 points), unprotected iron pipe would have a mean time-to-penetration of a 0.25-inch wall of over 370 years. In those same soils, the analysis indicates that properly in-stalled polyethylene encased pipe would have an infinite mean time-to-penetra-tion. With soils considered “corrosive” to iron pipe (more than 10 points), the mean time-to-penetration of ductile iron pipe protected with polyethylene encasement would be some 550 years.

InstallationPolyethylene encasement is easi-

ly installed in the field during pipeline construction. Most utilities and con-tractors prefer Method A of installation as outlined in the ANSI/AWWA C105/A21.5 Standard. This involves cutting a piece of polyethylene tube approxi-mately one foot longer than the pipe on each end and overlapping the joints. The polyethylene encasement tube diameter is slightly larger than the pipe diameter to allow for joints and appurtenances.

In order to minimize the initial mois-ture that can accumulate between the en-casement and the pipe, the excess is taken up along the barrel of the pipe and folded over the top. The fold can be held down using tape, string or tie wraps, which will leave a snug fit. Proper installation is a key to the success of any corrosion con-trol measure and this is also the case with polyethylene encasement.

Small rips or tears in the polyethylene

tube can be easily repaired with tape. If larger tears occur, they should be re-paired by cutting a piece of polyethylene and securing it over the tear. It is also a good practice to use a sling to move the pipe instead of a chain, to avoid damage to the polyethylene encasement.

Corrosive soils also affect valves, fittings, hydrant barrels and other ap-purtenances. It is important to protect these infrastructure components as well. When direct tapping is necessary, the preferred method is to wrap two or three layers of polyethylene tape around the pipe and to tap directly through the tape and polyethylene encasement. The cop-per service should also be encased with polyethylene for a minimum of three feet perpendicular from the pipe.

Polyethylene encasement investigations

In addition to research at its test sites, DIPRA has been investigating polyeth-ylene encased iron pipe installations in situ for over 50 years. This is typically done at the invitation of a utility that se-lects the area where the inspection will be conducted. Pipe is carefully exposed and a portion of the polyethylene encasement is removed and taken to the DIPRA lab-oratory for material properties analysis. The pipe is cleaned and then inspected for any corrosion pitting and/or graphiti-zation. A soil sample is also procured and tested for its corrosive properties.

The oldest known installation of

polyethylene encasement in an operat-ing system is in Lafourche Parish, Lou-isiana. In 2013, this installation attained 55 years of service and is still perform-ing very well (See Figure 4).

Moving forward with V-Bio Polyethylene encasement has been

helping utilities protect their iron pipe for over 55 years. This form of protec-tion is inexpensive and easily installed in the field. It yields to soil stresses, does not deteriorate underground and most importantly it is a passive corro-sion control measure. Once it is installed there is no need for further monitoring.

In 2013, DIPRA introduced V-Bio polyethylene encasement. This consists of three layers of co-extruded film that are fused into one. It features an inside sur-face infused with a biocide and a volatile corrosion inhibitor (VCI). The biocide will mitigate the potential influence of anaerobic bacteria through microbiologi-cally influenced corrosion. The VCI will control galvanic corrosion. It meets all re-quirements of ANSI/AWWA C105/A21.5 Standard for polyethylene encasement.

V-Bio is the next step in a proven and successful method of corrosion control, protecting against corrosion without consumption or degradation of either the biocide or the corrosion inhibitor.

Normand De Agostinis, P.Eng., is with the Ductile Iron Pipe Research Associa-

tion. Email: [email protected]


Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine26 | May 2013

Sustainable Ecosystems

Green infrastructure and sus-tainability goals are of in-creasing importance, andachieving them requires tech-

nical knowledge and training in variedfields. Integration of soil and trees intourban areas substantially improves sus-tainability and helps alleviate some of ourmost pressing ecological challenges.These include air and water quality, risingtemperatures, flooding and erosion fromdaily rainfall events.

The West Don Lands, in Toronto, On-tario, is a community that is people fo-cused, family friendly, environmentallysustainable and beautifully designed forliving. It has a Stage 1 LEED ND GOLDcertification under the pilot program es-tablished by the U.S. Green BuildingCouncil.

One notable sustainable component,utilized in the design of the area’s streets,is a soil retaining system called SilvaCells™. Typical urban trees in the citycore die after approximately seven years.However, Silva Cells help extend theirlife spans, thus promoting the growth ofmature street trees.

Although the City of Toronto had pre-viously used Silva Cells as part of astormwater management pilot program inThe Queensway, their use as part of site

Installation of Silva Cells in Mill Street.

Soil retaining system helps urban trees reach maturity By Eric Keshavarzi

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development is new. In fact, the West DonLands streets are the first in a Torontosubdivision to be designed with this sys-tem installed under parking lay-bys andsidewalks.

Mill Street was the first subdivisionstreet in Toronto to be designed to includethis soil retaining system. As the leadengineering consultant, R.V.AndersonAssociates coordinated all plans and spec-ifications with the landscape architect.

About Silva CellsSilva Cells are a plastic/fiberglass

structure of columns and beams that sup-port paving above un-compacted planting

soil. The structure has 92% void spaceand is a stable surface for the installationof vehicle loaded-pavements.

When properly installed, they canachieve an AASHTO H-20 load rating.Canadian Highway Bridge Design Codeloading can also be achieved through ap-propriate design. This is the required loadrating for structures such as undergroundvaults, covers and grates in areas of traf-fic including sidewalks and parking lots.The cell structure transfers the force to abase layer below the structure.

Soil within the cells remains at lowcompaction rates, thereby creating ideal

May2013_ES&E_5_2010 13-05-29 9:41 PM Page 26



Water Reuse

There is increasing concern regarding the sustainability of public water supplies for drinking, industry and agricul-

ture. Options for water reuse are avail-able, including reclaimed wastewater for the irrigation of green spaces and ag-ricultural crops, and for household use.

Harmony is a unique residential and commercial development project that was recently approved by Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development (ESRD) in Rocky View County, west of the City of Calgary. This master planned community will include a self-contained system that will treat residential wastewa-ter and collect it for irrigation within the development. Concerns were expressed by regulatory stakeholders regarding the protection of public health. Cyanobac-teria, indicator organisms, turbidity and chlorine residuals were also raised as is-sues of interest, given the design of the wastewater system and the novelty of the project.

The existing Guidelines for Munic-ipal Wastewater Irrigation in Alberta (2000) outline several requirements re-garding water quality, buffer zones and setbacks. These guidelines indicate that a 15 metre setback is required from all adjacent properties, unless permission is obtained from landowners. Also, a buffer zone of 60 – 100 metres is recommend-ed between occupied dwellings and irri-gated land. The guidelines also stipulate that wastewater irrigation may only take place on suitable agricultural land from May 1 to September 30, and only when wind speeds are less than 30 km/hr.

Health Canada has developed Ca-nadian Guidelines for Domestic Re-claimed Water for Use in Toilet and Urinal Flushing (2010) that are appli-cable to some domestic applications. However, some of the concerns raised by the regulatory stakeholders were not completely addressed by Health Can-ada’s guidelines, due to the potential differences in the exposures that people might receive.

Neither set of guidelines provided

the basis to adequately inform regu-lators, or the project team, regarding adverse health risks from the proposed reclaimed water irrigation. As a result, ESRD requested that a risk assessment be completed for this project.

Risk assessment is a tool that can be used to organize and analyze infor-mation to enlighten regulatory decision making and the development of risk management and monitoring programs.

Intrinsik Environmental Sciences Inc. was contracted to complete a screen-ing-level human health risk assessment of the proposed reclaimed water and its use for irrigation.

For the purposes of the risk assess-ment, it was assumed that people within the development could be exposed to the reclaimed water following irrigation through:1. Direct skin contact: People in the

vicinity of the golf course may come into contact with the reclaimed wa-ter through contact with aerosols or touching surfaces impacted by the water or aerosol (e.g., golf turf, land-scaping).

2. Inhalation: People in the vicinity of the golf course (e.g., on adjacent public or private property) may in-hale aerosols in the event of spray drift from the irrigation sites.

3. Incidental ingestion: Consideration was given to the possibility that peo-ple may either consume home-grown

garden produce that could be impact-ed by spray drift from the irrigation, or have hand-to-mouth behaviour following skin contact with impacted surfaces (e.g., small children). These assumptions may have re-

sulted in over-estimates of potential exposure, as some of these routes of exposure assume that there is no set-back or buffer between the irrigated land and adjacent properties. Also, it is assumed that no restrictions regarding irrigation times and conditions were in place (although several restrictions are required by the ESRD guidelines). The consideration of a zero metre setback for a wastewater irrigation project was unique to this project.

As Harmony’s wastewater treatment plant had not yet been constructed, in-formation available regarding the water quality at the plant, in the reclaimed water storage pond and what would be with-drawn from the storage pond and used for irrigation, was based primarily on perfor-mance estimates.

To evaluate potential risks associated with direct contact, inhalation and in-gestion, various criteria relating to agri-cultural uses or recreational water were identified from other jurisdictions and compared with the proposed reclaimed water quality.

Water quality criteria that were of relevance to the use of reclaimed waste-water or surface water to irrigate agri-cultural crops were considered for the purposes of evaluating the potential risks. To evaluate potential risk asso-ciated with direct skin contact and in-halation of aerosols, and exposures to cyanobacteria and related toxins, the proposed water quality was screened against “recreational” water criteria and water quality criteria of relevance to parklands and landscapes, as defined in the guidelines.

In general, the quality of the proposed Harmony reclaimed water met, or was su-perior to, the requirements of the regula-tory agencies for various uses including: • Direct ingestion via food crops.

Understanding the health risks with reclaimed wastewater By Karen A. Phillipps, Nino Devdariani and Claire McAuley

To evaluate potential risks, various

criteria relating to agricultural uses or

recreational water were identified from other

jurisdictions

185 MA.15_Reclaimed wastewater irrigation.indd 28 3/28/15 4:36 AM


Water Reuse

• Indirect ingestion or skin contact with recreational water (e.g., swim-ming, bathing in surface waters or impoundments).

• Indirect ingestion or skin contact that may arise as a result of wastewater irrigation on parklands, playgrounds, golf courses, landscaping, etc.

• Incidental inhalation associated with recreational or agricultural uses.A few parameters in the proposed

Harmony wastewater were found to slightly exceed relevant guidelines:• Proposed maximum E. coli levels af-

ter the treatment plant and post-stor-age disinfection were higher than the interim ESRD and Canadian Coun-cil of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) agricultural water quality guidelines. However, based on the information available, it is not clear if the ESRD/CCME value was in-tended for fecal coliform or E. coli, or both. Proposed E. coli levels met several other agricultural, landscap-

ing and recreational criteria.• Proposed turbidity of the reclaimed

water (at the treatment plant) was found to be greater than what is re-quired in the California Title 22 Re-quirements for tertiary water reuse. A recent critical review of the Cali-fornia regulations for recycled water completed by the National Water Re-search Institute (NWRI 2012) found that the turbidity requirements were in need of additional clarification.

The proposed turbidity at the treat-ment plant for the reclaimed water met the U.S. EPA water reuse guide-line for the irrigation of raw edible produce. Regular monitoring of the turbidity of the water in the storage pond prior to irrigation use was rec-ommended as a mitigation measure.

• Proposed residual chlorine after the second disinfection point, post-stor-age, was estimated to be lower than what is required by the U.S. EPA Guidelines for Water ReUse (2012)

for agricultural irrigation and land-scaping uses. These are >1.0 mg/l compared to the proposed limit of >0.5 mg/l. However, chlorine is of concern for aquatic organisms, and the CCME has devised a water qual-ity guideline for the protection of aquatic life of 0.5 mg/l for reactive chlorine species. There is potential for surface run-off

from irrigation to impact surface water quality in the area. Therefore, consider-ation of the potential impacts on aquatic life from a chlorine residual greater than 0.5 mg/l should be balanced with the in-terpretation of the U.S. EPA water reuse criterion of 1.0 mg/l or greater chlorine residual for protection of human health.

Intrinsik also recommended that the chlorine residual at the post-storage dis-infection point be adjusted, as needed, to maintain an adequate disinfection capac-ity (e.g., adjusted in relation to turbidity of storage pond water or other factors).


Dermal contact spray drift

Dermal contact

PLANTS

Ingestion of garden produce

Inhalation of spray drift

Spray drift

Figure 1: Conceptual model for screening level human health risk assessment.



The potential presence of cyanobac-teria and their toxins (e.g., microcystin) was raised as a concern by the regulato-ry stakeholders in relation to the waste-water storage pond. The only regulatory guidance for cyanobacterial toxins in water is for recreational waters such as swimming or bathing, or drinking water. No values were available for reclaimed water, wastewater, or agricultural irriga-tion water.

The presence of cyanobacteria or re-lated toxins in the system is not related to the performance of the wastewater treatment plant. Their potential forma-tion is related to a number of factors, including temperature, nutrient content of the storage water and dissolved ox-ygen concentration. A limited literature review was completed to identify the most relevant indicator organisms and trigger concentrations of relevance to the project.

For the Harmony project, potential formation of cyanobacteria is related to the proposed pre-irrigation storage pond rather than the treatment plant. A cya-nobacterial management program had

already been developed by Urban Sys-tems. Intrinsik also recommended that the growth of cyanobacteria in the pond be evaluated, once the wastewater plant and storage pond are in operation. Also, an understanding of the characteristics of the storage pond water should be gained through data analysis and review.

As no guidelines for the management of cyanobacteria appear to exist for ir-rigation water or reclaimed water, the existing Alberta and federal recreational water quality criteria were suggested as alternative values for comparison.

With respect to microbial indicator organisms, the literature review con-cluded that the micro-organisms pro-posed to be monitored at the treatment plant (fecal coliform, E. coli, and ther-motolerant coliforms) were generally consistent with other jurisdictions.

Evaluation of water in the post-treat-ment, outdoor storage pond was chal-lenging with respect to turbidity and residual chlorine. The available re-claimed water guidelines did not appear to involve pre-irrigation storage, only reclaimed water used immediately for

irrigation. Further, the water quality in the storage pond could be additional-ly impacted by factors such as precip-itation, run-off, organic matter from aquatic birds or aerial deposition. To help mitigate these variables, regular monitoring will be incorporated into the project design.

Alberta Environment and Sustain-able Resource Development issued a Wastewater Treatment Plant Approval for the Harmony development in Octo-ber 2014. It contains some provisions for reducing potential human exposure through the use of access restrictions and irrigation times. The findings and related recommendations of the Intrin-sik risk assessment contributed to the development of a monitoring plan and to the regulatory approval of the waste-water treatment plant.

Karen A. Phillipps, M.Sc, DABT, Nino Devdariani, M.Env.Sc., and Claire McAuley, M.Sc, M.Eng,, P.Eng., are

with Intrinsik Environmental Sciences Inc. Email: [email protected]

or [email protected]

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Industrial Wastewater

Stonyfield is a thriving yogurt business with a modern, sprawl-ing plant. What began in 1983, as a two-person operation on a

small farm, has grown over the last three decades to introduce many new products, including yogurt drinks, frozen yogurt and Greek yogurt.

To handle the increased demand for more products, Stonyfield upgraded its op-eration to include sophisticated dairy-pro-

cessing equipment. This allowed the com-pany to expand from selling just litres of plain yogurt to offering single-serve con-tainers in many flavors. Now, Stonyfield yogurt, made from all natural and certified organic ingredients, is sold in supermar-kets and natural food stores.

Plant engineers at Stonyfield work hard to reduce the water and energy used to make yogurt and reduce and re-cycle waste as much as possible. With

this mission in mind, the engineers re-viewed a number of different wastewa-ter treatment technologies, vendors and full-scale treatment systems. They were in the market for a wastewater solution that didn’t compromise their commit-ment to environmental practices.

The solutionStonyfield contracted ADI Systems

Inc. to design and build a wastewater treatment facility to meet newly mandat-ed effluent discharge limits. This system is designed to pre-treat equalized raw process wastewater with chemical ox-ygen demand, total suspended solids, and fat, oil, and grease (FOG) levels up to 5,000 mg/l, 550 mg/l, and 500 mg/l, respectively. It consists of two stages: a proprietary Type S low-rate anaerobic ADI-BVF® reactor, followed by an ADI-SBR aerobic polishing system. ADI Sys-tems also installed a simple, natural, and robust odour control system to purify off-gas from the equalization tanks.

This combination of unit processes readily treats the high-strength, high-sol-ids, high-FOG wastewater found at Stony-field’s Londonderry, New Hampshire plant. The wastewater treatment facility produces minimal waste sludge for dis-posal, as well as a substantial quantity of biogas which is recovered and used to heat the anaerobic reactor, thereby improving anaerobic treatment performance. It also minimizes the overall electrical energy needs for waste treatment.

The resultsThe wastewater treatment and

waste-to-energy system that was creat-ed for Stonyfield allows the company to meet, or exceed mandated effluent limits so that it can continue to produce without regulatory penalties. Stony-field keeps hundreds of organic farmers in business and supports over 100,000 acres of organic production.

For more information, visit www.adisystemsinc.com

or Email: [email protected]

Yogurt plant benefits from upgraded wastewater and EFW systems

The wastewater treatment system at Stonyfield’s yogurt plant. A tank cover is used to control odours.

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KG SERVICES_ND.14_Fl.Pg_TP.indd 1 11/26/14 9:52 PM186 MA.15_Yogurt Plant WWT.indd 32 3/28/15 4:37 AM

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KG SERVICES_ND.14_Fl.Pg_TP.indd 1 11/26/14 9:52 PM186 MA.15_Yogurt Plant WWT.indd 33 3/28/15 4:37 AM


Wastewater Treatment

Although Wanaka, New Zea-land might rightly be called a winter vacation destina-tion, it also boasts many

year-round activities, such as skydiving, hiking, fishing and camping. Among the convenient camping facilities nearby is Glendhu Bay Holiday Park, which offers more than 400 individual camp-sites, in addition to cabins and accom-modation at the lodge.

Lake Wanaka is a source of drink-ing water for the surrounding areas and there was a risk of contamination from the park’s old and failing wastewater systems. Even though each of the park’s bathroom and shower facilities had its own septic tank, the tanks were quite old, and many of them were too small to meet current levels of usage. During the peak summer season, several tanks would rou-tinely fail and effluent would overflow the trenches. Bad odours were common, as was the need for pump-outs.

By its very nature, the park experi-enced dramatic fluctuations in wastewa-ter flow, based on the number of season-al campers. A further challenge was that campgrounds, as a general rule, tend to generate higher-strength waste, because people who are camping use much less water for cooking, washing dishes, bathing and laundry than at home.

The Queenstown Lakes District Council sought an effective wastewater solution that could not only handle these unique design considerations, but also of-fer low whole-life costs. Innoflow Tech-nologies of Auckland, New Zealand, was ultimately awarded the $1,051,000 con-tract.

This project involved replacing all but one of the campground’s existing septic tanks, as well as linking the new interceptor tanks to an Orenco effluent sewer. It transports the liquid to a cen-tral wastewater treatment plant. These watertight interceptor tanks provide passive primary wastewater treatment by retaining solids, which are naturally digested. This reduces the effluent’s or-ganic strength prior to it being pumped

to the secondary treatment facility.There are now 15 new interceptor

tanks located throughout the park. Efflu-ent leaving these tanks is first pumped to one of two 55 m3 anoxic tanks, followed by a pre-treatment tank and a clarifier tank of the same size. It is then routed for secondary treatment, comprised of four, compact Orenco AdvanTex AX-Max units. For tertiary treatment, a fifth unit is used for polishing, followed by ultraviolet (UV) disinfection and land dispersal with subsurface pressurized distribution lines.

The AdvanTex AX-Max is a recircu-lating filter unit using an efficient, light-weight textile that is readily serviceable. It allows loading rates as high as 2000 l/day/m2. The textile has a large surface area, lots of void space, and a sizable water-holding capacity. Consequently, the unit can treat high-volume and high-ly variable commercial flows in a very compact space.

The system was installed in Novem-ber, 2011, and was started up the fol-lowing month, which is the beginning of summer “down under.” The project

was commissioned on time and has per-formed fully to expectations, despite be-ing brought near to full peak load very soon after the performance verification testing.

Peak season at the Holiday Park runs from December through February, with average daily flows during that time of 64.5 m3. Maximum daily flow is 152.83 m3.

Treatment requirements dictate an annual mean of no more than 20 mg/l carbonaceous biochemical oxygen de-mand (cBOD5), 20 mg/l total suspend-ed solids (TSS), 25 mg/l total nitrogen (TN), and 100 CFU/100ml E. coli. Per-formance data (as of December, 2014) lists actual mean treatment levels that are well below those limits, including cBOD5 at 8 mg/l, TSS at 6 mg/l, TN at 14 mg/l, and only 2 CFU/100ml E. coli.

Because the attached-growth tech-nology of AdvanTex provides a stable secondary treatment process, a full-time wastewater operator is not needed. In-stead, operations and maintenance are contracted to Innoflow, which conducts quarterly visits lasting about one day.

Preventing contamination of a vacation spot and water source By Geoff Salthouse and William Hensley

Glendhu Bay Holiday Park is situated on the shores of beautiful Lake Wanaka, New Zealand’s fourth-largest lake. Although the lake offers many recreational activities – such as boating, fishing, and swimming – it is also a source of drinking water.

168 MA.15_Prev.Vacation Contamination.indd 34 3/28/15 4:38 AM



If a problem should arise between maintenance visits, Innoflow would be alerted by the Orenco TCOMTM pan-el that was also installed. The panel has SCADA functionality that initiates an automatic call-out or email during alarms. In addition, it allows for remote access and control using a standard web

browser, as well as data logging with time- and date-stamping.

While enjoying the natural beauty of the area, Glendhu Bay’s many visi-tors appreciate the conveniences of the campground facilities without ever be-ing aware of the sophisticated wastewa-ter system that makes it all possible.

Geoff Salthouse, EIT, MS, and William Hensley are with Orenco. Email: [email protected],

[email protected]

AX-Max units produce high-quality effluent with substantial reduction of nu-trients, making them well-suited for any project with strict discharge limits. Whether installed above or below ground, they emit no odour or sound.

UV disinfection is used as part of tertiary treatment.

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Water Supply

AWWA C700-15 covers the various types and classes of cold-water displacement me-ters with metal alloy main

cases, in sizes 13-51 mm, and the mate-rials and workmanship employed in their fabrication. These meters are known as nutating-disc or oscillating-piston me-ters. They are positive in action, because the pistons and discs displace a fixed quantity of water for each nutation, or oscillation, when operated under positive pressure.

The purpose of this standard is to pro-

vide purchasers, manufacturers, and sup-pliers with the minimum requirements for cold-water meters–displacement type, metal alloy main case, including materials and design. Major revisions include:• The scope has changed from meters

with bronze main cases to those with metal alloy main cases.

• The foreword provides lead content criteria as stipulated by NSF and the Safe Drinking Water Act.

• New information about meters used for residential fire sprinkler applica-tions is included in the foreword.

• The definition of “manufacturer” has been changed to be more inclusive.

• The section on registers has been up-dated.

AWWA C701-15 provides the min-imum requirements for cold-water, tur-bine-type meters, including materials and design. This standard can be ref-erenced in specifications for purchas-ing and receiving and can be used for manufacturing this type of meter. Major revisions include:• Information is included on lead con-

tent criteria and recent legislation revising the definition of “lead free,” and subsequently the materials have been updated as well.

• New information about meters used for residential fire sprinkler applica-tions.

• The definition of “manufacturer” has been changed.

AWWA C702-15 covers various types and classes of cold water com-pound type meters in sizes 50-200 mm and the materials and workmanship used in their fabrication. Compound meters consist of a main line meter of the turbine type, for measuring high rates of flow, and a bypass meter for measuring low rates of flow.

The compound meter must have an

AWWA updates its cold water meter standards

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36-37 MA.15_AWWA Water Stndrds.indd 36 3/28/15 4:40 AM


Water Supply

automatic valve mechanism for divert-ing low rates of flow through the bypass meter. Major revisions include:• Class I compound meters have been

removed from the standard.• Information is included on lead con-

tent criteria and the new NSF/ASI Standard on drinking water system components.

• The definition of “manufacturer” has been changed.

• Stainless steel has been added as a material for several meter compo-nents.

• More details are included on elec-tronic display registers.

AWWA C703-15 covers the various types and classes of cold water fire ser-vice type meters in sizes 80-250 mm and the materials and workmanship used in their fabrication. A fire-service meter must consist of one of the following: • A mainline meter of the turbine type

(Class II), either Underwriters Lab-oratories listed or Factory Mutual Research approved; either a UL-list-

ed or an FM-approved fire-service strainer; a bypass meter of the appro-priate size for measuring low flow rates; and an automatic valve for di-verting flow rates other than fire de-mand through the bypass meter.

• A combination of a mainline meter of the turbine type (Class II), either UL listed or FM approved; and ei-ther a UL-listed or an FM-approved fire-service strainer.Major revisions to this edition in-

clude: • Type I devices, proportional fire-ser-

vice meters with check valve, are no

longer addressed in this standard.• Information is provided on lead con-

tent criteria and recent federal legis-lation revising the definition of “lead free” in the Safe Drinking Water Act.

• The definition of manufacturer has been changed.

• Materials have been updated in re-sponse to legislation revising the definition of “lead free” in the Safe Drinking Water Act.

• The section on registers has been updated to include requirements for electronic display registers.

AWWA C704-15 covers the various types and classes of propeller meters in sizes 50-1,800 mm for waterworks ap-plications. These meters register by re-cording the revolutions of a propeller set in motion by the force of flowing water striking the blades. This standard can be referenced for manufacturing, purchas-ing, and receiving propeller-type meters for waterworks applications.

For more information, visit www.awwa.org

Information is provided on lead content

criteria and recent federal legislation

revising the definition of “lead free”

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CSO Management

The Regional Municipality of Niagara (RMN), in conjunc-tion with R.V. Anderson As-sociates Limited (RVA), com-

pleted an eight-month, 23-site, combined sewer overflow (CSO) event monitoring study at CSO regulators along the region-al interceptor sewer in Welland, Ontario.

The purpose was to provide an estimat-ed volume of CSO being discharged to the interceptor sewer. These results would then assist with pollution control planning, capi-tal planning activities and to assist with the assessment of upgrades being considered for the Welland wastewater treatment plant.

Additionally, it was envisioned that the CSO event study information could be used to help calibrate a hydraulic model of the Welland trunk sanitary sewer, which the RMN was in the pro-cess of developing.

In preparing to commission the study, public works staff collected and compiled information for the trunk and local sanitary sewer systems. RMN was able to locate and provide a complete set of drawing records, that not only in-cluded engineering drawings, but also site-specific CSO regulator structure drawings. A “regulator” is defined as an engineered structure which provides re-lief or outlet for the local sanitary sewer collection system and trunk sewer once capacity is exceeded.

The Terms of Reference (TOR) for the study included a scope that was clearly defined upfront. Thus, firms answering the request for proposals all knew what could be anticipated in terms of the field program requirements and the criteria for data quality and final study reporting.

Additionally, the TOR provided fair warning to proponents as to the chal-lenges that would need to be overcome. It “leveled” the playing field so that all of the firms submitting had equal access to information and opportunities to ask and receive answers to questions about the assignment.

Project scopeWork included:

• Field reconnaissance to verify the monitoring sites.

• Development of site documents for each monitoring location.

• Supply, installation and maintenance of all flow and rainfall monitoring equipment.

• Create and maintain an accessible data site that could provide 24/7 data access and reporting of CSO events, 36-hours after an event was over.Conditions in the Terms of Refer-

ence included:• Use of a wireless telecommunica-

tions platform to manage raw data.

• 85% connectivity ratio/24 hours.• 80% of raw data must be usable.• Field issues resolved within 24 hours. • 12 hour event data verification posting.

Based on the scope of work defined by the TOR and the project objectives, proponents submitting proposals had the opportunity to quickly identify the necessary elements required for a field program and model their respective work plans around the deliverables.

Project deliverables In addition to typical project man-

agement reporting throughout the as-signment and individual CSO event re-ports for each site, RMN requested the following as part of the complete deliv-erables package:• Pre- and post-equipment installation

photos at each selected monitoring location.

• Sensor layout and installation sche-matics.

• Regulator photos.• Confirmation of regulator geometry.• A brief description of each regulator/

monitoring location, including hy-draulic conditions.

• Documented field work.All of the information was compiled

and included in site documents that were prepared for each monitoring location. The purpose of the site document was to

Niagara completes eight month combined sewer overflow study By John Spencer

Due to the flap gate and CSO outlet sewer proximity, the sensor was placed downstream to avoid turbulence.

Fluctuating river levels caused this CSO flap gate to re-main closed during a surcharge condition.

188 MA.15_CSO Monitoring-Niagara.indd 38 3/28/15 4:41 AM


• Keeping data analysis and reporting simple (i.e., managing the budget).To overcome these challenges RVA

utilized sensors that were capable of dis-tinguishing the direction of flow and in-stalled them in the regulator outlet sewers. To manage data, spreadsheets and graph-ics were used to compile and process data.

Implementing the right work planRVA’s work plan was based on the in-

formation that RMN provided in the TOR

and for the required deliverables. This is where RMN exceeded expectations with respect to the information that was made available. Without accurate and complete information provided in the TOR, specif-ically video and still imagery, develop-ment of a work plan without conducting a detailed field survey and reconnaissance would have been difficult. As it was, the work plan that was implemented, needed very little modification once monitoring sites were confirmed.

To develop and provide the delivera-bles, the work plan included these basic elements:• Development of a project health and

safety plan. • Preparation of a communications

plan to ensure that all stakeholders had access to key project staff.

• Field reconnaissance to confirm that the CSO outlet pipe at each prese-lected monitoring location would be suitable for the installation of a ve-locity/area sensor.

• Site assessments at each proposed sensor location to document condi-tions, including pipe diameter and condition, accessibility, structure geometry and photographic records, pre- and post-sensor installations and illustrations of the key site features. These documents would form the basis of a site document prepared for each CSO monitoring location and posted to the project website.

• Data collection and uploading of raw data, utilizing a data transfer tele-communications platform tied into a user friendly, 24/7 accessible project website.

• Use of hydro/hyetographs (graphic to illustrate event rainfall characteristics) to plot CSO event data in raw format to assess event duration, data quality and the calculation of event flows.

• Development and issuing of CSO event booklets to qualify and quanti-fy events as they occurred.

Delivering and managing the projectOnce the work plan was fully imple-

mented and the collection of data com-menced, reporting of CSO events began.

Flow and rainfall monitoring equip-ment was programmed to collect raw data at five-minute intervals and to send it to the project website at 12-hour pe-riods. To ensure that data quality met the project requirements, RVA reviewed equipment performance and data quality on a daily basis from a remote desktop work station. Daily reviews included accessing each site via the telecommu-nications link and project website, to as-sess raw data in either tabular or graphic formats. This provided a fast and accu-rate interpretation of the raw data and quickly identified where any equipment or sensor maintenance was required.

CSO Management

March 2013 | 55www.esemag.com

Wastewater

Baswood Corporation recentlyannounced the start of full-scale operations of itsBioViperTM biological pre-

treatment system at a Dr Pepper SnappleGroup (DPS) bottling plant in Houston,Texas. The company says its system sig-nificantly lowers the biochemical oxygendemand (BOD) in the bottling plant’s ef-fluent, while supporting DPS’s environ-mental sustainability goals.

With digestion rates of 75 to 90 per-cent, the system provides a reduction inthe plant’s organic loading, which allowsDPS to minimize its burden on the Cityof Houston’s wastewater treatment oper-ations.

According to Basswood, its proprietaryBioViper system requires 40 percent lessenergy to operate than traditional diges-tion systems and 25 percent less energythan other emerging technologies. In ad-dition to a smaller carbon footprint, thepretreatment system occupies a smallphysical footprint. The modular and scal-able system can expand if additional ca-pacity is required for the plant’s bottlingoperations.

BioViper is based on the firm’s Aero-bic/Anaerobic Integrated Media System,which maximizes biological treatment ef-ficiency by utilizing its Dry Cycle Aero-bic/Anaerobic Digestion technology. Aswastewater passes through distinct treat-ment zones within the system, sequentialtreatment results in accelerated digestionof organic wastes, virtually odor free.

The technology was developed andpatented by Paul Baskis, a microbiologistand inventor, who studied rivers and saw

Wastewater pretreatment system installed at Dr Pepper bottling plant

trustee of Conservation International, amember of the TEEB (The Economics ofEcosystems and Biodiversity) AdvisoryCouncil and a long-time advocate for sus-tainable technologies.

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how bacteria worked in different aerationenvironments. He then designed an ap-proach to wastewater treatment that repli-cated the efficient and effective processesthat occur in a natural environment.

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Battery voltage in equipment was also monitored so that battery power consumption could be optimized to lim-it changeouts. The capability to access data and battery voltage played a signif-icant role in optimizing and managing field maintenance man-hours and bat-tery replacement costs.

In some cases, especially where CSO monitoring sites were in close proximity to the Welland River, negative velocity measurements, along with positive level measurements, were sometimes recorded. A period of negative velocity recordings indicated that the river level may have ris-en as a result of a rainfall event. Or, On-tario Power Generation (OPG), who take Welland River water to replenish storage reservoirs for use during hydro genera-tion, did not require as much storage and river levels rose naturally. The change in river levels would cause backflow condi-tions in low lying CSO outlet sewers.

When this occurred, RVA was able to utilize precipitation data that was being collected in conjunction with CSO flow data, or the Niagara Peninsula Conserva-tion Authority’s stream flow monitoring

program database. RVA could then in-terpret and define the potential causes of negative velocity measurements as poor data, natural events, equal sewer and river levels, or low OPG storage requirements.

These types of data sources proved very useful when interpreting data during CSO events, especially for defining when the hydraulic grade line in the sewer overcame the river hydraulic grade line (or vice versa) and flow changed in either a positive or negative direction.

For CSO monitoring sites where this anomaly could occur, it was important to understand how the sewer and riv-er hydraulics impacted each other and CSO discharge volumes became im-portant. Using negative data points in flow monitoring is often unheard of and would be considered as poor data and useless. However, for the Niagara CSO study, negative data, which indicated a potential reverse flow condition, proved its worth and was considered important.

CSO events at each site were ana-lyzed, interpreted and reported in tab-ular and graphic formats. Data during rainfall events from each site was as-

sessed to determine rainfall storm re-turn, along with the beginning and end of the rainfall event. Raw flow data from the rainfall event period was assessed to determine when a CSO event occurred, the event time period and total duration.

To manage CSO reporting, event booklets were developed for each one and included the same summarized in-formation from each site. Information such as the site name, reporting event date, rainfall event summary, data quali-ty assessment, percentage of useful data recovered for analysis, a totalized CSO volume, the CSO duration and start/stop times was reported.

Event booklets were posted to the project website, with a link to the work-sheets that were used for developing summarized information. This provided a quick reference to project stakeholders to review only the data used for report-ing, rather than all five-minute raw data sets leading up to an event occurrence.

John Spencer, CET, is with R.V. Anderson Associates Limited. Email: [email protected]

CSO Management



Water Treatment

Small remote communities, uti-lizing surface water, face many regulatory issues as a result of high natural organic matter

(NOM) and other contaminants. NOM is a broad term used to describe organic compounds found in all surface waters and includes organic matter generated by domestic, industrial or agricultural sources. NOM can contain a wide range of materials and be highly variable de-pending upon the season. It primarily consists of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and other components form-ing a vast array of compounds.

Typically, NOM is characterized as the decay and leaching of organic mate-rials from plants, animals and micro-or-ganisms and the subsequent transport of these compounds into the water source. Compounds contributing to NOM may include micro-organisms, polysaccha-rides and amino acids from structural components of cell walls as well as lig-nin, tannins and fulvic acids. Tannins and fulvic acids contribute to the wa-ter’s colour whereas polysaccharides do not. Additionally, surface waters high in NOM also tend to be high in colour and pathogens such as E. coli, Coliform, Cryptosporidium and Giardia.

Organic carbon can represent up to 50% of NOM and can be in either par-ticulate or dissolved form. Total organ-ic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) can be used as an indica-tor of NOM in source water.

NOM is problematic, as it is the pri-mary precursor in the formation of dis-infection byproducts (DBP) in surface water systems. DBP of particular regu-latory concern include trihalomethanes

(THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs) and the possible formation of chloral hy-drate (CH). THMs are formed during the disinfection process when a chlorine containing disinfectant, combines with organic matter in the water. The four most common THMs are trichlorometh-ane (chloroform), dibromochlorometh-ane, dichlorobromomethane and tribro-momethane. Communities with drink-ing water high in these compounds, face

Newfoundland town chooses nanofiltration membranes to remove disinfection byproductsBy Dr. Lyle Henson and Brenda Beck

Each nanofiltration membrane module contains 72 individual membrane tubes.

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Water Treatment

heightened cancer risk and miscarriage rates. Additionally, long-term exposure has been found to cause liver, kidney and central nervous system problems.

Small communities must meet the challenges of treating surface waters with high levels of NOM and pathogens, while taking into consideration the special circumstances they face such as remote-ness, operator capabilities and limited budgets. The Town of Come by Chance, Newfoundland and Labrador, is a small remote community of 267 inhabitants lo-cated on the Avalon Peninsula. Its surface water source is Butcher’s Brook, which is high in NOM and other contaminants.

Historically, treatment involved hy-pochlorite chlorination which resulted in unusually high levels of DBP and subsequent “boil water” orders. In an effort to modernize and improve water quality, the Town began to investigate a number of treatment options.

Comparison of available technologiesWhen making the decision on which

treatment type to consider, factors such as equipment cost, operating costs, sys-tem ease of operation and operator re-

quirements/certification must be careful-ly evaluated. In order to fairly evaluate each system, many engineers are looking at a 20-year net present value life-cycle analysis. This avoids decisions being solely based on system capital cost.

Nanofiltration membranes (Fyne Process)

One option was the Fyne system, which has been used at small water treatment plants throughout Scotland for over 20 years. It is designed to pro-duce high quality filtered water from a raw water source with high colour levels due to the presence of NOM.

Fyne uses a tubular semi-permeable membrane, which clean filtered water passes through, while holding back most of the colour-producing dissolved or-ganic material. The nanofiltration (NF) membrane will also hold back pathogens (bacteria, protozoa and viruses).

Each membrane module fitted to the unit contains 72 individual membrane tubes. The membrane tubes are like 12 mm diameter pipes connected in a series flow path within each module, with the


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semi-permeable membrane coated on the inside of the membrane tube. There is therefore only one inlet and one outlet connection on each module for raw wa-ter. Each module also has a filtrate outlet from the top of the module shroud and shroud drain connection at the bottom of the shroud.

A nominal 12 mm diameter foam ball is fitted in one of the raw water connec-tions (foam ball catchers) on each mod-ule. During operation, flow reversal caus-es the foam ball to pass through all the tubes in the module before being caught in the foam ball catcher at the other end of the module, thus providing cleaning of the inside wall of the membrane tube.

When the unit is filtering, raw water is circulated at pressure by the recircu-lation pump, through the inside of the membrane tubes. A secondary feed pump is used to add raw water into the recirculation loop. Clean water passes through the membrane tube wall and is collected in the module shroud, from where it discharges to a collection tank.

The inside walls of the membrane tube slowly become coated with a fou-

lant layer and contaminants in the raw water build up inside the membrane tubes and recirculation loop. To clean the membrane surface and discharge concentrated raw water contained in the recirculation loop, the unit will pe-riodically and automatically undergo a “foam ball” clean. The system control-ler can automatically start and stop the unit based on a demand signal, usually from low and high level switches on a treated water storage tank.

A foam ball clean can also be con-ducted each time the unit starts, prior to filtered water being produced, and each time the unit stops. If the unit is stopped for a long period of time, a foam ball flush will be automatically done to avoid buildup of foulant on the mem-brane during idle time.

Occasional washing of the mem-brane with suitable cleaning agents is required. This membrane washing is normally a manual operation and will

Water Treatment

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Table 1 – Design specifications for Come by Chance.

DESIGN SUMMARY

Filtered Water Design Flow (m3/day) 257

Number of C10 Modules 56

Feed Temperature ˚C 0.5

Power Supply 575V, 3Ph, 60Hz

Installed Power HP Approx 12.5 HP

Power Demand under normal operating conditions Approx 7.7 kW



need to be done once every three to four months, or as otherwise needed to main-tain system capacity.

The system can also be provided with a sodium hypochlorite injection pump and limestone contactor. Sodium hypo-chlorite is injected into the filtrate prior to the limestone contactor, which assists in the precipitation of manganese within it. Filtrate then passes up through a bed of limestone before overflowing to the permeate storage tank.

System design and specificationsThe Town of Come by Chance opted

to install a tubular nanofiltration system at their facility. The Fyne system was designed with a maximum peak flow of 257 m3/day at an incoming water tem-perature of 0.5°C (see Table 1).

There are three different types of tubu-lar membranes typically used in drinking water applications with the Fyne system. Reviewing the raw water characteristics of Butcher’s Brook and weighing the economic and performance factors as-sociated with each membrane led to the selection of the CA202 membrane.

Reject water from the membrane

plant can usually be discharged into the original water source. Levels of sus-pended solids and biological oxygen de-mand are normally within surface water discharge limits. Foam ball reject water from the tubular configuration will rep-resent only a small and very brief surge in suspended solids.

The operating cost of the tubular membrane system is extremely low due to the fact that no chemicals are required during normal operation and it requires very little operator attention. So while the upfront capital cost for the system is

higher, if evaluated on a 20-year life cy-cle cost, the tubular membrane system becomes economically attractive.

The Fyne system installed at Come by Chance has been a success in regards to meeting or exceeding the Canadian Drinking Water Standards (CDWS). The unit has been successful in lowering raw water NOM levels. Subsequently, both THM and HAA levels have been lowered to the point that boil orders have been lift-ed and the facility is exceeding CDWS for all contaminants. The nanofilter has pro-vided an excellent barrier to pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. Recent re-sults show none have been detected.

Additionally, with the limestone con-tactor installed, the facility has been able to reduce manganese levels below the current established maximum con-centration level.

References available upon request.

Dr. Lyle Henson is with Membrane Specialists, Brenda Beck is with the Town of Come by Chance. Email:

[email protected], [email protected]

Water Treatment

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Come By Chance draws it water from Butcher’s Brook which is high in natural organic material.



Climate Change

Various investigators have presented analysis summa-ries of past Canadian cli-mate change trends based

on the weather station records available from Environment Canada. Their anal-yses have, by and large, been based on annual, or at best, calendar quarter mean temperature and precipitation data for various Canadian weather stations with long-term records. Some of these have been based on Environment Canada’s original weather station data, adjusted for data biases associated with temporal changes in station instrumentation and data recording protocols, and local sta-tion relocations.

This article summarizes Canadian climate change trends based on the same basic Environment Canada raw data, but at daily record data resolution, using data analysis approaches and climate change indicators. These address trends of sev-eral within-year weather variables such as, extremely cold and hot temperatures, non-calendar based and cumulative sea-sonal temperature budgets, and rain-pre-cipitation to temperature ratios during the growing season.

The periods of the analyzed station data records vary. The longest is Char-lottetown, Prince Edward Island, which is from 1873 to 2013. The shortest is Tuk-toyaktuk, Northwest Territories, which is from 1958 to 2009.

Data analysis approachAll annual files of daily data were

reviewed for missing data. Annual tem-perature files were excluded from fur-ther analysis if associated with more than a month of consecutive missing daily data. Otherwise, annual tempera-ture files with missing daily data were processed with estimates for missing daily data. Annual precipitation files were, by and large, excluded from fur-ther analysis if associated with a single day of missing data.

Annual files of daily data were fur-ther processed and used for various analyses of the temporal trends for the following climate change indicators:• Annual mean temperature – the typi-

cal climate change indicator reported by most investigators.

• Annual extreme temperatures, that is deep freezes and heat waves.

• Annual spring-and-summer, and au-tumn-and-winter, temperature bud-get averages, regardless of the typi-cal meteorologically defined equinox or calendar quarter periods for these seasons.

• Durations of the spring-and-summer, and autumn-and-winter, seasonal pe-riods.

• Annual mean total precipitation and snow – another typical climate change indicator reported by most investigators.

• Ratio of rain-precipitation to mean temperature during the growing sea-son, the widest period being April through September at southern Ca-nadian locations – and shorter for

A data analysis of Canada’s changing climateBy Kurt Hansen

Two-thirds of weather stations across Canada have experienced increasing total precipitation.

Early record warming Middle record cooling Recent record warming

173 MA.15_CDN Climate Change.indd 46 3/28/15 4:44 AM


Climate Change

stations located in the boreal forest region.

Temperature trendsData analyses show two consistent

trend patterns for all stations regarding mean annual temperatures: • Increasing temperatures from the

start to the end of the record. • An early record (ER) warming peri-

od, followed by a moderate middle record (MR) cooling period, thereaf-ter followed by another recent record (RR) warming period. Data analyses show a consistent pat-

tern regarding winter extreme tempera-tures at all of the stations. All extreme (below minus threshold temperatures) are on the decrease at rates from as low as 30 years for 1˚C increase in Alert, Nunavut, where extremes are less than -40˚C. The higher is about 130 years for 1˚C increase, such as in Swift Current, Saskatchewan, where extremes are less than -20˚C.

Summer extreme temperatures trend at relatively lower rate changes, on the

order of mostly more than 100 years for 1˚C change. Only two-thirds of the sta-tions show increasing trends for extreme max threshold temperatures above 20˚C to 25˚C.

This finding led to further detailed trend analyses of mean annual season-al temperature trends for the seasonal periods temperature budget averages. These annual climate change indica-tors are derived from cumulative daily mean temperatures, the spring-summer

cumulative value starting each year on the day when consecutive plus tempera-tures occur and ending on the day when the cumulative value reaches maximum. The autumn-winter cumulative (nega-tive) value is thereafter determined in the same manner and ends the next year when it reaches minimum. The trends of the seasonal periods durations are also analyzed.

Analysis of the ratios of the RR to continued overleaf...

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Figure 2 Figure 3

Figure 4 Figure 5

Figure 6 Figure 7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1873 1893 1913 1933 1953 1973 1993 2013

Periods of Daily Records (POR) Analyzed

ER warming MR cooling RR warming

Charlo8etown St. John's

Welland Calgary

SwiA Current Agassiz

Atlin

Ft. Good Hope

Ft. Smith Indian Bay

Lake Harbour Cape Dorset

White Sand Dam/South End Churchill

Tuktoyaktuk

Alert X for staQon relocaQon

-‐24 -‐19 -‐14

-‐9 -‐4 1 6

11

1873 1903 1933 1963 1993

Tem

pera

ture

(C)

Select StaQon Annual Temperature Trends

Autumn & Winter trend Annual trend Spring & Summer trend

Alert

Ft. Smith

Agassiz

Calgary

0 50

100 150 200 250 300

Year

s for

1C

Incr

ease

, ER

& R

R

Warming Trends during ER & RR Periods Red lines: Spring & Summer (SS) period

Green lines: Annual period

Blue lines: Autumn & Winter (AW) period ER: Early Record RR: Recent Record

ER

RR RR

RR -‐30 -‐20 -‐10

0 10 20 30

Year

s for

1 d

ay In

crea

se Trends of AW & SS Period DuraQons

Blue lines: Autumn & Winter (AW)

Red lines: Spring & Summer (SS)

-‐73

RR

ER

RR

ER



ER trend values (for annual mean tempera-tures based on homogenized data) shows that RR warming rates are larger than ER warm-ing rates at seven of the 10 stations with suf-ficiently long records to determine a valid ER warming rate. The ratios for the seven stations correspond to up to twice the RR warming rate relative to the ER warming rate.

Precipitation trendsTotal precipitation has increased at 10 of

the 15 stations at rates ranging from seven to 26 years for a 10 mm increase. Trend analy-ses by means of third power polynomial em-ulations show the same type of patterns as for temperature trends for eight of the 15 stations. That is, an ER period of decreasing precipita-tion followed by an MR period of increasing precipitation, and a final RR period of decreas-ing precipitation. Basically, there is no com-mon climate change pattern regarding annual total precipitation and snow.

Trends in rain precipitation relative to trends in temperature during the growing season were also analyzed for some of the stations, using co-inciding monthly rain and temperature data for each month of each year (homogenized data). The unit trend measure of 0.025 mm per degree day (Cday relative to 0˚C) represents 10% of the annual summer average pan/lake evapora-tion rate at the southern stations. Eight of the 13 stations show ER and RR period decreases, that is, less rain relative to the coinciding tempera-ture regime. Of interest is that the two prairie stations, Calgary and Swift Current, show in-creasing RR trends. Swift Current went from an ER decreasing trend to an RR increasing trend.

ConclusionsIncreasing temperature trends have oc-

curred at all of the 15 Canadian stations an-alyzed. Furthermore, these trends have been towards longer and warmer spring and sum-mer periods and towards shorter and warmer autumn and winter periods, the latter period being the main contributor to increasing annu-al mean temperatures.

Two-thirds of the stations have experienced increasing total precipitation. Yet, only one-third of the stations have experienced increas-ing rain to temperature ratios during the grow-ing season.

Kurt Hansen, M.Sc., P. Eng. is an environmental consultant assisting industry,

government and institutional clients. Email: [email protected]

Climate Change Figure 2 Figure 3

Figure 4 Figure 5

Figure 6 Figure 7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15

1873 1893 1913 1933 1953 1973 1993 2013




Welland Calgary


Atlin

Ft. Good Hope




Tuktoyaktuk


-‐24 -‐19 -‐14

-‐9 -‐4 1 6

11

1873 1903 1933 1963 1993

Tem

pera

ture

(C)



Alert

Ft. Smith

Agassiz

Calgary

0 50

100 150 200 250 300

Year

s for

1C

Incr

ease

, ER

& R

R




ER

RR RR

RR -‐30 -‐20 -‐10

0 10 20 30

Year

s for

1 d

ay In

crea




-‐73

RR

ER

RR

ER

Figure 2 Figure 3

Figure 4 Figure 5

Figure 6 Figure 7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15

1873 1893 1913 1933 1953 1973 1993 2013




Welland Calgary


Atlin

Ft. Good Hope




Tuktoyaktuk


-‐24 -‐19 -‐14

-‐9 -‐4 1 6

11

1873 1903 1933 1963 1993

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pera

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173 MA.15_CDN Climate Change.indd 49 4/1/15 7:12 PM



In spite of being a modest commu-nity of only 7,000 people, the City of Iqaluit has considerable stature as the capital city of Nunavut. It

regularly hosts prime ministers and the occasional world leader.

The City is embarking on its latest notable endeavour with the development of the largest wastewater treatment plant in Canada’s North. Larger northern cit-ies, like Yellowknife and Whitehorse, can boast larger wastewater facilities, but these are lagoon systems, which demand considerably less technology and atten-tion for their design, construction, and operation and maintenance. The feasibil-ity study associated with this project was awarded to Stantec in January 2015.

Wastewater management in Iqalu-it dates back to 1964, when a sanitary sewer outfall, consisting of five pipes, discharged raw sewage directly onto the

beaches of the community of Frobisher Bay, as it was called back then. Shore-line discharge of raw sewage was main-tained for 12 years until the construc-tion of several lift stations provided the

means to pump sewage to a macerator system at the head of Koojesse Inlet.

Concurrent with the construction of the macerator station in Frobisher Bay, a holding pond was built on the tidal

Designers facing many challenges with creating the largest WWTP in Canada’s North By Ken Johnson

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plain at the head of Koojesse Inlet. This facility operated successfully for several decades. However, several overflow and breaching events necessitated improve-ments to the earth structures and the pe-rimeter drainage to the facility.

The lagoon performed well as a pri-mary treatment facility, with a continu-ous discharge. Effluent quality from the lagoon system varied significantly over the course of the year because the only process at work in the winter months was sedimentation. Biodegradation en-hanced the process performance during the summer months.

In the early 1990s, the town complet-ed an engineering feasibility study on improving the primary treatment system. This included a rotating biological con-tactor, an extended aeration system and a sequencing batch reactor. These were evaluated against nine lagoon options, which included relocating the lagoon fa-cility to other areas on the perimeter of the community.

The highest rated scenario, after analysis and evaluation, was the con-struction of a new facility. This consist-

ed of a detention lagoon (primary treat-ment) and the construction of an outfall into the deeper water of Koojesse Inlet. Capital cost of this option was estimated to be $5.7 million (1994 dollars). How-ever, none of the options advanced be-yond the feasibility stage.

Regulatory pressure was placed on Iqaluit in the mid-1990s to have a sys-tem capable of producing secondary treatment effluent quality. One of the primary reasons for this was that sew-age discharge into Koojesse Inlet was subject to limited dispersion. This was

due to the action of 11 metre tides in the four kilometre long inlet. Several stud-ies have concluded that primary sewage discharge was having a considerable impact on organisms in the tidal flats, because of the limited dispersion.

The first attempt at secondary treat-ment for Iqaluit was a design-build contract that was awarded in 1998 to a contractor that selected a membrane bio-reactor (MBR) process. Unfortunately, the inexperience of the design builder in northern wastewater treatment became


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evident by mid-1990. Significant prob-lems began to arise, due to the placement of concrete within the aeration basins. Upon filling the basins, major leakage was observed, along with deflections in the walls due to insufficient structural strength. Remedial work was completed, and the basins were determined to be wa-terproof and structurally sound.

At this juncture, the design builder effectively abandoned the project. Iqa-luit subsequently became aware of addi-tional design and construction problems with the facility.

An evaluation of the uncommissioned sewage treatment plant was completed in 2002. This included an accounting of all the electrical, instrumentation, mechan-ical, structural and architectural equip-ment or features found within the plant. These were compared to the equipment and features presented in the design doc-uments. This accounting identified sig-nificant deficiencies in both the design and construction. Further remedial work was designed to abandon MBR technolo-gy and change to conventional wastewa-ter treatment.

Phase 1 of the remedial work in-volved building the primary treatment system which was completed in 2006. This work consisted of an auger screen, and a primary screen (Salsnes Filter) housed in an addition to the original building envelope.

Phase 2 of the project was to include design and construction of a secondary clarifier to match the hydraulic capacity of the aeration basins to be converted from the MBR process. Unfortunately, funding for the project was only suffi-cient for Phase 1. Nine years after com-pletion of Phase 1 in 2006, the project is once again proceeding.

Stantec is in a good position to assist the City of Iqaluit with the current fea-sibility study, and possibly the detailed design, with a project team that has been associated with Iqaluit’s wastewater treat-ment challenges for over 20 years. In 1994, the author was involved with the first engineering study to provide sec-ondary treatment in Iqaluit. In 2004, team member Glenn Prosko completed the as-sessment of the uncommissioned facility, as well as the engineering associated with

Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the remedial work.An important consideration for fa-

cility performance is the influence of septage, or trucked sewage, which still accounts for about 25% of the flow into the facility. The coarse and concentrat-ed nature of septage has the tendency to reduce the efficiency of preliminary and primary treatment (Salsnes Filter) processes, and increase the maintenance requirements of these systems. The ad-dition of a septage receiving process train, which removes sand, grit and grease, benefits the front end, as well as the overall facility performance.

As a capital city, Iqaluit is moving forward with the water and sanitation infrastructure that is appropriate to this status. The path to achieving secondary treatment in Iqaluit has encountered considerable “hiccups” over the past 20 years, but the “time is right” and the “team is right” for the work to proceed to a successful conclusion.

Ken Johnson is with Stantec Consulting in Edmonton.



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Stormwater

In Brackley, Prince Edward Island, most of its Active Living Trail, used for walking, running and biking, was easily constructed by

installing corrugated high-density poly-ethylene (HDPE) pipe in an existing drainage ditch, followed by backfill-ing and covering. The land previous-ly devoted to the ditch now conveys stormwater in an enclosed structure, increases the scenic appeal of the area and provides a new attraction that can be used by tourists and residents. The rural farming community of Brackley is located just north of Charlottetown and near a green belt area, which is to re-main mostly undeveloped.

The current goal is to finish the trail, which is still under construction. The larger vision, however, is to someday have the Brackley trail connect down-town Charlottetown in the south to the established Prince Edward Island Na-tional Park trail system along the north coast of the island. Large diameter cor-rugated HDPE pipe up to 600 mm will be used for all the sections that require in-filling of the ditch systems.

For the trail, corrugated HDPE pipe in 300, 375, 450 and 600 mm diameters was buried in depths ranging from 1.5 to 1.8 metres.

According to the Plastics Pipe Insti-tute (PPI), corrugated HDPE pipe used

in a ditch enclosure is usually shallow and can experience traffic loadings if installed at road crossings. Properly in-stalled HDPE corrugated pipe can with-

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Stormwater

diameters. If installed under pavement in colder climates, PPI recommends 60 cm of cover, or half the diameter of the pipe, whichever is greater.

The project was designed by Adam Clark, P.Eng., of the local Charlotte-town office of CBCL Consulting Engi-neers Ltd.

“This was a pretty typical job for us,” said Clark. “The motivation was to rid the community of the ditch and turn it into something usable and en-vironmentally sound. It’s a gravity fed system with catch basins along the way and discharges into a downstream wa-

tercourse. We sized it to be able to ac-commodate a 25-year storm event.

“To date there have been three phases to the work. The first phase didn’t re-quire a lot of pipe as the trail was con-structed outside the ditch limits. At the end of 2012, there was 3.7 km of pipe in the ground and the community of Brackley is looking at another 1.2 km, but the actual trail itself passes through other communities or will eventually, and that will be about another 10 km.”

Enclosing the ditch improves the safety and aesthetic value of the area, and the hy-draulic performance is a lot better than can be provided by an open ditch. Additionally, enclosure also helps to mitigate mosquito breeding that occurs in an open ditch.

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182 MA.15_Converting a Ditch.indd 55 3/28/15 4:46 AM


Water Quality

The word “toluene” comes from the town of Tolu, Co-lombia, where certain trees (“balsam of Tolu”) produce

a fragrant resin. In the 1840s, a chem-ist named Deville isolated a compound from the resin and named it toluol; it is now called toluene. About the same time, other chemists found the same natural chemical in pine resin and in various palm trees.

Today, toluene is one of the most widely produced chemicals in the world. It is mainly produced from petroleum and from coal via coke ovens. World estimates for toluene production range from 10 to 12 million tonnes (KEMI, Sweden, 2006) with China, India and others expected to increase their output. The U.S. produces 3 million tonnes an-nually, Canada 400,000 tonnes.

It is a principal component of gaso-line, at 5 - 15% by volume, and is im-portant for chemical synthesis, coatings, paint, explosives, pharmaceuticals, sol-

vents and hundreds of other source ma-terials.

Natural toluene sources have existed for millions of years, and are present near natural crude oil and coal deposits on land and in surface water, ground-water and seawater. Ongoing natural sources of toluene include volcanoes, forest fires, grassland and bush fires, vegetation and bacteria. These contribu-tions to the atmosphere are well docu-mented, but little known.

Industrial sources Industrial loadings of toluene and the

other benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xy-lene compounds (BTEX), which are the principal components of gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and other refined fuels, have been documented for decades. BTEXs are in-troduced into water via industrial efflu-ents and spills, and enter the atmosphere by evaporation.

As they are produced in refineries around the globe in large volumes as

components of gasoline and other fuels, loadings are substantial. Until the 1970s, virtually all environmental papers deal-ing with BTEX only considered the in-dustrial pollutant contributions. In the 1970s, scientists began to understand that, just as oil sands, tar sands and un-derwater seeps were potential sources of petroleum hydrocarbons, they were also adding tonnes of BTEX and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to water, soil and the atmosphere.

The volumes of petrochemicals in these ancient sources are vast. The amount of raw petroleum used to make gasoline and other products is estimated at 90 mil-lion barrels each day. It is not surprising that some of this material shows up in wa-ter, soil and the atmosphere.

Other sources of tolueneMany published papers discuss the

impact of deliberate, accidental or nat-ural burning. The European Centre


Toluene is a natural occurrence in water By Jim Bishop

Industrial loadings of toluene and the other benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylene compounds (BTEX), which are the principal components of gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and other refined fuels, have been documented for decades.

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Joint Research Commission (ECJRC, Denmark, 2003) concluded that, “the chemical substance toluene is formed naturally and emitted when some or-ganic material is exposed to pyrolysis or combustion temperatures (e.g., forest fires, volcanoes, and smoke).” Other pa-pers provide data that indicates toluene from plant life, and the burning of plant life comprises a significant portion of toluene emissions to the atmosphere.

There are two mechanisms by which toluene from plants can enter the atmo-sphere: direct evaporation of natural-ly-formed toluene and release of tolu-ene during burning.

A report funded by U.S. EPA and the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Ad-ministration demonstrated that isotope-la-belled 13CO2, taken up by plants through photosynthesis, was emitted as 13C tolu-ene. It concluded that, “initial toluene flux measurements from pine and alfalfa to the forested and cultivated areas of northern New England could be as much as 13% of total anthropogenic daily emission rates.” The total anthropogenic emission in northern New England is 39 Mg/day

(Mg: megagrams or tonnes); the daily toluene emission load from plants for this relatively small study area is five tonnes/day. This indicates that plant growth can produce significant quantities of natural toluene and has been doing so for eons.

Burning Forests, grassland, savannahs, farm

stubble, wood, yard waste, construction waste and land debris are burned around the globe. Burn products are known to in-clude toluene and other organic carbons.

A 2013 report showed emissions of toluene and other organic compounds as a result of biomass burning in Eastern Canada. The report stated, “an extensive set of airborne measurements have been

“Burning trees and grasses throw up six million tons of black soot.”

Water Quality

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made in boreal forest fire plumes over Canada,” and these data are in “very good agreement between emission es-timates derived from different aircraft studies by different groups …”

The authors compared the emission rates of toluene based on values from previously published reports. They con-cluded that the total toluene emission rate for biomass burning is 1.11 million tonnes per year.

Plants, dust, soot, vapour Large volumes of dust, soot and vapour

rise into the atmosphere around the plan-et. Each of these has been shown to con-tain some toluene all the time or at least sometimes. The book “The Secret Life of Dust”, H. Holmes (2001), provides data from highly regarded journals and institu-tions such as the Journal of Geophysical Research, Science, Nature, NASA, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Scientific American, regarding the input of toluene and other substances to our atmosphere.• “Between 1-3 billion tons of dust fly

up into the sky annually.” Toluene has been measured in dust.

• “Trees and other plants exhale a bil-lion tons of organic chemicals into the wind, perhaps one-third of which condenses into tiny sailing beads.” Toluene is a natural, major compo-nent of these organic chemicals.

• “Burning trees and grasses throw up six million tons of black soot.” As seen earlier, toluene is found in burn gases and soot.

• “Eight million tons of black soot are attributable … to the conflagration of fossil fuels - especially coal.” Tolu-ene is present in coal.Given the very large amounts of

soot, dust, and vegetative vapour, it is not surprising that toluene, one of the most frequently detected volatile organ-ic compounds in the atmosphere and the biosphere, is considered “ubiquitous.”

Burning tiresGlobally, hundreds of millions of

tires are discarded each year. They are generally stored in large numbers in landfills, which occasionally ignite. One of the largest tire fires in Ontario was in 1990; with 1,300 people evacuated from the black oily smoke as 14 million tires burned for 17 days.

Environmental significance of atmospheric toluene

Once toluene is in the atmosphere, some of it is degraded by various atmo-spheric processes. However, numerous studies show that toluene is regularly detected and measured in rain, snow, surface water, groundwater, drinking water and seawater.

Toluene in waterToluene is found in water as a result

of its natural production by geological processes over millions of years. These processes result from bacteria in water and sediments, plants on land and in water and atmospheric processes such as precipitation.

Toluene from ocean/sea water seepsA publication from the US Geolog-

ical Survey “Natural Seepage of Crude Oil into the Marine Environment” sums up the role of natural oil seeps. The amount of natural crude oil seepage is currently estimated to be 600,000 tonnes/year, with a range of uncertain-ty of 200,000 to 2,000,000 tonnes/year. Thus, natural oil seeps may be the single most important source of oil that enters the ocean, exceeding each of the various sources of crude oil that enters the ocean through its exploitation by humankind.”

Toluene in groundwaterToluene is found in water near geo-

logic formations below the Earth’s sur-face and is persistent in groundwater because it is resists anaerobic biodegra-dation. Groundwater sources of toluene are often found in limestone or shale-based rock formations and it is present in naturally occurring coal seams.

Toluene in drinking waterNumerous government agencies

have analyzed toluene and other organic chemicals in drinking water: • “In a study of more than 800 water

samples taken across Canada from 1985 to 1988, concentrations of tolu-ene in only six samples were greater than 0.5 µg/l.” Actual values ranged

Water Quality


Large volumes of dust, soot and

vapour rise into the atmosphere

around the planet. Each of these has been

shown to contain some toluene.



Water Quality

from 0.6 µg/l to 3.9 µg/l. • “Concentrations of toluene in Ca-

nadian drinking water supplies av-eraged 2.0 µg/l and ranged up to 27 µg/l at 30 water treatment plants across Canada in a survey conducted in 1979 (Otson et al., 1982).”

• “In another survey of water sup-plies at nine municipalities along the Great Lakes between 1982 and 1983 (Otson, 1987) the mean concentra-tions of toluene (detection limit of 0.1 µg/l) in raw water were 0.3 µg/l in the summer, 0.1 µg/l in the win-ter and 0.5 µg/l in the spring. Mean concentrations in treated water were <0.1, 0.3 and 0.7 µg/l in the summer, winter and spring, respectively.”

Ontario Ministry of Environment: Drinking Water Surveillance

Program Ontario’s Drinking Water Surveil-

lance Program (DWSP) started in 1986. It monitors the raw water, treated water and water in distribution systems and from taps in homes and businesses, for

more than 100 drinking water systems across Ontario. This represents 80% of the population served by municipal drinking water systems.

DWSP is one of the world’s largest ongoing analytical programs specifi-cally dedicated to drinking water qual-

ity, including both surface water and groundwater. DWSP samples are tested for about 100 parameters comprising in-organic anions, metals and organic com-pounds including toluene. The DWSP data confirms that toluene is detected in groundwater and surface water.

The MOE laboratory has a detection limit of 0.05 µg/l for toluene. Most of the toluene results in DWSP are below 0.05 µg/l, which is 50 parts per billion, a very low number.

While there are some municipalities that have no or few “hits” for toluene above 0.05 µg/l, most have some tolu-ene hits.

The DWSP database shows several hundred toluene hits above 0.05 µg/l; most are toluene concentrations from 0.1 to 0.95 µg/l. While these levels are of little human health concern, they in-dicate that toluene is somewhat com-mon in water.

MOE’s DWSP data shows over 60 samples with toluene values above 1.0 µg/l and as high as 13.1 µg/l, with a typical range from 1.0 to 10 µg/l.

The results for a number of munic-ipalities show that toluene is not only present, but is present frequently and on an ongoing basis. Toluene was detected in more than 30% of the DWSP samples taken at some municipalities, and numer-ous municipalities showed toluene “hits” in more than 10% of their samples.

Given the ubiquity of toluene and the fact that it is one of the most abun-dant materials produced by humankind, as well as by natural sources, it is not unexpected that toluene is detected and measured in Ontario’s waters.

When toluene is detected in ground-water or surface water, it makes sense to go back to the conclusion of Slaine and Barker (1990) that the presence of tolu-ene in a water sample “cannot be taken as definitive evidence of anthropogenic contamination.”

Jim Bishop has been involved with environmental and analytical chemistry

since 1966. He has worked at the Ontario Ministry of Environment,

Environmental Protection Laborato-ries, Beak Consulting and Stantec.

Mr. Bishop now has his own environ-mental consulting company .


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Workplace Safety

Canada recently adopted the Globally Harmonized Sys-tem of Classification and La-beling of Chemicals (GHS),

which has been integrated with WHMIS 2015 (Workplace Hazardous Material Information System).

The GHS is an internationally agreed upon system, developed by the United Nations in 1992, that provides univer-sal hazard definition and classification of chemical products worldwide. It was developed to provide a clear and stan-dardized communication about chem-icals. This information is all listed on Safety Data Sheets and includes:• Manufacturer • Composition • Hazard identification • First aid, fire fighting and accidental

release measures • Handling and storage information• Exposure controls • Stability and reactivity • Toxicological and ecological infor-

mation • Safe disposal • Transportation

• Regulatory information

Why did things change?The risk of accidental exposure to haz-

ardous chemicals due to varying, and of-ten confusing, labeling and classification requirements, which differ from region to region, has proven problematic and costly for governments to regulate and enforce, and difficult for companies involved in international trade and attempting to com-ply with many different systems.

The GHS benefits regulatory effi-ciency, facilitates trade, eases compli-ance, reduces costs, promotes consis-tent hazard information, encourages safe transport and handling, and enables emergency response best practices. It also reduces the need for animal testing and facilitates the improvement of over-all safety for employees working around hazardous chemicals.

Has WHMIS been replaced with GHS?

WHMIS has not been replaced. Quite simply WHMIS has absorbed and integrated the GHS and is now

called WHMIS 2015. Although it now includes the GHS, all the roles and re-sponsibilities of the existing WHMIS remain unchanged.

Under current WHMIS regulations, suppliers (manufacturers and distrib-utors) of hazardous products are still required to identify if they are hazard-ous, prepare the appropriate labels and safety data sheets. These must be sup-plied to the purchasers of these products if they are intended for workplace use. Employers will maintain their efforts to provide employees with the appropriate personal protection equipment, educa-tion and training they need to use these hazardous products safely. It is the em-ployee’s responsibility to:• Actively participate in WHMIS 2015

and related safety training programs. • Learn how to work safely around

hazardous products. • Learn how to understand workplace

labels and safety data sheets.• Protect themselves and others by us-

ing recommended personal protec-tive equipment.


What are the main things you need to know about WHMIS 2015? By John Stephens

Transition Phases

Phases Timing

Suppliers

EmployersManufacturers and Importers

Distributors

Phase 1From coming-into-force to May 31, 2017

Comply with CPR and/or HPR requirements


Consult FPT OSH regulator

Phase 2From June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018

Comply with HPR requirements



Phase 3From June 1, 2018 to November 30, 2018




Completion December 1, 2018Comply with HPR requirements



Table 1. Canada’s WHMIS 2015 dates and Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) and Hazardous Products Regulations (HPR) requirements.

193 MA.15_WHMIS 5 Things.indd 61 3/28/15 4:59 AM


Workplace Safety

• Identifying and controlling the haz-ards.

So what do I need to know?Whether you are a supplier, employ-

er or employee, you need to familiarize yourself with recent changes made to incorporate GHS into WHMIS 2015. The most important elements of the recent changes to WHMIS 2015 are Hazard Classes, Labels/Pictograms and Safety Data Sheets.• Hazard Classes: WHMIS 2015 has

adopted two types of hazard classes from the GHS: a) The Physical Haz-ard Class, which represents hazards relating to physical and chemical properties, such as flammability or compressed gases. b) The Health Hazard Class which represents haz-ards to health arising from exposure to a substance or mixture, such as acute toxicity or skin sensitization.

• GHS Labels and Pictograms: WH-MIS 2015 has adopted the labels and pictograms from GHS. The main reason for this is that it is much eas-ier for an employee to recognize a universal label and pictogram, and understand the chemical and its re-lated hazards if they are to properly handle, ship and use it.

• Safety Data Sheets: In Canada we are familiar with Material Safety Data Sheets in the workplace. Under the GHS amendments, these are called Safety Data Sheets and convey the same information as their predeces-sor. They are used to communicate the hazards of a product through pic-tures and statements that convey per-tinent information about the product.

How does this affect me?When the government initiates large-

scale amendments to workplace safety regulations, like integrating GHS into WHMIS 2015, the process is both dif-ficult and time-consuming. This is due primarily to the complexity of amal-gamating two sets of standards. Howev-er, the most ambitious and challenging aspect of this change will be the “tran-sition period.” Suppliers, employers and employees all have varying timelines of when they will be required to become GHS, rather WHMIS 2015, compliant.

Table 1 outlines Canada’s transition

phases of WHMIS 2015, which will give suppliers, employers and employ-ees time to adjust to the new system. Im-plementation of the WHMIS 2015 will take place over a three-stage transition period that is synchronized nationally across federal, provincial and territorial jurisdictions.

The compliance deadlines are bro-ken down by phase:• Phase 1: Suppliers (manufacturers,

importers and distributors) of haz-ardous products will be required to comply with the Controlled Prod-ucts Regulations and Hazardous Products Regulations and be WH-MIS 2015 compliant by May 31, 2017. However, proactive suppliers are encouraged to phase in WHMIS 2015 earlier, as our partner nations like the United States will already be shipping chemicals using the GHS labels and pictograms by June 1, 2015. During Phase 1 employers are encouraged to enter a consulting phase with Occupational Health and

Safety and other governing bodies to better understand their obligations and prepare an action plan for phase-in of WHMIS 2015 training for their employees.

• Phase 2: Between June 1, 2017 and May 31, 2018, all suppliers must be in full compliance with WHMIS 2015, the Controlled Products Regulations and Hazardous Products Regula-tions. Most importantly, it is during Phase 2 that all employers will also have to be in full compliance of WH-MIS 2015, the Controlled Products Regulations and Hazardous Products Regulations by no later than May 31, 2018. They must also have ini-tiated their action plan to ensure all new employees without an existing WHMIS certificate be trained on WHMIS 2015. Existing employees who currently have a valid WHMIS certificate are not required to receive WHMIS 2015 training until Phase 3 or no later than December 1, 2018.

• Phase 3: By no later than December 1, 2018, all suppliers, employers and employees must be in full compli-ance with WHMIS 2015, Controlled Products Regulations and Hazardous Products Regulations.

John Stephens is with Danatec Educational Services Ltd. Email:

[email protected]

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Still the leader. Indachem is proud to continue to provide Canada’s water and wastewater industry with PolyBlend® – the market leader in polymer makedown and feed systems.

Designed to overcome the weaknesses of conventional polymer wetting technologies, the PolyBlend system simply performs. Based on a keen understanding of polymer hydration chemistry, the system provides a fully hydrated, concentrated polymer solution without agglomerations and with only minimal mixing required for maximum polymer effectiveness. The result, less polymer consumption, better process performance, and lower operational cost – all with the smallest footprint in the industry.

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The most ambitious and challenging aspect

of this change will be the “transition period.”

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Better

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Still the leader. Indachem is proud to continue to provide Canada’s water and wastewater industry with PolyBlend® – the market leader in polymer makedown and feed systems.

Designed to overcome the weaknesses of conventional polymer wetting technologies, the PolyBlend system simply performs. Based on a keen understanding of polymer hydration chemistry, the system provides a fully hydrated, concentrated polymer solution without agglomerations and with only minimal mixing required for maximum polymer effectiveness. The result, less polymer consumption, better process performance, and lower operational cost – all with the smallest footprint in the industry.

With old technology being repackaged today, it is easy to be fooled.

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Occupational Health & Safety

Canadian Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) laws ex-ist at both the provincial and federal level. While most of

Canada’s workforce falls under the ju-risdiction of the province or territory in which they work, a small percentage falls under federal jurisdiction (CLC Part II). Each jurisdiction has a distinct OHS Act, and all but two have specific lone worker laws.

At the federal level, Bill C-45 amend-ments to the Canadian Criminal Code established new rules for attributing criminal liability to organizations for the acts of their representatives and to individuals that direct the work of oth-ers. Wanton or reckless disregard that results in injury or death could result in the organization, individual or both being charged with criminal negligence.

The first conviction of an organiza-tion for criminal negligence under Bill C-45 occurred in 2008. This decision and recent convictions serve as a strong reminder that failure to address OHS duties and section 217.1 of the Criminal Code can lead to “unlimited” fines for an organization, and fines and jail time for individuals.

Do employees work alone or at isolat-ed sites? Can they obtain assistance if in-jured or ill? Most jurisdictions obligate employers to ensure that they can. The

Alberta Environment employee mauled by a cougar, and the conviction of Garda Canada Security Corporation for failing to protect the safety of a female guard, raped in an attack at a remote worksite, are stark reminders of the inherent add-ed risk lone workers face, and why these provisions are necessary.

Although OHS regulations vary, most jurisdictions include specific provisions for employees who “work alone” or “in isolation.” While Nova Scotia and On-tario do not include specific lone worker legislation, they do obligate employers

to take “every reasonable precaution” for the protection of workers.

A lone worker is generally described as an individual working without close or direct supervision that does not have visual or audible contact with another who can provide or call for assistance in the event of an emergency, injury or ill-ness. The definition of an employer often includes the organization, its agents and representatives, and also may include in-dividuals not paid by the organization. In certain situations, prime contractors, con-tractors and suppliers also assume some

Protecting lone workers is vital for employers By Kim Layne

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workplace health and safety responsibili-ties at a worksite. The applicable legisla-tion should always be consulted.

OHS laws, lone worker legislation and Bill C-45 amendments to the Ca-nadian Criminal Code have important implications for all employers.

Not your job? Think again. This isn’t just the purview of safety managers. Everyone who directs how another indi-vidual does work or performs a task has a legal duty to take all reasonable steps to prevent bodily harm to that person. If you supervise the work of others, you need to understand your obligations un-der the law. Also, you should be aware of new tools that can help mitigate risk for employees at very remote worksites.

It was just such a worksite that prompted Dillon Consulting, in the spring of 2014, to adopt new technolo-gy to enhance an already well-defined health and safety system.

Safety transformation Dillon had been awarded a contract

to conduct environmental impact stud-

ies for a Northern Ontario power line, and management knew it was time to improve their safety culture.

Survey teams would be dispersed across 400 linear kilometres of North-ern Ontario wilderness, raising new safety concerns. Terrestrial lead and Project Health and Safety Coordina-tor, Dan Bourassa explained, “once off the highway it was all green-field. The worksite could only be accessed by he-licopter, logging road or trail.”

For much of the day, field biologists would be deep in the bush without any access to radio, cellular or landline communications. “If their UTV got stuck or broke down, or they were in-jured or ill, it could take hours to reach them. Or they might have to walk out several kilometres,” explained Bouras-sa. Furthermore, the worksite was in a region subject to rapid weather changes. Hazards, like lightning, could require that employees seek shelter or leave the area immediately.

Having used satellite phones and a client’s radio network in the past,

Bourassa knew the limitations of these technologies. In addition to frequent dropped calls, Bourassa found satel-lite phones costly and impractical for dispatching change or pullout orders to many individuals at once. While cli-ent-controlled radio networks provided limited coverage, the devices were not location-aware and offered no insight into the individual’s actual whereabouts.

After an extensive review of alterna-tives and a thorough trial, Dillon deter-mined that the DeLorme® inReach™ SE would best address their employee safety and duty of care concerns. Be-cause it provides complete global cover-age, employees could send and receive text messages or use the SOS button to send an emergency alert from anywhere. Unlike one-way devices, they would re-ceive confirmation that help was being dispatched and could exchange updates on the situation. Dillon supervisors could easily monitor their well-being via any web browser using the associat-ed Enterprise web-app.


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“We chose the inReach solution be-cause it enabled us to address check-in and SOS monitoring concerns for the project, along with industry best prac-tices for safety,” explained Bourassa. It will also help Dillon comply with the most rigorous lone worker laws in other jurisdictions.

Dillon equipped field biologists with inReach devices and in-vehicle pow-ered RAM mounts to charge them while traveling to the worksite. Because of the assessed risks, they implemented an “always on” safety protocol for the proj-ect. Personnel were instructed to leave the device on continuously when away from camp, and to use pre-set messages to check in three times daily.

The inReach device ensures that em-ployees can call for help in an emergen-cy. These alerts are continuously moni-tored by GEOS, a SOS monitoring and dispatch service.

“It’s like having eyes on the ground,” explained Bourassa. “With sat phones and radios I felt like we were working blind. Now, if someone forgets to check in, the Enterprise web app can see where they are, verify that they are going about their expected activities, and that there’s likely no cause for concern.”

In addition to safety, these tools are having positive operational impacts too. “Because inReach provides us with re-al-time information on the location of our teams, we can instantly dispatch resourc-es to where they are required. We can be

more responsive to the changing needs of our clients,” explained Bourassa.

Personnel use inReach to update man-

agement on weather related delays and coordinate their activities. “It isn’t un-common for UTVs to get stuck or break down deep in the bush. Now they can message the nearest field crew for assis-tance, minimizing delays to the project,” explained Bourassa. “We’re able to make more informed decisions, and operate more safely and efficiently than ever.”

Tech to the rescueAs Dillon’s experience indicates, a

reliable system of two-way communi-cation is often the best protection for both employers and employees. While this has been made easier by the spread of cellular networks, much of Canada’s geography remains off the grid. Fortu-nately, there are new affordable satellite devices that work anywhere and can

help safeguard employees and ensure compliance with lone worker laws.

Two-way satellite communicators like the DeLorme inReach can be used anywhere to send and receive text mes-sages, or send an SOS alert. The devic-es interoperate with several web-based monitoring portals, and can be used on their own or paired with a user’s smartphone for added messaging con-venience.

Satellite phones like the Iridium Ex-treme® are a good option where voice communication is required. Offering ubiquitous coverage and a programmable SOS button, they also interoperate with several web-based monitoring portals.

The Iridium GO!™ provides a global satellite connection for voice and data on smartphones and tablets and includes an SOS button. The instant Wi-Fi hotspot can be used to make calls or check email from a smartphone over the satellite network.

Back at the office, subscription-based web portals like GeoPro™ or inReach Enterprise, enable employers to more effectively monitor the well-being of field workers using those apps and devic-es, and to demonstrate compliance with applicable OHS law. Some also work in conjunction with the employer’s pre-ferred monitoring alternative, whether an internal dispatch center or a specialized third party call center.

Kim Layne is with Roadpost Inc. Email: [email protected]


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Site Remediation

In situ mixing involves mixing a binder (e.g., cement) into soil, sludge or sediment while the mate-rial remains in-place. This is done

for geotechnical and/or environmental applications.

One geotechnical application is the use of in situ mixing or “mass stabili-zation” on soft soil to increase its bear-ing capacity to support construction or infrastructure. An environmental ap-plication is the use of in situ mixing or “solidification/stabilization” (S/S) treat-ment. S/S treatment mixes binders or other reagents into contaminated soil, sediment or sludge to immobilize haz-ardous constituents.

There are a number of mixing meth-ods that can be used, depending on proj-ect site conditions, the properties of the soil, sediment, or sludge being treated, and equipment capabilities.

In applications where the soil, sedi-

ment, or sludge for S/S mixing will be less than 25 feet in depth, there are two primary methods, both of which utilize a tracked excavator base-machine. One technique uses a traditional excavator

bucket. Another technique mixes ma-terial using an excavator-mounted hor-izontal power mixer head.

Using a conventional excavator with continued overleaf...

In situ mixing comparison: Power mixer or excavator bucket mixing By Charles Wilk

Solidification/stabilization treatment immobilizes hazardous constituents in contaminated soil.

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165 MA.15_In Situ Mixing.indd 67 3/28/15 5:02 AM


a bucket requires a skilled operator but no specialty mixing equipment. It in-volves significant project time to com-plete mixing. Its applications are almost exclusively limited to mixing soft soil up to 20 feet deep. The area subject to treatment is usually gridded off into cells. For each cell, clean overburden is stripped away to create a shallow con-tainment excavation. The operator will

then typically apply binder pneumati-cally, or mechanically, on top of the area to be treated, and then use the excavator bucket to blend it with the material.

Advantages of this method include low cost and the ability to handle and manage removal of any significant debris or obstructions that may be en-countered. The excavator bucket mixing method may be used to blend sized-re-

duced demolition debris with treated soil. This often reduces the need for off-site demolition debris removal. Howev-er, it generally does not provide thor-ough mixing at all depths, and it should be limited to applications where the treatment criterion is primarily to pro-vide increased strength characteristics.

The second method used in these applications is the excavator-mount-ed horizontal power mixer. A power mixer, such as the ALLU PMX model, resembles a rototiller on a stem that is attached to an excavator boom. The attachment’s pair of rotating mixing drums is powered by the excavator’s onboard hydraulic system. These units can attach to any brand excavator that meets the attachment’s weight and hy-draulic-supply requirements.

The power mixer will typically in-clude a nozzle discharge between the pair of rotating mixing drums for injec-tion of slurried/grouted additives/bind-ers, or dry powder additives/binders, at the point of mixing. Controls are usual-ly installed in the excavator’s cab to pro-vide the operator with rotational speed/

Site Remediation

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The bucket mixing method for S/S treatment.

165 MA.15_In Situ Mixing.indd 68 2015-04-08 12:14 PM


torque and rotational direction control, operating temperature and other instru-mentation of the tool.

There are five key areas where the power mixer method provides a distinct advantage over the traditional excavator bucket mixing method.

Mixing energy and dosingEfficient use of additives and bind-

ers relies on accurate dosing and thor-ough and consistent mixing. Compared to mixing with an excavator’s bucket alone, a power mixer develops much higher mixing energy and shear. A pow-er mixer mixes materials through the rotation of its two horizontal mixing drums. The hydraulic motors in each of the two mixing drums can usually de-velop up to 9,000 lb-ft of torque to pro-vide maximum mixing capabilities.

The operator can control the rota-tional speed of the mixing drums on most attachments between 25 and 100 rpm. With a drum diameter of about 34 inches, the drum edge tip speed will vary from 2.5 to 10 mph. Within these parameters, the power mixer will create shearing force 360 degrees around the circumference of the drum and along the width of the mixing head. This shearing force breaks up consolidated material, which ensures intimate contact and con-sistent distribution of the additives and binders in the mixture.

Mixing with an excavator bucket alone relies on the operator’s ability to induce adequate “stroke” rate of the ex-cavator bucket. This creates a folding action, with limited shearing force and shearing area.

With a power mixer, additives and binders are introduced directly to the mixing point by a nozzle located be-tween the power mixer’s mixing drums. By controlling the amount or time and rate of injection in a given mixing area, the operator can tightly control the dos-ing. This results in the most efficient use of additives and binders. By contrast, excavator bucket mixing is generally per-formed by placing a charge of additive/binder on grade and attempting to drive the material down to the desired depths. Significant excavator bucket mixing time is required to avoid over-dosed, addi-tive-rich ribbons and under-dosed por-tions of soil within the mixing area.

Closer approximation to laboratory treatability and mix design

In situ soil mixing, or S/S treatment, is usually performed first at laboratory scale to develop a mix design. Labo-ratory mix design typically utilizes an electric KitchenAid®- or Hobart®-type mixer. These laboratory-scale mixers provide mixing energy and shear to quickly and thoroughly mix various trial recipes. High mixing energy and shear provide more consistent results, with

more intimate contact between subject material and additive/binder, compared to mixing by hand with a spoon and bowl.

This is why laboratory work often provides optimum mix designs for effi-cient use of additives and binders. Full-scale mixing by a power mixer more closely approximates the mixing energy and shear used at laboratory scale to re-produce results at full-scale.

Site Remediation

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Site Remediation

one_third_ad_v2.indd 1 05/02/15 1:14 PM

Contained disturbance of surfaceFor many in situ projects, disturbance

of the surface area is a concern. For ex-ample, the contractor will want to limit the release of volatile organic compounds (VOC) when treating VOC-contaminated sludge ponds. The contractor will also want to limit the release of polycylic ar-omatic hydrocarbons when treating coal tar-contaminated soil at former manufac-tured gas plant sites, and to prevent the disturbance of areas larger than neces-sary for geotechnical projects.

Power mixers are designed to be op-erated in a vertical orientation with an up-and-down stroke. Disturbance of the surface can be limited to the actual “face” area of the mixing head when first insert-ing the tool.

The injection of additives and bind-ers begins only after the mixing head ar-rives at the deepest desired depth, and injection and mixing continue as the mixing head is drawn to the surface. The operator can stop drum rotation and in-jection before “day-lighting” the mixing head. The use of a power mixer allows for discrete depths or strata treated with optimal additives and binders.

With the excavator bucket mixing method, the surface area disturbed will be greater than the horizontal area that is be-ing treated at depth. This is due to the need for sloping or “flaring” of excavations to drive the additives and binders from the surface to the treatment depth and to de-velop the “stroke” necessary for mixing.

More efficient use of additives and binders

In general, up to 50% of the cost of a mass stabilization or S/S project may be from the additives and binders. Produc-tion of the actual additives and binders and transport to the project site also have associated environmental impacts. The use of a power mixer will lead to lower overall project costs and better blending.

Many power mixer manufacturers offer pressure feeders that contain and pressurize dry powdered additives for delivery at depth and data acquisition systems that control the rate of additive/binder delivery and report on the feeding operation. Some even offer GPS-based systems that locate and track the posi-

tion of the mixing head in 3D. This pro-vides notice to the operator when mix-ing and additive delivery has reached the programmed time and amount.

There will always be a place for the excavator bucket method to mix and treat soil, sediment, or sludge for in situ mass stabilization, due to its easy availability and lower cost. The power mixer method leads to higher mixing energy and shear, more accurate dosing by controlled injec-tion at depth, full-scale mixing energies closer to those used at bench-scale, the ability to treat discrete depths or strata and the limiting of surface disturbances.

Charles Wilk is with ALLU Group. Email: [email protected]

Power mixers are designed to be operated in a vertical orientation with an up-and-down stroke.

165 MA.15_In Situ Mixing.indd 70 3/28/15 5:02 AM

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The Honey Monster Septage Receiving system, Model SRS-XE, is an all-in-one unit that allows the cleaner handling of septage truck waste by reducing and separating unwanted trash such as rocks, wipes, rags, clothing, plastics and other debris.Tel: 905-856-1414Web: www.acgtechnology.com

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The lightweight extendable rescue pole from Reach and Rescue is used to rescue workers from ponds, lagoons, tanks, clarifiers, etc. Interchangeable heads with hooks, grapplers and rescue rings help effect a quick and safe rescue.

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how

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The Proline 400 magnetic flow meter family introduces innovative technolo-gies to the municipal market. The built-in web server, “fast installa-tion” flange design (2”-14” L sensor) and Heartbeat Tech-nology, make the Proline 400 series flow meters the easiest to use and verify on the market.

Tel: 800-668-3199, 905-681-9292Fax: 905-681-9444E-mail: [email protected]: www.ca.endress.com/5L4C

Magnetic flow meters

Endress+Hauser Canada

Dissolved air flotation is used for water clarification in industrial plants, food, oil & gas, mining, pulp & paper, and munici-pal water and wastewater plants. DAF can remove most TSS, FOG, insoluble BOD. H2FLOW has units in stock, pilot units, complete treatment systems.

Tel: 888-575-8642Web: www.h2flow.com

Dissolved air flotation

H2FLOW Equipment

Huber Technology invented the RoK4 vertical confined space screen tech-nology to physi-cally screen out debris in confined spaces such as pump stations, wet wells, etc. Three diameters are avail-able with machine lengths as high as ~40’. Over 700 units have been installed worldwide.Tel: 704-990-2055 E-mail: [email protected]: www.Huberforum.net

Vertical screen technology

Huber Technology

Eliminate false alarms and monitor with Vision® using the Flow Siren battery powered, 3G wireless area-velocity flow monitor equipped with an infrared vision sensor. Rugged, sub-mersible, low power and affordable, this product will last for years in the field.

Tel: 514-354-2511, Fax: 514-354-6948E-mail: [email protected]: www.geneq.com

Flow monitor

Geneq

The patented Hexa-Cover® system can be used on all kinds of liquids. It is the ideal solution for eliminating: • Evaporation • Organic growth • Emission • Odour The unique design makes the elements interlock by wind pressure and ensure that the Hexa-Cover tiles mechanically constitute a coherent cover.

Tel: 519-469-8169, Fax: 519-469-8157E-mail: [email protected]: www.greatario.com

Greatario Engineered Storage Systems

Monitor flow through open channels, par-tially full sewer pipes and sur-charged pipes without a flume or weir, with the new MantaRay Portable Area-Velocity flow meter. It uses a submerged ultrasonic sensor which is hydrodynamically shaped and designed to shed deposits and stringers for reliable operation in sewage, stormwater and stream flow applications.

E-mail: [email protected]: www.greyline.com/mantaray.htm

Open channel flow meter

Greyline Instruments

The Series X Ret-ro-Grate is a hinged and lockable alumi-

num grating panel that is easily installed beneath existing access covers regardless of the original cover manufacture. The Retro-Grate provides additional protec-tion against fall-through accidents when the cover is left in the open position

Tel: 407-298-4470, 800-298-1027 Fax: 407-298-4534E-mail: [email protected]: www.hallidayproducts.com

Fall-through protection

Halliday Products

Try our NEWDigital InteractiveCatalog

The YSI ProDSS, with its titanium bodied Smart sensors, is revolutionizing spot sampling and profiling instrumen-tation. It measures: dissolved oxygen (optical); turbidity; total suspended solids; depth; GPS; pH; ORP/Redox; conductivity; specific conductance; salinity; total dissolved solids; seawater density; temperature.

Web: www.hoskin.ca

Hoskin Scientific

Digital sampling system

Hoskin Scientific

To calculate water flow, the Sommer RQ-30 Sensor is unique in that it uses dual radar sensors to measure water level and surface water velocity simul-taneously. Ideal for measurement of rivers, open channels and canals, with minimal infrastructure required.

Web: www.hoskin.ca

Discharge measurement



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MSU Mississauga Ltd. is excited to an-nounce the launch of its new website and e-catalogue.

Check out this useful and informative site at www.msumississauga.com

Tel: 800-268-5336, Fax: 888-220-2213E-mail: [email protected]: www.msumississauga.com

MSU Mississauga

New website and e-catalogue

MSU Mississauga

MSU MG Safety Hatches set the standard in Canada for fall-through protection. They withstand pedestrian and occasional traffic loads. With single, double and multi-door configurations in aluminum and stainless steel, they are made in Canada. Tel: 800-268-5336, Fax: 888-220-2213 E-mail: [email protected]: www.msumississauga.com

Safety hatches

Interpreter register

Master Meter’s Interpreter Regis-ter System, based on proven Dia-log® 3G technol-ogy, is a universal AMR upgrade that replaces the existing register

on almost any brand of meter in minutes, without service interruption. It delivers AMR technology without wires orconnections.Tel: 514-795-1535E-mail: [email protected]: www.mastermeter.com

Master Meter

Ultrasonic meter

Octave® offers the latest in ultrasonic metering technology and is an excellent alternative to mechanical compound, single-jet, and turbine meters with no moving parts. Octave excels at maintain-ing sustained accuracy for the life of the meter while providing smart AMRcapabilities.Tel: 514-795-1535E-mail: [email protected]: www.mastermeter.com

Master Meter

Odorox® atmospheric hydroxyl gen-erators are industry and field proven to safely neutralize the harshest indoor air pollutants and contamination in the air, on sur-faces and through any porous ma-terial, including hydrogen sulfide, free ammonia, and chloramines. Odorox is a reg-istered trademark of HGI Industries Inc., Boynton Beach, Florida.

Tel: 416-580-1244Web: www.hydroxylenvironmental.com

Eliminate odours, VOCs and bacteria

Hydroxyl Environmental

The WasteTech ProTechtor ® internally fed drum screen is available in North America exclu-sively through Kusters Water, a division of Kusters Zima Corporation. It is a reliable and effective way to screen influent headworks, and it is particularly effective preceding MBR systems. The slow rotational speed, low maintenance, low noise level and low energy consump-tion are significant advantages. Tel: 864-576-0660Web: www.kusterswater.com

Drum screen

Kusters Water

MONITARIO Technical Services

MONITARIO builds flumes. It designs, fabricates, installs and certifies accuracy and has for over 25 years. The CAD/CAM process has simplified the task. Installations are easier and faster with crucial dimensions maintained. Accuracy is guaranteed. Tel: 519-748-8024 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.monitario.com

Primary element flumes

Mueller Canada

With a 350psi working pres-sure, the Mueller A-2361 resilient wedge gate valve is ready for the in-creasing demands of tomorrow’s water systems. It features dual pur-pose lifting lugs, a T-head bolt reten-tion design and unique ‘pressure assist’ wedge geometry.

Tel: 705-719-9965E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.muellercanada.com

Wedge gate valve

OCWA provides a full range of water and wastewater services to municipali-ties, First Nation communities and insti-tutions across Ontario. Our certified team of experts has the skills and knowledge to support you at every stage of the asset life cycle. If your business is water, you need to know OCWA

Tel: 800-667-6292, Fax: 416-314-8300 E-mail:[email protected] Web: www.ocwa.com

Water and wastewater services

Ontario Clean Water Agency


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Grit removal system

Smith & Loveless

PISTA®Works™ is a packaged all in one headworks and grit removal scheme, offering a compact footprint and speedy/efficient installation. The system fea-tures a fully automated control system, an integrated screening system for solids retention, a PISTA® Grit Concentrator, a PISTA® TURBO™ Grit Washer and a PISTA® 360™ Grit Chamber.Tel: 913-888-5201, Fax: 913-888-2173E-mail: [email protected]: www.smithandloveless.com

Spill Management

Specialist training

PracticalHands-onProgressive Formats

Tel: 905-578-9666, Fax: 905-578-6644

E-mail: [email protected]: www.spillmanagement.ca

Pro Aqua

Dry polymer performance starts with effectively wetting each particle. How-

ever, metering polymer directly from a feeder into a “wetting bowl” fails to disperse it. The HydraMax pneumatic conveyance system by Velocity Dynamics Inc. thoroughly disperses polymers, prior to wet-ting, which minimizes

hydration time. It does so more effectively than any other blender on the market.

Tel: (905) 864-9311Web: www.proaquasales.com

Optimizing dry polymer performance

The Invent Hyperclassic® mixer uses a high efficiency hyperboloid-shaped mixer body near the bot-tom of the tank, with a dry location, top mounted drive. Low energy, highly effective mixing of floc tanks, an-oxic zones, storage tanks, etc. Thousands of these highly efficient mixers have been installed worldwide.

Tel: (905) 864-9311Web: www.proaquasales.com

Pro Aqua

Mixing and aeration systems

ProMinent’s DulcoBlend liquid polymer prep system is a three-cham-ber design that comes in with unique features for startup, auto, manual and shut down flush set-tings to provide safety and ease of use. Its combination of power and friendliness is something only ProMinent can provide.Tel: 888-709-9933E-mail: [email protected]: www.prominent.ca

Polymer prep system

ProMinent Fluid Controls

The Horiba LAQUAtwin compact meters for pH, conductivity, sodium, potassium, nitrate, calcium and salt, test re-liably and accu-rately with only a single drop to the sensor. Effective testing of these seven parameters brings a new dimension to your water quality testing.

Tel: 800-560-4402, Fax: 877-820-9667E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.ospreyscientific.com

Compact meter

Osprey Scientific

ProMinent is excited to unveil its first online offerings for Canadian customers at www.prominent.menu. The new land-ing page of-fers a quick selection of products and services. Visit it today to learn more about making your chemical feed risk-free.

Tel: 888-709-9933E-mail: [email protected]: www.prominent.ca

New website

ProMinent Fluid Controls

CREDIBLE. INDEPENDENT. IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST.

We’re looking for pipeline safety, and air and water quality experts to provide paid assistance to local governments and communities in the US and Canada. More information is available and submissions are accepted through our website:

http://pstrust.org/rfq

RFQ OPPORTUNITY

Solinst

The Solinst TLC Meter is excellent for profiling temperature and conductivity in wells. Water level and depth of readings are read off Solinst PVDF flat tape, which is precisely laser-marked each millimetre or every 1/100 ft, up to 300 m (1000 ft).

Tel: 905-873-2255, 800-661-2023Fax: 905-873-1992, 800-561-9081E-mail: [email protected]: www.solinst.com

Measuring temperature, level and conductivity



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The Waterra Clear PVC EcoBailer and Weighted Polyethylene EcoBailer are both eco-friendly products. A better weight distribution allows these bailers to sink straighter and the efficient valve design makes them the fastest sinking bailers available.

Tel: 905-238-5242, Fax: 905-238-5704E-mail: [email protected]: www.waterra.com

PVC or polyethylene bailers

Waterra PumpsUSF Fabrication

Engineered metal doors

USF Fabrication, Inc. manufacture a complete line of engineered metal doors for underground utility access. They have been ‘fabricating solutions since 1916’ with over 160,000 sq ft of man-ufacturing space. This allows them to offer the best lead times in the indus-try. Their friendly and knowledgeable staff is committed to providing cus-tomers with the right product for their application and shipping it when they need it.Tel: 604-552-7900, Fax: 604-552-7901E-mail: [email protected]

TEAM-1 Academy

TEAM-1 Academy Inc. is North America’s leader in HazMat, Confined Space and Working at Heights Training which can be facilitated at your location or one of our centers. We conduct training for many enforcement agencies, and for industry and construction. Tel: 905-827-0007Fax: 905-827-0049E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.team1academy.com

Safety training

The LeveLine-ECO from AQUAREADT is a water level and temperature recording device that has been specifically designed for long-term water level logging. Designed to be deployed and left unattended in the field for long periods of time, the stainless steel LeveLine-ECO is the cost-effective way to get into water level logging.


Water level and temperature logger

Waterra Pumps

Consisting of TE-BXPP bi-axial geogrid, heat bonded to a non-woven needle punched geotextile, TE-BXC30 reinforces and maintains the drainage capability of soil sub-base. With separation and fil-tration properties, TE-BXC30 is ideal for combined stabilization/reinforcement of saturated soils susceptible to piping. Tel: 866-327-1957, Fax:204-878-3980E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.titanenviro.ca

Geogrid Composite

Titan Environmental Containment

The AP-2000 porta-ble multi parameter probe is now avail-able as a package. Equipped with the five standard pa-rameters (Optical DO, EC, pH, ORP & temperature), the AP-2000 also has an ion selective electrode socket and an optical sensors electrode socket for a wide range of addi-tional electrodes. The AP-2000 package includes the GPS Aquameter, 3m cable, rugged case and accessories.


Multi parameter probe

Waterra Pumps

TEAM-1 Academy is the North American gold standard for safely working at heights. Instruc-tion can be at one of our training centers or at your site.

Tel: 905-827-0007 ext. 22Fax: 905-827-0049 E-mail: [email protected]: www.team1academy.com

Working at Heights Training

TEAM-1 Academy

Waterra Pumps

The portable, electrically operated Hydro-lift has been one of the most pop-ular mechanical actuators for the Waterra Inertial Pump, and we’ve been working to make it better. Today, the im-proved Hydrolift is more durable and easier to use

and, most importantly, more affordable than ever.


New and improved Hydrolift

Waterloo Biofilter

Trickling filters

Waterloo Biofilters® are efficient, modular trickling filters for residential and communal sewage wastewaters, and landfill leachate. Patented, lightweight, synthetic filter media optimize physical properties for microbial attachment and water retention. The self-contained modular design for communal use is now available in 20,000L/d and 40,000L/d ISO shipping container units - ready to plug in on-site. Tel: 519-856-0757, Fax: 519-856-0759E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.waterloo-biofilter.com


OFFICIAL SHOW GUIDE

Scheduled Session Topics

DAY 1: April 271A Environmental Regulation and Compliance, 20151B Brownfields Regulation & Compliance

DAY 2: April 282A Air, Noise, Odour and GHG Regulation & Compliance2B Spills & Environmental Emergencies

DAY 3: April 293A Water and Wastewater Compliance & Due Diligence3B Waste: Management, Diversion & Stewardship

Co-organized by Environmental Science & Engi-neering Magazine, CANECT is the largest event of its kind in Canada, typically attracting up to 2,000 tradeshow visitors and conference delegates. Con-

ference delegates and tradeshow visitors are a high quality audience of senior people responsible for environmental engi-neering, regulations and compliance issues.

CANECT 2015 will be co-located in Ontario with Partners in Prevention, an annual tradeshow organized by Workplace Safety & Prevention Services.

Combined, CANECT and Partners in Prevention Trade-show are expected to attract some 350 exhibiting compa-nies and 7,000 tradeshow visitors. Tradeshow badges from either show will allow admission to both shows at no extra charge. To register for free tradeshow registration, please visit www.envirogate.ca, or fill out and fax in the FREE PASS that came with this copy of ES&E magazine.

If you would like to receive a printed CANECT conference program contact: Darlann PassfieldTel: 905-727-4666 (Ext 30) or Toll Free: 1-888-254-8769 Email: [email protected]

Conference details are also available at

www.envirogate.ca

76 | March/April 2015 Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine

APRIL 27-29, 2015 International Centre, 6900 Airport Road, Mississauga, ON

23rd ANNUAL

CANECT 2015CANECT 2015CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE & TRADESHOW

ESE_MA.15_CANECT ShowGuide.indd 76 3/28/15 5:05 AM

www.esemag.com March/April 2015 | 77

BREAKFAST KEYNOTE Tuesday, April 28

Colonel Chris HadfieldFirst Canadian Commander of the

International Space Station

“The sky is not the limit”

Partners in Prevention

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

BREAKFAST KEYNOTE Wednesday, April 29Dr. Joe MacInnis

Renowned Explorer“Leadership Lessons from the

7-Mile Dive into the Mariana Trench”

LUNCH KEYNOTE Wednesday, April 29Michael LandsbergHost of TSN’s Off the Record

“Darkness and Hope: Depression, Sports, and Me”

PROGRAM - Day 1, April 27



1A Environmental Regulation and Compliance, 2015

This course - now in its 23rd year - continues to be the #1 choice - both for seasoned professionals who seek to refresh their knowledge and obtain proof of due diligence - as well as those who are new to environmental responsibilities

and who seek a practical overview of key legislation. New regulations and landmark case law mean that the course content is constantly being refreshed. It reflects changing conditions in a way that is always relevant to your needs and sensitively directed to support expanding awareness and environmental due diligence throughout your organization. Over the past year, significant changes make it more important than ever for you and your team to be up-to-date.

1B Brownfields Regulation & Compliance

Now in its 23th year, this annual CANECT ‘Brownfields’ clinic, is led by leading environmental lawyer, Janet Bobechko. It has become the ‘go to’ source for all engineers, consultants, municipalities, lawyers, planners, site-owners, investors,

insurers, developers and MOE staff who need to gain practical insights into how the new rules governing soil management are playing out in practice.

2A Air, Noise, Odour and GHG Regulation & Compliance

Now in its 16th year, this popular bi-annual course delivers Canada’s most authoritative guide to complying with federal, provincial and municipal rules governing air, noise, odour and GHG emissions. Learn how industry and

government are successfully applying ‘best practices’ to deal with air emissions and air- odour- and noise-related nuisance issues. Obtain the practical tools and information you need to maintain compliance with the latest developments. Learn the latest on the Ontario government’s new Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategy and more...

2B Spills & Environmental Emergencies

Recent tragedies such as Lac Mégantic, have sparked a slew of new rules aimed at preventing environmental emergencies - particularly those involving transportation, pipelines and oil: New E2 Regulations further expand mandatory

requirements for contingency planning. New TDG regulations impose new rules governing crude oil shipments and disclosure to municipalities. New TDG amendments expand requirements for approved Emergency Response Assistance Plans (ERAPs). Meanwhile provincial bodies such as the MOECC’s Spills Action Centre continue to be the go-to resource for reporting and responding to spills.

3A Water and Wastewater Compliance & Due Diligence

New federal Fisheries Act regulations are imposing new rules for authorizations and the protection of fish habitats, new penalties, new duties to consult, and new rules governing the prosecution and defence of water pollution charges. As these

changes are beginning to take effect, there is increased evidence that reduced authorization requirements have left many projects in a very liable position when a federal body conducts a site visit.

3B Waste: Management, Diversion & Stewardship

Of the approximately 12 million tonnes of waste generated in Ontario every year, only 25 per cent is being diverted. Ontario’s IC&I (Industrial, Commercial & Institutional) sectors, which are collectively generating 60 per cent of the province’s wastes,

are recycling only 13 per cent. That is about to change.The Ontario government recently signalled that it is about to re-introduce the new Waste Reduction Act which died on the Order Paper prior to the 2014 election. Under the new legislation, waste generators are to be made individually responsible and environmentally accountable for diverting designated wastes from landfill.


• Air pollution control • Analytical laboratory • Confined space entry• Consulting engineering • Containment • Decontamination systems • Emergency response • Environmental auditing

• Filters • Groundwater treatment • Hazardous waste treatment• Health & safety • Instrumentation & control • Legal services • Liners/geotextiles • Noise & vibration control

• Oil & water separation • Pumps, pipes, valves, fittings • Protection/safety equipment • Recycling • Residuals dewatering, disposal & handling equipment • Site & soil remediation

• Software systems • Spill control & containment • Stormwater control • Tanks & storage • Transportation services • Water treatment • Wastewater treatment • Waste disposal

CANECT Exhibits... Manufacturers, distributors, suppliers and companies from the following areas:

78 | March/April 2015 Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine

CANECT2014 Floor Plan

Sess

ion R

oom

s

Session Rooms

Restaurant & Lounge

Plenarysessions

Partnersin

Prevention

Partnersin

Prevention

CANECT 2015Tradeshow Hours

April 288:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.

April 298:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.

WWW.ENVIROGATE.CA

FLOOR PLAN

CANECT 2015CANECT 2015 June 7–10, 2015Anaheim, CAwww.awwa.org/ace15

Uniting the World of Water

Register Today!Ideal crop marks

Co-hosted by

ACE15 provides an environment for all water professionals to discuss solutions for the most pressing water utility challenges.

The program will address the changing needs of the global water community with 19 professional tracks and 111 unique sessions, six Sunday workshops, and more than 450 leading-edge exhibitors with expanded networking opportunities on the show fl oor.

Check out these hot topic sessions!

MON01 Using Business Case Evaluations as Part of an Eff ective Asset Management Program

MON16 Water Supply and Treatment Issues: New Technologies and Solutions

TUE33 Managing Distribution O&M Challenges

TUE43 Optimizing Pipe System Operations Through Advanced Technologies

WED17 Updating Control Systems and Using Real-Time Data to Improve Utility Eff ectiveness

WED41 New Applications of Data Management Technology for Informed Business Decisions

2010_ACE15 ESE full-8x10.875.indd 1 3/3/2015 2:55:30 PMESE_MA.15_CANECT ShowGuide.indd 78 3/28/15 5:06 AM

June 7–10, 2015Anaheim, CAwww.awwa.org/ace15

Uniting the World of Water

Register Today!Ideal crop marks

Co-hosted by

ACE15 provides an environment for all water professionals to discuss solutions for the most pressing water utility challenges.

The program will address the changing needs of the global water community with 19 professional tracks and 111 unique sessions, six Sunday workshops, and more than 450 leading-edge exhibitors with expanded networking opportunities on the show fl oor.

Check out these hot topic sessions!

MON01 Using Business Case Evaluations as Part of an Eff ective Asset Management Program

MON16 Water Supply and Treatment Issues: New Technologies and Solutions

TUE33 Managing Distribution O&M Challenges

TUE43 Optimizing Pipe System Operations Through Advanced Technologies

WED17 Updating Control Systems and Using Real-Time Data to Improve Utility Eff ectiveness

WED41 New Applications of Data Management Technology for Informed Business Decisions

2010_ACE15 ESE full-8x10.875.indd 1 3/3/2015 2:55:30 PMESE_MA.15_CANECT ShowGuide.indd 79 3/28/15 5:06 AM


List of Exhibitors as of March 20, 2015ACG / Envirocan #1238Woodbridge, ON905-856-1414E-mail: [email protected]/[email protected] Web site: www.acgtechnology.com/www.envirocan.ca Contact: Greg JacksonProducts/Services to be displayed: A variety of equip-ment and systems for the treatment of water, wastewater and stormwater, featuring Monster Industrial® grinders from JWCE.

Acute Environmental & Safety Services Inc. #1434Waterloo, ON519-747-5075E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.acuteservices.comContact: Robert McManus Products/Services to be displayed: Training materials, SCBA units, tripods, winches, davit systems, rescue equip-ment, gas meters, portacount, harnesses.

ADI Systems Inc. #1313Fredericton, NB 800-561-2831E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.adisystemsinc.comContact: Shannon GrantProducts/Services to be displayed: ADI Systems is one of the world’s leading suppliers of industrial wastewater treatment technologies, including anaerobic, aerobic, and biogas treatment solutions.

AGAT Laboratories Ltd. #1428Mississauga, ON 905-712-5100E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.agalabs.comContact: Mike Earp Products/Services to be displayed: AGAT Laboratories is a highly specialized, Canadian-based company that provides laboratory services worldwide. With over 30 years of experience, coast to coast locations and over 1,200 em-ployees Canada-wide, AGAT Laboratories is the most geo-graphically and technically diversified laboratory in Canada.

Bio-Microbics, Inc. #1525Shawnee, KS800-753-3278E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.biomicrobics.com Contact: Katie Vongsy Products/Services to be displayed: Manufacturer of ad-vanced wastewater and stormwater treatment systems for use with single-family dwellings, community systems, and high-strength commercial applications.

ClearTech #1318Mississauga, ON800-387-7503E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.cleartech.caContact: Harold HaucaProducts/Services to be displayed: ClearTech is a Canadian

Canadian Environmental Conference & Tradeshow

leader in the distribution of chemicals and chemical handling equipment for municipal, commercial and industrial uses.

Cox-Colvin & Associates, Inc. / Hoskin Scientific, LTD #1523Vancouver, BC; Burlington, ON; Montreal, QC; Plain City, OH905-333-5510 - Canada, 614-526-2040 - USE-mail: [email protected] - Canada, [email protected] - US Web site: www.hoskin.ca - Canada, www.Vaporpin.CoxColvin.com - US Contacts: Corey Lunman, Laurie ChilcoteProducts/Services to be displayed: The re-usable Vapor Pin™ - used for sub-slab soil gas sampling, de-pressur-ization studies/testing, stray gas evaluations, source area characterization and mitigation.

Dragun Corporation #1328Windsor, ON519-979-7300E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.dragun.caContact: Christopher ParéProducts/Services to be displayed: For over 26 years, Dragun has operated under the philosophy that being “technically competent” is not sufficient if we want to be a long-term, trusted environmental advisor. Our focus is finding solutions. We have consistently found solutions for our customers using “critical analysis,” scientific and reg-ulatory knowledge, and a genuine desire to see projects to completion. Dragun’s experienced, technical staff (P.Eng/P.Geo/EP) provides Peer Reviews, Litigation Support, Site Assessments (Phase I ESA, Phase II ESA), Vapour Intru-sion Assessments, Site Decommissioning, Environmental Compliance Approvals, Environmental Activity and Sector Registry, Toxic Substance Reduction Plans and Mould Assessments.

Drain-All Ltd. #1218Ottawa, ON613-739-1070E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.DrainALL.comContact: Stephen HuzaProducts/Services to be displayed: Liquid/Solid Haz waste Removal/Disposal; Emergency Response (Spills); Confined Space Entry; Industrial Wet/Dry Vacuuming/Exca-vation; High Pressure Blasting.

Dynamic Industrial Services Inc. #1528Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON905-680-6555E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.dynamicindustrialservices.caContact: Lilla Green Products/Services to be displayed: Hydro Excavation; Management and Handling of Waste & Recyclable Mate-rials; Sewer Flushing & CCTV Inspection; Smoke Testing; Dewatering; Industrial Cleaning.

EMSL Canada Inc. #1212Mississauga, ON 289-997-4602E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.emslcanada.caContact: Sarah Jamieson

Please see our ad in this issue of ES&E




CANECT ExhibitorsProducts/Services to be displayed: EMSL Canada is committed to providing comprehensive laboratory testing services and products in Ontario and surrounding provinces throughout Canada. Offering fast turnaround, reliable re-porting, and an unmatched dedication to customer service, EMSL Canada is truly a nationwide leader in quality environ-mental testing.

Environment Canada #1322Toronto, ON416-739-4826 /800-668-6767E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.ec.gc.caProducts/Services to be displayed: Learn more about our programs and how you may be regulated under the Canadi-an Environmental Protection Act (CEPA 1999).

Environmental Risk Information Services (ERIS) #1529Toronto, ON866-517-5204E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.erisinfo.comContact: Mike ChesterProducts/Services to be displayed: ERIS provides current and historical property information to assess environmental risk for properties throughout North America.

Exova Canada Inc. #1224Mississauga, ON905-301-2105E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.Exova.comContact: Joshua HiemstraProducts/Services to be displayed: Exova Is a Global provider of Laboratory Testing, Calibrating and Advising Services to the World’s most Innovative Companies.

Galuku Group North America, LLC #1435South Natick, MA508-864-2402E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.spillfix.comContact: David RoacheProducts/Services to be displayed: Galuku manufactures SpillFix, a cost-effective, eco-friendly coconut based alter-native to clay and synthetic absorbents.

Global Risk Innovations #1418Guelph, ON519-820-7751E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.globalriskinnovations.comContact: Judy SmithProducts/Services to be displayed: Provider of premium online education, students will have access to unlimited online courses to further their professional development.

H2Flow Equipment Inc. #1229 Concord, ON905-660-9775E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.h2flow.comContacts: Lynne Maclennan, Matthew MarionProducts/Services to be displayed: Water - Wastewater treatment for industrial applications: Pre-treatment to sewer, screens: DAFs, sludge dewatering presses, odour control, liquid storage tanks.

Healthy Environmental #1341Oakville, ON289-837-3444E-mail: [email protected]

Web site: www.healthyenvironmental.caContact: Henry KwasniakProducts/Services to be displayed: Providing mould removal, asbestos/lead abatement, designated substance surveys, floor removal and environmental testing services by qualified professionals.

Heron Instruments Inc. #1223Dundas, ON 800-331-2032E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.heroninstruments.comContact: Mike HareProducts/Services to be displayed: Heron provides premi-um groundwater monitoring instrumentation which includes water level meters, data loggers, interface meters, tempera-ture meters and conductivity meters.

HGC Engineering #1234 Mississauga, ON905-826-4044E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.acoustical-consultants.comContact: Bernard Feder Products/Services to be displayed: Canada’s leading consulting engineering group specializing in NOISE, VIBRA-TION and ACOUSTICAL Assessments and Control Solutions for industrial and environmental challenges.

Itech Environmental Services #1236Brantford, ON877-324-4402E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.itechenvironmental.caContact: Chris AndrewsProducts/Services to be displayed: Serving Ontario with Dangerous Goods & Spill Response, Site Remediation, Confined Space Support Services, Vacuum Truck Services, Demolition, and more.

John Brooks Company #1333Mississauga, ON877-624-5757E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.johnbrooks.caContact: Martin TurbideProducts/Services to be displayed: For over 75 years, John Brooks has been a full service national supplier of pumps, filtration equipment, spray nozzles and engineered systems.

KG Services #1432Brantford, ON 855-378-3015E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.kgservices.caContact: Kris Gaal Products/Services to be displayed: We supply Ontario with cost-effective, safe and efficient environmental site remediation and spill response solutions.

Lakes Environmental Software #1440Waterloo, ON519-746-5995E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.webLakes.comContact: Cheryl PorterProducts/Services to be displayed: Lakes Environmental supplies easy-to-use and sophisticated air dispersion mod-eling, emissions inventory and risk assessment software to industries, government agencies and academia.





CANECT ExhibitorsLimeGREEN Equipment #1336Hamilton, ON905-973-9560E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.limegreeninc.comContact: Kevin BaileyProducts/Services to be displayed: Canada’s fastest growing tank rental and filtration equipment supplier. Flow meters, pumps, hoses, berms, etc. Renting made easy.

Mettler Toledo Process Analytics #1317Mississauga, ON905-301-6780E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.mt.com/proContact: Ryan KershawProducts/Services to be displayed: Mettler Toledo Pro-cess Analytics is a worldwide leader in pH, dissolved and gaseous oxygen, dissolved CO2, conductivity and turbidity solutions for process analytical measurement systems.

MOS Productions Inc. #1312Greater Toronto, ON647-302-6905E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://mosproductions.caContact: Don GoudyProducts/Services to be displayed: Professional video production for better marketing, communications and training.

MSU Mississauga Ltd. #1337Mississauga, ON905-823-4340E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.msumississauga.comContact: Paul GrassaProducts/Services to be displayed: Access hatches, lad-ders, climbing rungs, catwalks, hardware for the water and wastewater industries.

Northstar Recycling #1226East Longmeadow, MA413-263-6002E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.NorthstarRecycling.comContact: Noah GoodmanProducts/Services to be displayed: Northstar Recycling provides comprehensive waste and recycling services to businesses across North America and specializes in innova-tive landfill diversion solutions. Oak Ridges Moraine Land Trust #1531Oak Ridges Moraine (multiple municipalities), ON905-853-3171E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.oakridgesmoraine.orgContact: Judy GilchristProducts/Services to be displayed: Private land conserva-tion on the Oak Ridges Moraine.

QCEC – Quality Control Equipment Co. #1532Des Moines, IA515-266-2268E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.qcec.com Contact: Jim CreightonProducts/Services to be displayed: Quality manufacturing of vacuum wastewater samplers, flow meters, davit cranes, and fish cleaning stations.

SILVER SPONSORQuantum Murray #1533Canada Wide877-378-7745E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.quantummurray.comContact: Sandra CampbellProducts/Services to be displayed: Quantum Murray (QMLP) is a leading Canadian environmental and industri-al services company with more than 700 employees and offices across the country. With a history that spans over 30 years, Quantum Murray has built a reputation for our commitment to Health and Safety, integrity, and quality. Our people are highly experienced and committed to the success of our projects and our clients. In addition, we’ve developed an extensive and trusted network of suppliers, sub-contractors, consultants, First Nations partners, and other strategic partners. Together we are well positioned to meet the diverse needs of our clients across the country, offering everything from specialized services to large, com-plex end-to-end solutions. Our services include: Demolition & Decommissioning, Environmental Remediation, Civil Earth Works, Hazardous Materials Abatement, Emergency Re-sponse & Industrial Services, Metals Recycling & Disposal, Waste Management & Facilities, Water Treatment, Training.

Roadpost Inc. #1424Toronto, ON416-253-6990 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.roadpost.caContact: Peter MacGillProducts/Services to be displayed: Satellite voice and data solutions for effective management and monitoring of employee safety: Iridium Phones, Satellite Radios, inReach Satellite Messengers.

Royal Roads University #1213Victoria, BC250-391-2600E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.royalroads.caProducts/Services to be displayed: Located at a beautiful National Historic Site, Royal Roads University has a history of excellence providing life changing experiences that en-able professional and personal transformation.

RWDI #1422Guelph, ON519-823-1311E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.rwdi.comContact: Elaine FarrowProducts/Services to be displayed: Auditing and Verifi-cation, Air Quality, Odour, Source Testing, GHGs, Environ-mental Assessment and Compliance, Noise & Vibration, Contaminated Land Assessments, Ground Water, Waste and Wastewater, Environmental Software.





CANECT ExhibitorsSAI Global Assurance Services #1329Toronto, ON877-426-0714E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.saiglobal.com/assuranceContact: John FraserProducts/Services to be displayed: SAI Global is a world-wide leader in OHS Management Systems certification and training, including OHSAS 18001, CAN/CSA Z1000-2006 or ANSI/AIHA Z10-2005.

Solinst Canada Ltd. #1232Georgetown, ON905-873-2255E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.solinst.comContact: Chris BattProducts/Services to be displayed: Solinst Canada Ltd. manufactures high quality groundwater and surface water monitoring instruments, including Leveloggers®, water level meters, and groundwater samplers.

Spill Management Inc. #1241Stoney Creek, ON905-578-9666E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.spillmanagement.caContact: Ruth HollandProducts/Services to be displayed: Spill Management teaches hands-on response skills, strategies, and ER plan-ning to industry, emergency services, institutions, hospitals and universities across Canada.

SPL Consultants Limited #1334Toronto, ON 416-798-0065E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.splconsultants.caContact: Shelley HullProducts/Services to be displayed: Air Quality, Environ-mental Compliance Audits, Environmental Site Assessment, Designated Substance Surveys, Geotechnical, Hydrogeolo-gy, Building Science, Natural Sciences, Inspection/Testing, Instrumentation.

St. Lawrence County Industrial Development Agency #1437Canton, NY 315-379-9806E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.SLCIDA.comContact: Brian NortonProducts/Services to be displayed: St. Lawrence County offers low-cost power, strategic location on the U.S./Canada border, and benefits such as the START-UP NY program.

Sudbury Lime Limited #1522Sudbury, ON 877-682-2958E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.sudburylime.caContact: Matt Haggis, General ManagerProducts/Services to be displayed: Lime Slurry.

SILVER SPONSORTEAM-1 Academy Inc. #1233 Oakville, ON 905-827-0007 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.team1academy.com Contact: Brian KovalcikProducts/Services to be displayed: TEAM-1 Academy Inc. is an Industry Leader in Health & Safety for the last 20 years. Providing Professional Safety Training, Equipment Sales + Service + Inspections, Con-sulting, Standby Rescue, Confined Space & Wind Industry Services to the Renewable Energy Sector, Fortune 500 companies, Industry, Construction, Health Care, Utilities, Fire Services, Police, EMS, Military, MOE, Government and numerous others. We only use highly skilled current Pro-fessional Emergency Responders with years of experience. Our Services and Instructors are second to none! HIRE THE RIGHT PEOPLE FOR THE RIGHT JOB.

TESTMARK Laboratories Ltd. #1429Mississauga, ON905-821-1112E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.testmark.caContact: Sylvia RennieProducts/Services to be displayed: TESTMARK Labora-tories provides accredited and licensed environmental lab testing services out of four Ontario locations (Mississauga, Sudbury, Timmins and Kirkland Lake).

UNDERFYRE/PACK-A-CONE c/o Mindspace Inc. #1228/1230Markham, ON(905) 284-1000, 866-242-3558E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Web site: www.underfyre.com, www.packacone.comContact: Cory TseProducts/Services to be displayed: UNDERFYRE – the latest technology in performance FR Wear – COTTON, fire resistant, wicking safety wear. PACK-A-CONE is the original collapsible pylon.

University of Waterloo - Co-operative Education #1222Waterloo, ON519-888-4567E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.uwaterloo.ca/hireContact: Vickie GrohProducts/Services to be displayed: University of Waterloo co-op and graduating students from over 140 programs are equipped to contribute to your organization’s business needs and success.

Vector Process Equipment Inc. #1217Mississauga, ON416-527-4396E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.vectorprocess.comContact: André OsborneProducts/Services to be displayed: Strainers, screens, conveyors, degritters, diffusers, air valves, aerators, mixers, lagoons, clarifiers, filters, membranes, digesters, centrifuges, presses, dryers, tanks, covers, disinfectants.






CANECT ExhibitorsVeolia North America #1433Hamilton, ON905-543-9295 Cell: 519-319-8970E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.veolianorthamerica.comContact: Peter Hitchen Products/Services to be displayed: Providing solutions to manage hazardous/regulated wastes and optimize industrial operations to maximize efficiency and reduce total cost of ownership.

Walker Environmental Group Inc. #1225Niagara Falls, ON905-227-4142E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.walkerind.comContact: Shawn JordanProducts/Services to be displayed: Walker Environmental Group is a leading waste management company develop-ing solutions for environmental challenges that are socially, economically and environmentally sustainable.

Warren’s Waterless Printing Inc. #1335Toronto, ON416-745-8200E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.warrenswaterless.comContact: Glenn LaycockProducts/Services to be displayed: Brochures, reports, pocket folders, business cards, paper samples, various printed samples.

Wessuc Inc. #1332 Brantford, ON1-866-4-WESSUCE-mail: [email protected] Web site: wessuc.comContact: Lorne McCallumProducts/Services to be displayed: Industrial vacuum, hydrovac, flushing, CCTV inspection services company who provide services to WTP, WWTP, municipalities, general contractors and utility customers throughout Ontario.

BRONZE SPONSORWestech Industrial #1417Mississauga, ON905-812-3993E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.westech-ind.comContact: Brent KillinsProducts/Services to be displayed: Westech Industrial is a leading supplier of analytical instrumentation to the Canadian marketplace. With specialties in CEMS (Continu-ous Emissions Monitoring Systems), process analyzers and ambient air analysis. Integration/Service centers strategically located across Canada, Westech provides engineered solu-tion & turn-key analysis systems to meet any requirement. Measures in air, water and liquid hydrocarbons, we have a solution. Specialty gas detection and analysis in all indus-tries from water treatment to petrochemical, we can meet your needs.

WISE Environmental Solutions Inc. #1536Sarnia, ON519-542-6667 Cell: 519-860-5589E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.wiseenv.comContact: Amanda Andersson Products/Services to be displayed: Wise Environmental Solutions provides the safest most modern equipment in the environmental industry including competitive transportation and disposal. Frac, mini, open top weir, mini mixing, 4 motor mixing and mini weir tanks as well as dewatering, vacuum and open top roll off boxes.

Xypex Chemical Corporation #1324Richmond, BC 877-824-3446E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.xypex.comContact: W.J.(Bill) JohnstoneProducts/Services to be displayed: Brochures and Digital Catalogues.

NOTES



Coalition slam release of pro-industry water

usage rules for the oil sands industry

The Alberta government has been crit-icized by SumOfUs.org, Keepers of the Athabasca, Environmental Defense Can-ada and the Natural Resources Defense Council for its decision to adopt weak new environmental regulations governing water usage in the oil sands industry. Sur-face Water Quantity Framework (SWQF) and Tailings Management Framework set guidelines on how much water oil sands companies can extract from the Athabas-ca River, and on the management and production of toxic tailings waste.

The coalition said it feels these new policies will pose a threat to the health of the Athabasca River system and one of the world’s largest freshwater del-tas. They wanted an “Ecosystem Base Flow” which would have protected the river from damage during rare low-flow events. They claim these new rules give a major exemption to oil sands firms, allowing them to extract water directly from the Athabasca, even if water levels are dangerously low.

Furthermore, the water management framework is entirely voluntary. To en-sure protection of the ecosystem and river, there needs to be enforced legal limits for oil sands companies. Already, over 30,000 Canadians have signed a petition calling on Alberta Premier Jim Prentice to revisit this policy.

“First Nations and Métis people made clear the need for stronger wa-ter withdrawal limits, and we’re disap-pointed to see that the government has decided to bow down to the interests of industry. The Lower Athabasca Region-al Plan, Joint Oil Sands Monitoring, and Alberta Environmental Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting Agency all lack indigenous inclusion,” said Jesse Cardinal of Keepers of the Athabasca.

www.action.sumofus.org

Works Commissioner recognized for exemplary

serviceCliff Curtis, Works Department Com-

missioner for the Regional Municipali-ty of Durham, has been honoured by the Ontario Public Works Association


ES&E NEWS


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00-NEWS-MA.15.indd 85 3/28/15 5:09 AM


ES&E NEWS(OPWA). The 2014 OPWA Exemplary Service Award is presented annually to a public works professional to recognize outstanding career service achievement, excellence and dedication in public ser-vice. Curtis has seen more than 20 years of rapid growth in Durham Region and managed many substantial projects. Most recently, he launched operations at the Durham York Energy Centre (DYEC), one of the largest projects the Region has ever undertaken.

The OPWA also honoured the Durham Region Works Department with a Project of the Year award (struc-tures greater than $50 million category) for the DYEC. This award promotes excellence in the management and ad-ministration of public works projects by recognizing an alliance among the man-aging agency, the consultant/engineer and the contractor.

The DYEC, located in Courtice, is a state-of-the-art energy-from-waste fa-cility that is Durham and York Region’s primary long-term disposal option for waste. Funded through the federal Gas Tax Fund, the DYEC only processes household waste remaining after ag-gressive composting, recycling and re-use programs.

www.durhamyorkwaste.ca

ANSI/ AWWA water main standard updated

Revising ANSI/AWWA C651-14 is the result of many years of review, re-search and discussion. It also takes into account a recent project from the Wa-ter Research Foundation on effective microbial control strategies for main breaks and depressurization. Major re-visions include:• Expanded guidance for disinfecting

existing water mains after repair.• Differences in the requirements be-

tween new and repaired mains.• Added a spray disinfection method

for large transmission mains.• Changed the requirement for bacte-

riological sampling in new mains. • The flushing rate of 2.5 ft/sec has

been increased to 3.0 ft/sec for a scour flush based on testing.

• References to new standard ANSI/AWWA C655 are included for de-chlorination and disposing of heav-ily chlorinated water.

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Continuous Clean Energy Power PlantWe retrofit Transfer Stations by providing Baling & Bagging Equipment to Guarantee Diversion of all Organic Waste from Landfill.

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00-NEWS-MA.15.indd 86 3/28/15 5:09 AM


These updates provide improved guidance and requirements for disin-fecting newly installed and existing re-paired water mains.

www.awwa.org

WateReuse merges leadership to sharpen focus

The WateReuse Association and WateRuse Research Foundation plan to merge the leadership of their organiza-tions. The goal is to more aggressively address challenges that local communi-ties face in meeting growing demands for water supplies, due to drought, cli-mate change, aging infrastructure, envi-ronmental degradation, and an increas-ingly complex web of regulations.

The plan calls for a core group of directors to simultaneously serve on each Board, thus facilitating maximum strategic collaboration. WateReuse has sharpened its focus in the three core ar-eas of research, education, and advoca-cy to advance a shared vision of a world in which “the right water is used for the right purpose, all the time, everywhere.”

Known collectively as WateReuse, the two organizations have been inter-national thought-leaders on alternative water supply development and the glob-al go-to source for applied research, ed-ucation, and advocacy on water reuse for nearly three decades. However, the leadership has identified a need for the two organizations to more deeply in-tegrate activities to leverage resources and maximize strengths.

The Research Foundation will contin-ue to conduct cutting-edge research to im-prove the treatment, distribution, and ac-ceptance of water reuse. The Association will continue to strategically advocate for laws, policies, and funding that promote and increase water reuse. Together, both organizations will work to educate poli-cymakers and the public on the science, economic value, and environmental ben-efits of treating water to safely use it for designated purposes, such as irrigation, manufacturing, and drinking water.

AWWA announces historic opening of India office

The American Water Works Associ-ation will establish its first international community when it opens an office in

CORROSION CONTROL PRODUCTSBurlington, Ontario Canada

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ES&E NEWS

00-NEWS-MA.15.indd 87 3/28/15 5:10 AM

Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine

ES&E NEWS

88 | March/April 2015

India this year.In comments made during the Indi-

an Water Works Association’s Annual Convention in Kolkata, AWWA CEO David LaFrance said that the newly cre-ated AWWAIndia is an important step in achieving the Association’s vision of a “better world through better water.”

AWWA anticipates introducing AW-WAIndia’s first executive manager in the coming months. In addition to opening an office, the executive manager’s initial focus will be on building a community of water professionals who collaborate to support public health, environmental protection and best management prac-

tices. AWWAIndia will also develop training for operators and managers.

Blue-Zone welcomes Ontario’s climate change

discussion Blue-Zone Technologies says it wel-

comes the release of Ontario’s Climate Change discussion paper on transforming to a low-carbon economy, including sector specific actions to reduce harmful emis-sions. Blue-Zone is already helping more than 200 Ontario operating rooms elimi-nate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

When hospitals administer anesthet-ics during surgery, the patient metabo-lizes less than 5% of the total vapour. The remaining 95% is released into the environment via the operating room air scavenging system. These emissions are potent GHGs, with 20-year global warming impacts approximately 3,776 times more harmful than carbon dioxide (CO2). Blue-Zone has the proprietary and patented technology to capture these anesthetics before they are released.

As part of the government’s announce-ment, areas and sectors of the economy that can achieve significant emission re-duction were outlined. These include pro-ductivity improvements in transportation, industry, buildings, electricity, agriculture and waste by building on existing cli-mate-critical provincial initiatives.

The Climate Change Discussion Pa-per will be posted to the Environmen-tal Bill of Rights for a 45 day comment period that will include focused discus-sions, town hall meetings and stakehold-er forums.

Manure treatment system wins Air Miles award

Extracting valuable nutrients and wa-ter from manure and preventing phos-phorus run-off is what Livestock Water Recycling (LWR) Inc. aims to do with its manure treatment technology. The Calgary-based company recently won “Innovation of the Year” from the 2015 Air Miles for Small Business Awards.

The three-part system works by sepa-rating solids and sludge from barn efflu-ent. The result is a concentrated liquid fertilizer and a phosphorus-rich sludge suitable for composting or fertilizing. Ammonia, which usually evaporates from manure before it can go into the

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Advertiser IND

EX Company Page

ADI Systems ......................................... 36

Alltork Actuation .................................. 59

American Public University ................. 47

American Water Works Association ... 79

Associated Engineering ....................... 55

Avensys ................................................ 22

AWI ....................................................... 19

Boerger Pumps .................................... 60

C&M Environmental ............................. 13

Cancoppas .......................................... 57

Canadian Safety Equipment Inc. ......... 58

Canadian Water Summit...................... 67

Can-Am Instruments ........................... 49

Denso ................................................... 27

Endress + Hauser ................................ 11

Envirocan & ACG Technology ........ 90, 91

Geneq ................................................... 52

Greatario ........................................ 42, 64

H2Flow ................................................. 30

Halliday Products ................................. 44

Hoskin Scientific ............................ 20, 41

Hydroxyl ............................................... 37

Huber Technology ................................ 16

Imbrium Systems ................................. 51

Indachem ............................................. 63

IPEX ........................................................ 7

Kemira .................................................. 45

KG Services .......................................... 33

KSB Pumps .......................................... 21

Kusters Water ...................................... 39

Mantech ............................................... 43

Master Meter ......................................... 3

MONITARIO ........................................... 31

MSU Mississauga ................................ 25

Mueller ................................................. 26

NETZSCH Canada ................................. 43

Orival Water Filters .............................. 54

Osprey Scientific .................................. 58

Parsons ................................................ 66

Pro Aqua................................................. 9

ProMinent ............................................... 2

Roadpost .............................................. 70

SEW-Eurodrive ..................................... 26

Smith & Loveless ................................... 5

Solinst Canada ..................................... 68

Spill Management ................................ 23

Stantec ................................................. 30

Team-1 Academy ................................. 92

Titan Environmental Containment ...... 68

University of Calgary ........................... 53

USF Fabrication & Engineered Pump .. 55

Waterra Pumps .................. 10, 35, 50, 65

WEFTEC ................................................ 69

XCG Consultants .................................. 52

Xypex.................................................... 40

March/April 2015 | 89

ES&E NEWSground, is also extracted by the system. This also significantly reduces odour.

Aside from irrigating feed and forage crops, tremendous amounts of water are used to wash and water animals, clean barns and move manure and waste. Nu-trient and contaminant-rich wastewater is most commonly pumped to lagoons. LWR’s system is able to process ap-proximately half of the manure’s vol-ume into potable water, which can be reused in the barns or for irrigation.

According to Ross Thurston, presi-dent of LWR, the system gives farmers more control. Reducing the volume of manure means reducing the size and loading of large lagoons where it is stored. By providing a concentrated and measured fertilizer product, farmers can apply the correct amount where it is needed. This minimizes run-off and the need to purchase commercial fertilizer.

Feds to fund antibiotic resistant bacteria research

A research team improving wastewa-ter treatment plant processes to protect the health of Canadians, has received $585,000 support from the Canadian government. Dr. Christopher Yost, Can-ada Research Chair in Microbes, the Environment and Food Safety at the University of Regina is working with researchers at Dalhousie and Acadia universities and municipal wastewater treatment plant partners in Saskatche-wan, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Nunavut, to develop new processes that reduce antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

According to the Canadian gov-ernment, one of the side effects of the overuse of antibiotics in humans is an increased amount of antibiotic-resistant bacteria being excreted into wastewater. These bacteria survive after wastewater is treated, thereby increasing the risk of transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to the environment and, potentially, hu-mans. Wastewater treatment plants rep-resent an important control point in the many steps taken to reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance.

A recent study from the University of Warwick, found antibiotic resistant bacteria were often found near treat-ment plants along the Thames River in England.

Dr. Yost has demonstrated highly sensitive specialized equipment that can quantify and characterize antibiotic re-sistance genes and resistant bacteria in the wastewater treatment environment and in other areas affected by wastewa-ter run-off.

Research facility opens in Calgary wastewater plant

For the first time, university research-ers are working side-by-side with mu-nicipal operators to advance wastewater treatment technologies and knowledge, in a partnership between the University of Calgary and the City of Calgary.

The $38.5 million Advancing Cana-dian Wastewater Assets (ACWA) facility at the Pine Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant is the world’s only fully integrat-ed, fully contained university research facility located within an operating in-dustrial wastewater treatment plant.

The site includes 3.8 km of natural-ized, experimental streams, that repli-cate real-life water situations and enable research that cannot be performed any-where else.

Their size, number, and connectivity to the city plant, allow researchers and trainees to study the effects of actual wastewater effluent on living ecosys-tems in real time.

The facility consists of the streams; a dedicated experimental wastewater treat-ment plant, where methods to remove contaminants are developed and tested; and an analytical laboratory, where the biological and chemical characteristics of wastewater and treated effluents are analyzed. Three additional labs on cam-pus at the University of Calgary also sup-port ACWA research.

ACWA brings together City employ-ees and researchers from multiple disci-plines to address three main themes re-lated to water: engineering technologies, public health protection, and aquatic ecology and ecotoxicology.

City laboratory scientists are work-ing together with the university to de-velop new methods to test for emerging pathogens and substances of concern. Some of the graduate students involved in ACWA research are also City employ-ees working in the wastewater system.

www.ucalgary.ca/acwa

00-NEWS-MA.15.indd 89 4/1/15 9:25 PM

Our new Wipes Ready Muffin Monster grinders shred wipes and rags down so

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ELIMINATE UNPLANNED PUMP DERAGGING WITH NEW WIPES READY MUFFIN MONSTERS

Eliminate this More time for this

ARE WIPES AND RAGS TAKING YOU AWAY FROMTHE IMPORTANT STUFF?

LEARN MORE AT ENVIROCAN.CA

JWCE_Envirocan_ES E Ad.indd 1 3/13/2015 8:23:28 AM00-NEWS-MA.15.indd 90 3/28/15 5:16 AM

Call today for your FREE OnsiteMuffin Monster Demonstration(905) 856-1414

LEARN MORE AT ENVIROCAN.CAOR [email protected]

CAPTURE, CUT, REMOVE

SludgeJWC’s family of powerful Muf�n Monster sludge grinders ensure

your dewatering system runs ef�ciently day after day. Three

sizes are available - 10K, 30K or 40K Muf�n Monsters. With three

choices of hardened steel cutters – 7, 11 or 13 tooth cutters.

You’ll get exactly the right Monster for the job.

Headworks Take out all the wipes and stringy debris at your inlet works with

JWC’s Finescreen Monster® or Bandscreen Monster® system.

JWC combines high-�ow �ne screening with outstanding

washing and compacting.

Pump StationPump stations are uniquely vulnerable to clogging with rag balls

and wipes. That’s why many Canadian utilities install Muf�n

Monster® and Channel Monster® grinders. Monsters are wipes

ready and keep pumps running ef�ciently.

Authorized Distributor for

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SEE US AT CANECT 2015 - BOOTH #1233!

environmental science & engineering magazine march-april 2015

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